Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude (English → Bavarian)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from across the whole of Jude (a one-chapter, 25-verse book — full coverage is therefore whole-book coverage). Terms marked [Romans TM] already carry an established, mandatory rendering in the baseline translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly, spelling included. Terms marked NEW are proposed for this curriculum and require formal addition to translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 begins, per baseline enforcement rules.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier definitions (Critical / High / Medium / Low) exactly as defined in doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Reused Terms (already in baseline Romans translation memory — enforce exactly)
| Term (EN) | Greek | Bavarian Rendering (baseline) | Risk | Doctrine Link (Jude) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| faith | πίστις | Glaam | Medium/High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | In Jude 1:3, 1:20 sense shifts toward “the body of apostolic doctrine” (fides quae), not only personal trust; context must signal this |
| saints | ἅγιοι | Heiling | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Jude 1:3 “delivered to the saints” — apply the same forbidden-substitution rule as baseline: gloss with “alle Gläubign” |
| holy | ἅγιος | heilig | Medium/High | Contending for the Faith / Prayer | Jude 1:20 “most holy faith,” 1:14 “holy myriads” |
| grace | χάρις | Gnad | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Jude 1:4 — grace perverted into licentiousness; contrast must be explicit |
| lord | κύριος | Herr | Critical | Lordship of Christ (implicit throughout) | Jude 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 |
| jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Jesus | Critical | throughout | Standard form |
| god | θεός | Gott | Critical | throughout | Standard form; “Heiland” (NEW) is applied to God in 1:25, requiring Trinitarian care |
| holy spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Heiliger Geist | Medium/Critical | Prayer / contrast with ψυχικοί | Jude 1:19, 1:20 |
| father | πατήρ | Voda | Medium/High | Adoption (background) | Jude 1:1 “God the Father” |
| called | κλητός | beruafa | Medium/High | Divine Calling (background) | Jude 1:1 |
| calling | κλῆσις | Beruafung | Medium/High | Divine Calling (background) | Not directly occurring as a noun in Jude but the family is active via κλητοῖς |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | Apostl | Low/Medium | Contending for the Faith | Jude 1:17 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | Friad | Low | Salutation | Jude 1:2 |
| salvation / save | σωτηρία / σῴζω | Erlesung / (verb forms) | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Jude 1:3, 1:5, 1:23 — Nazi-era “Heil” caution applies identically |
| glory (God’s own) | δόξα (singular) | Herrlichkeit | Medium/High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Jude 1:24, 1:25 — MUST be kept distinct from the new term for δόξαι (plural, “glorious ones,” Jude 1:8) |
| amen | ἀμήν | Amen | Low | Doxology | Jude 1:25 |
| prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | Prophet / Weissogung | Low | Fulfillment of prophetic warning (Enoch) | Jude 1:14 |
New Terms Proposed for the Jude Curriculum
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Proposed Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Link | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| kept / keep / reserved / guard (τηρέω & φυλάσσω word-family) | τηρέω, φυλάσσω | tēreō, phylassō | Positive/protective sense: bhüatn (cf. the classic Bavarian blessing “Gott bhüat di”); negative/reserved-for-judgment sense: aufbwahrt / verwahrt | Critical | Kept by God and Presented Blameless; Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | This single Greek root runs through the entire letter (1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24) with a deliberate ironic double use — God “keeps” the faithful, while judgment is “kept/reserved” for the disobedient. Rendering both senses identically would erase Jude’s central structural wordplay; rendering them with unrelated words would lose the fact that they are the same root. Recommend documenting both forms under one entry with explicit sense-flagging per occurrence. |
| Master (distinct from Lord) | δεσπότης | despotēn | Herrscher (rejected: reusing “Herr” for both δεσπότης and κύριος, which would flatten Jude 1:4’s deliberate double title) | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (denial of Christ’s authority) | Jude 1:4 pairs δεσπότην καὶ κύριον for emphasis; the Bavarian rendering must preserve two distinct titles, not collapse into one |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | Barmherzigkeit (noun) / erbarma, daschbarma (verb, imperative “erbarmts eich”) | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Register-gap term, borrowed pattern consistent with “Gerechtigkeit”/“Rechtfertigung”; Bavarian Catholic devotional culture (frequent confession, “Göttliche Barmherzigkeit” piety) has strong existing associations that must be aligned with Jude’s specific sense of urgent end-time rescue of wavering believers, not a general absolution formula |
| love (general) | ἀγάπη | agapē | Liab | Medium | Salutation; Kept by God (1:21 “in the love of God”) | Regular apocope pattern (Liebe > Liab), consistent with baseline phonological conventions |
| love feast | ἀγάπαι (pl., technical) | agapais | Liabsmahl (alt.: “Agapefeier”) | High | Church corruption by false teachers | Distinct technical sense from general “Liab”; risk of reduction to an ordinary parish potluck; recommend explanatory gloss in teaching materials |
| angel(s) | ἄγγελος | angelos | Engel | High | OT Warnings as Types (Angels) | Bavarian Alpine “Schutzengerl” (guardian angel) folk-piety imagery risks softening the picture of angels under judgment; context must specify these are fallen angels |
| archangel | ἀρχάγγελος | archangelos | Erzengel | Medium | OT Warnings / contrast with false teachers | Positively grounded via St. Michael church-dedication tradition in Bavaria, but must stay distinct from generic guardian-angel piety |
