Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews — English → Bavarian
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Hebrews 1–13. Terms marked [Reused from Romans TM] carry the exact spelling and risk tier fixed in the baseline translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json and MUST NOT be altered. New Hebrews-specific terms are marked [New] and require addition to translation memory before Phase 2 begins. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s definitions (Critical/High/Medium/Low).
Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in Hebrews
| English Term | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Chapters | Status | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Gott | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 6, 7, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Unchanged |
| Jesus | Jesus | Low | 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Unchanged |
| Son of God / the Son | Sohn vo Gott | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 | Reused from Romans TM | Ch. 1’s sustained deity argument raises stakes further |
| Holy Spirit | Heiliger Geist | Medium | 2, 3, 6, 9, 10 | Reused from Romans TM | Unchanged |
| Father | Voda | Medium | 1, 12 | Reused from Romans TM | Anchors Ch. 12 discipline-as-fatherly-love framing |
| Faith | Glaam | Medium | 4, 6, 10, 11, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Consistency required across Ch. 11’s “by faith” roll-call |
| Grace | Gnad | High | 2, 4, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | ”Throne of grace” (4:16) must retain non-transactional sense |
| Salvation | Erlösung / Erlesung | High | 1, 2, 5, 6, 9 | Reused from Romans TM | Heil/Nazi-contamination caution applies identically |
| Sin | Sünd | High | 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Must retain culpable-rebellion weight, not “what a shame” drift |
| Law | Gsetz | High | 7, 8, 9, 10 | Reused from Romans TM | Contrast with oath/promise-based priesthood (Ch. 7) must be preserved |
| Covenant | Bund | High* | 7, 8, 9, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM (*risk elevated to High for Hebrews, see notes | 9:16-17 covenant/testament wordplay not reproducible in Bavarian |
| Called / Calling | beruafa / Beruafung | Medium | 3, 9, 11 | Reused from Romans TM | Unchanged |
| Holy | heilig | Medium | 2, 3, 6, 9, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Unchanged |
| Sanctification | Heiligung | Medium | 2, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Unchanged |
| Saints | Heiling | High | 6, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Ch. 12’s “cloud of witnesses” compounds this risk further |
| Church | Kirch | High | 2, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | ”Church of the firstborn” (12:23) inherits the building/Kirchweih collision |
| Fellowship | Gmoaschaft | Medium | 10, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | Ch. 10:24-25 “not neglecting to meet together” |
| Kingdom of God | s’Reich vo Gott | Medium | 12 | Reused from Romans TM | ”Unshakeable kingdom” (12:28) |
| David | David | Low | 7 | Reused from Romans TM | Via Melchizedek/priesthood-vs-Davidic-line discussion |
| Israel | Israel | Medium | 8, 11 | Reused from Romans TM | Jeremiah 31 new covenant quotation (Ch. 8) |
| Intercession | Fürbitt | High | 7, 9 | Reused from Romans TM | Christ’s heavenly appearing “for us” (9:24); Altötting Marian-intercession collision applies identically |
| Election | Erwählung | High | 11 | Reused from Romans TM | Abraham/Isaac/Jacob narrative background |
| Exhort | ermahna | Low | 3, 10, 12, 13 | Reused from Romans TM | ”Exhort/encourage one another daily” (3:13, 10:25) |
| Obedience of Faith | Gehorsam vom Glaam | High | 5, 11 | Reused from Romans TM | Christ’s learned obedience (5:8); OT saints’ obedient faith |
New Hebrews-Specific Terms
| English Term | Bavarian Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Doctrine | Grounded Reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| High Priest | Hohepriester | Hochpriester | Critical | 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 | Christ as Great High Priest | Collides with the living Bavarian parish-priest office (Pfarrer) and diocesan clerical hierarchy — the most visible daily marker of religious authority in Bavaria |
| Tabernacle / Tent | Stiftshütt | Stiftshüttn | High | 8, 9 | Superiority of Christ / New Covenant | ”Tabernakel” (the natural German cognate) is already fixed in Bavarian Catholic usage as the altar cabinet holding the reserved Host — forbidden substitution |
| Once for All | oa für ollemal | oa fia ollamoi | Critical | 7, 9, 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Sharpest collision in the book: daily/weekly Mass (s’heilige Meßopfer) creates a strong lived intuition of repeated sacrifice |
| Mediator | Mittler | Mittla | Critical | 8, 9, 12 | New Covenant / Access to God | Collides with the Catholic Marian title Mittlerin aller Gnaden, reinforced by the Altötting shrine tradition |
