Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Thessalonians
A. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| Term | Bavarian Rendering | Risk (baseline) | 2 Thessalonians Occurrences | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Gott | Critical | 1:1, 1:2, 1:8, 2:11, 2:13, 2:16, 3:5 | No new risk; reuse exactly. |
| Lord | Herr | Critical | throughout, esp. 1:1, 2:1, 2:8, 3:16 | Reinforced by 2 Thessalonians’ repeated κύριος-titles for both Father and Son. |
| Jesus | Jesus | Low | throughout | Reuse exactly. |
| Father | Voda | Medium | 1:1, 1:2, 2:16 | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | Heiliger Geist | Critical | 2:13 | Reuse exactly, within “ἁγιασμὸς πνεύματος.” |
| Gospel | Evangelium | High | 1:8, 2:14 | Reuse exactly. |
| Grace | Gnad | High | 1:2, 1:12, 2:16, 3:18 | Reuse exactly; baseline’s devotional-transaction caution applies. |
| Peace | Friad | Medium | 1:2, 3:16 | Reuse exactly. |
| Faith | Glaam | Medium | 1:3, 1:4, 1:11, 2:13, 3:2, 3:3 | Reuse exactly. |
| Salvation | Erlösung | High | 2:13 | Reuse exactly; baseline’s “Heil”/Nazi-contamination caution applies identically. |
| Sanctification | Heiligung | Medium | 2:13 | Reuse exactly. |
| Saints | Heiling | High | 1:10 | Reuse exactly; baseline’s canonized-saint default risk applies identically. |
| Church | Kirch | High | 1:1 | Reuse exactly; baseline’s building/institution-default risk applies identically. |
| Kingdom of God | s’Reich vo Gott | Medium | 1:5 | Reuse exactly. |
| Glory | Herrlichkeit | Medium | 1:9, 1:12, 2:14 | Reuse exactly. |
| Calling | Beruafung | High | 1:11 | Reuse exactly. |
| Called | beruafa | Medium | 2:14 | Reuse exactly; effectual calling sense per baseline. |
| Election | Erwählung / erwählt (verb) | High | 2:13 | Reuse exactly; baseline’s register-gap-not-controversy reasoning applies identically. |
| Thanksgiving | Dank | Low | 1:3 | Reuse exactly. |
| Exhort | ermahna | Low | 3:15 (via νουθετέω, flagged as a distinct source verb sharing this rendering) | Reuse exactly; see semantic analysis note on νουθετέω vs. παρακαλέω. |
| Power of God | Kraft vo Gott | Medium | 1:7, 1:11 (positive uses only) | Reuse exactly for divine-power contexts; NEVER for 2:9’s satanic counterfeit power (see new term “Kraft” below). |
| Obedience of Faith (compound) | Gehorsam vom Glaam | High | conceptually parallel to 1:8’s ὑπακούω, though not the identical fixed phrase | Cited for consistency; see new term “obey/obedience” below for the distinct construction actually used in 2 Thessalonians. |
B. New Terms Introduced by 2 Thessalonians
| Term (Doctrine Category) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Alt. Transliteration/Spelling | Risk | Grounded Risk Reason | Primary Passage(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord (The Day of the Lord) | ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου | hēmera tou kyriou | Tag vom Herrn | Tag vom Hearn | Critical | Bavarian Catholic visual culture’s pervasive baroque “Jüngstes Gericht” (Last Judgment) fresco tradition supplies vivid pre-existing imagery that risks flattening Paul’s specific sequential eschatological argument into generic folk Judgment-Day imagery. | 2 Thess 1:7-10; 2:2 (core passage) |
| Second Coming / Parousia (The Day of the Lord) | παρουσία | parousia | Wiederkunft | Wiedakunft | High | Must remain lexically parallel to, yet theologically distinct from, its counterfeit use for the lawless one’s own “parousia” in 2:9 — a deliberate Pauline irony that must survive translation. | 2 Thess 2:1, 2:8, 2:9 |
| Being Gathered to Christ | ἐπισυναγωγή | episynagōgē | Zammakumma | Zomm’kumma | Medium | Low collision risk; must stay linked to “Wiederkunft” so gathering-to-Christ and Christ’s-coming are read as one event, not two. | 2 Thess 2:1 |
| Apostasy / The Rebellion (The Man of Lawlessness) | ἀποστασία | apostasia | Obfoi vom Glaam | Abfoi vom Gloam | Critical | Historically used in Bavarian Catholic confessional discourse for the Protestant Reformation’s defection from the Church; risks a confessional-history misreading rather than Paul’s end-time universal falling-away. | 2 Thess 2:3 |
| Man of Lawlessness (The Man of Lawlessness) | ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας / ὁ ἄνομος | ho anthrōpos tēs anomias / ho anomos | Mensch vo da Gsetzlosigkeit / da Gsetzlose | Mensch vo da Gsötzlosigkeit | Critical | Bavaria’s own Tegernsee Abbey “Ludus de Antichristo” (c. 1160) helped originate much of Western Antichrist folklore, making a Bavarian audience unusually prone to import extra-biblical legendary biography onto Paul’s comparatively restrained description. | 2 Thess 2:3, 2:8 (core passage) |
| Lawlessness (The Man of Lawlessness) | ἀνομία | anomia | Gsetzlosigkeit | Gsötzlosigkeit | High | Built directly on baseline’s High-risk “Gsetz”; inherits its Thomistic natural-law-theology resonance in Bavarian Catholic teaching, which must not obscure that this is the ultimate, embodied rejection of God’s moral order, not ordinary lawbreaking. | 2 Thess 2:3, 2:7, 2:8 |
