Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Timothy (English → Bavarian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md across all four chapters of 2 Timothy, including the core passage (3:14–4:5). Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there — no alternative spelling or substitution is permitted. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed candidates for addition to translation_memory.json in a subsequent step, pending native-speaker and (where flagged) theologian review.
Risk tiers follow the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework and review-routing conventions established in the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (no change)
| Term | Bavarian rendering | Risk | Chapters occurring | Doctrine link |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | Evangelium | Medium | 1, 2 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| grace | Gnad | High | 1, 2, 4 | Assurance of Reward; Perseverance under Suffering |
| faith | Glaam | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 4 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel; Assurance of Reward |
| righteousness | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | 3, 4 | Inspiration/Sufficiency of Scripture; Assurance of Reward |
| salvation | Erlösung | High | 3 | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture |
| apostle | Apostl | Low | 1 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| called / calling | beruafa / Beruafung | Medium/High | 1 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| holy | heilig | Medium | 1 | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| sanctification | (not directly lexicalized in 2 Tim; conceptually present in 2:21/3:17) | Medium | 2, 3 | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| resurrection | Aufersteh’ng | Medium | 2 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| seed of David | Nachkomme vom David | Medium | 2 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| lord | Herr | High | — (κύριος itself is not thematically central in 2 Tim but the term must remain reserved) | Guarding Sound Doctrine (via contrast with δεσπότης, ch. 2) |
| glory | Herrlichkeit | Medium | 4 | Assurance of Reward |
| gentiles | Heiden | Medium | 4 | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| god | Gott | Medium | 1, 4 | all doctrines |
| holy spirit | Heiliger Geist | Medium | 1 | Guarding Sound Doctrine |
| exhort | ermahna | Low | 4 | The Charge to Preach the Word |
| spiritual gifts | Gnodngob’n (singular: Gnodngob) | Medium | 1 | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel |
| kingdom of God (pattern) | s’Reich vo Gott (adapted: sei Reich / s’himmlische Reich vo Gott) | Medium | 4 | Assurance of Reward |
| sin | Sünd | High | (implicit background, ch. 3 vice list) | Apostasy and False Teachers |
New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
| # | Term (English) | Original | Transliteration | Bavarian rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Rationale / Collision Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Scripture | γραφή | graphē | Schrift / heiling Schrift | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | Register-gap abstraction; must retain full doctrinal weight of “all Scripture,” not read as “old religious stories.” |
| 2 | Sacred writings | ἱερὰ γράμματα | hiera grammata | heiling Schriftn | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | Distinguish from γραφή; refers to the OT corpus known from childhood. |
| 3 | God-breathed | θεόπνευστος | theopneustos | vo Gott eihaucht | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | No native or standard-German folk coinage exists; must not be softened to generic “inspiring.” |
| 4 | Teaching / doctrine | διδασκαλία | didaskalia | Lehr | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Inspiration/Sufficiency | 1, 3, 4 | Shares root with “sound doctrine” (below); must be rendered identically across all occurrences. |
| 5 | Reproof / rebuke (Scripture’s/preacher’s corrective function) | ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω | elegmos / elegchō | Zrechtweisung / zrechtweisn | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Charge to Preach the Word | 3, 4 | Risk of softening into gentle “feedback”; must retain confrontational, corrective force. |
| 6 | Correction / restoration | ἐπανόρθωσις | epanorthōsis | Besserung | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | — |
| 7 | Training / discipline in righteousness | παιδεία | paideia | Erziehung | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | — |
| 8 | Complete / proficient | ἄρτιος | artios | recht zuagricht | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | Paired rhetorically with #9; keep as two distinct words. |
| 9 | Equipped | ἐξηρτισμένος | exērtismenos | ausgrüst | Low | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | See #8. |
| 10 | Man of God | ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος | ho tou theou anthrōpos | Mo vo Gott | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3 | Generic covenant-servant idiom, not gender-restrictive in force. |
| 11 | Solemnly charge | διαμαρτύρομαι | diamartyromai | beschwörn | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | Must be kept distinct from the gentler “ermahna” (παρακαλέω) used in the same passage. |
| 12 | Judge the living and the dead | κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς | krinein zōntas kai nekrous | richtn de Lebendign und de Doten | High | Assurance of Reward | 4 | Full, unqualified scope must be retained. |
| 13 | Appearing / manifestation | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | Erscheinung | High | Assurance of Reward; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1, 4 | Same word used for both the first coming (1:10) and the second coming (4:1, 4:8); context must disambiguate; distinct from baseline’s “Menschwerdung.” |
| 14 | Preach / proclaim | κηρύσσω | kēryssō | predign | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | Strong liturgical “Predigt/homily” association in Catholic Bavarian life; must not be narrowed to the scheduled clerical homily only. |
| 15 | Herald / preacher (office) | κήρυξ | kēryx | Verkünder | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 1, 4 | Keep root consistent with #14. |
| 16 | The word (message) | λόγος | logos | s’Wort | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2, 4 | Should co-occur with “Gott/Evangelium” in context to avoid generic-speech reading. |
| 17 | Be ready | ἐφίστημι | ephistēthi | sei parat | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | — |
| 18 | In season, out of season | εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως | eukairōs akairōs | wann’s grad passt und wann’s grad ned passt | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word; Perseverance under Suffering | 4 | Must not be softened to exclude inconvenient/costly timing. |
| 19 | Rebuke sharply | ἐπιτιμάω | epitimaō | tadln | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | Distinguish from #5 (elegchō). |
| 20 | Patience / longsuffering | μακροθυμία | makrothymia | Langmuat | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | — |
| 21 | Teaching / instruction (act) | διδαχή | didachē | Unterweisung | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | Near-synonym of #4; use for the act of instructing specifically. |
| 22 | Sound doctrine | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | gsunde Lehr | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1, 4 | Everyday “gsund” (physically healthy) risks trivializing; must be rendered identically at every occurrence (1:13, 4:3). |
| 23 | Endure / tolerate | ἀνέχομαι | anechomai | aushoitn | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | — |
| 24 | Desire / passion | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | Gelüst | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers; Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2, 4 | Must retain sinful self-indulgence sense, not neutral “preference.” |
| 25 | Heap up / accumulate | ἐπισωρεύω | episōreuō | aufhäufa | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | — |
| 26 | Teacher | διδάσκαλος | didaskalos | Lehrer | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | Requires qualifying adjective (false/sound) for clarity. |
| 27 | Itching ears | κνήθομαι τὴν ἀκοήν | knēthomenoi tēn akoēn | de wo’s an de Ohrwaschln juckt | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | Vivid native idiom via “Ohrwaschl”; must not undercut the seriousness of the diagnosis. |
| 28 | Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | Wahrheit | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Apostasy and False Teachers | 2, 4 | Anchor to gospel/apostolic-teaching referent, not abstract fact-accuracy alone. |
| 29 | Myths / fables | μῦθος | mythos | Mährle | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | Diminutive tone must not trivialize into harmless children’s stories. |
| 30 | Turn aside / wander | ἐκτρέπομαι | ektrepō | obkemma | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | — |
| 31 | Be sober-minded | νήφω | nēphō | bleib nüchtern | High | Perseverance under Suffering; Apostasy and False Teachers | 4 | Bavarian beer/Biergarten culture gives “nüchtern” strong literal-drinking association; figurative sense must be unambiguous in context. |
| 32 | Endure suffering | κακοπαθέω | kakopatheō | Drangsal dulden | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | 4 | — |
| 33 | Evangelist (office) | εὐαγγελιστής | euangelistēs | Evangelist (with explanatory gloss) | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | Strong collision risk: in Bavarian Catholic visual/devotional culture “Evangelist” overwhelmingly means the Four Gospel-writers (Matthew, Mark, Luke, John); bare use risks that misreading. |
| 34 | Ministry / service | διακονία | diakonia | Dienst | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | Common secular-service word; context must signal gospel ministry. |
| 35 | Fully carry out / fulfill | πληροφορέω | plērophoreō | voll ausfülln | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4 | — |
| 36 | Will of God | θέλημα θεοῦ | thelēma theou | Wille vo Gott | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Parallel construction to baseline “Sohn vo Gott.” |
| 37 | Promise of life | ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς | epangelia zōēs | s’Verspreng vom Leb’n | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 1 | — |
| 38 | Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | Barmherzigkeit | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Strong positive Catholic devotional resonance (Divine Mercy); ensure relational-covenantal sense is not narrowed to sentimental feeling only. |
| 39 | Sincere / unhypocritical faith | ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις | anypokritos pistis | aufrichtiga Glaam | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | — |
| 40 | Reminder | ὑπόμνησις | hypomnēsis | Erinnerung | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | — |
| 41 | Rekindle / fan into flame | ἀναζωπυρέω | anazōpyreō | wieda auflobern lassn | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Positive hearth-fire imagery, good cultural fit. |
| 42 | Laying on of hands | ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν | epithesis tōn cheirōn | s’Auflegn vo de Händ | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Good grounding via Catholic ordination/confirmation gesture. |
| 43 | Spirit of cowardice/fear | πνεῦμα δειλίας | pneuma deilias | Gaist vo da Feigheit | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel; Perseverance under Suffering | 1 | Risk of implying divine causation of fear via shared “Geist” word with Holy Spirit; phrasing must clarify this is a rejected disposition, not God’s gift. |
| 44 | Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | Liab | Medium | (undergirds all doctrines, esp. Guarding Sound Doctrine) | 1, 2 | Everyday word for love broadly; context must preserve distinctly Christian, self-giving sense. |
| 45 | Self-control / sound judgment | σωφρονισμός | sōphronismos | Besonnenheit | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | 1 | — |
| 46 | Be ashamed | ἐπαισχύνομαι | epaischynomai | sich schama | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | 1 | — |
| 47 | Testimony | μαρτύριον | martyrion | Zeugnis | Low-Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Avoid narrowing to courtroom sense only. |
| 48 | Purpose / plan (of God) | πρόθεσις | prothesis | Plan vo Gott | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 1 | — |
| 49 | Before eternal times | πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων | pro chronōn aiōniōn | vor ewige Zeitn | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 1 | Must retain genuine eternal pre-temporality, not “long ago.” |
| 50 | Abolish (death) | καταργέω | katargeō | den Tod vernicht | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Must convey decisive defeat, not mere weakening. |
| 51 | Illuminate / bring to light | φωτίζω | phōtizō | ans Licht bringa | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | — |
| 52 | Incorruption / immortality | ἀφθαρσία | aphtharsia | Unvergänglichkeit | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 1 | Distinct from generic “eternal life”; retain non-decay nuance. |
| 53 | Deposit (entrusted gospel) | παραθήκη | parathēkē | des anvertraute Guat | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Catholic depositum fidei concept is a helpful parallel but risks over-institutionalizing what Paul entrusts to an individual minister. |
| 54 | Guard / keep watch over | φυλάσσω | phylassō | behüat’n | Low-Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1 | Strong positive fit via traditional Bavarian blessing “Gott behüt!“ |
| 55 | Pattern of sound words | ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων | hypotypōsis hygiainontōn logōn | Vorbild + gsunde Wort | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1 | Same “gsund” collision noted at #22; keep root consistent with 4:3. |
| 56 | Soldier | στρατιώτης | stratiōtēs | Soldat | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | 2 | — |
| 57 | Compete (athlete) | ἀθλέω | athleō | bei am Wettkampf mitmacha | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | 2 | — |
| 58 | Farmer | γεωργός | geōrgos | Bauer | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | 2 | Strong positive cultural fit with rural Bavarian identity. |
| 59 | Trustworthy saying | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | pistos ho logos | s’Wort is zuaverlässig | Low | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2 | — |
| 60 | Deny | ἀρνέομαι | arneomai | verleugna | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2 | Must retain full weight (denying Christ), not casual disagreement. |
| 61 | Word-battle / quarreling over words | λογομαχία | logomachia | Wortgfrett | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2 | — |
| 62 | Rightly handle (the word) | ὀρθοτομέω | orthotomeō | s’Wort vo da Wahret richtig auslegn | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2 | Methodological heart of sound-doctrine guardianship; must not read as “convenient interpretation.” |
| 63 | Irreverent, empty babble | βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι | bebēloi kenophōniai | leers Gschwätz | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Apostasy and False Teachers | 2 | — |
| 64 | Gangrene (metaphor) | γάγγραινα | gangraina | wia a bösorticher Wuchs, der se ausbroat | Low | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2 | — |