| Propitiation | Sühne | Sühne | Critical | 2 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Same doctrinal territory as Romans 3:25’s Critical atonement/propitiation flag; must convey God’s own initiative, not human devotional appeasement |
| Falling Away / Apostasy | Abfall vom Glaam | Obfoi vom Gloam | Critical | 6, 10, 12 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Register gap: Bavarian religious identity is communal/sacramental (baptism, Kirchensteuer membership), lacking a native category for decisive personal-faith abandonment |
| Made Perfect / Perfecter | vollenda | vollendn | High | 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12 | Christ as Great High Priest / Perseverance | Collides with the Catholic ascetic “state of perfection” (religious vows); Hebrews’ sense is Christ’s completed qualifying work, not progressive attainment |
| Without Blemish | ohne Fehl und Mackl | ohne Fehl und Mackel | High | 9 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Standard “unbefleckt” is fixed to Mary’s Immaculate Conception dogma; must avoid triggering that association for Christ’s sinlessness |
| Sprinkling | Besprengung / besprenga | Bsprengung | High | 9, 12 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Parallels the highly visible Bavarian Weihwasser (holy water) sprinkling practice; risks validating ongoing ritual rather than a fulfilled type |
| Sacrifice / Offering | Opfer | Opfa | High | 9, 10, 13 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Standard Bavarian Catholic term for the Mass itself (Meßopfer); every occurrence must be anchored to “oa für ollemal” |
| Altar | Altar | Altar | High | 13 | New Covenant / Once-for-All Sacrifice | Physically identifies the Mass-sacrifice site in every parish church; 13:10 is metaphorical (the cross), not a church furnishing |
| Cloud of Witnesses | Wolkn vo Zeugen | Wolkn vo Zeugn | High | 11, 12 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | Reinforces existing saint-veneration/intercession devotional framework rather than Hebrews’ sense of faith-exemplars to imitate |
| Forgiveness | Vergebung | Vagebung | Medium-High | 9, 10 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Processed through the lived frame of sacramental confession/absolution (Beichte) rather than a single, final basis in Christ’s blood |
| Conscience | Gwissn | Gwissa | Medium-High | 9, 10, 13 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Bavarian confession culture frames “a clean conscience” as repeatedly obtained, not once-for-all cleansed |
| Judgment | s’Gericht | s Gricht | Medium-High | 9, 10, 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Positively grounded (Last Judgment fresco tradition) but must convey personal, individual judgment, not only the communal end-times scene |
| Boldness / Confidence | Zuaversicht | Zuversicht | Medium-High | 4, 10 | Perseverance and Assurance | Must read as Christ-secured boldness, not anxious self-generated confidence paralleling votive/vow-based devotional patterns |
| New Covenant | neucher Bund | neua Bund | High | 8, 9, 12, 13 | New Covenant versus the Old | Liturgically familiar via Mass words of institution — helpful grounding but risks reduction to a liturgical phrase rather than full covenant-historical replacement |
| Redemption (ransom) | Erlösung (+ Loskauf supplement) | Loskaaf | High | 9 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Reuses baseline Erlösung; ransom/price-paid nuance needs the supplementary term Loskauf where load-bearing |
| Angels | Engel | Engl | Medium | 1, 2 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Warm Bavarian guardian-angel devotion risks softening Hebrews’ subordination argument |
| Rest | Rua | Ruah | Medium | 3, 4 | Perseverance and Assurance | Must be trust-in-finished-work rest, not calendrical Sunday-rest observance |
| Discipline | väterliche Zucht | voaterliche Zucht | Medium | 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Bavarian folk child-discipline culture risks a punitive rather than fatherly-loving frame |
| Pioneer / Founder | Anfüahrer | Anführer | Medium | 2, 12 | Christ as Great High Priest | Recurring unique christological title; must not reduce to a merely military/political leader sense |
| Confession (of faith) | Bekenntnis | Bekenntnis | Medium | 3, 4, 10 | Perseverance and Assurance | Distinguish from Beicht (sacramental confession of sins) — different word, overlapping semantic domain |
| Melchizedek | Melchisedek | Melchisedek | Low | 5, 6, 7 | Christ as Great High Priest | Stable proper name |
| Draw Near | zuwakemma | zuwakemma | Medium | 4, 7, 10, 11 | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | Authentic Bavarian directional idiom; convey confident, Christ-secured approach |
| Endurance / Perseverance | Ausdaua | Ausdauer | Medium | 10, 12 | Perseverance and Assurance | Standard term, low ambiguity beyond consistency |
| Assurance / Substance (of faith) | Gwissheit | Gwissheit | Medium | 11 | Perseverance and Assurance | Align with existing doctrine-registry phrase “d’Gwissheit vo da Erlesung” for cross-curriculum consistency |
