Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Luke 1–24
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire Gospel of Luke. Terms already established in the Romans-curriculum baseline are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and must never be re-derived or respelled. Terms newly introduced for the Luke curriculum are marked [NEW] and must be added to translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json at the start of Phase 2 with the risk tiers and notes given here, following the same register-gap and phonological-pattern conventions the baseline established.
Section 1 — Baseline Terms Reused in Luke
| Term (EN) | Bavarian (exact, from baseline) | Risk (baseline) | Key Luke Passages | Luke-Specific Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel / good news | Evangelium | Medium | 1:19; 2:10; 3:18; 4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1 | Verb form εὐαγγελίζομαι recurs far more densely in Luke than in Romans; consistently target the poor/marginalized (4:18). |
| grace | Gnad | High | 1:30; 2:40,52; 4:19 (compound “Gnadenjahr”) | Underlies the new Jubilee compound term “s’Gnadenjahr vom Herrn.” |
| faith | Glaam | Medium | 5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32 | Consistently the channel of both healing and salvation announcements. |
| righteousness | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | 1:75; 23:47 | Centurion’s confession at the cross (23:47) uses the δίκαιος root. |
| justification | Rechtfertigung | Critical | 18:14 | Direct narrative illustration of Romans’ justification-by-faith doctrine (tax collector’s prayer). |
| salvation | Erlösung | High | 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 19:9-10; 19:11 (deliverance echoes) | Nazi-era “Heil” caution applies identically in Luke; never substitute. |
| apostle | Apostl | Low | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 | Formal naming of the Twelve occurs at 6:13. |
| called / calling | beruafa / Beruafung | Medium/High | (conceptually present throughout the discipleship-call narratives 5:1-11, 9:57-62, though Luke favors ἀκολουθέω/“follow” over κλητός vocabulary) | Note: Luke’s discipleship-call language is dominated by the NEW term “follow” (ἀκολουθέω) rather than the Romans-style κλητός/κλῆσις vocabulary; do not force these baseline terms where Luke’s Greek does not use them. |
| holy | heilig | Medium | 1:15,35,41,49,67,72; 2:23,25; 11:2 | Lord’s Prayer petition “hallowed be your name” (11:2). |
| holy spirit | Heiliger Geist | Medium | 1:15,35,41,67,80; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:12; 24:49 | Structurally central to the doctrine “Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History,” present from before Jesus’ birth to the ascension. |
| father | Voda | Medium | 2:49; 6:36; 10:21-22; 11:2,13; 12:30,32; 15:12-32; 22:42; 23:34,46 | The Lord’s Prayer and Gethsemane both anchor “Prayer and Dependence on God” through this term. |
| church | Kirch | High | (not literally present in Luke’s Gospel narrative itself — ἐκκλησία is absent from Luke, appearing first in Acts) | Note: unlike Romans, Luke’s Gospel narrative does not use ἐκκλησία; the term is reserved for the Acts sequel. Do not introduce “Kirch” into Luke Gospel translation segments where the Greek does not warrant it. |
| kingdom of God | s’Reich vo Gott | Medium | 4:43; 6:20; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,27,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:2,20; 12:31-32; 13:18-29; 14:15; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-30; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-30; 23:42 | The single most frequent theological term in Luke; the “present/future” tension (esp. 17:20-21) is a MAJOR doctrinal focus not fully developed at the same intensity in Romans. |
| law | Gsetz | High | 2:22-27,39; 5:17; 10:26; 16:16-17,29-31; 24:44 | Reinforces baseline’s Thomistic natural-law-adjacent Catholic reception risk. |
| sin | Sünd | High | 1:77; 3:3; 5:8,20-24,30,32; 7:37-49; 11:4; 13:2; 15:1-2,7,10,18,21; 17:3-4; 18:13; 19:7; 24:47 | Given how frequently Luke pairs “sin” with “forgiveness” and “sinner,” the colloquial-trivialization risk flagged in the baseline is especially acute across this book. |
| gentiles | Heiden | Medium | 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 (“all nations”) | Ties directly to “light for revelation to the Gentiles” (2:32) and the Great Commission (24:47) — both doctrinal keystones for “Savior for All Nations.” |
| glory | Herrlichkeit | Medium | 2:9,14,32; 9:26,31-32; 21:27; 24:26 | Transfiguration (9:31-32) and the Emmaus disciples’ “did not the Christ have to suffer these things and enter into his glory” (24:26) both use this term. |
| messiah / christ | Messias | Medium | 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46 | The core passage itself (4:18, “anointed me”) is the verbal root of this title. |
| prophet | Prophet | Low | 1:76; 4:17,24,27; 7:16,26,39; 9:8,19; 11:47-50; 13:33-34; 16:16,29,31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27,44 | Isaiah, named explicitly in the core passage (4:17), anchors the whole prophetic-fulfillment theme. |
| prophecy | Weissogung | Low | (implicit throughout fulfillment passages, e.g. 4:21; 24:44) | — |
| covenant | Bund | Medium | 1:72; 22:20 | Zechariah’s covenant-oath (1:72) and the Last Supper’s “new covenant” (22:20) bracket the whole Gospel. |
| election | Erwählung | High | 9:35 (“my Chosen One,” ἐκλελεγμένος) | Same register-gap risk as the baseline: a borrowed abstraction with little lived Bavarian Catholic devotional content behind it. |
| intercession | Fürbitt | High | (not directly present in Luke’s Gospel narrative in the Romans 8 sense; prayer vocabulary in Luke is dominated by the NEW term “prayer”/Bet’n rather than Fürbitt specifically) | Note for Phase 2: do not force “Fürbitt” onto ordinary Lucan prayer passages where the Greek is simply προσευχή, not a specific intercessory-prayer term; reserve “Fürbitt” for genuinely intercessory contexts. |
| providence | Vorsehung | Medium | (thematically present in the “all things work together”-adjacent trust-in-God passages, e.g. 12:6-7,22-31, though not a fixed lexical match) | — |
| mission | Mission | Medium | 9:1-6; 10:1-16; 24:47-49 | The sending of the Twelve, the Seventy-Two, and the Great Commission all reinforce this term. |
| david | David | Low | 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | — |
| israel | Israel | Medium | 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 24:21 | Simeon’s “consolation of Israel” (2:25) and “light to the Gentiles” (2:32) are placed side by side, requiring careful handling of the Israel/Gentile relationship per the baseline’s post-Holocaust sensitivity note. |
| jesus | Jesus | Low | throughout | — |
| god | Gott | Medium | throughout | — |
| abba | Abba | Medium | (not directly present in Luke’s Gospel narrative; Luke’s Gethsemane account uses πάτερ, not the Aramaic Abba retained in Mark 14:36) | Note for Phase 2: do not import “Abba” into Luke 22:42 where the Greek itself does not use it; reserve for passages that actually transliterate it. |