| devil | διάβολος | diabolos | Teufel (dialect: Deifi/Deife) | High | OT Warnings as Types; contrast with false teachers’ recklessness | Alpine folk-devil imagery (Perchtenlauf, Krampus-adjacent traditions) risks trivializing/folklorizing the real spiritual adversary |
| judgment / condemnation | κρίμα, κρίσις | krima, krisis | s’Gricht (Gericht) | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Well-grounded via Bavarian Baroque “Jüngstes Gericht” church-fresco tradition; must retain certainty and specificity |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής, ἀσέβεια | asebēs, asebeia | gottlos / Gottlosigkeit | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (the letter’s central descriptor) | Secularizing Bavaria risks hearing “gottlos” as neutral “non-practicing” rather than Jude’s sense of active, culpable defiance; used four times in a single verse (1:15) for rhetorical emphasis, which the Bavarian rendering must strive to preserve |
| servant / slave | δοῦλος | doulos | Knecht | High | Author’s self-identification (1:1); parallels δεσπότης | Culturally vivid via Bavarian agrarian tradition, but risks either sounding too low-status/exploited or too softened into “helper”; must retain δοῦλος’s total-ownership-by-a-master nuance as an honor, not a degradation |
| worldly / soulish | ψυχικός | psychikos | Circumlocution: “Menschen ohne Gottes Geist” (no single-word coinage) | High | Contrast between false teachers and Spirit-filled believers | Register gap: no native Bavarian dialect term exists for the Pauline/Jude soul-vs-spirit anthropological distinction, parallel to the Gerechtigkeit/Rechtfertigung pattern in the Romans baseline |
| Savior (title for God) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Heiland | High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | The classic, warm Bavarian/Alpine folk-Catholic devotional title, almost always applied narrowly to Christ (Christmas/Krippenspiel tradition); here applied to God the Father with Christ as mediating agent, requiring careful Trinitarian phrasing |
| blameless | ἄμωμος | amōmos | ohne Tadl (alt.: “fehlerfrei”) | Medium | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Must be understood as a granted, forensic standing secured by God’s keeping-power, echoing the caution already flagged for “imputed righteousness” in the Romans baseline — not self-achieved moral perfection |
| glorious ones / celestial dignitaries (plural δόξα, distinct sense) | δόξαι | doxai | himmlische Mächt / Herrlichkeitn (plural) | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (1:8) | Must be kept clearly distinct from the reused singular “Herrlichkeit” (God’s own glory, 1:24-25) so the two senses of δόξα in the letter are not confused |
| grumblers | γογγυστής | gongystēs | Nörgler (rejected primary alt.: “Grantler”) | High | OT Warnings as Types (Israel’s wilderness complaining) | “Grantler” is more idiomatically vivid but risks activating the affectionate, comic “lovable Bavarian grump” stereotype rather than Jude’s serious indictment |
| desire / lust | ἐπιθυμία | epithymia | Gluscht | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Authentic, vivid Bavarian dialect word, but must retain moral-negative weight in this context, not the harmless everyday-craving register it also carries |
| scoffers | ἐμπαῖκτης | empaiktēs | Spötter | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers (apostolic prediction fulfilled) | Standard borrowed term |
| the faith once delivered (as a fixed deposit) | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ…πίστει | hapax paradotheisē pistei | a für alle Mal übergebne Glaam | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (core doctrine) | Bavarian Catholic “Tradition” (Überlieferung) concept must be aligned with, not allowed to imply an open/ongoing deposit; the faith is fixed and complete |
| contend for | ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι | epagōnizesthai | kämpfa fia / eisetzn fia | High | Contending for the Faith Once Delivered (thesis verb of the letter) | Must retain the athletic-agonistic intensity of the Greek; a passive “be in favor of” rendering would critically flatten the letter’s opening charge |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | s’ewige Lebm | Medium | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Must retain personal, resurrection-life specificity, not a vague folk afterlife notion |
| eternal fire | πῦρ αἰώνιον | pyr aiōnion | s’ewige Feuer | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Sodom) | Well-grounded via traditional Catholic hell-imagery, but must retain permanence/certainty |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | megalōsynē | Majestät | Low | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Standard borrowed term |
| dominion / might | κράτος | kratos | Macht | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Distinguish from ἐξουσία in the same verse (1:25) |
| authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | Vollmacht | Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Distinguish from κράτος in the same verse (1:25) |
| doubt / waver | διακρίνομαι | diakrinomai | zweifln / Wankelmütign (adj./noun) | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Must be kept distinct from the hardened false teachers — this group is to be shown mercy and actively rescued |
| snatch (out of the fire) | ἁρπάζω | harpazō | aussareissn | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Vivid rescue image, echoes “eternal fire” of 1:7 |
| garment stained by the flesh | χιτὼν ἐσπιλωμένος | chitōn espilōmenos | s’Gwand, wo vom Fleisch bfleckt is | Medium | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Requires the careful balance of active compassion plus self-guarding holiness |
| rebuke | ἐπιτιμάω | epitimaō | strafa | Medium | OT Warnings as Types (Michael and the devil) | Must retain solemn judicial sense, not casual scolding |