| 65 | Foundation | θεμέλιος | themelios | Grundstoa | Low | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Assurance of Reward | 2 | Good cultural grounding via Bavarian building customs. |
| 66 | Vessel (for honor/dishonor) | σκεῦος | skeuos | Gschirr | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2 | Retain moral-purity/usefulness framing. |
| 67 | Master (household owner) | δεσπότης | despotēs | Hausherr | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2 | Must not reuse bare “Herr” (reserved for Christ’s exclusive Lordship per baseline). |
| 68 | Gentleness | πραΰτης | prautēs | Sanftmuat | Low | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 2 | — |
| 69 | Repentance / change of mind | μετάνοια | metanoia | Umkehr | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Apostasy and False Teachers | 2 | Avoid “Buße,” which defaults to the sacrament of confession in Bavarian Catholic usage. |
| 70 | Devil | διάβολος | diabolos | Deifi | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2 | Folk-comic “Deifi” imagery risks softening the serious spiritual-adversary sense. |
| 71 | Snare / trap | παγίς | pagis | Falln | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2 | Good cultural grounding via hunting tradition. |
| 72 | Last days | ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις | en eschatais hēmerais | in de letzt’n Tag | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3 | Must retain present-age, not only far-future, urgency. |
| 73 | Difficult times | καιροὶ χαλεποί | kairoi chalepoi | schwere Zeitn | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | — |
| 74 | Vice-list terms (18 items) | φίλαυτοι κτλ. | philautoi etc. | e.g. Geizhäls, Aufschneider, hochmüatig, etc. | Medium (collectively) | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | Cumulative rhetorical intensity must be preserved across the full list. |
| 75 | Lovers of pleasure rather than lovers of God | φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι | philēdonoi mallon ē philotheoi | de wo’s Vagnüagn mehra liab ham ois wia Gott | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | Climactic verdict on the vice list; must retain the sharp either/or contrast. |
| 76 | Godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | Frömmigkeit | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | Strong Bavarian Catholic devotional-practice association; critique targets hollow hypocrisy, not devotional practice itself — must not be misheard as a blanket critique of traditional piety. |
| 77 | Outward form/appearance | μόρφωσις | morphōsis | äußere Ausschaug’n | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | — |
| 78 | Impostors / charlatans | γόητες | goētes | Gaukler | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | — |
| 79 | Jannes and Jambres | Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς | Iannēs kai Iambrēs | Jannes und Jambres | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | Background-knowledge gap, not a translation risk; footnote required. |
| 80 | Disqualified/counterfeit re: the faith | ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν | adokimoi peri tēn pistin | ausgmustert im Glaam | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers; Guarding Sound Doctrine | 3 | — |
| 81 | Persecutions, sufferings | διωγμοί, παθήματα | diōgmoi, pathēmata | Vafolgung, Leidn | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 3 | Bavarian saint/martyr-veneration tradition risks reframing ordinary-believer suffering as an exceptional-saint phenomenon. |
| 82 | Progress to worse | προκόπτω ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον | prokoptō epi to cheiron | ollawei schlimmer wern | Low | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | — |
| 83 | Deceive / lead astray | πλανάω | planaō | in d’Irr führn | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3 | Retain doctrinal-deception sense specifically. |
| 84 | Poured out (as libation) | σπένδομαι | spendomai | wia a Trankopfer ausgossn wern | High | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | 4 | OT cultic libation image has no native equivalent; needs explanatory framing to retain sacrificial/worshipful sense. |
| 85 | Departure (euphemism for death) | ἀνάλυσις | analysis | mei Hoamgang | Low | Assurance of Reward | 4 | Strong positive fit with Bavarian Catholic funeral-devotional euphemism. |
| 86 | Fought the good fight | ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι | agōna ēgōnismai | guada Kampf | Low | Assurance of Reward | 4 | — |
| 87 | Finished the race | δρόμον τετέλεκα | dromon teteleka | mei Lauf vollendet | Low | Assurance of Reward | 4 | — |
| 88 | Crown of righteousness | ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος | ho tēs dikaiosynēs stephanos | Kranz vo da Gerechtigkeit | High | Assurance of Reward | 4 | Must be framed as grace-enabled reward, not self-merited trophy (Pelagian risk); good grounding via Bavarian festival victor-wreath culture (e.g. Schützenfest). |
| 89 | Righteous judge | ὁ δίκαιος κριτής | ho dikaios kritēs | gerechter Richter | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 4 | — |
| 90 | Heavenly kingdom | ἡ βασιλεία… ἐπουράνιος | hē basileia epouranios | s’himmlische Reich vo Gott | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 4 | — |
| 91 | Rescue / deliver | ῥύομαι | rhyomai | aussireißn / retten | Medium | Perseverance under Suffering | 3, 4 | — |
Risk Summary
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 | Human theologian review (mandatory) |
| High | 20 | Human theologian review (mandatory) |
| Medium | 46 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 22 | Automated review (with mandatory dialect spot-check per orthography note below) |
Orthography note (carried forward from baseline): As with the Romans package, Bavarian has no standardized orthography. Every new term above additionally requires native-speaker dialect review for spelling and register plausibility, even where the doctrinal risk tier alone (Low) would otherwise permit automated-only review, per the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json governing note.
Consistency requirement: The following term-pairs must be rendered identically at every occurrence across the whole book (flagged in Part A/B of 07_semantic_analysis.md):
- διδασκαλία / ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία → Lehr / gsunde Lehr (1:13; 3:16; 4:3)
- ἐπιφάνεια → Erscheinung (1:10; 4:1; 4:8), disambiguated by context only, never by alternate spelling
- ἐπιθυμία → Gelüst (2:22; 4:3)
- εὐσέβεια / εὐσεβῶς → Frömmigkeit / fromm (3:5; 3:12)
- παραθήκη / πίστις τετήρηκα → des anvertraute Guat / Glaam gwahrt (1:12, 1:14; 4:7) — the “guard the deposit… I have kept the faith” inclusio bracketing the whole letter.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Register-gap term retained from standard German with no native dialect coinage. [Inherited from Romans package.] Appears in 2 Timothy 3:16 (‘training in righteousness’) and 4:8 (‘crown of righteousness’); must not collapse into performance-based moral achievement in either occurrence.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Schrift / de ganze Schrift
Transliteration: Schrift / de gonze Schrift
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: Jede von Gott eingegebene Schrift (EÜ’s phrasing, which opens an interpretive door toward a qualifying rather than totalizing reading of ‘all Scripture’)
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, the load-bearing totality claim. Register-gap abstraction with no native Bavarian coinage; must always co-occur with a totality quantifier (‘de ganze Schrift,’ ‘olle Schrift’) to preserve the ‘all/every Scripture’ scope. Follow Luther’s unambiguous ‘Alle Schrift,’ not EÜ’s more restrictive phrasing.
Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: heiling Schriftn
Transliteration: hoalige Schriftn
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:15 (ἱερὰ γράμματα), distinct from γραφή. Emphasizes lifelong formal acquaintance via home/synagogue instruction since childhood; must read as authoritative sacred text, not a folk-devotional bedtime story.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: vo Gott eihaucht
Transliteration: vo Gott eihauched
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: inspirierend / gott-inspiriert (softens toward a vague, loosely modern ‘uplifting’ sense, severing the direct divine-authorship claim)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 (θεόπνευστος), a unique NT coinage with no fixed single-word target in any register, including standard German. Must be rendered as a full descriptive paraphrase, never collapsed into generic ‘inspiring.’ The single highest-risk term in this curriculum.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Final -e dropped per regular apocope. Must render as wholly unmerited, apart from any devotional transaction. [Inherited from Romans package.] In 2 Timothy 1:9 explicitly contrasted with ‘our works’; recurs at 2:1 and the closing benediction 4:22, bookending the letter.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk, acute in Bavaria specifically)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 3:15: Scripture’s wisdom leads specifically to this salvation through faith in Christ Jesus.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Jehova (Watchtower/NWT covenant-name substitution pattern at 2 Timothy 2:19 — must never be echoed)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Reserved exclusively for Christ’s/God’s supreme lordship throughout 2 Timothy (1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18, 2:7, 2:19, 2:22, 2:24, 4:8, 4:14, 4:17-18, 4:22); must never be reused for the distinct Greek term δεσπότης (‘master,’ 2:21), which is rendered separately as ‘Hausherr.‘
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünd
Transliteration: Sind
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμάρτημα
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package.] Implicit background of the ch. 3 vice list and the false teachers’ moral corruption; colloquial Bavarian ‘a Sünd is des scho’ (what a shame) risks trivializing the weight of the last-days moral catalogue.
Reproof
Approved rendering: Zrechtweisung / zrechtweisn
Transliteration: Zrechtweisung / zrechtweisen
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: gentle ‘feedback’ framing (blunts the confrontational, authoritative corrective force required)
Original: ἐλεγμός / ἐλέγχω
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 (Scripture’s ἐλεγμός function) and 4:2 (the preacher’s imperative ἔλεγξον, same root). Must retain forensic, confrontational corrective force at both occurrences.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: gsunde Lehr
Transliteration: gsunda Lehr
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: gesunde Lehre used bare/unglossed (risks a trivializing ‘good for you’ folk-health reading rather than doctrinally life-giving-versus-corrupting truth)
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 1:13, 4:3 (ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία). Everyday ‘gsund’ means physically healthy; must be rendered identically at both occurrences and reinforced by surrounding context (contrast with gangrene, empty babble) so the medical metaphor is unmistakable.
Pattern Of Sound Words
Approved rendering: Vorbild + gsunde Wort
Transliteration: Voarbuid + gsunda Woat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 1:13 (ὑποτύπωσις ὑγιαινόντων λόγων); first occurrence of the sound/healthy doctrinal-health metaphor recurring at 4:3, sharing that entry’s collision risk.
Solemnly Charge
Approved rendering: beschwörn
Transliteration: beschwoarn
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: ermahna (the gentler exhortation verb used two verses later; must never be collapsed with this stronger, formal oath-invoking charge)
Original: διαμαρτύρομαι
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:1 (διαμαρτύρομαι), a formal, binding charge given as if under oath before God and Christ as witnesses. Sets the whole charge unit at the highest possible register.
Judge Living And Dead
Approved rendering: richtn de Lebendign und de Doten
Transliteration: richten de Lebendign und de Douten
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:1 (κρίνειν ζῶντας καὶ νεκρούς). This exact phrase is already liturgically familiar via the Bavarian Catholic recitation of the Apostles’ Creed — a genuine asset. Must retain full, unqualified scope (every person, every era).
Appearing
Approved rendering: Erscheinung
Transliteration: Erscheinung
Doctrine: Christ’s Appearing and Judgment
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 1:10 (first coming), 4:1 and 4:8 (second coming) — same Greek word ἐπιφάνεια, same Bavarian word required at all three, disambiguated only by surrounding context, never by alternate spelling. Distinct from ‘Menschwerdung,’ the baseline’s separate theological-event term.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: bleib nüchtern
Transliteration: bleib nüchta
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: νήφω
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:5 (νήφω). Bavaria’s prominent beer/Biergarten culture gives ‘nüchtern’ a strong literal-drinking-status association; always pair with a doctrinal object (‘bleib nüchtern im Glaam’) so the figurative sense is unmistakable.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: Evangelist (mit Erklärung: oaner, der des Evangelium weiterträgt)
Transliteration: Evangelist
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: bare unglossed ‘Evangelist’ (defaults overwhelmingly to the Four Gospel-writers in Bavarian Catholic devotional/visual culture)
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5 (εὐαγγελιστής). Requires a mandatory explanatory gloss on first use to prevent misreading as a reference to Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John.
Spirit Of Fear
Approved rendering: Gaist vo da Feigheit
Transliteration: Goasd vo da Feigheit
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: bare use of ‘Geist’ without a qualifying clause (risks implying God gives believers a fearful disposition)
Original: πνεῦμα δειλίας
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:7 (πνεῦμα δειλίας). Because the noun ‘Geist’ is also used for the Holy Spirit elsewhere, this phrase must be phrased so it clearly reads as a rejected human disposition, not divine causation (‘Gott håt uns koan Gaist vo da Feigheit gebn’).