| Son of Destruction | ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας | ho huios tēs apōleias | Sohn vom Verderb’n | Sohn vom Verdeaben | High | The adjectival cousin “verdorben” (spoiled food) is common kitchen-register Bavarian speech; care needed so the phrase is not heard as a casual insult. | 2 Thess 2:3 |
| The Adversary | ὁ ἀντικείμενος | ho antikeimenos | Widersacher | Widasacha | Medium | Stable long-established German-Bible-tradition term; low novelty risk. | 2 Thess 2:4 |
| Self-Exaltation | ὑπεραίρομαι | hyperairomai | sich aufblasn | si aufblasn | Low-Medium | Vivid natural idiom risks a comic register rather than blasphemous self-deification without careful surrounding solemnity. | 2 Thess 2:4 |
| Object of Worship | σέβασμα | sebasma | ois, wos ma anbet | — | High | Points uncomfortably close to Bavarian Catholic devotional images/roadside shrines (Marterl, Heiligenbilder); must not implicitly critique legitimate Catholic devotional practice by lexical proximity. | 2 Thess 2:4 |
| Temple/Sanctuary | ναός | naos | Tempel | — | Medium | Kept distinct from baseline “Kirch”; exegetical ambiguity (literal Jerusalem temple vs. figurative church) must not be silently resolved by the rendering. | 2 Thess 2:4 |
| The Restrainer (neuter/impersonal) | τὸ κατέχον | to katechon | des, wos zruckhoit | — | High | Source-text ambiguity (disputed identity: state, angelic power, gospel proclamation) must be preserved, not resolved, by translation. Human theologian review required per occurrence. | 2 Thess 2:6 |
| The Restrainer (masculine/personal) | ὁ κατέχων | ho katechōn | der, wos zruckhoit | — | High | Grammatical shift from neuter (v.6) to masculine (v.7) must be visible in Bavarian exactly as in Greek; premature personal identification forbidden. Human theologian review required per occurrence. | 2 Thess 2:7 |
| Mystery of Lawlessness | μυστήριον (τῆς ἀνομίας) | mystērion (tēs anomias) | s’Gheimnis vo da Gsetzlosigkeit | s’Gheimnis vo da Gsötzlosigkeit | Medium | Must avoid occult/fortune-telling connotation; names a hidden feature of God’s redemptive plan, per the baseline’s established register-gap treatment of comparable terms. | 2 Thess 2:7 |
| Epiphany/Appearing of Christ | ἐπιφάνεια | epiphaneia | Erscheinung | — | High | Strong collision with Bavarian Marian/saintly apparition (Erscheinung) devotional tradition; must be tightly anchored to “Wiederkunft” to keep the public, cosmic, singular nature of the event clear. | 2 Thess 2:8 |
| Satan’s Counterfeit Power | ἐνέργεια / δύναμις (κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ) | energeia / dynamis | Wirkung / bare Kraft (never “Kraft vo Gott”) | — | High | Must never drift into the baseline’s fixed positive compound “Kraft vo Gott,” which would catastrophically misattribute satanic power to God. | 2 Thess 2:9 |
| Lying Signs and Wonders | σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους | sēmeia kai terata pseudous | Zeichn und Wunda (+ qualifier vo da Lug) | — | Critical | Bavarian Catholic folk piety associates “Wunda” overwhelmingly with legitimate shrine/saint miracles; the “of falsehood” qualifier must never be dropped or separated from its head noun, or the phrase risks reading as a blanket critique of the Catholic miracle tradition itself. | 2 Thess 2:9 |
| The Lie / Falsehood | ψεῦδος | pseudos | Lug | — | High | Must retain full theological weight (a competing false claim about ultimate reality), not casual dialect “a Lug” (a small fib). | 2 Thess 2:9, 2:11 |
| Deception | ἀπάτη | apatē | Täuschung | — | Medium-High | Distinguish from πλάνη (v.11) below — the deceiver’s active trick, not God’s judicial response. | 2 Thess 2:10 |
| Unrighteousness | ἀδικία | adikia | Ungerechtigkeit | — | High | Direct negation of baseline’s Critical “Gerechtigkeit”; forensic precision of the positive term must carry over exactly into its negation. | 2 Thess 2:10, 2:12 |
| Truth (of the gospel) | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | Woahrheit | — | Medium | Must mean gospel-truth specifically (contrasted with “the lie”), not generic factual accuracy. | 2 Thess 2:10, 2:12, 2:13 |
| Delusion (God’s Judicial Sending) (God’s Righteous Judgment) | ἐνέργεια πλάνης | energeia planēs | Wirkung vom Irrtum | — | Critical | Must preserve God’s grammatically active, judicial sending of delusion as judgment — not softened to mere passive permission. Human theologian review required per occurrence. | 2 Thess 2:11 |
| Righteous Judgment (God’s Righteous Judgment) | δικαία κρίσις / κρίνω | dikaia krisis / krinō | d’gerechte Gricht vo Gott / gricht wern | — | High | Bavarian Last-Judgment visual/folk tradition both aids and risks narrowing comprehension of “righteous” (character-consistent, vindicating-and-condemning) down to mere severity-imagery. | 2 Thess 1:5; 2:12 |
| Took Pleasure In (Willing Preference for Evil) | εὐδοκέω | eudokeō | Gfoin gfundn ham an | — | Medium | Must preserve active, willing preference (not passive ignorance) as the moral basis for judgment’s righteousness. | 2 Thess 2:12 |