| way / error / rebellion (Cain, Balaam, Korah triad) | ὁδός, πλάνη, ἀντιλογία | hodos, planē, antilogia | Weg, Irrweg/Verführung, Aufstand/Widerspruch | Medium (each) | OT Warnings as Types; Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Requires OT narrative background (Genesis 4, Numbers 22–24, Numbers 16) for full comprehension |
Proper Names Requiring Established German/Catholic Bible Forms (not literal English transliterations)
| English Form | Bavarian/German Bible Form | Risk | Note |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jude (author) | Judas | Low | Must be disambiguated in headers from Judas Iscariot |
| James | Jakobus | Low | |
| Enoch | Henoch | Low (naming) / High (teaching context) | Citation is from extrabiblical 1 Enoch material; requires a canonicity teaching note, not a translation risk per se |
| Michael | Michael | Low | Well-grounded via St. Michael church-dedication tradition |
| Moses | Moses | Low | Per baseline cross-reference conventions |
| Cain | Kain | Medium | Requires Genesis 4 background |
| Balaam | Bileam | Medium | NOT a literal transliteration of the English “Balaam” — established German/Catholic Bible convention uses “Bileam” |
| Korah | Korach | Medium | NOT a literal transliteration of the English “Korah” — established German/Catholic Bible convention uses “Korach” |
| Sodom and Gomorrah | Sodom und Gomorrha | Low | Requires Genesis 19 background |
| Adam | Adam | Low |
Summary Risk Distribution (Jude curriculum, new + reused terms)
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 3 (τηρέω/φυλάσσω word-family; δεσπότης “Master”; plus reused Critical terms Herr/Jesus/Gott/Heiliger Geist carried from baseline) | Human theologian review |
| High | 16 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 20 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 12 | Automated review (with mandatory native-speaker orthography spot-check per baseline policy) |
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (with version increment) and cross-referenced into an updated bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation of Jude begins. All reused terms retain their exact baseline spelling and risk tier; no baseline entry is altered by this document.
Critical Risk Terms
Kept Reserved Tereo
Approved rendering: bhüatn (protective sense) / aufbwahrt, verwahrt (reserved-for-judgment sense)
Transliteration: bhiatn / afbwahrt, vawahrt
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: a single uniform rendering across both senses (rejected — erases Jude’s deliberate structural irony), two wholly unrelated words with no shared root signal (rejected — loses the fact that Jude uses one Greek root throughout)
Original: τηρέω / φυλάσσω
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: the letter’s central word-family (τηρέω/φυλάσσω), occurring at Jude 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24. Positive/protective sense: ‘bhüatn’ (cf. the beloved Bavarian blessing ‘Gott bhüat di’). Negative/reserved-for-judgment sense: ‘aufbwahrt’/‘verwahrt’. Every occurrence requires a translator note identifying which sense is active so reviewers can verify the wordplay is tracked across the whole letter even though surface vocabulary differs by sense.
Able To Guard Keep
Approved rendering: bhüatn / beschützn
Transliteration: bhiatn / bschützn
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:24, δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι — the letter’s climactic doxological claim. Part of the Critical τηρέω/φυλάσσω family; the emphatic ‘is able to’ (God’s own capability) must be preserved so the letter’s final assurance is not shifted onto human effort.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: Herrscher
Transliteration: Herrscha
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Master- and Lordship
Rejected alternatives: Herr (rejected — would collapse the deliberate double title with κύριος, erasing Jude 1:4’s emphatic doubling), Chef (rejected — anachronistic, bathetic secular register), Gebieter (considered — less natural in oral register than ‘Herrscher’)
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: δεσπότην, paired with κύριον in Jude 1:4 for double emphasis on Christ’s total authority. Must NEVER be rendered with, or collapsed into, ‘Herr’ (see baseline/Jude ‘lord’ entry) — the two words must remain visibly distinct throughout.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. In Jude 1:4 the specific danger is false teachers perverting authentic grace-teaching into license for immorality; see new entry ‘pervert_into_sensuality’ for the compound rendering of that perversion. The surrounding sentence, not the word itself, must carry the polemical distinction.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk, acute in Bavaria specifically)
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Feeds Jude’s new compound entries ‘common_salvation’, ‘saved’, and ‘save_snatch_from_fire’. The Nazi-era ‘Heil’ caution applies identically to all verb and noun forms in Jude.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heiling
Transliteration: de Heiling
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Jude 1:3, ‘delivered to the saints’ — the same forbidden-substitution rule applies: never let this stand unglossed for a general audience; pair with ‘alle Gläubign’.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Occurs at Jude 1:4, 1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25. At 1:4 MUST be kept visibly distinct from the new Critical term ‘master_despotes’ (‘Herrscher’) — never collapse the two into one word.
Contend For The Faith
Approved rendering: kämpfa fia
Transliteration: kempfa fia
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: dafür sein (passive agreement — critically flattens the athletic-combat intensity of ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι), unterstützen (support — same flattening risk), a folklorized wrestling/Rangln image (rejected — trivializes doctrinal defense into sport)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι τῇ πίστει
Category: Faith
The letter’s thesis verb (Jude 1:3). Must retain the athletic-agonistic combat intensity of the Greek ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι root.