Deposit Entrusted
Approved rendering: des anvertraute Guat
Transliteration: des anvatraute Guad
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: depositum fidei / Erbe (over-institutionalizes Paul’s personal charge to an individual minister as exclusively Magisterial custodianship)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14 (παραθήκη). The central image for Faithful Transmission of the Gospel. Must be framed as Paul’s charge to Timothy personally, not exclusively institutional-hierarchical custodianship, though the Catholic depositum fidei concept is a genuine cultural asset to leverage carefully.
Rightly Handle Word
Approved rendering: s’Wort vo da Wahret richtig auslegn
Transliteration: s’Woat vo da Wahret richtig auslegn
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: s’Wort recht verkünden (Einheitsübersetzung’s flattening into generic ‘rightly proclaim,’ losing Paul’s craftsman’s-path/surveyor image of cutting a straight line)
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:15 (ὀρθοτομέω). Methodological heart of Guarding Sound Doctrine; must not be read as ‘convenient interpretation’ but as careful, faithful, accurate exposition.
Master Household
Approved rendering: Hausherr
Transliteration: Hausherr
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: Herr (would dilute the specific reserved theological weight assigned to ‘Herr’ for Christ’s exclusive Lordship, κύριος)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:21 (δεσπότης). Distinct from κύριος; keeping this term separate from ‘Herr’ is a mandatory fence, not a stylistic choice.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Umkehr
Transliteration: Umkeah
Doctrine: Repentance
Rejected alternatives: Buße (defaults overwhelmingly to the ritual Sacrament of Confession/Penance in Bavarian Catholic usage, not Paul’s inward reorientation of mind)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:25-26 (μετάνοια). Never render with ‘Buße’ in this context; ‘Umkehr’ preserves the hoped-for inward outcome of gentle correction without sacramentalizing it.
Lovers Of Pleasure
Approved rendering: de wo’s Vagnüagn mehra liab ham ois wia Gott
Transliteration: de wo’s Vergnüagn mehra liab ham ois wia Gott
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: enjoying life too much (trivializes the sharp either/or spiritual diagnosis into casual overindulgence)
Original: φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:4 (φιλήδονοι μᾶλλον ἢ φιλόθεοι). The vice list’s climactic, summarizing contrast; must retain the sharp either/or (misdirected love vs. God-directed love).
Godliness
Approved rendering: Frömmigkeit / fromm
Transliteration: Frommigkeit / fromm
Doctrine: Godliness versus Hollow Religion
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:5, 3:12 (εὐσέβεια). Strongly and positively tied to visible Bavarian Catholic devotional practice (Wallfahrt, Rosary, votive candles); Paul’s critique targets hollow, powerless religiosity specifically — must always co-occur with an explicit contrast clause (‘de Kraft dahinter aber leugna’s ab’) so it is never heard as a blanket critique of traditional piety.
Persecutions Sufferings
Approved rendering: Vafolgung, Leidn
Transliteration: Verfolgung, Leidn
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διωγμοί, παθήματα
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 3:11 (διωγμοί, παθήματα). Bavaria’s strong regional martyr/patron-saint-veneration tradition risks reframing Paul’s point — that ordinary believers should expect and endure such suffering as normal Christian experience — as an exceptional-saint phenomenon; must be explicitly generalized in context.
Poured Out Libation
Approved rendering: wia a Trankopfer ausgossn wern
Transliteration: wia a Trankopfer ausgossn wead
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: a bare ‘my life is ending’ (loses Paul’s deliberately worshipful, sacrificial self-understanding)
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:6 (σπένδομαι). This OT cultic image (cf. Numbers 28) has no native Bavarian folk equivalent and requires the explanatory simile form to retain its sacrificial character.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: Kranz vo da Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Kranz vo da Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: a bare ‘Kranz’ standing alone without grace-framing (risks a self-merited-trophy/Pelagian reading via Bavarian Schützenfest festival victor-wreath culture)
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:8 (ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος). Must always be anchored in immediate context to grace-enabled endurance (cf. 1:9), never presented as a competing works-righteousness category.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
The formal, liturgically borrowed term versus the folk-paraphrase ‘de guade Nachricht’. [Inherited from Romans package.] Occurs in 2 Timothy 1:8, 1:10, 2:8 as the fixed apostolic message Timothy must not be ashamed of and must guard/transmit.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Christ, not generic folk-Catholic religiosity. [Inherited from Romans package.] In 2 Timothy also names the deposited body of apostolic teaching itself (‘kept the faith,’ 4:7; ‘disqualified regarding the faith,’ 3:8) — context determines which sense is active.
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 1:9: ‘saved us and called us with a holy calling.‘
Calling
Approved rendering: Beruafung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Shares standard German’s career/vocation homonym risk. [Inherited from Romans package.] Forms the compound ‘heilige Beruafung’ (holy calling) in 2 Timothy 1:9, grounding the whole letter’s charge in God’s own purpose, not merit.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Modifies ‘calling’ (1:9) and ‘Spirit’ (1:14, Heiliger Geist).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Borrowed from standard German; the Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy. [Inherited from Romans package.] Not directly lexicalized as a noun in 2 Timothy but conceptually present in 2:21 (vessel for honorable use) and 3:17 (equipped for every good work).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Aufersteh’ng
Transliteration: Auferstehung
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγηγερμένος
Category: Eschatology
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 2:8 (Christ raised from the dead, part of Paul’s compact gospel summary) and 2:18 (false teachers’ error that the resurrection already occurred) — the two occurrences must be clearly distinguished by surrounding context, not by alternate spelling.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Nachkomme vom David
Transliteration: Nochkumme vom David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: Some vom David (archaic/clinical register)
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 2:8: part of Paul’s compact gospel summary Timothy is charged to ‘remember.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 4:18’s closing doxology: ‘to whom be glory forever and ever.‘
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Hoaden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 4:17: Paul’s rescue served the larger purpose that ‘all the Gentiles might hear’ — Mission to the Nations thread recurs in this closing testimony.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
‘Herrgott’ reserved for warm folk-devotional contexts only; plain ‘Gott’ is primary. [Inherited from Romans package.] Occurs throughout 2 Timothy 1 and 4 especially.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / πνεῦμα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 1:14: the Holy Spirit who dwells in believers guards the entrusted deposit. Must be kept clearly distinct in surrounding phrasing from the unrelated ‘spirit of fear’ (πνεῦμα δειλίας, 1:7), which shares the noun ‘Geist’ but is NOT the Holy Spirit.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Gnodngob’n
Transliteration: Gnadengaben
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 1:6 uses the singular ‘Gnodngob’ (χάρισμα, one gift given through the laying on of hands, which Timothy must ‘fan into flame’ rather than let lie dormant); the baseline plural form is retained here for the family of terms.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: des Reich vom Gott
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
[Inherited from Romans package.] Adapted in 2 Timothy 4:1 (‘his kingdom,’ sei Reich) and 4:18 (‘his heavenly kingdom,’ s’himmlische Reich vo Gott); distinguish from any political or regional kingdom.