| exhort | ermahna | Low | 3:18 | John’s preaching “with many other words he exhorted the people” (3:18). |
| seed of david | Nachkomme vom David | Medium | 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11 (implicit, davidic descent of Jesus and Joseph) | — |
Section 2 — New Terms Introduced for the Luke Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Doctrine Category | Risk | Greek Original | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Key Passages | Rationale / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| anointed / anointing | Messianic Promise / Savior for All | χρίω / χρῖσμα | chriō / chrisma | High | hat mi gsalbt / Gsalbung | 4:18 | Bavarian Catholic sacramental anointing (Krankensalbung, Chrism at Firmung/baptism) risks defaulting readers to a ritual/devotional sense rather than Jesus’ unique messianic commissioning; context must disambiguate. |
| poor | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | πτωχός | ptōchos | High | de Oarma | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | Central doctrinal term for the whole curriculum; risk of unwarranted spiritualization away from Luke’s literal economic referent. |
| captives | Liberation / Jubilee | αἰχμάλωτος | aichmalōtos | Medium | de Gfangana | 4:18 | Part of the Jubilee cluster; low ambiguity beyond consistency. |
| release / liberty (Jubilee sense) | Liberation / Jubilee | ἄφεσις (liberation sense) | aphesis | High | Freilassung / Befreiung | 4:18 | Same Greek noun as “forgiveness of sins” below — must be tracked across the whole book so the theological connection between social liberation and sin-forgiveness is not lost. |
| forgiveness of sins | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | aphesis hamartiōn | Critical | Vergebung vo de Sünd | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 24:47 | Doctrinal keystone term; must be rendered identically at every occurrence, especially the Great Commission capstone (24:47) and the core-passage echo (4:18). |
| acceptable year of the Lord / Jubilee | Kingdom Present & Future / Good News to Poor | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | eniautos Kyriou dektos | High | s’Gnadenjahr vom Herrn | 4:19 | Requires explicit OT (Leviticus 25) background teaching; low native OT-literacy risk without cross-reference. |
| fulfilled | Fulfillment of Prophecy | πληρόω | plēroō | Medium | erfüllt (worn) | 4:21; 24:44 | Register-gap borrowed term, consistent with baseline pattern. |
| Son of Man | Christology | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | Critical | Menschensohn | 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7 | Must never be flattened to “a human being”; carries paradoxical humility-and-divine-authority weight. Must be rendered identically at all occurrences. |
| repentance | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | metanoia / metanoeō | Critical | Umkehr | 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | ”Buß” (Catholic sacramental-penance term) explicitly rejected as primary rendering — risks collapsing whole-life reorientation into a single penitential ritual act. |
| baptism | Repentance / Preparatory Rite | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | baptisma / baptizō | High | Taufe / taufn | 3:3,7,12,16,21 | Must be distinguished from full later Christian sacramental baptismal theology; John’s baptism is preparatory. |
| disciple | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | μαθητής | mathētēs | Medium | Jünger | throughout (e.g. 5:30; 6:13,17,20; 9:1,14,16; 10:23; 12:1,22; 14:26-33; 19:29,37,39; 22:11,39,45) | Register-gap borrowed term; do not invent a false-native alternative. |
| follow | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | ἀκολουθέω | akoloutheō | Medium | nachfolgn | 5:11,27-28; 9:23,57-62; 18:22,28 | Committed allegiance, not casual accompaniment. |
| cross (discipleship sense, pre-crucifixion) | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | σταυρός | stauros | Medium | Kreuz | 9:23; 14:27 | Well-grounded via Bavarian Kreuzweg devotional tradition; retain costly-suffering weight, not mere devotional symbol. |
| deny oneself | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | ἀπαρνέομαι | aparneomai | Medium | si selm verleugna | 9:23; 22:34,61 | Radical self-renunciation, not modest self-denial. |
| joy / rejoice | Cost and Joy of Discipleship / Repentance | χαρά / χαίρω | chara / chairō | Medium | Freid / si freun | 1:14; 2:10; 6:23; 10:17,20; 15:7,10,23,32; 19:6,37; 24:41,52 | Heaven’s own joy over repentance, not generic happiness; structural bracket across whole Gospel (2:10 ↔ 24:52). |
| compassion | Jesus’ Compassion | σπλαγχνίζομαι | splanchnizomai | Medium | Erbarmen / si derbarma | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | Well-grounded via liturgical “Herr, erbarm dich” (Kyrie eleison); retain visceral depth. |
| mercy | Jesus’ Compassion | ἔλεος / ἐλεέω | eleos / eleeō | Medium | Barmherzigkeit | 1:50,54,58,72,78; 10:37; 17:13; 18:38-39 | Covenantal kindness toward the lowly, structural refrain of Magnificat/Benedictus. |
| Savior | Savior for All Nations and People | σωτήρ | sōtēr | High | Heiland | 1:47; 2:11 | Traditional, uncontaminated Bavarian Christmas/devotional word; requires vigilance re: near-homophone relationship to the rejected “Heil” abstract noun. |
| Most High | Deity of God the Father | ὕψιστος | hypsistos | Medium | da Allerhöchste | 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28 | Divine transcendence title. |
| virgin | Incarnation | παρθένος | parthenos | Medium | Jungfrau | 1:27 | Must retain miraculous, non-natural conception; well-grounded in orthodox Catholic Marian devotion. |
| overshadow | Incarnation / Holy Spirit’s Work | ἐπισκιάζω | episkiazō | High | überschattn | 1:35; 9:34 | Must avoid pagan divine-impregnation-myth parallels; preserves uniqueness of biblical incarnation. |
| blessed | Good News to the Poor / Kingdom | μακάριος | makarios | High | saalig | 1:45,48; 6:20-22; 7:23; 11:28; 14:14-15 | Collides with the official Catholic beatification title “der/die Selige”; requires explicit contextual glossing to avoid the canonization-adjacent default reading (parallel risk to baseline’s “saints”). |
| woe | Kingdom Reversal / Judgment | οὐαί | ouai | Low-Medium | Wehe | 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52 | Paired antithetically with “blessed.” |
| rich | Savior for Rich and Poor | πλούσιος | plousios | Medium | de Reichn | 6:24; 12:16; 14:12; 16:1,19,21; 18:23,25; 19:2 | Not moralistic anti-wealth reading; warns against self-sufficient wealth. |
| love (self-giving) | Ethics of the Kingdom | ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη | agapaō / agapē | Medium | Liab / liabn | 6:27-36 | Distinguish from casual affection (“gern ham”). |
| centurion | Savior for Jew and Gentile | ἑκατοντάρχης | hekatontarchēs | Low-Medium | Hauptmann | 7:2-10; 23:47 | Gentile-faith exemplar, bookended at the cross. |
| raised (temporary restoration) | Compassion / distinct from Resurrection doctrine | ἐγείρω | egeirō | Medium | aufweckn | 7:14-15; 8:54-55 | Must be kept lexically distinct from [BASELINE Aufersteh’ng], reserved for Christ’s unique eschatological resurrection. |