Once For All Delivered
Approved rendering: a für alle Mal übergebne Glaam
Transliteration: a für alle Moi übergebene Glaam
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
Jude 1:3, ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ πίστει. Must be framed as a fixed, complete, closed apostolic deposit, not an open or still-accumulating one — the primary local risk being confusion with Bavarian Catholic devotional ‘Tradition’ (Überlieferung), which is culturally experienced as living and cumulative.
Faith As Doctrine Deposit
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Same Bavarian word as the baseline ‘faith’ entry, reused deliberately (no separate coinage). At Jude 1:3, 1:20 the surrounding sentence must signal the fides quae (body-of-doctrine) sense rather than allowing the term to default to the Romans-established personal-trust (fides qua) reading.
Common Salvation
Approved rendering: gmoasame Erlesung
Transliteration: gmasame Erlesung
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: κοινῆς σωτηρίας
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:3, κοινῆς σωτηρίας. Built on the baseline ‘Erlösung’ (Nazi-era ‘Heil’ caution applies) with an added qualifier for ‘common’, reinforcing the unity of all believers around one salvation that the false teachers are fracturing.
Saved
Approved rendering: hod…erlöst
Transliteration: hod…erlest
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Israel
Original: σώσας
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:5, σώσας — God’s past Exodus deliverance as backdrop for the subsequent judgment of unbelief. Verb form of the baseline ‘Erlösung’ family; the Nazi-era ‘Heil’ caution applies equally to verb forms.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Barmherzigkeit
Transliteration: Barmherzigkeid
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
ἔλεος. Register-gap term parallel to the baseline’s Gerechtigkeit/Rechtfertigung finding. Bavarian Catholic ‘Göttliche Barmherzigkeit’ devotional culture and frequent-confession practice supply strong positive resonance, but must be anchored to Jude’s specific sense of urgent, active, end-time rescue of wavering believers (1:21-23), not a generic absolution formula.
Have Mercy On Wavering
Approved rendering: daschbarma
Transliteration: erbarma
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐλεᾶτε
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:22, ἐλεᾶτε (imperative). Believers’ active responsibility to extend the mercy God has shown them; must convey costly, active compassion, not passive or condescending pity.
Save Snatch From Fire
Approved rendering: aus’m Feuer aussareissn
Transliteration: aus’m Feia aussareißn
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σῴζετε…ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:23, σῴζετε…ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες. Combines the baseline ‘Erlösung’ family (Nazi-era ‘Heil’ caution applies) with a vivid new rescue image echoing the ‘eternal fire’ of 1:7.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: Liabsmahl
Transliteration: Liabsmoi
Doctrine: Corruption of Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Rejected alternatives: Agapefeier (bare Greek/Latin loan — unintelligible to the oral-register target audience)
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
Jude 1:12, ἀγάπαις. A Bavarian Catholic hearer’s default association for a shared communal meal is an ordinary parish potluck (Pfarrfest); requires an explanatory teaching-material gloss to preserve the sacred, Lord’s-Supper-adjacent sense.
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: Knecht
Transliteration: Knechd
Doctrine: Servant Identity and Authority of the Author
Rejected alternatives: Helfer (too weak — loses δοῦλος’s total-ownership nuance), Sklave (too harsh/foreign register for this devotional context)
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
Jude 1:1, δοῦλος. Author’s self-identification. The traditional Bavarian agrarian farmhand/bondservant term is culturally vivid but must be read as honored total devotion to Christ (echoing the δεσπότης pairing of 1:4), not low agrarian social status.
Worldly Soulish
Approved rendering: Menschen ohne Gottes Geist
Transliteration: Menschn ohne Gottes Geist
Doctrine: Spiritual vs. Worldly (Soulish) People
Rejected alternatives: a single-word dialect coinage (rejected — would supply false doctrinal precision not actually present in the dialect, parallel to the baseline’s Gerechtigkeit/Rechtfertigung caution)
Original: ψυχικοί
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:19, ψυχικοί. Register-gap term: no native Bavarian word expresses the Pauline/Jude soul-vs-Spirit anthropological distinction. Use this circumlocution, never a coined single word.
Deny
Approved rendering: verleugna
Transliteration: valeugna
Doctrine: Denial of Christ’s Master- and Lordship
Original: ἀρνούμενοι
Category: Christology
Jude 1:4, ἀρνούμενοι. Must retain the gravity of denying Christ’s actual authority through immoral living, not read as merely intellectual doubt.
Reject Authority
Approved rendering: d’Herrschaft ablehna
Transliteration: d’Herrschoft ablehna
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Original: κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν
Category: Christology
Jude 1:8, κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν — shares the κύριος root with ‘Lord’, directly echoing the denial of 1:4. Must not be read as merely rejecting generic human institutional authority.
Savior Title For God
Approved rendering: Heiland
Transliteration: Hoiland
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: a newly coined title (rejected — less intelligible than the warm, familiar existing devotional term)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: God
Jude 1:25, σωτήρ applied to God the Father, with Christ named as mediating agent. ‘Heiland’ is the classic Bavarian/Alpine folk-Catholic devotional title almost always applied narrowly to Christ (Christmas carols, Krippenspiel); MUST be accompanied every time by the explicit mediating clause ‘durch Jesus Christus’ to avoid Trinitarian confusion.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: gottlos
Transliteration: godlos
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
ἀσεβής/ἀσέβεια, occurring fourfold in Jude 1:15 for deliberate rhetorical emphasis. In increasingly secular Bavaria, risks being heard as neutral ‘non-practicing’ rather than active, culpable defiance of God; the fourfold repetition must retain its rhetorical hammering weight, not collapse into a single occurrence for stylistic elegance.