Teaching Doctrine
Approved rendering: Lehr
Transliteration: Lehra
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 1:13 (pattern of sound words), 3:16 (Scripture’s teaching function), 4:3 (sound doctrine). Must be rendered identically at every occurrence for cross-passage consistency.
Correction
Approved rendering: Besserung
Transliteration: Besserung
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 (ἐπανόρθωσις): the positive restorative turn following reproof.
Training In Righteousness
Approved rendering: Erziehung
Transliteration: Erziahung
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16 (παιδεία ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ); the δικαιοσύνη element reuses ‘Gerechtigkeit’ exactly (Critical).
Complete Proficient
Approved rendering: recht zuagricht
Transliteration: recht zuagrichted
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἄρτιος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17 (ἄρτιος), deliberately doubled with ‘ausgrüst’ for rhetorical emphasis; keep the two Bavarian words distinct rather than collapsing into one.
Man Of God
Approved rendering: Mo vo Gott
Transliteration: Mou vo Gott
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17 (ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος); an OT covenant-servant idiom, functions generically (‘person belonging to God’), not gender-restrictive in force. Flag for native-speaker phrasing review.
Preach
Approved rendering: predign
Transliteration: predigng
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (κηρύσσω). Strong liturgical ‘Predigt/homily’ association in Bavarian Catholic parish life; must not read as restricted to the scheduled clerical homily — pair with ‘wann’s grad passt und wann’s grad ned passt’ to broaden scope.
Herald
Approved rendering: Verkünder
Transliteration: Vakünder
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κήρυξ
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:11 (κήρυξ), part of Paul’s threefold self-description (herald, apostle, teacher). Keep root consistent with ‘predign’ (4:2).
Word Message
Approved rendering: s’Wort
Transliteration: s’Woat
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: λόγος
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (λόγος), the fixed apostolic gospel-content, not speech or invention in general. Should generally co-occur with ‘Gott’/‘Evangelium’ in context to prevent reduction to generic speech.
In Season Out Of Season
Approved rendering: wann’s grad passt und wann’s grad ned passt
Transliteration: wann’s grod passt und wann’s grod ned passt
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Rejected alternatives: when it’s a good moment (excludes the inconvenient/costly timing Paul explicitly includes)
Original: εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (εὐκαίρως ἀκαίρως). Directly tied to Perseverance under Suffering, since faithful proclamation continues under hardship.
Rebuke Sharply
Approved rendering: tadln
Transliteration: toadln
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (ἐπιτιμάω). Distinguish from ‘zrechtweisn’ (ἐλέγχω) as a near-synonym with a sharper, more personally directed edge.
Teaching Instruction Act
Approved rendering: Unterweisung
Transliteration: Unterweisung
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διδαχή
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (διδαχή). Use specifically for the act of instructing, to keep this and ‘Lehr’ (διδασκαλία) distinguishable.
Endure Tolerate
Approved rendering: aushoitn
Transliteration: aushoiten
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνέχομαι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3 (ἀνέχομαι): people ‘will not endure’ sound teaching — a decisive rejection, not mere disagreement.
Desire Passion
Approved rendering: Gelüst
Transliteration: Gelust
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: preferences (loses the sinful self-indulgence sense)
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:22 (‘youthful passions’) and 4:3 (‘their own passions’) share this root (ἐπιθυμία); must retain the sinful self-indulgence sense at both occurrences.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: de wo’s an de Ohrwaschln juckt
Transliteration: de wo’s an de Ohrwascheln juckt
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3 (κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν). ‘Ohrwaschl’ is an authentic, warm Bavarian dialect word for ear; the vivid folksiness must not undercut the seriousness of the diagnosis.
Truth
Approved rendering: Wahrheit
Transliteration: Wahret
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:15, 2:18, 2:25, 4:4 (ἀλήθεια). Must be anchored to the gospel/apostolic-teaching referent, not read as abstract factual accuracy alone.
Myths
Approved rendering: Mährle
Transliteration: Mährla
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: Legenden (Einheitsübersetzung’s rendering at 4:4, which risks a positive hagiographic-genre collision with Bavarian Catholic saints’-legend devotional culture)
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4 (μῦθος). Diminutive dialect warmth must not trivialize into a harmless children’s story; Paul means seriously deceptive religious fabrication.
Endure Suffering
Approved rendering: Drangsal dulden
Transliteration: Drangsal duldn
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:5 (κακοπαθέω), echoing Paul’s own example (1:8, 12; 2:3, 9-10; 3:11-12).
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: Dienst
Transliteration: Diast
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5 (διακονία). Common secular-service word; context must signal gospel ministry, not generic duty.
Will Of God
Approved rendering: Wille vo Gott
Transliteration: Wui vo Gott
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: θέλημα θεοῦ
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:1 (θέλημα θεοῦ). Parallel construction to the baseline’s ‘Sohn vo Gott.‘
Promise Of Life
Approved rendering: s’Verspreng vom Leb’n
Transliteration: s’Vaspreng vom Lebn
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
2 Timothy 1:1 (ἐπαγγελία ζωῆς). Frames the letter’s hope, grounding perseverance under suffering.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Barmherzigkeit
Transliteration: Barmherzigkeit
Doctrine: Mercy
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 (ἔλεος). Strong positive Bavarian Catholic Divine Mercy devotional resonance is an asset, but must not narrow to sentimental feeling alone, especially in the Onesiphorus intercession (1:16-18).
Sincere Faith
Approved rendering: aufrichtiga Glaam
Transliteration: aufrichtiga Gloam
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις
Category: Faith
2 Timothy 1:5 (ἀνυπόκριτος πίστις), describing the faith passed down through Lois and Eunice — a model of generational Faithful Transmission of the Gospel.