| Conviction / Evidence | Überzeugung | Iwazeugung | Medium | 11 | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | Standard abstract term, low collision risk |
| Sacrifice of Praise | Lobopfer | Lobopfa | Low-Medium | 13 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Positive doxological extension of θυσία vocabulary; no major collision |
| Tithe | Zehnt | Zehnt | Low | 7 | Christ as Great High Priest | Historically familiar feudal/ecclesiastical concept |
| Shepherd (Great Shepherd) | groußer Hirte | Hirt | Low | 13 | Perseverance and Assurance | Positive cultural grounding via Bavarian Alpine sheep-herding tradition |
| Ashes of a heifer / goats and bulls | Aschn vo da Kuah, Bluat vo Bock und Stier | — | Low | 9 | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | Descriptive OT ritual background only |
| Copy / Antitype | a Obbild | Abbild | Medium | 9 | Superiority of Christ / New Covenant | Must convey a pointer to, not an equal alternative to, the heavenly reality |
| House (of God) | Haus | Haus | Low | 3 | Superiority of Christ over Moses | Standard term |
| Unbelief | Ungloam | Ungloam | Medium | 3 | Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | Must convey failed trust, not mere intellectual doubt, per baseline “faith” notes |
| Radiance / Exact Imprint | Herrlichkeit (reuse) / s’genaue Ebenbild | — | High | 1 | Deity of Christ (extended: Superiority over Angels) | Must preserve God’s-own-substance imaging, not mere resemblance |
| Worship (of the Son) | anbeten | anbeten | High | 1 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Reserve for divine worship; distinguish from saint/relic veneration practice |
| Heir | Erbe | Erb | Low-Medium | 1 | Superiority of Christ over Angels | Standard legal-heir vocabulary |
| Judgment / Appointed to Die Once | s’Gericht (see above) | — | Medium-High | 9 | Perseverance and Assurance | See full entry above |
Cross-Reference Consistency Requirements
Per the baseline requirements document’s Theological Consistency Rules, the following renderings must be verbatim identical across every Hebrews Phase 2 document:
- “oa für ollemal” (once for all) — every occurrence in Ch. 7, 9, 10
- “Hohepriester” — every occurrence, Ch. 4–10
- “Mittler” — every occurrence, Ch. 8, 9, 12
- “vollenda” (perfect/perfecter family) — every occurrence, Ch. 2, 5, 7, 10, 11, 12
- “Abfall vom Glaam” — every occurrence in the three major warning passages (Ch. 6, 10, 12)
- The Exodus 24:8 covenant-blood quotation in Hebrews 9:20 must match any existing Old Testament citation convention used elsewhere in the curriculum
All new terms above must be written into translation_memory.json (version incremented from the Romans baseline) and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 Hebrews segment translation begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Sohn vo Gott
Transliteration: Sohn vom Gott
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: full phrase required, conveying eternal, unique Sonship. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 1’s sustained argument for co-equal deity (1:1-4, 8-12) and 8:3, 8:29’s Sonship-of-Christ material raise the stakes further than in Romans; must never read as adoptive, honorary, or merely favored sonship.
High Priest
Approved rendering: Hohepriester
Transliteration: Hochpriester
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: Pfarrer / Priester (would collapse Christ’s unique office into the ordinary parish clergy title)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Bavarian village life centers on the ordained parish priest (Pfarrer) and diocesan hierarchy as the visible, daily embodiment of priestly authority. Every occurrence Ch.4-10 must be paired with an explicit finality clause (e.g. ‘der oanzige und letzte Hohepriester’) on first use per teaching unit; theologian review mandatory for every occurrence.
Once For All
Approved rendering: oa für ollemal
Transliteration: oa fia ollamoi
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: einmalig (too clinical/abstract), nur oamoi (too weak; could be misheard as merely ‘just once’ without the force of unrepeatability)
Original: ἐφάπαξ
Category: Atonement
NEW. The sharpest collision in the entire curriculum: the daily/weekly celebration of s’heilige Meßopfer creates a strong lived intuition of an ongoing or repeatable sacrifice. Every occurrence in Ch.7, 9, 10 requires maximal, unqualified clarity and mandatory theologian review.
Mediator
Approved rendering: Mittler
Transliteration: Mittla
Doctrine: Christ’s Unique Covenant Mediation
Rejected alternatives: Vermittler (commercial/business-transaction register, wrong tone)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
NEW. Collides with the fixed Catholic Marian title ‘Mittlerin aller Gnaden,’ reinforced by the national shrine at Altötting. Must be paired with explicit ‘alloa’ (only/alone) language wherever exclusivity is in view (8:6, 9:15, 12:24).