Pervert Into Sensuality
Approved rendering: d’Gnad in Zügellosigkeit vadrahn
Transliteration: d’Gnad in Züglosigkeit vadraan
Doctrine: Grace Perverted into License
Original: μετατιθέντες…εἰς ἀσέλγειαν
Category: Sin
Jude 1:4, μετατιθέντες…εἰς ἀσέλγειαν. Must retain serious moral culpability; the perversion, not grace itself, must be the explicit object of concern.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: Unzucht / widanatürliche Gluscht
Transliteration: Unzucht / widernatürliche Gluscht
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Sodom
Rejected alternatives: coarse dialect vulgar synonyms (rejected — inappropriate register for a devotional-register text)
Original: ἐκπορνεύσασαι / σαρκὸς ἑτέρας
Category: Sin
Jude 1:7, ἐκπορνεύσασαι / σαρκὸς ἑτέρας. Must retain moral seriousness without gratuitous vulgarity; the more formal ‘Unzucht’ is preferred.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: schmähn
Transliteration: schmahn
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
βλασφημέω, occurring at Jude 1:8, 1:9 (negatively, of what Michael refrains from), and 1:10. Consistent vocabulary must be used across all three occurrences to preserve the contrast between Michael’s restraint and the false teachers’ habitual reviling.
Grumblers Malcontents
Approved rendering: Nörgler
Transliteration: Nergler
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: Grantler (rejected — activates the affectionate, comic ‘lovable Bavarian grump’ cultural stereotype rather than Jude’s serious indictment of rebellion against God)
Original: γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16, γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι. Echoes Israel’s wilderness grumbling (cf. 1:5). Forbidden substitution rule: never use ‘Grantler’ in this doctrinal context.
Designated Beforehand
Approved rendering: long scho voraus bstimmt
Transliteration: long scho voraus bestimmt
Doctrine: God’s Sovereign Appointment to Judgment
Original: πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:4, πάλαι προγεγραμμένοι. Adjacent to election/predestination language; as with the baseline’s ‘Erwählung’ finding, the chief risk is a translator supplying an unfamiliar borrowed-sounding phrase with no real doctrinal content behind it, not a rival tradition’s answer.
Destroyed
Approved rendering: hod…vanicht
Transliteration: hod…vernicht
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Israel
Original: ἀπώλεσεν / ἀπώλοντο
Category: Judgment
ἀπώλεσεν/ἀπώλοντο, Jude 1:5, 1:11. Must retain full judicial severity without implying, contrary to the letter’s own ‘Kept by God’ doctrine (1:1, 1:24), that genuine saving faith itself can be lost.
Angels
Approved rendering: Engel
Transliteration: Engl
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Angels
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:6, ἄγγελοι. Bavarian Alpine ‘Schutzengerl’ (guardian angel) devotional imagery risks softening this picture of angels bound and reserved for judgment; context must specify these are fallen, rebellious angels.
The Devil
Approved rendering: da Teufel
Transliteration: da Deife
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Rejected alternatives: Deifi/Deife as the primary diminutive form (rejected in this doctrinal context — risks folkloric/comic register bleed from Perchtenlauf/Krampus-adjacent tradition)
Original: ὁ διάβολος
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9, ὁ διάβολος. Use the full formal ‘Teufel’, never the diminutive, in this doctrinal context; pair with serious framing language.
Blaspheme Glorious Ones
Approved rendering: de himmlischn Mächt/Herrlichkeitn schmähn
Transliteration: de himmlischn Mächt/Herrlichkeitn schmahn
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Original: δόξας βλασφημοῦσιν
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:8, δόξας βλασφημοῦσιν (plural δόξαι — celestial dignitaries/angelic powers). Must be kept clearly, visibly distinct from the reused singular ‘Herrlichkeit’ (God’s own glory, 1:24-25) so the two senses of δόξα are never confused.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20 the dominant sense shifts from personal trust (fides qua, the baseline’s default sense) to the fixed body of apostolic doctrine (fides quae). See new entries ‘faith_as_doctrine_deposit’, ‘once_for_all_delivered’, and ‘most_holy_faith’ for the context markers required to signal this shift.
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητοῖς
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Jude 1:1 applies this in the salvific sense to the whole congregation, identically to Romans 1:6-7.
Calling
Approved rendering: Beruafung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Not directly occurring as a noun in Jude, but the word-family is active via ‘beruafa’ (klētois) in 1:1; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Used in Jude 1:20 (‘most holy faith’, combined per new entry ‘most_holy_faith’) and 1:14 (‘holy myriads’, per new entry ‘holy_myriads’).