| leper | Good News to the Marginalized | λεπρός | lepros | Medium | Aussätzige | 5:12-14; 7:22; 17:12 | Retains both physical affliction and social-exclusion sense. |
| tax collector | Table Fellowship / Marginalized | τελώνης | telōnēs | Medium | Zöllner | 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2 | Socially despised occupational class; not a neutral job title. |
| sinner | Table Fellowship | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlos | Medium | Sünder | 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 | Same trivialization risk documented for baseline “Sünd.” |
| parable | Kingdom Teaching | παραβολή | parabolē | Low | Gleichnis | 5:36; 6:39; 8:4-15; 12:16; 13:6; 14:7; 15:3; 18:1,9; 19:11; 20:9,19; 21:29 | Primary teaching genre for the kingdom. |
| word of God | Inspiration of Scripture | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | ho logos tou theou | Medium | s’Wort vo Gott | 5:1; 8:11,15,21; 11:28 | Ties to baseline’s inspiration-of-scripture doctrine. |
| authority | Kingdom Present / Christology | ἐξουσία | exousia | Medium | Vollmacht | 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2,8,20; 22:53 | Legitimate delegated power, embodied sign of kingdom’s in-breaking. |
| devil / Satan | Spiritual Conflict | διάβολος / σατανᾶς | diabolos / satanas | Medium | Teifl / Satan | 4:1-13; 10:18; 11:18; 22:3,31 | Avoid folkloric trivialization given Bavarian Alpine devil-mask/Perchten traditions. |
| demon / unclean spirit | Spiritual Conflict / Compassion | δαιμόνιον / πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον | daimonion / pneuma akatharton | High | Dämon / unreiner Geist | 4:33-36,41; 8:2,27-33,38; 9:1,39,42; 11:14-26; 13:32 | Parallel folk-Catholic collision risk to baseline’s “saints”/“intercession”: Bavarian folk-exorcism/superstition traditions could trivialize or over-literalize this. |
| heal / healing | Jesus’ Compassion / Kingdom Present | θεραπεύω / ἰάομαι | therapeuō / iaomai | High | heiln | 4:23,40; 5:15,17; 6:7,18-19; 7:7,21; 8:2,43,47; 9:2,6,11,42; 10:9; 13:14; 14:3-4; 17:15; 22:51 | Shares root family with the rejected “Heil” (salvation, Nazi-contaminated); “heilen” itself is uncontaminated in ordinary usage but requires case-by-case vigilance, especially where healing symbolizes fuller salvation. |
| temptation | Prayer and Dependence on God | πειρασμός | peirasmos | Medium | Versuchung | 4:2,13; 8:13; 11:4; 22:40,46 | Full moral-testing weight, not trivial everyday enticement. |
| Samaritan | Savior for All Nations/People | Σαμαρίτης | Samaritēs | Medium | Samaritaner | 9:52; 10:33; 17:11-19 | Despised ethnic-religious “other”; requires cultural-background framing. |
| neighbor | Ethics of the Kingdom | πλησίον | plēsion | Low-Medium | da Nächste | 10:27,29,36 | Redefined by the Good Samaritan to include all in need. |
| eternal life | Kingdom Present and Future | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | High | s’ewige Lebn | 10:25; 18:18,30 | Must be harmonized with baseline’s “Aufersteh’ng”; avoid vague folk-afterlife notion. |
| kingdom of God has come near | Kingdom Present and Future | ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | ēngiken hē basileia tou theou | High | s’Reich vo Gott is nah zu enk kemma | 10:9,11; 21:31 | ”Already” dimension of the kingdom; must not collapse the “not yet.” |
| daily bread | Prayer and Dependence on God | ἐπιούσιος (ἄρτος) | epiousios (artos) | Low-Medium | sei täglich’s Brot | 11:3 | Well-grounded via the familiar “Vater unser” prayer. |
| Pharisee | Table Fellowship / Conflict | Φαρισαῖος | Pharisaios | Low-Medium | Pharisäer | 5:17-6:11; 7:36-50; 11:37-53; 14:1-14; 15:1-2; 18:9-14 | Not uniformly villainous in Luke; textured portrayal. |
| worry / anxious | Prayer and Dependence on God | μεριμνάω | merimnaō | Medium | sorgn | 10:41; 12:11,22-26; 21:34 | Trustful dependence, not passive fatalism. |
| hell / Gehenna | Judgment | γέεννα | geenna | Medium | Hölle | 12:5 | Distinguish where possible from Hades (below). |
| kingdom banquet, all nations | Savior for All Nations / Kingdom Future / Table Fellowship | (ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν…) ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ | (apo anatolōn…) en tē basileia tou theou | High | ausn Osten und Westn, Nordn und Sidn… im Reich vo Gott | 13:29 | Universal scope must match Simeon’s “light to the Gentiles” (2:32) in force. |
| poor, crippled, blind, lame (banquet guests) | Good News to Poor / Table Fellowship | πτωχοί, ἀνάπειροι, χωλοί, τυφλοί | ptōchoi, anapeiroi, chōloi, typhloi | High | de Oarma, de Krüppe, de Lahme, de Blinde | 14:13,21 | Real social stigma must be retained, not euphemized. |
| Hades | Judgment / Afterlife | ᾍδης | Hadēs | High | Totnreich | 10:15; 16:23 | Distinct from Gehenna/Hölle; risk of collapsing both into one folk-notion of “hell.” |
| mammon | Savior for Rich and Poor | μαμωνᾶς | mamōnas | Low-Medium | Mammon | 16:9,11,13 | Idolatrous rival to God; low confusion risk, already familiar loanword. |
| kingdom of God is in your midst | Kingdom Present and Future | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστίν | entos hymōn hē basileia tou theou estin | High | s’Reich vo Gott is mittn unter enk | 17:20-21 | Genuinely ambiguous Greek; corporate “in your midst” preferred over individualistic-interior reading; flag per ambiguity-handling protocol. |
| justified (narrative) | Justification by Faith (direct Romans-baseline convergence) | δεδικαιωμένος | dedikaiōmenos | Critical | is grechtfertigt hoamganga | 18:14 | Must use exact baseline “Rechtfertigung” term family for curriculum-wide consistency with Romans. |
| propitiatory mercy | Atonement/Propitiation | ἱλάσκομαι | hilaskomai | Medium-High | erbarm di über mi | 18:13 | Atonement-toned nuance distinct from generic ἔλεος-mercy; parallels baseline’s Romans 3:25 propitiation flag. |
| Son of Man came to seek and save the lost | Christology / Salvation / Marginalized (capstone) | ἦλθεν ζητῆσαι καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός | ēlthen zētēsai kai sōsai to apolōlos | Critical | da Menschensohn is kemma, dass er’s Valorne suacht und rett | 19:10 | Densest single-verse doctrinal convergence point in the book. |
| today salvation has come to this house | Savior for All / capstone echo of core passage | σήμερον σωτηρία … ἐγένετο | sēmeron sōtēria egeneto | Critical | heit is de Erlesung in des Haus kemma | 19:9 | Must echo core passage’s “heit” (4:21) exactly. |
| new covenant in body and blood | Atonement / Eucharist (NOT in Romans baseline) | τὸ σῶμά μου / τὸ αἷμά μου / ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη | to sōma mou / to haima mou / hē kainē diathēkē | Critical | mei Leib / mei Bluat / da neiche Bund | 22:19-20 | Highest-stakes new doctrinal territory for this curriculum: collides directly with intensely-held Bavarian Eucharistic devotion (Fronleichnam/Corpus Christi processions); mandatory human theologian review for every occurrence. |