Propitiation
Approved rendering: Sühne
Transliteration: Suahne
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: Wiedergutmachung (implies human-offered restitution, not God’s own initiative)
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
NEW. Same doctrinal territory as the baseline’s already-Critical Romans 3:25 atonement flag. Must convey God’s own initiative in turning away his own wrath through Christ’s sacrifice, not human devotional appeasement (candles, votive offerings, pilgrimage acts).
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: Gnadnthron
Transliteration: Gnadenthron
Doctrine: Propitiation and Atonement
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Sanctuary
NEW. The golden cover of the ark (Hebrews 9:5), sharing its Greek root with ‘propitiation.’ Must be kept visibly connected to that doctrine so the OT furnishing is understood as a type Christ’s atoning work fulfills, not a self-standing ritual object.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: Abfall vom Glaam
Transliteration: Obfoi vom Gloam
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: nimmer in d’Kirch geh’ (attendance-lapse colloquialism, far too weak), Apostasie (unfamiliar double Latin/German borrowing with no lived content)
Original: παραπίπτω
Category: Apostasy
NEW. Genuine register gap: Bavarian religious identity is communal/sacramental (infant baptism, First Communion, Kirchensteuer membership) rather than a decisive personal-faith commitment that can be ‘fallen away from.’ Mandatory theologian review for every occurrence (Hebrews 6:6, and conceptually 10:26-29, 12:15-17).
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Must render as wholly unmerited and apart from any devotional transaction. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 4:16’s ‘throne of grace’ image must not carry a pilgrimage-vow or votive-offering devotional-transaction undertone; also 2:9, 10:29, 12:15, 12:28, 13:9.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk, acute in Bavaria specifically)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
‘Heil’ remains a forbidden substitution given Munich’s historical role as the Nazi movement’s headquarters. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. In Hebrews 1:14, 2:3,10, 5:9, 6:9, 9:28’s ‘save’ and ‘salvation’ vocabulary, most notably 9:28’s second-appearing-to-save climax of the core passage.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünd
Transliteration: Sind
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Must retain the weight of culpable rebellion, not the colloquial ‘a Sünd is des scho’ (‘what a shame’) drift. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Load-bearing in Hebrews 2:17, 3:13, 4:15, 9:26, 10:26, 12:1,4, 13:11.
Law
Approved rendering: Gsetz
Transliteration: Gsötz
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Catholic natural-law theology shapes reception. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. In Hebrews 7-10, the Levitical legal system is contrasted with the oath-based, permanent priesthood and covenant of Christ (esp. 7:19-22, 8:10, 10:1); the oath > law contrast must not be flattened.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heiling
Transliteration: de Heiling
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
HIGH RISK given Bavarian patron-saint/Namenstag folk piety. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 6:10, 12’s ‘cloud of witnesses’ and ‘church of the firstborn’ compound this risk further; must not collapse into canonized-saint veneration.
Church
Approved rendering: Kirch
Transliteration: Kircha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Gmoa (secular-administrative default, rejected)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Defaults overwhelmingly to the physical parish building and Kirchweih festival culture. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 12:23’s ‘church (assembly) of the firstborn enrolled in heaven’ inherits this collision at High doctrine-level risk; supplement with ‘Kirchengmoaschaft’ per baseline forbidden-substitution rule where the gathered-people sense must be unambiguous.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Fürbitt
Transliteration: Fiabitt
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἐντυγχάνω (cf. Rom 8:26) / ἔντευξις
Category: Faith
HIGH RISK: Altötting-anchored Marian/saint intercessory devotion. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Underlies Christ’s ongoing heavenly appearing ‘for us’ (Hebrews 9:24, 7:25); the Hebrews doctrine-level risk for ‘Access to God through Christ’s Blood’ is elevated to High for this same reason.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwöahlung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Primarily a register-gap risk, not a live confessional battleground in Bavarian Catholic culture. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Underlies God’s call of Abraham and the patriarchs in Hebrews 11:8-19; also 9:15.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: Gehorsam vom Glaam
Transliteration: Gehorsam vom Gloam
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ὑπακοή (cf. Rom 1:5) / ὑπήκοος
Category: Faith
Must resist reintroducing a merit-based works framework. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Applies to both Christ’s own learned obedience (Hebrews 5:8-9) and the OT saints’ obedient faith (Ch.11).