| Steadfast Endurance (Perseverance under Persecution) | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | Standhaftigkeit | Standhoftigkeit | High | Must be explicitly faith-and-hope-rooted, not fatalistic resignation or merely secular stoic toughness. | 2 Thess 1:4; 3:5 |
| Persecution (Perseverance under Persecution) | διωγμός | diōgmos | Verfolgung | — | High | Overwhelmingly activates Holocaust/Nazi-era historical memory for a contemporary Bavarian audience (Munich’s documented historic role as the movement’s headquarters, per baseline); requires careful first-century contextualization. | 2 Thess 1:4 |
| Affliction/Tribulation (Perseverance under Persecution) | θλῖψις | thlipsis | Drangsal | — | Medium | Paired closely with persecution; keep distinct from ordinary everyday hardship-talk. | 2 Thess 1:4, 1:6 |
| Love | ἀγάπη | agapē | Liab | — | Medium | Everyday Bavarian “Liab” defaults to romantic/familial affection; must be anchored as active, sacrificial, mutual love within a persecuted community. | 2 Thess 1:3; 3:5 |
| Eternal Destruction | ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος | olethros aiōnios | ewig’s Verderb’n | — | High | Finality/permanence of “eternal” must not be softened into a temporary or reformable state. | 2 Thess 1:9 |
| Vengeance/Retribution | ἐκδίκησις | ekdikēsis | Vergeltung | — | Medium | Prefer over “Rache” (private-vendetta connotation) to preserve the judicial, not personally vindictive, register. | 2 Thess 1:8 |
| Obey/Obedience (to the Gospel) | ὑπακούω | hypakouō | gehorsam sei | — | High | Must not imply obedience is a separate condition for escaping judgment apart from faith — the same grace-not-merit caution baseline documents for “obedience of faith.” | 2 Thess 1:8; 3:14 |
| Revelation/Unveiling (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | Offenbarung | — | High | Must be rendered consistently alongside “Wiederkunft” and “Erscheinung” so learners recognize one climactic event described from multiple angles. | 2 Thess 1:7 |
| Firstfruits | ἀπαρχή | aparchē | Erstlingsfrucht | — | Low | Positively grounded in Bavaria’s living rural harvest-festival (Erntedank) tradition. | 2 Thess 2:13 |
| Comfort/Encouragement | παράκλησις | paraklēsis | Trost | — | Medium | Active divine comfort, not mere sympathy. | 2 Thess 2:16 |
| Hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | Hoffnung | — | Medium | Everyday Bavarian “hoff scho” register is casually uncertain; biblical hope must be marked confident and grounded. | 2 Thess 2:16 |
| Tradition(s) (Standing Firm in the Traditions) | παράδοσις | paradosis | Tradition | — | Critical | Unlike Reformation-controversy baseline terms with NO lived Catholic tradition behind them, this term names a doctrinally LIVE, central Catholic concept (Sacred Tradition), risking Paul’s narrow, closed body of apostolic teaching being broadened into general ecclesiastical/devotional custom not in view in this letter. Alternatives rejected: “Bräuch” (customs — too weak), “Gwohnheit” (habit — no doctrinal weight). | 2 Thess 2:15; 3:6 |
| Stand Firm / Hold Fast (Standing Firm in the Traditions) | στήκω / κρατέω | stēkō / kratέō | feststeh’n und festhoitn | — | High | Must be tied explicitly to Paul’s own specific apostolic teaching in context, not left open to generic application. | 2 Thess 2:15 |
| Disorderly/Idle Conduct | ἀτάκτως | ataktōs | unordentlich | — | Medium | Must convey willful idleness/freeloading specifically, not generic messiness. | 2 Thess 3:6, 3:11 |
| Work/Labor | ἐργάζομαι | ergazomai | arbat’n | — | Low | Straightforward; dignifies ordinary daily labor. | 2 Thess 3:8, 3:10, 3:11, 3:12 |
| Busybody Meddling | περιεργάζομαι | periergazomai | umma-schnüffln | — | Low | Vivid natural idiom; low doctrinal risk. | 2 Thess 3:11 |
| Admonish (Corrective) | νουθετέω | noutheteō | ermahna (shared with baseline “exhort”) | — | Medium | Distinct source verb from baseline’s παρακαλέω-based “ermahna”; leans toward corrective warning specifically — flag in segment notes even though the Bavarian word is identical. | 2 Thess 3:15 |
| The Evil One | ὁ πονηρός | ho ponēros | da Böse | — | Medium | Everyday Bavarian register risks a storybook-villain reading rather than a real personal spiritual adversary (Satan). | 2 Thess 3:3 |
| Prayer (General) | προσεύχομαι | proseuchomai | bettn | — | Low-Medium | Distinct from baseline’s “Fürbitt” (intercession specifically, with its documented Altötting/Marian-devotion collision risk); this is broader petitionary prayer. | 2 Thess 3:1 |
C. Risk Summary for 2 Thessalonians New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count (New Terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian review, every occurrence |
| High | 15 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 14 | Native speaker review |
| Low / Low-Medium | 5 | Automated review (native-speaker dialect spot-check still required per baseline orthography note) |
Critical-tier new terms: Day of the Lord, Apostasy/The Rebellion, Man of Lawlessness/The Lawless One, Lying Signs and Wonders, Delusion (God’s Judicial Sending), Tradition(s), (and the two Restrainer entries collectively treated as a single Critical exegetical unit spanning 2:6-7 per the semantic analysis).