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Reserved STRICTLY for the singular sense (God’s own glory, Jude 1:24-25). Never use for the distinct plural sense (δόξαι, ‘glorious ones’/celestial dignitaries, Jude 1:8) — see new entry ‘blaspheme_glorious_ones’ for that separate rendering.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Jude 1:25 applies the title ‘Heiland’ (Savior, new entry ‘savior_title_for_god’) to God under this same ‘Gott’ referent, with Christ named as mediating agent — requires the explicit mediating clause ‘durch Jesus Christus’ every time.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Jude 1:19-20 contrasts those ‘devoid of the Spirit’ (new entry ‘worldly_soulish’) with believers ‘praying in the Holy Spirit’ (new entry ‘praying_in_holy_spirit’).
Father
Approved rendering: Voda
Transliteration: Voter
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Jude 1:1: believers are ‘beloved in God the Father’.
Most Holy Faith
Approved rendering: heiligsta Glaam
Transliteration: heiligste Glaam
Doctrine: Building Up in the Faith and Praying in the Spirit
Original: τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει
Category: Faith
Jude 1:20, τῇ ἁγιωτάτῃ πίστει. Combines the reused baseline terms ‘heilig’ and ‘Glaam’ into a single reverent superlative phrase; must read as one unit, not two loosely joined adjectives.
Those Who Waver
Approved rendering: de wo zweifln
Transliteration: de Wankelmütign
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:22, διακρινομένους. Must be kept sharply, lexically distinct from the hardened false teachers (‘gottlos’, ‘Spötter’) — this group is to be shown mercy and rescued, never condemned.
Without Stumbling
Approved rendering: ohne dass ma strauchlt
Transliteration: ohne dass ma strauchid
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἀπταίστους
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:24, ἀπταίστους. The secure, positive outcome of God’s keeping-power — the opposite of the false teachers’ ‘stumbling-block’ pattern running through the letter.
Present Before Glory
Approved rendering: vor sei Herrlichkeit hifüahrn
Transliteration: vor sei Herrlichkeit hinfüahrn
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:24, στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ. Formal, judicial/ceremonial presentation before God’s own singular glory (reuses baseline ‘Herrlichkeit’); must be kept distinct from the plural ‘glorious ones’ sense of 1:8.
Blameless
Approved rendering: ohne Tadl
Transliteration: ohne Todl
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: fehlerfrei (acceptable secondary alternative, recorded but not primary)
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:24, ἄμωμος. Must be understood as a granted, forensic standing secured by God’s keeping-power (1:24a), paralleling the baseline’s ‘imputed righteousness’ caution — never self-achieved moral perfection.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: s’ewige Lebm
Transliteration: s’ewige Lebn
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
Jude 1:21, ζωὴν αἰώνιον — the goal of the whole preservation process (kept, waiting, receiving mercy). Must retain personal, resurrection-life specificity, not a vague folk afterlife notion.
Hidden Reefs
Approved rendering: Riff
Transliteration: Riff (alt. Schandflecken)
Doctrine: Corruption of Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Church
Jude 1:12, σπιλάδες — genuinely ambiguous in the Greek (submerged rocks vs. moral stains). ‘Riff’ (reef) is preferred for imagery; ‘Schandflecken’ (blemish) is the recorded alternative. Flagged for mandatory native-speaker review per the ambiguity-handling protocol.
Shepherding Themselves
Approved rendering: hüatn nur si selm
Transliteration: hiatn nur si selm
Doctrine: Corruption of Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:12, ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες. Self-serving leadership inverting the shepherd metaphor, echoing OT shepherd-of-Israel imagery.
Cause Divisions
Approved rendering: Spaltung macha
Transliteration: Spoitung macha
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
Jude 1:19, ἀποδιορίζοντες (a rare, possibly coined Greek term). Fractures the ‘common salvation’ unity emphasized in 1:3.
Building Yourselves Up
Approved rendering: aufbaua
Transliteration: aufbaun
Doctrine: Building Up in the Faith and Praying in the Spirit
Original: ἐποικοδομοῦντες
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:20, ἐποικοδομοῦντες. The positive counter-response to the false teachers’ destructive pattern.
Praying In Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: bettn im Heiliga Geist
Transliteration: bettn im Heiligen Geist
Doctrine: Building Up in the Faith and Praying in the Spirit
Original: ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ προσευχόμενοι
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:20, ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ προσευχόμενοι. Direct contrast with the ψυχικοί of 1:19 who lack the Spirit entirely. Reuses baseline ‘Heiliger Geist’ exactly.
Garment Stained
Approved rendering: s’Gwand, wo vom Fleisch bfleckt is
Transliteration: s’Gwand, wo vom Fleisch befleckt is
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: χιτὼν ἐσπιλωμένος
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:23, χιτὼν ἐσπιλωμένος. Requires the careful balance of active compassion toward the wavering plus self-guarding holiness against even indirect moral contamination.
Love Of God
Approved rendering: Gottes Liab
Transliteration: Gottes Liabe
Doctrine: Keeping Oneself in God’s Love
Original: ἀγάπη θεοῦ
Category: God
Jude 1:21, ἐν ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ. The sphere in which believers are actively commanded to remain, distinct from the mere external safety net of divine keeping (1:24).
Dominion Kratos
Approved rendering: Macht
Transliteration: Mocht
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Jude 1:25, κράτος. Must remain visibly distinct from ἐξουσία (‘Vollmacht’) in the same verse — the fourfold accumulation (Herrlichkeit, Majestät, Macht, Vollmacht) must not be flattened into synonyms.