| paradise | Repentance / Marginalized / Savior for All (capstone) | παράδεισος | paradeisos | Medium | Paradies | 23:43 | Immediate blessed presence with Christ, not a vague generic “heaven.” |
| witnesses | Mission to the Nations | μάρτυρες | martyres | Low-Medium | Zeugn | 24:48 | Foundation of the church’s ongoing proclamation. |
| repentance for forgiveness of sins to all nations | Repentance / Forgiveness / Savior for All Nations (Great Commission capstone) | μετάνοιαν εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | metanoian eis aphesin hamartiōn eis panta ta ethnē | Critical | Umkehr zur Vergebung vo de Sünd… bei alle Heiden | 24:47 | Structural bookend to the core passage (4:18-19); must reuse all component terms exactly as established. |
Section 3 — Risk Summary (New Luke Terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 9 | Human theologian review mandatory for every occurrence |
| High | 15 | Human theologian review mandatory |
| Medium | 25 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low / Low-Medium | 9 | Automated review sufficient, native-speaker spelling spot-check per dialect-orthography rule |
Note: as with the Romans baseline, every term in this glossary additionally requires native-speaker dialect review for spelling and register plausibility regardless of doctrinal risk tier, given Bavarian’s lack of standardized orthography.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Zechariah’s prophecy (1:75) and the centurion’s confession at the cross (23:47); register-gap borrowed term, no native dialect coinage.
Justification
Approved rendering: Rechtfertigung
Transliteration: Rechtfertigung
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαίωσις / δεδικαιωμένος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 18:14’s tax-collector parable is the Gospel’s clearest narrative illustration of justification by faith apart from merit; render ‘is grechtfertigt hoamganga.‘
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk, acute in Bavaria specifically)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The Nazi-era ‘Heil’ contamination caution applies identically in Luke; occurs at 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 19:9-10.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Aufersteh’ng
Transliteration: Auferstehung
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier raised to Critical for Luke: Christ’s own resurrection (9:22; 18:33; 20:27-40; ch.24) must be kept lexically distinct from Luke’s temporary-restoration miracles, which use ‘aufweckn’ instead.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout, including the core-passage combination ‘da Geist vom Herrn’ (4:18) and the Davidic riddle of 20:41-44.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Sohn vo Gott
Transliteration: Sohn vom Gott
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Invoked at the Annunciation (1:32,35), the baptism (3:22), and the Transfiguration (9:35).
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Menschwerdung
Transliteration: Menschwerdung
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier raised to Critical for Luke given the Annunciation/Nativity narratives (1:26-38; 2:1-20) directly enact this doctrine, not merely reference it.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Messias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / Μεσσίας
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier raised to Critical for Luke: the core passage’s verbal root (‘anointed me,’ 4:18) is this title’s origin; occurs at 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Stable throughout all 24 chapters; treated Critical here consistent with the Luke-curriculum bible_term_registry.json’s risk tier for this proper name.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Herrgott’ reserved for culturally warm, folk-devotional contexts only, per the baseline’s mild-profanity caution; plain ‘Gott’ remains the primary term.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier raised to Critical for Luke: structurally central from before Jesus’ birth (1:15,35,41,67,80) through his empowered ministry (3:22; 4:1,14,18) to the ascension promise (24:49); must remain an active, personal divine Person, not an impersonal force.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: Vergebung vo de Sünd
Transliteration: Vergebung vo de Sind
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Salvation
New term, doctrinal keystone. Must be rendered identically at every occurrence (1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 24:47), especially the Great Commission capstone and the core-passage echo (4:18). Cross-reference to the Jubilee-liberation sense (‘release_liberty’) so the two senses remain traceable to one another.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Menschensohn
Transliteration: Menschnsohn
Doctrine: Son of Man Christology
Rejected alternatives: Menschnbua (folksy dialect gloss, rejected — trivializes the title)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,58; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7. A borrowed standard-German compound with no folk-devotional referent at all in ordinary Bavarian Catholic life — a pure register-gap risk. Must never be flattened to ‘a human being’; must be rendered identically at every occurrence.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Umkehr
Transliteration: Umkeahr
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: Buß (Catholic sacramental-penance term, explicitly rejected as primary rendering — risks collapsing whole-life reorientation into a single ritual act performed for absolution)
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Salvation
New term, doctrinal keystone (3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47). Einheitsübersetzung’s own choice of ‘Umkehr’ over Luther’s ‘Buße’ for μετάνοια at 24:47 confirms this as the more doctrinally careful reading; align with the Catholic liturgical reference over the Lutheran default.
Justified Narrative
Approved rendering: is grechtfertigt hoamganga
Transliteration: is grechtfertigt hoamgange
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (Narrative Illustration)
Original: δεδικαιωμένος
Category: Salvation
New term. 18:14, ‘this man went down to his house justified.’ The clearest Gospel narrative illustration of the Romans doctrine of justification by faith apart from works/merit; must use the exact baseline ‘Rechtfertigung’ term family for curriculum-wide consistency between Luke and Romans.
Son Of Man Seek Save Lost
Approved rendering: da Menschensohn is kemma, dass er’s Valorne suacht und rett
Transliteration: da Menschnsohn is kemma, dass er’s Valorne suacht und rett
Doctrine: Son of Man Christology
Original: ἦλθεν ζητῆσαι καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός
Category: Christology
New term. 19:10, Zacchaeus narrative. The densest single-verse doctrinal convergence point in the book: Savior for Rich and Poor, marginalized, table fellowship, Son of Man, and salvation all in one narrative; must be rendered with full continuity to the established ‘Menschensohn’ and ‘Erlösung’ terms.