All new terms above are proposed pending native-speaker dialect review and, for Critical/High tier, human theologian review, consistent with the baseline’s established governance model. None of the above renderings may be altered without a corresponding version increment once promoted into a shared cross-curriculum translation memory.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Not used as a standalone positive term in 2 Thessalonians but essential background: this letter’s ‘Ungerechtigkeit’ (unrighteousness, 2:10, 2:12) is built directly as its negation and must inherit its forensic precision.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Tag vom Herrn
Transliteration: Tag vom Hearn
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: Weltuntergang (secular-apocalyptic end-of-the-world register, rejected as flattening the covenantal-judicial sense)
Original: ἡμέρα τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Must be anchored to inherited baseline term ‘Herr’ and never softened to a vague secular-apocalyptic register. Bavarian Catholic baroque ‘Jüngstes Gericht’ fresco/church-portal tradition, ubiquitous in Altbayern parish churches, supplies vivid pre-existing imagery that risks flattening Paul’s specific corrective argument (the Day has NOT yet come; a defined sequence must first unfold) into generic folk Judgment-Day imagery. Must also not be confused with the weekly liturgical ‘Tag des Herrn’ (Sunday) sense. Primary passages: 1:7-10; 2:1-2.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: Obfoi vom Glaam
Transliteration: Abfoi vom Gloam
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀποστασία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ‘Abfall vom Glauben’ is the historic Bavarian Catholic confessional-era term specifically for the Protestant Reformation’s defection from the Church. Every occurrence must carry explicit context clarifying this is Paul’s own sense of a final, universal falling-away preceding Christ’s return, NOT a reference to the 16th-century church split. Also distinct from, but liable to be confused with, the LDS ‘Great Apostasy’ framework and historic Protestant Pope-identification polemic — see analysis/05_translation_landscape.md Section 5. Primary passage: 2:3.
Man Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: Mensch vo da Gsetzlosigkeit
Transliteration: Mensch vo da Gsötzlosigkeit
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἄνθρωπος τῆς ἀνομίας / ὁ ἄνομος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Must be rendered identically across every occurrence (2:3, 2:8, where the shorthand ‘da Gsetzlose’ is used) so the reader tracks this as the same figure throughout. Bavaria’s own Tegernsee Abbey ‘Ludus de Antichristo’ (c.1160) substantially shaped centuries of Western Antichrist folklore with an elaborated legendary biography; a Bavarian audience is unusually likely to import this extra-biblical detail onto Paul’s comparatively restrained description. Primary passages: 2:3, 2:8.
Lawless One Shorthand
Approved rendering: da Gsetzlose
Transliteration: da Gsötzlose
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
NEW. Shorthand form of ‘Mensch vo da Gsetzlosigkeit’ used at 2:8 (ho anomos); must be recognized by translators and reviewers as referring to the identical figure introduced at 2:3, not a distinct entity.
Lying Signs And Wonders
Approved rendering: Zeichn und Wunda vo da Lug
Transliteration: Zeichn und Wunda vo da Lug
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: σημεῖα καὶ τέρατα ψεύδους
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Bavarian Catholic folk piety (epitomized by the Altötting pilgrimage shrine) holds shrine/saint ‘Wunda’ in overwhelmingly positive regard. The genitive qualifier ‘vo da Lug’ (of falsehood) must ALWAYS travel together with ‘Zeichn und Wunda’ in the same clause — never separated by a sentence break or coordinating conjunction — or the phrase risks being heard as a blanket biblical critique of the Bavarian Catholic miracle tradition itself. Primary passage: 2:9.
Delusion Gods Judicial Sending
Approved rendering: Wirkung vom Irrtum
Transliteration: Wirkung vom Irrtum
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘Irrtum’ alone (passive, morally neutral ‘error’ — rejected as losing the active-sending sense entirely)
Original: ἐνέργεια πλάνης
Category: Judgment
NEW. God’s own grammatically active, judicial act of confirming the willingly unbelieving in the very delusion they preferred. A general pastoral instinct to protect God’s reputation by softening judgment language is a live risk; the active, judicial sense (God himself SENDS this delusion as judgment, not merely permits confusion) must survive translation. Human theologian review required for every occurrence. Primary passage: 2:11.
Tradition
Approved rendering: Tradition
Transliteration: Tradition
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Rejected alternatives: Bräuch (customs — too weak, reduces apostolic doctrine to folk custom), Gwohnheit (habit — no doctrinal weight at all)
Original: παράδοσις
Category: Church
NEW. Borrowed as-is per the baseline principle of retaining register-gap abstractions in standard-German form. UNLIKE most baseline Critical terms (which have NO lived Catholic tradition behind them), this term names a doctrinally central, LIVE Bavarian Catholic concept (Sacred Tradition alongside Scripture, per Dei Verbum). Risks a Bavarian audience broadening Paul’s specific, closed body of apostolic instruction to this one church into the much larger ongoing category of general ecclesiastical/devotional tradition (patron-saint veneration, pilgrimage custom, Namenstag practice). Every occurrence requires a restrictive gloss at first use identifying Paul’s own specific apostolic teaching (2:15’s ‘by word of mouth or by letter’). Human theologian review required for every occurrence. Primary passages: 2:15; 3:6.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Baseline devotional-transaction caution applies identically. Frames both the letter’s opening greeting (1:2) and closing benediction (3:18).