Love
Approved rendering: Liab
Transliteration: Liab
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Sanctification
2 Timothy 1:7 (part of the power/love/self-control triad) and 2:22 (ἀγάπη). Everyday word for love broadly; context and qualifying phrases must preserve the distinctly Christian, self-giving sense.
Self Control
Approved rendering: Besonnenheit
Transliteration: Besonnaheit
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Sanctification
2 Timothy 1:7 (σωφρονισμός), the third element of the power/love/self-control triad, opposite of the rejected spirit of timidity.
Testimony
Approved rendering: Zeugnis
Transliteration: Zeugnis
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: μαρτύριον
Category: Faith
2 Timothy 1:8 (μαρτύριον). Avoid narrowing to only courtroom/legal testimony sense.
Purpose Of God
Approved rendering: Plan vo Gott
Transliteration: Plan vo Gott
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:9 (πρόθεσις). God’s deliberate intention/design, not human merit, as the ground of salvation and calling.
Before Eternal Times
Approved rendering: vor ewige Zeitn
Transliteration: vor ewige Zeidn
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Rejected alternatives: a very long time ago (reduces genuine eternal pre-temporality to mere antiquity)
Original: πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:9 (πρὸ χρόνων αἰωνίων). Grace given in Christ before creation, grounding assurance in an eternal, not contingent, decision.
Abolish Death
Approved rendering: den Tod vernicht
Transliteration: den Toud vanicht
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 1:10 (καταργήσαντος τὸν θάνατον). Must convey decisive defeat, not mere weakening.
Incorruption
Approved rendering: Unvergänglichkeit
Transliteration: Unvergänglichkeit
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 1:10 (ἀφθαρσία). Distinguish from a generic ‘eternal life’ phrase; must retain the incorruption/non-decay nuance.
Guard
Approved rendering: behüat’n
Transliteration: behüatn
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14 (φυλάσσω). Strong positive cultural fit: ‘Gott behüt!’ is a traditional Bavarian blessing/farewell, giving this verb warm native resonance.
Deny
Approved rendering: verleugna
Transliteration: valeugna
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: casual disagreement (loses the full weight of disowning Christ himself)
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:12-13 (ἀρνέομαι). Must retain full weight; note the surrounding tension between ‘he will deny us’ and ‘he remains faithful’ should not be smoothed toward either false security or false insecurity.
Word Battle
Approved rendering: Wortgfrett
Transliteration: Woatgfrett
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: λογομαχία
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:14 (λογομαχία). Disputes over verbal technicalities with no spiritual profit; distinct from the necessary corrective confrontation of 4:2.
Empty Babble
Approved rendering: leers Gschwätz
Transliteration: leers Gschwaz
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:16 (βέβηλοι κενοφωνίαι). Must retain a sense of spiritually corrosive false teaching, not mere annoying small talk.
Vessel
Approved rendering: Gschirr
Transliteration: Gschirr
Doctrine: Sanctification and Personal Purity
Original: σκεῦος
Category: Sanctification
2 Timothy 2:20-21 (σκεῦος). Must retain the moral-purity/usefulness-to-God framing, not read as literal dish-talk.
Devil
Approved rendering: Deifi
Transliteration: Deifl
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Original: διάβολος
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:26 (διάβολος). Bavarian folk-comic, Perchten-adjacent ‘Deifi’ imagery risks softening the serious personal-spiritual-adversary sense; anchor with a modifying clause (‘da Deifi, der Feind vo Gott’).
Last Days
Approved rendering: in de letzt’n Tag
Transliteration: in de letztn Tog
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:1 (ἐν ἐσχάταις ἡμέραις). Must retain the sense that this describes the ongoing present age, not only a far-future scenario, or the urgency for present ministry is lost.
Vice List
Approved rendering: Geizhäls, Aufschneider, hochmüatig, u.a.
Transliteration: Geizhois, Aufschneida, hochmuatig, u.a.
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: borrowed Latinate catalogue (loses the idiomatic dialect rhetorical force appropriate to an oral-register Altbayern listener)
Original: φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες κτλ.
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:2-4 (φίλαυτοι, φιλάργυροι, ἀλαζόνες, κτλ., 18 items). The cumulative rhetorical force of total moral breakdown must not be lost by translating each item in isolation.
Outward Form
Approved rendering: äußere Ausschaug’n
Transliteration: äußere Ausschaugn
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσις
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:5 (μόρφωσις), paired with ‘godliness’; shares that entry’s collision risk.
Impostors
Approved rendering: Gaukler
Transliteration: Gaukla
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: γόητες
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13 (γόητες). Describes the false teachers’ character as practiced deceivers, not merely mistaken.
Jannes And Jambres
Approved rendering: Jannes und Jambres
Transliteration: Jannes und Jambres
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: Ἰάννης καὶ Ἰαμβρῆς
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:8. Proper names from extrabiblical Jewish tradition (Pharaoh’s magicians, Exodus 7), not a translation risk but a background-knowledge gap requiring an explanatory footnote.
Disqualified Re Faith
Approved rendering: ausgmustert im Glaam
Transliteration: ausgmustert im Gloam
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:8 (ἀδόκιμοι περὶ τὴν πίστιν). The false teachers fail the very test the ‘man of God’ (3:17) is meant to pass.
Deceive
Approved rendering: in d’Irr führn
Transliteration: in d’Irr fiahrn
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: πλανάω
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13 (πλανάω). Must retain doctrinal-deception sense specifically, not generic trickery.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: gerechter Richter
Transliteration: gerechta Richter
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:8 (ὁ δίκαιος κριτής). Assurance is grounded in the Judge’s perfect righteousness, not anxious merit-accumulation.
Heavenly Kingdom
Approved rendering: s’himmlische Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: s’himmlische Reich vo Gott
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἡ ἐπουράνιος
Category: Kingdom
2 Timothy 4:18 (ἡ βασιλεία αὐτοῦ ἡ ἐπουράνιος). The ultimate destination of the finished race.
Rescue Deliver
Approved rendering: aussireißn / retten
Transliteration: aussireißn / rettn
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 3:11, 4:17-18 (ῥύομαι). God’s repeated rescue of Paul grounds confidence in ultimate deliverance into the heavenly kingdom.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostl
Transliteration: Apoastl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Paul’s self-designation in 2 Timothy 1:1, grounding the authority behind the charge he gives Timothy; recurs in the threefold self-description ‘herald, apostle, teacher’ (1:11).