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: Stiftshütt
Transliteration: Stiftshüttn
Doctrine: New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: Tabernakel (FORBIDDEN — fixed in every Bavarian Catholic church to the altar cabinet holding the reserved Host)
Original: σκηνή
Category: Sanctuary
NEW. The wilderness tent-sanctuary of Hebrews 8-9, contrasted with the greater, heavenly, ‘not made with hands’ sanctuary. ‘Tabernakel’ is a permanently forbidden substitution for this term.
Made Perfect
Approved rendering: vollenda
Transliteration: vollendn
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: Vollkommenheit erreichen (collides with the Catholic ascetic ‘state of perfection’ tied to religious vows)
Original: τελειόω
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Used of Christ’s own completed, qualifying priestly work and believers’ definitively secured standing (2:10; 5:9; 7:19,28; 10:14; 11:40; 12:23). Consistency across every occurrence is required.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: ohne Fehl und Mackl
Transliteration: ohne Fehl und Mackel
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: unbefleckt (FORBIDDEN — fixed to Mary’s Unbefleckte Empfängnis / Immaculate Conception dogma)
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
NEW. Sacrificial-animal terminology applied to Christ’s sinless perfection (Hebrews 9:14). The colloquial dialect word ‘Mackl’ avoids the Marian-dogma collision while remaining warm and natural.
Sprinkling
Approved rendering: Besprengung
Transliteration: Bsprengung
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ῥαντισμός
Category: Access to God
NEW. Parallels the highly visible Bavarian Weihwasser (holy-water) sprinkling practice; must be anchored to fulfilled/ended OT typology (Hebrews 9:13,19-21; 12:24), not read as validating ongoing ritual sprinkling.
Sacrifice
Approved rendering: Opfer
Transliteration: Opfa
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία
Category: Atonement
NEW. The single most Mass-adjacent word in Hebrews; Bavarian Catholic vocabulary uses ‘Opfer’ as the standard term for the Mass itself (s’heilige Meßopfer). Every occurrence describing Christ’s sacrifice must be anchored with ‘oa für ollemal’ in the same or adjacent clause.
Altar
Approved rendering: Altar
Transliteration: Altar
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
NEW. In Bavarian Catholic churches ‘Altar’ is the specific physical site of the Mass sacrifice (Hochaltar, patron-saint side altars); Hebrews 13:10’s ‘we have an altar’ is metaphorical (Christ’s cross), not a church furnishing, and must be explicitly glossed as such.
Cloud Of Witnesses
Approved rendering: Wolkn vo Zeugen
Transliteration: Wolkn vo Zeugn
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: νέφος μαρτύρων
Category: Church
NEW. Hebrews 12:1’s image of the OT faith-exemplars of Ch.11. Reinforces the baseline’s already-High-risk ‘Heiling’ (saints) collision and the Catholic communion-of-saints framework; must be glossed explicitly as exemplars to imitate, not intercessors to invoke.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: Vergebung
Transliteration: Vagebung
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Atonement
NEW. Catholic confession-and-absolution culture (Beichte, Lossprechung) is the dominant lived frame for forgiveness in Bavaria; Hebrews 9:22’s ‘without the shedding of blood there is no forgiveness’ must ground all forgiveness directly and finally in the one bloodshed of Christ, not the mechanism behind the confessional.
Conscience
Approved rendering: Gwissn
Transliteration: Gwissa
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Access to God
NEW. Bavarian sacramental confession culture frames ‘a clean conscience’ as something obtained repeatedly through the confessional; Hebrews 9:14, 10:22 ground a purified conscience in a single completed act.
Judgment
Approved rendering: s’Gericht
Transliteration: s Gricht
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Positively grounded via the long Bavarian church fresco/folk-art tradition of the Last Judgment (s Jüngste Gericht), but this must be anchored with personal-pronoun language (‘jeda Mensch’) at 9:27 specifically to convey individual, not only communal, accountability.
Boldness
Approved rendering: Zuaversicht
Transliteration: Zuversicht
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: παρρησία
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Must convey a given, Christ-secured boldness (Hebrews 4:16, 10:19, 10:35), not self-generated confidence or the anxious approach some folk-devotional practice (repeated confession, votive vows) can foster; anchor explicitly to ‘durch’s Bluat vom Jesus’.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: neucher Bund
Transliteration: neua Bund
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW modifier on baseline ‘Bund’. Liturgically familiar via the Eucharistic words of institution recited at every Mass — helpful grounding, but risks reduction to a liturgy-phrase rather than the full salvation-historical replacement Hebrews 8 argues for.