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk, acute in Bavaria specifically)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Named as the goal of God’s electing choice in 2:13; baseline’s Nazi-era ‘Heil’ contamination caution applies identically.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heiling
Transliteration: de Heiling
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Thessalonians 1:10 describes Christ ‘glorified in his saints’ at his coming; baseline’s canonized-saint default risk applies identically and requires the same mandatory ‘alle Gläubign’ gloss, doctrinally load-bearing here for The Day of the Lord.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied densely throughout this letter to both Father and Son (1:1-2, 2:1, 2:8, 3:16); must anchor every occurrence of ‘Tag vom Herrn’ and ‘Herr vom Friad’.
Church
Approved rendering: Kirch
Transliteration: Kircha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Gmoa (secular-administrative default, rejected)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Addressed to the specific local congregation at Thessalonica (1:1); baseline’s building/institution-default risk applies identically.
Law
Approved rendering: Gsetz
Transliteration: Gsötz
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package. Not used directly in 2 Thessalonians but forms the root of this letter’s new compound ‘Gsetzlosigkeit’ (lawlessness); inherits the baseline’s documented Thomistic natural-law-theology resonance in Bavarian Catholic teaching.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünd
Transliteration: Sind
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Inherited from Romans package. Background term for this letter’s moral-culpability vocabulary family (unrighteousness, the lie, deception); baseline’s ‘what a shame/waste’ colloquial-trivialization caution applies to the same drift risk documented for this letter’s ‘Ungerechtigkeit’.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: Gehorsam vom Glaam
Transliteration: Gehorsam vom Gloam
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Inherited from Romans package for cross-curriculum consistency. Not the identical fixed phrase used in 2 Thessalonians 1:8 (which uses the distinct verb hypakouō, rendered separately as ‘gehorsam sei’), but the same grace-not-merit framing must be preserved for both.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwöahlung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: αἱρέομαι (εἵλατο)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package (noun form). Baseline’s register-gap-not-controversy reasoning applies identically: no lived Bavarian Catholic double-predestination tradition, so the risk is an unfamiliar borrowed abstraction with no felt content, not a rival doctrinal answer. See new entry ‘election_verb_form’ for the verb usage at 2 Thessalonians 2:13.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Fürbitt
Transliteration: Fiabitt
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Not used in 2 Thessalonians itself, but recorded here to preserve the deliberate contrast with this letter’s new term ‘prayer_general’ (bettn): ‘Fürbitt’ remains reserved for specific intercessory-prayer doctrine with its documented Altötting/Marian-devotion collision risk, while 2 Thessalonians 3:1’s request is ordinary, broader petitionary prayer and must NOT be rendered with ‘Fürbitt’.
Second Coming Parousia
Approved rendering: Wiederkunft
Transliteration: Wiedakunft
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Must remain lexically distinct enough from a pagan-emperor-state-visit register to avoid implying Christ’s return is merely one more royal spectacle, while preserving Paul’s deliberate ironic parallel with 2:9’s counterfeit use of the identical Greek word (parousia) for the lawless one. Primary passages: 2:1, 2:8, 2:9.
Epiphany Appearing
Approved rendering: Erscheinung
Transliteration: Erscheinung
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Bavarian Catholic devotional culture has a well-developed, emotionally resonant tradition of Marian and saintly ‘Erscheinungen’ (apparitions) at pilgrimage sites; risks priming a private-visionary-apparition frame rather than Christ’s singular, public, cosmic return. Must NEVER stand alone unaccompanied by ‘Wiederkunft’ in the same clause. Primary passage: 2:8.
Revelation Unveiling
Approved rendering: Offenbarung
Transliteration: Offenbarung
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Must be rendered consistently alongside ‘Wiederkunft’ and ‘Erscheinung’ so learners recognize these as the same climactic event described from different angles, not three separate events. Also used of the lawless one’s unveiling (2:3, 2:6, 2:8, via apokalyptō) — track both uses without conflating the referents. Primary passage: 1:7.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: Gsetzlosigkeit
Transliteration: Gsötzlosigkeit
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. Built directly on inherited baseline High-risk ‘Gsetz’; inherits the baseline’s documented Thomistic natural-law-theology resonance in Bavarian Catholic teaching, which must not obscure that this is the ultimate, embodied rejection of God’s moral order, not ordinary lawbreaking or civil disobedience. Primary passages: 2:3, 2:7, 2:8.
Son Of Destruction
Approved rendering: Sohn vom Verderb’n
Transliteration: Sohn vom Verdeaben
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τῆς ἀπωλείας
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Hebraic ‘son of X’ idiom naming this figure’s certain, final destiny. The adjectival cousin ‘verdorben’ (spoiled food) is common kitchen-register Bavarian speech; oral delivery must avoid the phrase being heard as a casual insult rather than a solemn statement of final destiny. Primary passage: 2:3.
Object Of Worship
Approved rendering: ois, wos ma anbet
Transliteration: ois, wos ma anbet
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Götze (idol, rejected as narrowing the category to physical idol-objects and importing OT idol-polemic register)
Original: σέβασμα
Category: Worship
NEW. Points uncomfortably close to Bavarian Catholic devotional images and roadside shrines (Marterl, Heiligenbilder); must make unmistakably clear that Paul condemns false, self-exalting objects of worship generally, never legitimate Catholic devotional images by lexical proximity. Primary passage: 2:4.