Today Salvation This House
Approved rendering: heit is de Erlesung in des Haus kemma
Transliteration: heit is de Erlösung in des Haus kemma
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: σήμερον σωτηρία τῷ οἴκῳ τούτῳ ἐγένετο
Category: Salvation
New term. 19:9. Deliberately echoes the ‘heit’ (today) of the core passage (4:21), forming a structural bracket. Must echo the core passage’s ‘heit’ rendering exactly for curriculum-wide consistency.
New Covenant Body Blood
Approved rendering: des is mei Leib … da neiche Bund in mein Bluat
Transliteration: des is mei Leib … da neiche Bund in mei Bluat
Doctrine: The Eucharist and the New Covenant in Christ’s Body and Blood
Rejected alternatives: des bedeut mei Leib (memorialist-representational softening, rejected — pre-empts any sense of the direct copula weight the source text carries)
Original: τὸ σῶμά μου / τὸ αἷμά μου / ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New term. 22:19-20. The single highest-stakes doctrinal passage in the whole book: Bavarian Catholic devotional life centers intensely on Eucharistic theology (Real Presence, transubstantiation) and specifically on the Bavaria-wide Fronleichnam (Corpus Christi) processions. Every clause requires mandatory human theologian review; translators must render the plain textual sense (the direct ‘is’ copula, matching both Luther and Einheitsübersetzung) without resolving the sacramental-theological question themselves in either direction.
Great Commission Repentance Forgiveness Nations
Approved rendering: Umkehr zur Vergebung vo de Sünd … söll de Völker verkündt wern, bei alle Heiden
Transliteration: Umkeahr zur Vergebung vo de Sind … söll de Völker verkündt wern, bei alle Hoaden
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: μετάνοιαν εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν… εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Salvation
New term. 24:47. Gathers Repentance/Forgiveness and Savior-for-All-Nations into a single explicit sending-mandate, directly echoing the core passage’s Jubilee announcement (4:18); must reuse all component terms exactly (‘Umkehr,’ ‘Vergebung vo de Sünd,’ ‘Heiden’) as established elsewhere so the learner recognizes this as the Gospel’s structural bookend to its opening Nazareth manifesto.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s verbal form (εὐαγγελίζομαι) recurs far more densely than in Romans and is consistently directed to the poor and marginalized (4:18; 6:20; 7:22); risk tier raised to High for this curriculum given that density and doctrinal weight.
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Luke also underlies the new compound ‘s’Gnadenjahr vom Herrn’ (Jubilee, 4:19); the Bavarian Catholic devotional-transaction risk documented in the Romans baseline applies identically here, amplified by the Rosary’s ‘Gegrüßet seist du… voll der Gnade’ liturgical wording (1:28).
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reuse WITH CAUTION. Luke’s discipleship-call narratives (5:1-11; 9:57-62) favor ἀκολουθέω (‘follow’/‘nachfolgn’) rather than κλητός vocabulary; do not force this term where Luke’s Greek does not use it.
Calling
Approved rendering: Beruafung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, reuse WITH CAUTION. Same caution as ‘called’: rarely the operative Greek word in Luke’s discipleship material.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Frequent throughout Luke 1’s Spirit-filling formulas and the Lord’s Prayer petition ‘hallowed be your name’ (11:2).
Church
Approved rendering: Kirch
Transliteration: Kircha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Gmoa (secular-administrative default, rejected)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, reuse WITH CAUTION. NOT literally present in Luke’s Gospel narrative — ἐκκλησία first appears in Acts. Do not introduce ‘Kirch’ into Luke Gospel translation segments where the Greek does not warrant it; reserved for the future Acts curriculum.
Law
Approved rendering: Gsetz
Transliteration: Gsötz
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Reinforces the baseline’s Thomistic natural-law-adjacent Catholic reception risk; occurs at 2:22-27,39; 16:16-17,29-31; 24:44.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünd
Transliteration: Sind
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Luke pairs ‘sin’ with ‘forgiveness’/‘sinner’ with exceptional frequency; the colloquial trivialization risk (‘a Sünd is des scho’) is especially acute across this book.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Used at the Nativity (2:9,14), Simeon’s prophecy (2:32), the Transfiguration (9:31-32), and the Emmaus road (24:26).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Kraft vo Gott
Transliteration: Kroft vom Gott
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 9:1; climactically as ‘power from on high’ at the ascension promise (24:49).
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Zechariah’s covenant oath (1:72) and the Last Supper’s ‘new covenant’ (22:20) bracket the whole Gospel.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwöahlung
Doctrine: Election and Divine Choice
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλελεγμένος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at the Transfiguration, ‘my Chosen One’ (9:35); same register-gap risk as the Romans baseline — no lived Bavarian predestination-controversy tradition stands behind it.
Providence
Approved rendering: Vorsehung
Transliteration: Vorsehung
Doctrine: Providence and Trust in God’s Care
Original: πρόνοια
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Thematically present in the trust-in-God passages (12:6-7,22-31; 21:18), though not a fixed lexical match in Luke’s Greek.
Father
Approved rendering: Voda
Transliteration: Voter
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier raised to High for Luke: anchors the Lord’s Prayer (11:2) and Gethsemane (22:42) as the model of dependent, filial prayer that must be kept distinct from Bavaria’s Marian/saint intercessory devotional pattern.
Anointed
Approved rendering: hat mi gsalbt
Transliteration: hod mi gsoibt
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Anointing
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
New term. Jesus explicitly claims the messianic anointing of Isaiah 61:1 as his own (4:18). Bavarian Catholic sacramental anointing rites (Krankensalbung, Chrism at Firmung/baptism) risk defaulting ‘gsalbt’ to a generic devotional/sacramental anointing rather than Jesus’ unique, once-for-all messianic commissioning by the Spirit. Context must mark this as the unique Isaiah-61 fulfillment.
Poor
Approved rendering: de Oarma
Transliteration: de Orma
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: arm im Geist (spiritualized ‘poor in spirit’ reading, rejected — Luke intends literal economic poverty)
Original: πτωχός
Category: Salvation
New term. Doctrinal center of gravity for the whole curriculum (4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3). Must retain Luke’s literal economic and social referent; must not be softened into a purely metaphorical reading.
Release Liberty
Approved rendering: Freilassung / Befreiung
Transliteration: Freilossung / Befreiung
Doctrine: Liberation of Captives and the Oppressed
Rejected alternatives: Vergebung (forgiveness-only rendering, rejected here — would lose the social-liberation dimension the same Greek noun ἄφεσις carries at 4:18)
Original: ἄφεσις (liberation sense)
Category: Salvation
New term. The same Greek noun ἄφεσις covers both social/economic liberation (4:18) AND forgiveness of sins (1:77; 3:3; 24:47); both senses must be tracked across the whole book so the theological connection is not lost.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: s’Gnadenjahr vom Herrn
Transliteration: s’Gnodnjahr vom Herrn
Doctrine: The Jubilee / Year of the Lord’s Favor
Rejected alternatives: ein Jahr, in dem der Herr seine Gnade zeigt (Gute Nachricht Bibel’s loose paraphrase, rejected — drops the Leviticus 25 Jubilee echo)
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Salvation
New term, doctrinal keystone of the core passage (4:19). Both Luther 2017 and Einheitsübersetzung converge on standard German ‘Gnadenjahr des Herrn,’ confirming this compound as phonological adaptation of settled usage, not invention. Requires explicit Leviticus 25 cross-reference teaching or the phrase lands as vague poetic blessing.