Authority Exousia
Approved rendering: Vollmacht
Transliteration: Vollmocht
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Jude 1:25, ἐξουσία. Must remain visibly distinct from κράτος (‘Macht’) in the same verse.
Defile The Flesh
Approved rendering: s’Fleisch vaunreinign
Transliteration: s’Fleisch veaunreinign
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: σάρκα μιαίνουσιν
Category: Sin
Jude 1:8, σάρκα μιαίνουσιν. Repeats the Sodom-pattern of moral corruption in the present false teachers.
Corrupted Perish
Approved rendering: geh zgrund
Transliteration: gehd zgrund
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: φθείρονται
Category: Sin
Jude 1:10, φθείρονται. Self-inflicted moral ruin through unreflective, instinct-driven indulgence.
Desire Lust
Approved rendering: Gluscht
Transliteration: Gluschd
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
ἐπιθυμία, Jude 1:16, 1:18. Authentic, vivid Bavarian dialect word, but must retain moral-negative weight in this context, not the harmless everyday-craving sense it also carries.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: Spötter
Transliteration: Spotta
Doctrine: Apostolic Prediction of Scoffers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Sin
Jude 1:18, ἐμπαῖκται. Direct fulfillment of apostolic prediction in the persons of the current false teachers.
Judgment
Approved rendering: s’Gricht
Transliteration: s’Grichd
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: κρίμα / κρίσις
Category: Judgment
κρίμα/κρίσις. Well-grounded via Bavarian Baroque ‘Jüngstes Gericht’ church-fresco tradition; must retain certainty and specificity, not vague dread.
Eternal Chains
Approved rendering: ewige Ketten
Transliteration: ewige Kettn
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Angels
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:6, δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις. Permanent, unbreakable imprisonment pending final judgment.
Eternal Fire
Approved rendering: s’ewige Feuer
Transliteration: s’ewige Feia
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Sodom
Original: πῦρ αἰώνιον
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:7, πυρὸς αἰωνίου. Well-grounded via traditional Catholic hell-imagery, but must retain permanence and certainty rather than becoming a vague metaphor.
Rebuke
Approved rendering: strafa
Transliteration: strofa
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Original: ἐπιτιμάω
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:9, ἐπιτιμάω, ‘The Lord rebuke you.’ Must retain the solemn judicial-rebuke sense, not a casual scolding idiom.
Wandering Stars
Approved rendering: irrende Sterna
Transliteration: irrende Sterne
Doctrine: Corruption of Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:13, ἀστέρες πλανῆται. Unlike a reliable fixed navigational star, the false teachers lead people astray, echoing πλάνη (‘error’) of 1:11.
Convict
Approved rendering: aufdecka
Transliteration: aufdecken
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐλέγξαι
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:15, ἐλέγξαι. Final judgment includes total exposure of guilt, not only punishment.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: da Erzengel Michael
Transliteration: da Erzengl Michael
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Original: ὁ ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:9, ὁ ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ. Positively grounded via St. Michael church-dedication tradition in Bavaria (e.g. St. Michael, Munich), but must be kept distinct from generic ‘Schutzengerl’ folk piety.
Holy Myriads
Approved rendering: heilige Myriadn
Transliteration: heilige Myriaden
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy and the Extrabiblical Citation
Original: ἁγίαις μυριάσιν
Category: Angelology
Jude 1:14, ἁγίαις μυριάσιν. The vast angelic host accompanying the Lord’s return to execute final judgment. Reuses baseline ‘heilig’ exactly.
Way Of Cain
Approved rendering: da Weg vom Kain
Transliteration: da Weg vom Koa’n
Doctrine: OT Rebellion Patterns: Cain, Balaam, Korah
Original: ἡ ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11, ἡ ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν. Requires OT background (Genesis 4); proper name ‘Kain’ follows established German Bible form.
Balaams Error
Approved rendering: da Irrweg vom Bileam
Transliteration: da Irrweg vom Bileam
Doctrine: OT Rebellion Patterns: Cain, Balaam, Korah
Rejected alternatives: Balaam (a literal transliteration of the English form — rejected, breaks the established German/Catholic Bible cross-reference convention)
Original: ἡ πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11, ἡ πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ. Proper name MUST use the established German/Catholic Bible convention ‘Bileam’. Corrupting truth for profit; echoes the false teachers’ greed (1:16).
Korahs Rebellion
Approved rendering: da Aufstand vom Korach
Transliteration: da Aufstand vom Korach
Doctrine: OT Rebellion Patterns: Cain, Balaam, Korah
Rejected alternatives: Korah (a literal transliteration of the English form — rejected, breaks the established German/Catholic Bible cross-reference convention)
Original: ἡ ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:11, ἡ ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε. Proper name MUST use the established German/Catholic Bible convention ‘Korach’. Rebellion against God-appointed authority (Numbers 16), echoing 1:8.
Enoch
Approved rendering: Henoch
Transliteration: Henoch
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy and the Extrabiblical Citation
Original: Ἑνώχ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:14, Ἑνώχ. Standard German Bible form. Requires a canonicity teaching note: Jude’s citation of the non-canonical book of 1 Enoch as genuine prophecy must not be taught as endorsing the whole of 1 Enoch as Scripture.