The Restrainer Impersonal
Approved rendering: des, wos zruckhoit
Transliteration: des, wos zruckhoit
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: A named referent (Roman state / Holy Spirit / angelic power), explicitly rejected — the source text itself leaves this open
Original: τὸ κατέχον
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The neuter, impersonal ‘restraining thing’ currently holding back the lawless one’s full revelation. The identity is genuinely disputed in the Greek text itself; the Bavarian rendering must preserve this neuter/impersonal framing rather than importing a premature personal identification. Human theologian review required for every occurrence. Primary passage: 2:6.
The Restrainer Personal
Approved rendering: der, wos zruckhoit
Transliteration: der, wos zruckhoit
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: A named referent, explicitly rejected — see the_restrainer_impersonal
Original: ὁ κατέχων
Category: Eschatology
NEW. The masculine, personal ‘restrainer.’ The grammatical shift from neuter (2:6) to masculine (2:7) must be visible in the Bavarian text exactly as in the Greek; premature personal identification of this figure is forbidden. Human theologian review required for every occurrence. Primary passage: 2:7.
Satans Counterfeit Power
Approved rendering: Wirkung / Kraft
Transliteration: Wirkung / Kroft
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Kraft vo Gott (FORBIDDEN — see notes)
Original: ἐνέργεια / δύναμις (κατ’ ἐνέργειαν τοῦ Σατανᾶ)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Must be clearly attributed to Satan in the same clause (‘d’Wirkung vom Satan’); use the bare word ‘Kraft’ WITHOUT the inherited baseline compound suffix ‘vo Gott’. Any drift toward the fixed positive baseline phrase ‘Kraft vo Gott’ would create a devastating doctrinal error, attributing satanic power to God. Primary passage: 2:9.
The Lie
Approved rendering: Lug
Transliteration: Lug
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ψεῦδος
Category: Sin
NEW. Must retain full theological weight as a competing false claim about ultimate reality, not casual dialect use of ‘a Lug’ for a small social fib. Primary passages: 2:9, 2:11.
Deception
Approved rendering: Täuschung
Transliteration: Täuschung
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ἀπάτη
Category: Sin
NEW. The deceiver’s active trick, ensnaring the perishing via the lawless one’s counterfeit signs. Must be distinguished from ‘Wirkung vom Irrtum’ (planē, 2:11) below, which names God’s subsequent judicial response, not the initial human deception. Primary passage: 2:10.
Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: Ungerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Ungerechtigkeit
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀδικία
Category: Sin
NEW. Direct negation of inherited baseline Critical term ‘Gerechtigkeit’; the forensic precision required of the positive term (right standing before God, not mere dutiful conduct) must carry over exactly into its negation, so this is not heard as merely ‘being a bit unfair.’ Primary passages: 2:10, 2:12.
Righteous Judgment
Approved rendering: d’gerechte Gricht vo Gott
Transliteration: d’gerechte Gricht vo Gott
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: δικαία κρίσις / κρίνω
Category: Judgment
NEW. Built on inherited baseline ‘Gerechtigkeit’ root. Bavarian Last-Judgment fresco/portal tradition both aids comprehension and risks narrowing ‘righteous’ down to mere severity/punishment-imagery rather than God’s just, character-consistent verdict, which BOTH vindicates the suffering AND condemns the persecutors — both halves must remain visible. Verb form ‘gricht wern’ used at 2:12. Primary passages: 1:5-9; 2:12.
Eternal Destruction
Approved rendering: ewig’s Verderb’n
Transliteration: ewig’s Verdeaben
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ὄλεθρος αἰώνιος
Category: Judgment
NEW. Final, unending exclusion from the presence of the Lord. The finality and permanence of ‘eternal’ must not be softened by a translator seeking a gentler pastoral tone into a temporary or reformable state; no distinct Bavarian folk tradition mitigates this risk, so translator discipline is the sole safeguard. Primary passage: 1:9.
Obedience To The Gospel
Approved rendering: gehorsam sei
Transliteration: gehorsam sei
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ὑπακούω
Category: Faith
NEW. Distinct construction from the inherited fixed baseline compound ‘Gehorsam vom Glaam’ (obedience of faith). Must not be read as implying obedience is a separate, additional condition for escaping judgment apart from faith — the same grace-not-merit framing baseline documents applies here. Primary passages: 1:8; 3:14.
Steadfast Endurance
Approved rendering: Standhaftigkeit
Transliteration: Standhoftigkeit
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Active, faith-rooted endurance under pressure, commended before other churches as evidence of God’s righteous judgment to come. Must not collapse into either fatalistic resignation or merely stoic/secular ‘toughing it out’; must be explicitly faith-and-hope-rooted. Pair consistently with ‘Glaam’ and ‘Hoffnung’ in the same sentence. Primary passages: 1:4; 3:5.
Persecution
Approved rendering: Verfolgung
Transliteration: Verfolgung
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: διωγμός
Category: Perseverance
NEW. As a stand-alone term, ‘Verfolgung’ overwhelmingly activates 20th-century Holocaust/Nazi-era historical memory for a contemporary Bavarian audience, an association arguably sharper given Munich’s documented historic role as the movement’s headquarters (already flagged in baseline for ‘Heil’/‘Erlösung’). Every teaching unit must open with explicit first-century historical framing BEFORE this term is introduced. Primary passage: 1:4.