Eternal Redemption
Approved rendering: ewige Erlesung
Transliteration: Loskaaf
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λύτρωσις αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Reuses baseline Erlösung (High for the Heil/Nazi-contamination reason); the ransom/price-paid commercial nuance of λύτρωσις is not fully carried by Erlösung alone (Hebrews 9:12) — supplement with ‘Loskauf’ in teaching notes where that nuance is load-bearing.
Radiance Exact Imprint
Approved rendering: s’genaue Ebenbild
Transliteration: s genaue Ebnbuidl
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ἀπαύγασμα / χαρακτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. Hebrews 1:3: the Son as the ‘radiance of God’s glory and the exact imprint of his nature.’ Must preserve the sense of Christ imaging forth God’s very substance, not a mere resemblance; ties to baseline’s Herrlichkeit (glory) entry for the radiance half.
Worship
Approved rendering: anbeten
Transliteration: aunbetn
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: verehren (venerate — used of saints/relics in Catholic practice; must be kept distinct)
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Christology
NEW. Hebrews 1:6, the angels commanded to worship the Son. Must be reserved for divine worship, carefully distinguished from venerate, given the baseline’s High-risk ‘Heiling’ (saints) entry.
Levitical Priesthood
Approved rendering: s levitische Priestertum
Transliteration: s levitische Priestertum
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
NEW. The hereditary Aaronic/Levitical priestly system (Hebrews 7:11-19, 8:1-13, 10:1-4) contrasted with Christ’s priesthood; collides with the ongoing, visible Bavarian clerical/priestly office and Mass sacrificial system, which readers may unconsciously map onto the pattern Hebrews declares obsolete.
Medium Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
‘Herrgott’ is the characteristic Bavarian/Alpine Catholic folk term for God (Herrgottswinkel); ‘Herrgott’ also risks irreverent register bleed as mild profanity. Plain ‘Gott’ remains primary. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. In Hebrews, load-bearing throughout (1:1-4, 9:11-28) since Hebrews 1 quotes OT divine-throne language directly of the Son; the doctrine-level risk for Hebrews’ Deity of Christ argument is elevated to Critical even though this bare term entry is unchanged from baseline.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Borrowed from standard German; the personal third Person of the Trinity. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. In Hebrews 9:14, the ‘eternal Spirit’ through whom Christ offered himself; also 2:4, 3:7, 6:4, 10:15.
Father
Approved rendering: Voda
Transliteration: Voter
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
From ‘Vater’ via regular Bavarian intervocalic lenition and vowel shift. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Anchors Hebrews 12:5-11’s divine-discipline passage; must retain the loving-Father frame against Bavarian folk-culture’s harsher child-discipline associations.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Personal trust in Christ, not generic folk-Catholic religiosity. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Consistency of rendering across every ‘by faith’ (πίστει) formula in Hebrews 11:4-11:38 is essential; also load-bearing in 4:2, 6:1, 10:22-23, 13:7.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Relational covenant bond; borrowed as-is from standard German. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. NOTE FOR HEBREWS: risk is functionally elevated to High for this book because Hebrews 9:16-17 depends on διαθήκη’s double Greek sense of ‘covenant’ and ‘last will/testament’ — a sense ‘Bund’ cannot carry at all. Every occurrence in Ch.7-9, 12-13 requires theologian review for this reason; see the bridge-gloss strategy required at 9:16-17 in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Context-sensitive across distinct senses. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. In Hebrews 9:15, those called to receive the eternal inheritance; in Hebrews 3:1, 11:8, God’s call to Abraham and believers generally.
Calling
Approved rendering: Beruafung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Shares standard German’s career-vocation homonym collision. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Referenced in Hebrews 3:1 (‘heavenly calling’) alongside baseline sense.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Set apart for God and morally pure. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Foundational to Hebrews’ ‘holy places’ (τὰ ἅγια) and ‘sanctifies’ (ἁγιάζω) vocabulary throughout Ch.9-10, and to 12:14’s ‘pursue holiness.‘
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 12:14, ‘without which no one will see the Lord’; also 10:10,14, 13:12.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Gmoaschaft
Transliteration: Gemoaschoft
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Built on the dialect root ‘Gmoa’ (municipality); real risk of secular-administrative default. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Underlies Hebrews 10:24-25’s ‘not neglecting to meet together’ and 13:1’s brotherly love.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: des Reich vom Gott
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
God’s sovereign reign, distinguished from any political kingdom. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 12:28’s ‘unshakeable kingdom’ believers are receiving.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Contemporary political sensitivity applies identically. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Addressee of the Jeremiah 31 new-covenant promise quoted in Hebrews 8, and the wilderness generation of Hebrews 3-4.