Baptism
Approved rendering: Taufe / taufn
Transliteration: Taufn
Doctrine: Baptism of Repentance
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Salvation
New term. John’s ‘baptism of repentance’ (3:3,7,12,16,21) must be distinguished from the full sacramental theology of Christian baptism (infant baptism, baptismal regeneration) a Bavarian Catholic audience will assume by default; reviewer must ensure context clarifies which sense is active.
Savior
Approved rendering: Heiland
Transliteration: Hailand
Doctrine: The Savior Title and the Doctrine of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (explicitly rejected root — Nazi-era contamination, per Romans baseline)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
New term. Mary’s Magnificat, ‘God my Savior’ (1:47), and the angelic announcement (2:11). ‘Heiland’ is warm, traditional, and uncontaminated — NOT itself contaminated — but its near-homophone relationship to the rejected ‘Heil’ requires reviewer vigilance so translators do not drift toward ‘Heil’ itself. Use only where textually warranted (1:47; 2:11); do not extend as a general synonym for salvation.
Overshadow
Approved rendering: überschattn
Transliteration: übaschattn
Doctrine: Incarnation and Virgin Birth
Original: ἐπισκιάζω
Category: Christology
New term. The Spirit’s overshadowing of Mary (1:35) is the specific mechanism of the incarnation (also 9:34, Transfiguration cloud). Must be clearly a non-sexual, non-mythological divine enveloping, unlike pagan divine-impregnation myths.
Blessed
Approved rendering: saalig
Transliteration: seelig
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: glücklich (Gute Nachricht Bibel’s subjective-happiness softening, rejected — dissolves the eschatological reversal)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
New term. Luke’s Sermon on the Plain (6:20-22) is startlingly concrete and economic. ‘Selig’/‘saalig’ is the official Bavarian Catholic beatification title (‘der/die Selige…’); this strongly risks the same folk-Catholic default collision already flagged for ‘saints’ (Heiling) in the Romans baseline. Requires explicit contextual glossing at every occurrence.
Demon
Approved rendering: Dämon / unreiner Geist
Transliteration: Damon / unreina Geist
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Authority over Demons
Original: δαιμόνιον / πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New term. Jesus’ authority over demons (4:33-41; 8:26-39; 11:14-26) is an embodied sign of the kingdom’s arrival. Bavarian Alpine folk-Catholic culture carries a strong parallel tradition of folk exorcism and superstitious demon-lore; reviewers must keep the NT’s serious, personal, but ultimately Christ-defeated demonic realm distinct from folkloric superstition.
Healing
Approved rendering: heiln
Transliteration: hoiln
Doctrine: Healing as a Sign of the In-Breaking Kingdom
Original: θεραπεύω / ἰάομαι
Category: Compassion
New term. Central to Jesus’ Compassion and the embodied dimension of the kingdom (4:23,40; 5:15,17; 7:21; 8:43,47; 9:2,6,42; 13:14; 17:15; 18:35-43). ‘Heilen’ shares its root family with the abstract ‘Heil,’ explicitly rejected for Nazi-era contamination centered specifically on Munich; ordinary medical ‘heilen’ is itself uncontaminated, but case-by-case vigilance is required, especially where healing symbolizes the fuller theological salvation it signifies.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: s’ewige Lebn
Transliteration: s’ewige Lebm
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 10:25; 18:18,30. Risk of collapsing into a vague folk-notion of ‘the afterlife’ generally rather than the specific resurrection-life of God’s consummated kingdom; must be harmonized with ‘Aufersteh’ng.‘
Kingdom Near
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott is nah zu enk kemma
Transliteration: s’Reich vom Gott is nah zu enk kemma
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἤγγικεν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
New term. 10:9,11; 21:31. The Seventy-Two’s mission itself makes the kingdom’s nearness a present reality; must preserve the ‘already’ dimension without collapsing the ‘not yet.‘
Kingdom Banquet All Nations
Approved rendering: ausn Osten und Westn, Nordn und Sidn kemmans und setzn si hi zum Tisch im Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: ausn Ostn und Westn, Nordn und Sidn kemmans und setzn si hi zum Tisch im Reich vom Gott
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν… ἐν τῇ βασιλείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
New term. 13:29. The kingdom’s future consummation is explicitly imagined as a universal table-fellowship banquet; the universal scope must not be softened and must match Simeon’s ‘light to the Gentiles’ (2:32) in force.
Banquet Guests Marginalized
Approved rendering: de Oarma, de Krüppe, de Lahme, de Blinde
Transliteration: de Orma, de Krippl, de Lahme, de Blinde
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: πτωχοί, ἀνάπειροι, χωλοί, τυφλοί
Category: Kingdom
New term. 14:13,21. The whole doctrinal force of the Great Banquet parable depends on these terms retaining their real social stigma and exclusion, not being softened into polite euphemism.
Hades
Approved rendering: Totnreich
Transliteration: Toatnreich
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Hölle (would conflate Hades’ intermediate state with Gehenna’s final judgment, rejected)
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Eschatology
New term. The rich man and Lazarus (16:19-31) is a major anchor for the rich/poor reversal doctrine. Risk of collapsing Hades into Gehenna/‘Hölle’; a careless single ‘Hölle’ rendering for both blurs a distinction careful teaching should preserve.
Kingdom In Your Midst
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott is mittn unter enk
Transliteration: s’Reich vom Gott is mittn unta enk
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: s’Reich vo Gott is in enk drin (individualistic-interior reading, rejected)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ ἐστίν
Category: Kingdom
New term. 17:20-21, the single most textually contested phrase for the ‘already’ dimension of the kingdom in Luke. ‘Mittn unter enk’ (in your midst, corporately) is preferred over an individualistic-interior rendering; Luther, Einheitsübersetzung, and Gute Nachricht all converge on the corporate reading. Alternative renderings must be recorded and flagged for theologian review per the ambiguity-handling protocol.
Propitiatory Mercy
Approved rendering: erbarm di über mi
Transliteration: erbarm dich über mi
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἱλάσθητί μοι
Category: Salvation
New term. 18:13, the tax collector’s prayer. This specific verb (ἱλάσκομαι) carries atonement/propitiation overtones distinct from generic mercy, consistent with the baseline’s separate flagging of propitiation language (Romans 3:25) as requiring theologian review.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Luke, faith is repeatedly the stated channel of both healing and salvation (‘your faith has saved you,’ 7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42).