Stand Firm Hold Fast
Approved rendering: feststeh’n und festhoitn
Transliteration: feststeh’n und festhoitn
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: στήκω / κρατέω
Category: Church
NEW. Must always be given its object explicitly (the traditions just named) rather than left as a free-standing exhortation to steadfastness in general. Tied directly to the Critical risk on ‘Tradition’. Primary passage: 2:15.
Election Verb Form
Approved rendering: erwählt
Transliteration: erwöahlt
Doctrine: Election unto Salvation
NEW (verb form of inherited baseline noun ‘Erwählung’). Grounds the Thessalonians’ salvation in God’s prior choice ‘from the beginning,’ not their own merit. Same register-gap-not-controversy reasoning as the inherited noun applies. Primary passage: 2:13.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Baseline note: formal liturgically-borrowed term vs. folk-paraphrase ‘de guade Nachricht’. In 2 Thessalonians frames obedience/judgment contrast at 1:8 and calling at 2:14.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 1:3-4 the Thessalonians’ faith is explicitly growing under persecution; in 2:13 it is the fruit of God’s prior sanctifying choice.
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: καλέω (κέκληκεν)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Thessalonians 2:14 grounds calling explicitly ‘through our gospel,’ tying it to gospel proclamation rather than human initiative.
Calling
Approved rendering: Beruafung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Thessalonians 1:11 prays God count the Thessalonians worthy of ‘his calling.‘
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Background adjective underlying ‘Heiligung’ (sanctification) at 2:13.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Paired with belief in the truth (2:13) as the twin means by which election unto salvation is worked out.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: des Reich vom Gott
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. The Thessalonians suffer ‘for’ this kingdom (1:5), of which their endurance proves them worthy.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Describes both Christ’s return ‘in glory’ (1:9) and believers glorifying his name (1:12) and being glorified in return (2:14).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Kraft vo Gott
Transliteration: Kroft vom Gott
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved STRICTLY for positive divine-power contexts in this letter (1:7, 1:11). NEVER to be used for 2:9’s satanic counterfeit power, which uses the bare word ‘Kraft’ without the ‘vo Gott’ suffix (see new term ‘satans_counterfeit_power’ below) — drift toward this fixed compound in that verse would be a catastrophic doctrinal error.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Baseline’s ‘Herrgott’ folk-devotional/mild-profanity caution applies identically; use plain ‘Gott’ as the primary term throughout 2 Thessalonians.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in 2:13’s ‘sanctification of the Spirit,’ grounding the Thessalonians’ election in the Spirit’s ongoing personal work.
Father
Approved rendering: Voda
Transliteration: Voter
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Appears in the letter’s opening greeting (1:1-2) and in 2:16’s benediction alongside ‘our Lord Jesus Christ himself, and God our Father.‘
Gathered To Christ
Approved rendering: Zammakumma
Transliteration: Zomm’kumma
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord
Original: ἐπισυναγωγή
Category: Eschatology
NEW. A concrete, warm, native dialect coinage; low collision risk, but must stay tightly linked to ‘Wiederkunft’ in the same clause so gathering-to-Christ and Christ’s-coming are read together as one event, not two. Primary passage: 2:1.
The Adversary
Approved rendering: Widersacher
Transliteration: Widasacha
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ὁ ἀντικείμενος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Stable, long-established German-Bible-tradition term; low novelty risk, but reviewers should ensure it retains full weight as ‘the ultimate cosmic adversary,’ not a merely generic rival. Primary passage: 2:4.
Self Exaltation
Approved rendering: sich aufblasn
Transliteration: si aufblasn
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Rejected alternatives: Selbstvergöttlichung (borrowed abstract noun, rejected as alien to the letter’s oral register)
Original: ὑπεραίρομαι
Category: Sin
NEW. Vivid, natural Bavarian idiom for pride; risks sounding comically overblown (as of a boastful neighbor) rather than conveying blasphemous self-deification. Register must be lifted by surrounding solemn context. Primary passage: 2:4.
Temple Sanctuary
Approved rendering: Tempel
Transliteration: Tempel
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: ναός
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Kept distinct from inherited baseline ‘Kirch’ (reserved for the NT gathered-people/parish sense). Commentators differ on whether this means the literal Jerusalem temple or figuratively the church; the rendering must NOT silently resolve this exegetical debate via a resolving gloss. Primary passage: 2:4.
Mystery Of Lawlessness
Approved rendering: s’Gheimnis vo da Gsetzlosigkeit
Transliteration: s’Gheimnis vo da Gsötzlosigkeit
Doctrine: The Man of Lawlessness
Original: μυστήριον (τῆς ἀνομίας)
Category: Eschatology
NEW. ‘Gheimnis’ (Ge- > G- reduction pattern per baseline) must not carry an occult or fortune-telling connotation; names a hidden feature of God’s redemptive plan, consistent with baseline’s register-gap treatment of comparable terms (e.g. prophecy, election). Primary passage: 2:7.
Truth Of The Gospel
Approved rendering: Woahrheit
Transliteration: Woahrheit
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Faith
NEW. Vowel-shifted per the regular a > oa pattern. Must mean gospel-truth specifically — the truth contrasted with ‘the lie’ throughout this passage — not generic factual accuracy. Primary passages: 2:10, 2:12, 2:13.
Took Pleasure In Unrighteousness
Approved rendering: Gfoin gfundn ham an
Transliteration: Gfoin gfundn ham an
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Original: εὐδοκέω
Category: Judgment
NEW. Must preserve active, willing preference for unrighteousness over truth (not passive ignorance) — the moral basis for why judgment is righteous rather than arbitrary. Primary passage: 2:12.