Angels
Approved rendering: Engel
Transliteration: Engl
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Christology
NEW. Bavarian Alpine Catholic folk piety’s intense, warm guardian-angel devotional tradition (Schutzengel prayers, roadside imagery) risks softening Hebrews 1’s polemical subordination point (created ‘ministering spirits,’ 1:14, vs. the worshiped Son).
Rest
Approved rendering: Rua
Transliteration: Ruah
Doctrine: God’s Rest and Sabbath Typology
Rejected alternatives: Sonntagsruhe-only framing (too narrowly calendrical/legal)
Original: κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Must convey the theological Sabbath-rest of ceased striving/trust in God’s finished work (Hebrews 3:11,18; 4:1-11), not merely a pleasant break from labor nor a purely calendrical Sunday-rest obligation.
Discipline
Approved rendering: väterliche Zucht
Transliteration: voaterliche Zucht
Doctrine: Divine Discipline as Fatherly Love
Original: παιδεία
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Bavarian rural culture’s own strong folk category of firm, sometimes physically strict child discipline (‘a gsunde Watschn’) risks a punitive frame; Hebrews 12:5-11 must retain the loving-Father framing, anchored explicitly to ‘Voda’ in the same sentence.
Pioneer
Approved rendering: Anfüahrer
Transliteration: Anführer
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
NEW. A unique christological title (Hebrews 2:10, 12:2, ‘pioneer and perfecter of faith’); must not be reduced to a merely military/political leader sense, and must show continuity of rendering across both occurrences.
Confession
Approved rendering: Bekenntnis
Transliteration: Bekenntnis
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: Beicht (different word — the sacramental confession of sins to a priest; do not conflate)
Original: ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
NEW. ‘Apostle and high priest of our confession’ (3:1); ‘hold fast our confession’ (4:14, 10:23). Must be distinguished from ‘Beicht’ despite the overlapping semantic domain of ‘confessing.‘
Draw Near
Approved rendering: zuwakemma
Transliteration: zuwakemma
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: προσέρχομαι
Category: Access to God
NEW. A naturally warm, authentic Bavarian directional-motion idiom (zuwa = ‘hither/toward here’), well-suited to convey confident, Christ-secured approach to God (Hebrews 4:16, 7:25, 10:22, 11:6).
Endurance
Approved rendering: Ausdaua
Transliteration: Ausdauer
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Standard abstract term for remaining under pressure (Hebrews 10:36, 12:1); low ambiguity beyond consistency.
Assurance
Approved rendering: Gwissheit
Transliteration: Gwissheit
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
NEW. Hebrews 11:1, faith as the ‘assurance of things hoped for.’ Align with the existing doctrine-registry phrase ‘d’Gwissheit vo da Erlesung’ for cross-curriculum consistency.
Conviction
Approved rendering: Überzeugung
Transliteration: Iwazeugung
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: ἔλεγχος
Category: Faith
NEW. Hebrews 11:1, faith as the ‘conviction of things not seen.’ Kept as a distinct entry from ‘assurance’ per KJV/modern-version translation-philosophy split; do not collapse the two into a single vaguer term.
Copy Antitype
Approved rendering: a Obbild
Transliteration: Abbild
Doctrine: New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Sanctuary
NEW. Hebrews 9:24, the earthly sanctuary as a copy of the heavenly. Must convey a pointer to, not an equally valid alternative access point to, the heavenly reality.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: Ungloam
Transliteration: Ungloam
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Faith
NEW. Direct negative of baseline ‘Glaam.’ Hebrews 3:12,19, the wilderness generation’s failed trust; must read as failed trust, not mere intellectual doubt.
Blood
Approved rendering: Bluat
Transliteration: Bluad
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
NEW. The physical substance standing metonymically for a life given in sacrificial death; central to Hebrews 9:11-28’s argument. Term itself stable; doctrinal weight is carried by the accompanying ‘once for all’ and ‘sprinkling’ vocabulary.
Holy Places
Approved rendering: s’Heiligtum
Transliteration: s Hoiligtum
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια
Category: Sanctuary
NEW. The Most Holy Place / heavenly sanctuary itself (Hebrews 9:12,24-25); builds on baseline’s ‘heilig’ entry.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: doude Werk
Transliteration: doude Werch
Doctrine: Sanctification and Holy Living
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Works that lead to death or are spiritually lifeless (Hebrews 9:14, 6:1), contrasted with serving the living God; guard against a moralistic ‘bad deeds’ flattening — includes outwardly religious works done apart from Christ.