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostl
Transliteration: Apoastl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Formal naming of the Twelve occurs at 6:13; low-to-medium risk of reduction to a generic teacher role.
Peace
Approved rendering: Friad
Transliteration: Friade
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The angelic ‘peace on earth’ (2:14) is the same peace category as Romans’ peace-with-God, now historically inaugurated at Christ’s birth.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: des Reich vom Gott
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. The single most frequent theological term in Luke; the already/not-yet tension (esp. 17:20-21) is developed far more intensely here than in Romans.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Hoaden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Ties directly to Simeon’s ‘light for revelation to the Gentiles’ (2:32) and the Great Commission (24:47).
Intercession
Approved rendering: Fürbitt
Transliteration: Fiabitt
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: ἔντευξις / ὑπερεντυγχάνει
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, reuse WITH CAUTION. NOT directly present in Luke’s Gospel in the Romans 8 sense; Luke’s prayer vocabulary is dominated by προσευχή (‘Bet’n’). Reserve strictly for genuinely intercessory contexts; do not force it onto ordinary Lucan prayer passages given the pull toward Altötting’s Marian/saint intercessory devotional frame.
Mission
Approved rendering: Mission
Transliteration: Mission
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The sending of the Twelve (9:1-6), the Seventy-Two (10:1-16), and the Great Commission (24:47-49) all reinforce this term; Bavaria’s own missionary-sending orders give it regional grounding.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Simeon’s ‘consolation of Israel’ (2:25) placed directly beside ‘light to the Gentiles’ (2:32) requires careful handling per the baseline’s post-Holocaust sensitivity note.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, reuse WITH CAUTION. NOT directly present in Luke’s Gospel narrative — Luke’s Gethsemane account (22:42) uses πάτερ, not the Aramaic Abba retained in Mark 14:36; do not import ‘Abba’ into Luke 22:42 or elsewhere.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Nachkomme vom David
Transliteration: Nochkumme vom David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: Some vom David (archaic/clinical register, rejected)
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout the Davidic-descent genealogical material (1:27,32,69; 2:4,11).
Captives
Approved rendering: de Gfangana
Transliteration: de Gfangene
Doctrine: Liberation of Captives and the Oppressed
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Salvation
New term. Part of the Jubilee cluster in the core passage (4:18); echoes OT exile-and-return language reinterpreted as liberation from bondage.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: is erfüllt worn
Transliteration: is erfült worn
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: πληρόω
Category: Covenant
New term. The core passage’s climactic claim (4:21) and 24:44; register-gap borrowed term (‘erfüllt’), consistent with the baseline pattern of retaining borrowed abstractions for doctrinal precision.
Disciple
Approved rendering: Jünger
Transliteration: Jünga
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
New term. Register-gap term borrowed from standard German, occurring throughout (5:30; 6:13,17,20; 9:1,14,16; 10:23; 12:1,22; 14:26-33; 19:29,37,39; 22:11,39,45); do not invent a folksy alternative that would undercut its weight.
Follow
Approved rendering: nachfolgn
Transliteration: nachfolgen
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
New term. The fishermen ‘left everything and followed him’ (5:11); recurs at 9:23,57-62; 18:22,28. Must convey life-reorienting allegiance, not casual accompaniment.
Cross Discipleship
Approved rendering: Kreuz
Transliteration: Kreiz
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
New term. Paired with ‘deny himself, follow me’ (9:23; 14:27), well before its literal fulfillment at Calvary (ch.23). Well-grounded via the Bavarian Catholic Kreuzweg (Stations of the Cross) devotional tradition; must retain the full weight of costly, willing suffering.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: si selm verleugna
Transliteration: si selm valeugna
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
New term. 9:23; 22:34,61 (also used of Peter’s denial). Must retain radical self-renunciation, not modest self-denial such as giving up a small luxury.
Joy
Approved rendering: Freid
Transliteration: Freide
Doctrine: The Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά / χαίρω
Category: Discipleship
New term. Forms a structural bracket across the whole Gospel (2:10 ↔ 15:7,10,23,32 ↔ 24:41,52); must retain heaven’s own theological joy over genuine repentance, not flatten into ordinary Kirchweih-style festival happiness.
Compassion
Approved rendering: Erbarmen / si derbarma
Transliteration: Erbarma / si dawarma
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
New term. Jesus’ compassion for the widow of Nain (7:13), the Good Samaritan (10:33), and the prodigal’s father (15:20). Well-grounded via the liturgical ‘Herr, erbarm dich’ (Kyrie eleison); must retain visceral intensity, not flatten to polite sympathy.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Barmherzigkeit
Transliteration: Barmherzigkeit
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεέω / ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Compassion
New term. Structural refrain of the Magnificat and Benedictus (1:50,54,58,72,78); the Good Samaritan’s active mercy (10:37); well-grounded via the liturgical ‘Kyrie eleison’ tradition.
Most High
Approved rendering: da Allerhöchste
Transliteration: da Olerhöchste
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: ὕψιστος
Category: God
New term. 1:32,35,76; 6:35; 8:28. Must retain full transcendent divine majesty, not read as mere superlative flattery.
Virgin
Approved rendering: Jungfrau
Transliteration: Jungfraa
Doctrine: Incarnation and Virgin Birth
Original: παρθένος
Category: Christology
New term. 1:27. Must retain the miraculous, non-natural conception; well-grounded in orthodox Catholic Marian devotion, but ordinary secular usage of ‘Jungfrau’ can shade toward simply ‘young unmarried woman.‘
Rich
Approved rendering: de Reichn
Transliteration: de Reing
Doctrine: Wealth and Warning to the Rich
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Kingdom
New term. 6:24; 12:16; 14:12; 16:1,19,21; 18:23,25; 19:2. Must not be read moralistically as ‘wealth itself is sin,’ but as Luke’s consistent warning about the spiritual danger of self-sufficient wealth.
Love Self Giving
Approved rendering: Liab / liabn
Transliteration: Liab / liam
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: gern ham / mögn (casual affection, rejected — too weak for willed, costly benevolence)
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
New term. 6:27-36, the ethical outworking of receiving God’s own mercy (6:36). Must be distinguished from casual affection to retain the weight of willed, self-giving benevolence.
Raised Temporary
Approved rendering: aufweckn
Transliteration: aufweckng
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Aufersteh’ng (reserved exclusively for Christ’s unique resurrection, explicitly rejected here to avoid conflation)
Original: ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
New term. The widow of Nain’s son (7:14-15) and Jairus’ daughter (8:54-55). Must be kept lexically distinct from the baseline’s ‘Aufersteh’ng,’ reserved for Christ’s unique, once-for-all bodily resurrection.