Vengeance Retribution
Approved rendering: Vergeltung
Transliteration: Vergeltung
Doctrine: God’s Righteous Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Rache (private-vendetta connotation in everyday Bavarian speech, rejected)
Original: ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment
NEW. God’s just, judicial retribution against those who do not know God or obey the gospel. Prefer over ‘Rache’ to preserve the judicial, not personally vindictive, register. Primary passage: 1:8.
Affliction Tribulation
Approved rendering: Drangsal
Transliteration: Drangsal
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance
NEW. Paired closely with persecution; keep distinct from ordinary everyday hardship-talk. Repaid in kind to persecutors at Christ’s return. Primary passages: 1:4, 1:6.
Love For One Another
Approved rendering: Liab
Transliteration: Liab
Doctrine: Perseverance under Persecution
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
NEW. Everyday Bavarian ‘Liab’ defaults readily to romantic/familial affection; must be anchored as active, sacrificial mutual love within a persecuted community — pair with an explicit qualifier (‘d’Liab untereinander’) wherever bare. Primary passages: 1:3; 3:5.
Disorderly Idle Conduct
Approved rendering: unordentlich
Transliteration: unordentlich
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἀτάκτως
Category: Church
NEW. Willful idleness, refusing to work while claiming Christian liberty — must convey freeloading specifically, not generic messiness or minor social awkwardness. Primary passages: 3:6, 3:11.
Admonish Corrective
Approved rendering: ermahna
Transliteration: ermohna
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: νουθετέω
Category: Church
NEW usage of an existing Bavarian word. Shares its rendering with inherited baseline ‘exhort’ (from parakaleō), but here renders the distinct Greek verb noutheteō, leaning specifically toward corrective warning rather than encouragement. Flag as such in segment-level notes even though the Bavarian word is identical. The prescribed posture toward an unrepentant idler: not as an enemy, but admonished as a brother. Primary passage: 3:15.
The Evil One
Approved rendering: da Böse
Transliteration: da Böse
Doctrine: Protection from the Evil One
Original: ὁ πονηρός
Category: Spiritual Conflict
NEW. Everyday Bavarian ‘der Böse’ can register as a storybook-villain figure, as in children’s fairy tales; context must make clear this names Satan, a real personal spiritual adversary echoing 2:9, not a folk-tale figure. Primary passage: 3:3.
Comfort Encouragement
Approved rendering: Trost
Transliteration: Trost
Doctrine: Comfort and Hope
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Faith
NEW. Active divine comfort and strengthening, not mere sympathy, grounding the coming exhortation to stand firm. Primary passage: 2:16.
Hope
Approved rendering: Hoffnung
Transliteration: Hoffnung
Doctrine: Comfort and Hope
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
NEW. Everyday Bavarian ‘i hoff scho’ (‘I sort of hope so’) carries a casual, uncertain register; biblical hope must be marked as confident and grounded in God’s character and promise, not wishful. Primary passage: 2:16.
Low Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: Friad
Transliteration: Friade
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Closing benediction (3:16) names Christ himself as ‘the Lord of peace,’ reinforcing the covenantal, relational sense.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Dank
Transliteration: Donk
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Opens the letter’s thanksgiving section (1:3) and reappears in the prayer-request section (3:1’s ‘pray for us’ context).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Stable throughout 2 Thessalonians.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahna
Transliteration: ermohna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package (rendering of parakaleō). 2 Thessalonians 3:15 also uses this same Bavarian word for the distinct Greek verb noutheteō, which leans specifically toward corrective admonition rather than encouragement; flag this distinction in segment-level notes even though the Bavarian word is identical to the parakaleō rendering. See new entry ‘admonish_corrective’ below.
Work Labor
Approved rendering: arbat’n
Transliteration: arbat’n
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: ἐργάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. Ordinary daily labor, dignified as a Christian responsibility by Paul’s own example and explicit command. Positively grounded in ordinary Bavarian rural work ethic. Primary passages: 3:8, 3:10, 3:11, 3:12.
Busybody Meddling
Approved rendering: umma-schnüffln
Transliteration: umma-schnüffln
Doctrine: Standing Firm in the Traditions
Original: περιεργάζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. Vivid natural dialect idiom sharpening ‘ataktōs’ (disorderly): idleness manifests specifically as meddling in others’ business. Low doctrinal risk. Primary passage: 3:11.
Prayer General
Approved rendering: bettn
Transliteration: bettn
Doctrine: Thanksgiving and Prayer Requests
Original: προσεύχομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. Distinct from inherited baseline ‘Fürbitt’ (reserved for the specific intercessory-prayer doctrine, with its documented Altötting/Marian-devotion collision risk); this is broader, everyday petitionary prayer for the advance of the gospel and Paul’s own protection. Primary passage: 3:1.
Firstfruits
Approved rendering: Erstlingsfrucht
Transliteration: Erstlingsfrucht
Doctrine: Election unto Salvation
Original: ἀπαρχή
Category: Salvation
NEW. Describes the Thessalonians’ privileged, early place among the saved. Positively grounded in Bavaria’s living rural harvest-festival (Erntedank) tradition; unusually strong, positive native cultural grounding. Reflects this curriculum’s textual-basis decision to follow the apeaphēn/‘firstfruits’ manuscript reading over the ‘from the beginning’ variant (see analysis/05_translation_landscape.md Section 3, 2:13). Primary passage: 2:13.
Referenced passages