Oath
Approved rendering: Schwur
Transliteration: Schwua
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
NEW. A sworn guarantee (Hebrews 6:16-17, 7:20-21); the oath-vs-law contrast establishing the permanence of Christ’s priesthood is doctrinally load-bearing and must not be flattened.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: ewige Erbschaft
Transliteration: ewige Erbschoft
Doctrine: Eternal Inheritance and Adoption
Original: κληρονομία αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. The eternal inheritance secured for those called (Hebrews 9:15); connects to baseline’s Kindschaft doctrine, must convey full inheritance rights, not a lesser or provisional share.
Sympathize
Approved rendering: mitleidn
Transliteration: mitleidn
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
NEW. Hebrews 4:15’s high priest who ‘sympathizes’ with our weaknesses; a helpful warm pastoral counterweight to the Critical ‘Hohepriester’ collision risk.
Spiritual Maturity
Approved rendering: de Reifen
Transliteration: de Roafn
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
NEW. Gr. τέλειος (mature/complete) contrasted with milk-drinking infants (Hebrews 5:12-14, ‘Milli und feste Speis’); consistency with the ‘vollenda’ (τελειόω) family is required.
Leaders
Approved rendering: d’Führa / de Voasteher
Transliteration: de Voasteha
Doctrine: Christian Ethics and Conduct
NEW. Hebrews 13:7,17,24’s ἡγούμενοι; risk of unclarified resonance with the existing Bavarian Catholic clerical-obedience structure — should be framed as spiritual-elder oversight, not blind institutional deference.
Low Risk Terms
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Stable; pronounced with regionally typical vowel quality but not a distinct written form. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Used throughout Hebrews (2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 10, 12, 13); note the Hebrews bible_term_registry elevates this term’s registry-level risk to Critical given Hebrews 1’s sustained deity argument surrounding the name, though the bare rendering itself is unchanged.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: דָּוִד
Category: Covenant
Standard proper name form. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Referenced in Hebrews 7 by contrast with the Melchizedekian, non-Davidic, non-Levitical priesthood of Christ.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahna
Transliteration: ermohna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Context-sensitive between admonishing and encouraging senses. Inherited from Romans package unchanged. Hebrews 3:13 ‘exhort one another every day,’ 10:25 ‘encouraging one another,’ 13:22.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Melchisedek
Transliteration: Melchisedek
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Priest-king of Salem (Genesis 14), the OT type of Christ’s superior, non-Levitical priesthood (Hebrews 5-7). Stable proper-name transliteration.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: Lobopfer
Transliteration: Lobopfa
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Worship
NEW. Doxological, non-atoning ‘sacrifice’ of thanksgiving and confession (Hebrews 13:15); positive extension of the θυσία vocabulary into a non-collision doxological sense.
Tithe
Approved rendering: Zehnt
Transliteration: Zehnt
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: δεκάτη
Category: Priesthood
NEW. Abraham’s tithe to Melchizedek (Hebrews 7:2-9); historically familiar via Bavaria’s own feudal/ecclesiastical tithing history.
Shepherd
Approved rendering: groußer Hirte
Transliteration: Hirt
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Christology
NEW. Hebrews 13:20, ‘the great Shepherd of the sheep.’ Genuinely positive cultural grounding via Bavaria’s Alpine/rural sheep-herding culture.
House Of God
Approved rendering: Haus
Transliteration: Haus
Doctrine: Superiority of Christ over Moses
Original: οἶκος
Category: Church
NEW. God’s household/people (Hebrews 3:2-6), Moses a servant in the house, Christ the builder over it.
Heir
Approved rendering: Erbe
Transliteration: Erb
Doctrine: Eternal Inheritance and Adoption
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Hebrews 1:2, the Son ‘appointed heir of all things’; 6:17, believers as heirs of the promise.
Priestly Order
Approved rendering: Ordnung
Transliteration: Ordnung
Doctrine: Melchizedekian Priesthood
NEW. Gr. τάξις, ‘arrangement, rank’ — the ‘order’ of Melchizedek’s priesthood (Hebrews 5:6,10; 7:11).
Vessels Of Ministry
Approved rendering: s’Gschirr für’n Dienst
Transliteration: s Gschia fürn Dienst
Doctrine: New Covenant versus the Old
NEW. Descriptive Levitical background detail (Hebrews 9:21); low risk.
Devil
Approved rendering: Teufl
Transliteration: Deife
Doctrine: Humanity and Solidarity of Christ
NEW. Hebrews 2:14; stable, well-established folk-devotional term.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: Gastfreindschaft
Transliteration: Gastfreindschoft
Doctrine: Christian Ethics and Conduct
NEW. Hebrews 13:2, φιλοξενία; genuine positive Bavarian rural resonance, no significant collision risk.
Referenced passages