Leper
Approved rendering: Aussätzige
Transliteration: Aussetzige
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: λεπρός
Category: Compassion
New term. Jesus’ willingness to touch and heal the leper (5:12-14; 7:22; 17:12) enacts Good News to the Marginalized; must retain both the physical affliction and the social-exclusion dimension.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: Zöllner
Transliteration: Zollner
Doctrine: Table Fellowship with Sinners and Tax Collectors
Original: τελώνης
Category: Church
New term. 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2. The social contempt/marginalization dimension must be conveyed, not merely a neutral job title.
Sinner
Approved rendering: Sünder
Transliteration: Sinder
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
New term. Frames the recurring table-fellowship conflict-motif (5:30; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7). Same trivialization risk documented for the baseline’s ‘Sünd’; must retain real moral culpability while not implying those Jesus dines with are irredeemably outside grace’s reach.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: s’Wort vo Gott
Transliteration: s’Wort vom Gott
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Faith
New term. The Sower parable (8:11,15,21) frames receptivity to God’s word as the determining factor for spiritual fruitfulness.
Authority
Approved rendering: Vollmacht
Transliteration: Vollmochd
Doctrine: Healing as a Sign of the In-Breaking Kingdom
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Kingdom
New term. Jesus’ authoritative teaching and authority over unclean spirits (4:32,36) and the authority he extends to the Twelve (9:1) are early signs the kingdom is breaking in with real power, not mere religious opinion.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: Teifl / Satan
Transliteration: Teifel / Sotan
Doctrine: Spiritual Conflict and Authority over Demons
Original: διάβολος / σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New term. The Temptation (4:1-13) and Judas’s betrayal (22:3) frame a cosmic spiritual-conflict pattern. Bavarian Alpine folk culture (Perchtenlauf, folk devil-masks) has a vivid, sometimes theatrical devil-figure tradition; reviewers must ensure the biblical adversary is not trivialized into a colorful folk character.
Temptation
Approved rendering: Versuchung
Transliteration: Vasuachung
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Faith
New term. ‘Lead us not into temptation’ (11:4); recurs at Gethsemane (22:40,46). Must retain full moral-testing weight, not be reduced to trivial everyday enticement.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: Samaritaner
Transliteration: Samaritana
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Church
New term. The Good Samaritan (10:25-37) and the healed leper who returns to give thanks (17:11-19) are doubly-marginalized outsiders; requires brief cultural-background framing so the audience recognizes this as a despised outsider group.
Worry
Approved rendering: sorgn
Transliteration: sorng
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: μεριμνάω
Category: Faith
New term. 10:41; 12:11,22-26; 21:34, grounded in the Father’s reliable care (12:30). Must retain trustful dependence rather than becoming a call to passive fatalism.
Hell Gehenna
Approved rendering: Hölle
Transliteration: Höll
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment
Original: γέεννα
Category: Eschatology
New term. 12:5, ‘fear him who has authority to cast into hell.’ Must be distinguished where possible from Hades (‘Totnreich’), a related but distinct Greek term often blurred together colloquially.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Paradies
Transliteration: Paradies
Doctrine: Paradise and Assurance to the Repentant
Rejected alternatives: Wahrlich, ich sage dir heute: Du wirst… (comma-relocation reading associated with soul-sleep doctrine, explicitly rejected — ‘heit’ must bind to Christ’s promised presence with the dying man, not to the saying itself)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 23:43, spoken to the dying repentant criminal. Must retain the specificity of immediate personal presence with Christ, not a vague generic ‘heaven’ folk-notion; comma placement must match Luther and Einheitsübersetzung, guaranteeing immediate entry into paradise upon death.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Dank
Transliteration: Donk
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. The healed Samaritan leper’s return to give thanks (17:11-19) and Jesus’ thanksgiving at the Last Supper (22:17,19) both use this term.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Isaiah, named explicitly in the core passage (4:17), anchors the whole prophetic-fulfillment theme continued through 24:25,27,44.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissogung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout the fulfillment passages (4:21; 24:44).
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahna
Transliteration: ermohna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. John’s preaching, ‘with many other words he exhorted the people’ (3:18).
Woe
Approved rendering: Wehe
Transliteration: Wea
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
New term. Paired antithetically with ‘blessed’ (6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52); doctrinal weight depends on being read together with the beatitudes it mirrors.
Centurion
Approved rendering: Hauptmann
Transliteration: Hauptman
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: ἑκατοντάρχης
Category: Church
New term. The centurion’s remarkable faith (7:2-10) and the confession at the cross (23:47) bookend Luke’s Gentile-faith theme; historically neutral rank term, doctrinal weight lies in his Gentile identity and exemplary faith.
Parable
Approved rendering: Gleichnis
Transliteration: Gleichnis
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
New term. Jesus’ primary teaching genre for the kingdom, used extensively throughout Luke (5:36; 8:4-15; 12:16; 15:3; 18:1,9; 20:9,19).
Neighbor
Approved rendering: da Nächste
Transliteration: da Nagste
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: πλησίον
Category: Faith
New term. The lawyer’s question ‘who is my neighbor?’ (10:29) receives Jesus’ answer via the Samaritan’s example — redefining ‘neighbor’ as anyone in need.
Daily Bread
Approved rendering: sei täglich’s Brot
Transliteration: sei täglix Brot
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ὁ ἄρτος ὁ ἐπιούσιος
Category: Faith
New term. 11:3. Models dependent, day-by-day trust in God’s provision; well-grounded via the widely known ‘Vater unser’ prayer tradition.
Pharisee
Approved rendering: Pharisäer
Transliteration: Pharisäa
Doctrine: Table Fellowship with Sinners and Tax Collectors
Original: Φαρισαῖος
Category: Church
New term. Recurring dialogue-partner throughout (5:17-6:11; 7:36-50; 11:37-53; 14:1-14; 15:1-2; 18:9-14); not uniformly villainous in Luke — avoid flattening into a simple villain-caricature.
Mammon
Approved rendering: Mammon
Transliteration: Mammon
Doctrine: Wealth and Warning to the Rich
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Kingdom
New term. 16:9,11,13, ‘you cannot serve God and mammon.’ Borrowed term already familiar via standard German idiom; low risk of confusion.
Witnesses
Approved rendering: Zeugn
Transliteration: Zeugen
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: μάρτυρες
Category: Church
New term. 24:48. Commissions the disciples as authoritative eyewitness-testifiers, the foundation of the church’s ongoing proclamation to all nations.
Prayer General
Approved rendering: Bet’n
Transliteration: Beten
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
New term added for curriculum completeness. Ordinary dialect verb for προσευχή, used as the default rendering throughout Luke’s many prayer scenes (3:21; 5:16; 6:12; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1; 22:39-46), distinct from and never conflated with ‘Fürbitt’ (intercession).