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahna
Transliteration: ermohna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package.] 2 Timothy 4:2 (παρακαλέω): must be kept distinct from the far stronger, formal charge verb διαμαρτύρομαι (‘beschwörn’) in the same passage (4:1) — these are not synonyms.
Equipped
Approved rendering: ausgrüst
Transliteration: ausgriast
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐξηρτισμένος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17 (ἐξηρτισμένος), reinforcing ‘recht zuagricht’ as a deliberate doubling for emphasis.
Be Ready
Approved rendering: sei parat
Transliteration: sei parat
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ἐφίστημι
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (ἐφίστημι). ‘Parat’ is a well-established Bavarian/Austrian colloquial loanword for ‘ready.‘
Patience
Approved rendering: Langmuat
Transliteration: Langmuad
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (μακροθυμία). The required manner of the sharp corrective work commanded in the same verse.
Heap Up
Approved rendering: aufhäufa
Transliteration: aufheufa
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐπισωρεύω
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3 (ἐπισωρεύω): the image of collecting many teachers reflects restless dissatisfaction.
Teacher
Approved rendering: Lehrer
Transliteration: Lehra
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: διδάσκαλος
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3 (διδάσκαλος). Requires a qualifying adjective in context (falsche Lehrer) to avoid ambiguity with legitimate teaching offices.
Turn Aside
Approved rendering: obkemma
Transliteration: obkomma
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἐκτρέπομαι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4 (ἐκτρέπομαι): wandering off into myths after rejecting truth.
Fully Carry Out
Approved rendering: voll ausfülln
Transliteration: voi ausfülln
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: πληροφορέω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5 (πληροφορέω). The letter’s closing charge for complete, faithful discharge of the pastoral office.
Reminder
Approved rendering: Erinnerung
Transliteration: Erinnerung
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ὑπόμνησις
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:5 (ὑπόμνησις). The letter itself functions as a reminder of faith already received.
Rekindle
Approved rendering: wieda auflobern lassn
Transliteration: wieda auflobern lossn
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἀναζωπυρέω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:6 (ἀναζωπυρέω), describing the gift Timothy must stir up. Vivid hearth image apt for rural Bavarian home life.
Laying On Of Hands
Approved rendering: s’Auflegn vo de Händ
Transliteration: s’Auflegn vo de Heand
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν
Category: Church
2 Timothy 1:6 (ἐπίθεσις τῶν χειρῶν). Strong positive resonance with Catholic ordination and confirmation practice.
Be Ashamed
Approved rendering: sich schama
Transliteration: se schama
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 (ἐπαισχύνομαι): Timothy and Paul both urged/modeled as not being ashamed of the gospel testimony or of imprisonment.
Illuminate
Approved rendering: ans Licht bringa
Transliteration: ans Liacht bringa
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: φωτίζω
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 1:10 (φωτίζω): life and immortality made visible/known through the gospel.
Soldier
Approved rendering: Soldat
Transliteration: Soldot
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: στρατιώτης
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:3-4 (στρατιώτης). Undivided loyalty to Christ, not entangled with civilian pursuits.
Compete Athlete
Approved rendering: bei am Wettkampf mitmacha
Transliteration: bei am Wettkampf mitmacho
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ἀθλέω
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:5 (ἀθλέω). Disciplined effort within God’s appointed rules, not self-styled shortcuts.
Farmer
Approved rendering: Bauer
Transliteration: Baua
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: γεωργός
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:6 (γεωργός). Patient, hardworking labor that precedes reward; strong positive cultural fit with rural Bavarian farming identity.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: s’Wort is zuaverlässig
Transliteration: s’Woat is zuaverlässig
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Faithful Transmission
2 Timothy 2:11 (πιστὸς ὁ λόγος), a formulaic marker introducing a reliable, memorable piece of settled apostolic teaching.
Gangrene
Approved rendering: wia a bösorticher Wuchs, der se ausbroat
Transliteration: wia a bösortiga Wuchs, der se ausbroat
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: γάγγραινα
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:17 (γάγγραινα): vividly depicts how false teaching, left unchecked, spreads and destroys the church.
Foundation
Approved rendering: Grundstoa
Transliteration: Grundstoa
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:19 (θεμέλιος): God’s foundation stands firm despite apostasy. Good cultural grounding via real Bavarian foundation-stone-laying building customs.
Gentleness
Approved rendering: Sanftmuat
Transliteration: Sanftmuad
Doctrine: Gentle Correction of Opponents
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Guarding Sound Doctrine
2 Timothy 2:25 (πραΰτης). The required manner of correcting opponents. Familiar Catholic devotional term (Beatitudes).
Snare
Approved rendering: Falln
Transliteration: Foin
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare
Original: παγίς
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:26 (παγίς). Vivid image of entrapment by the devil, good cultural grounding via rural Bavarian hunting tradition.
Difficult Times
Approved rendering: schwere Zeitn
Transliteration: schwere Zeidn
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: καιροὶ χαλεποί
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:1 (καιροὶ χαλεποί). Sets the tone for the vice list that follows.
Progress To Worse
Approved rendering: ollawei schlimmer wern
Transliteration: ollaweil schlimma wern
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: προκόπτω ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13 (προκόπτω ἐπὶ τὸ χεῖρον). Ironic use of ‘progress’ language for moral/doctrinal decline.
Departure
Approved rendering: mei Hoamgang
Transliteration: mei Hoamgang
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:6 (ἀνάλυσις). Strong positive cultural fit with the established Bavarian Catholic devotional funeral euphemism ‘Hoamgang’ (going home).
Fought Good Fight
Approved rendering: guada Kampf
Transliteration: guada Kampf
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι
Category: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:7 (τὸν καλὸν ἀγῶνα ἠγώνισμαι), reusing the athletic imagery of ch. 2.
Finished Race
Approved rendering: mei Lauf vollendet
Transliteration: mei Lauf volendet
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα
Category: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:7 (τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα). Grounds assurance in a finished task under grace.
Referenced passages