The Last Time
Approved rendering: in da letztn Zeit
Transliteration: in da letztn Zeid
Doctrine: Apostolic Prediction of Scoffers
Original: ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου χρόνου
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:18, ἐπ’ ἐσχάτου χρόνου. Must convey the whole church-age eschatological horizon, not a vague folk-apocalyptic doom-feeling.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostl
Transliteration: Apoastl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Jude 1:17 appeals to ‘the predictions of the apostles’ as the settled standard against which false teachers are measured; reinforces, does not compete with, ‘the faith once delivered’ (1:3).
Peace
Approved rendering: Friad
Transliteration: Friade
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Part of Jude’s expanded threefold salutation (mercy, peace, love), 1:2.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Prophet
Transliteration: Prophet
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Background term for Jude’s citation of Enoch as a prophetic figure (1:14).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Weissogung
Transliteration: Weissagung
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Feeds new entry ‘prophesied’ (Jude 1:14, Enoch’s prophetic utterance) and ‘the_last_time’ (the apostles’ own foretelling, 1:17-18).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unaltered. Note the textual-critical variant at Jude 1:5, where the modern critical Greek text (followed by EU 2016, NGÜ, revised Luther 2017) reads ‘Jesus’ rather than ‘the Lord’ as the one who saved a people out of Egypt — flagged for mandatory human theologian review with an explicit textual-base decision recorded before translation.
Beloved
Approved rendering: Liabe
Transliteration: Liaba
Doctrine: Salutation: Mercy, Peace, and Love
Original: ἀγαπητοί
Category: Faith
Pastoral term of covenant-family affection addressing the whole congregation (Jude 1:1, 1:3, 1:17, 1:20). Warm, natural via regular Bavarian apocope (Liebe > Liab-e). Low doctrinal risk.
Multiplied Blessing
Approved rendering: soll sich reichlich mehrn
Transliteration: soll se reichlich mehrn
Doctrine: Salutation: Mercy, Peace, and Love
Original: πληθυνθείη
Category: Faith
Jude 1:2, πληθυνθείη — an optative prayer-wish for abundant increase of mercy, peace, and love. Standard greeting-blessing vocabulary.
Jude Author
Approved rendering: Judas
Transliteration: Judas
Doctrine: Servant Identity and Authority of the Author
Original: Ἰούδας
Category: Church
Ἰούδας, the letter’s author. Standard German/Catholic Bible form; requires explicit disambiguation in headers/titles from Judas Iscariot.
James
Approved rendering: Jakobus
Transliteration: Jakobus
Doctrine: Servant Identity and Authority of the Author
Original: Ἰάκωβος
Category: Church
Jude 1:1, Jude’s brother, likely James the Just. Standard German Bible form.
With Fear
Approved rendering: mit Furcht
Transliteration: mit Furch
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἐν φόβῳ
Category: Sanctification
Jude 1:23, ἐν φόβῳ. Careful, humble self-guarding caution when rescuing others, not careless proximity to sin.
Majesty Megalosyne
Approved rendering: Majestät
Transliteration: Majestet
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Jude 1:25, μεγαλωσύνη. One of four distinct praise-terms stacked in the closing doxology; standard borrowed term.
Before All Time Now Forever
Approved rendering: vor aller Zeit, jetzt und für olle Ewigkeit
Transliteration: vor aller Zeit, jetzt und für olle Ewigkeid
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: immer und ewig (rejected as primary — collapses the doxology’s specific past/present/future three-part temporal structure into a vaguer phrase)
Original: πρὸ παντὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος καὶ νῦν καὶ εἰς πάντας τοὺς αἰῶνας
Category: God
Jude 1:25. Must preserve the three-part temporal sweep (before all time / now / forever), not compress it.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: vernunftlose Viecher
Transliteration: vernunftlose Viacha
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: Sin
Jude 1:10, ἄλογα ζῷα. Vivid natural imagery for base, instinct-driven moral behavior.
Loud Mouthed Boasters
Approved rendering: redn große aufgeblasene Wort
Transliteration: redn groiße aufgeblosane Wort
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16, τὸ στόμα λαλεῖ ὑπέρογκα. Grandiose, self-important, empty speech, contrasted with the sober apostolic word of 1:17.
Favoritism For Advantage
Approved rendering: Leut schmeicheln wegn ana Vorteil
Transliteration: Leut schmeichln wegn oana Vorteil
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν
Category: Sin
Jude 1:16, θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα ὠφελείας χάριν. Echoes the greed-motive of ‘Balaam’s error, for pay’ (1:11).
Woe
Approved rendering: Weh eahna
Transliteration: Weh eana
Doctrine: OT Rebellion Patterns: Cain, Balaam, Korah
Original: οὐαί
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:11, οὐαί. An OT-prophetic judgment-formula escalating the letter’s severity.
Waterless Clouds Fruitless Trees
Approved rendering: wasserlose Wolken / unfruchtbare Bam
Transliteration: wassalose Wolkn / unfruchtbare Boam
Doctrine: Corruption of Christian Fellowship (Love Feasts)
Original: νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι / δένδρα ἄκαρπα
Category: Judgment
Jude 1:12, νεφέλαι ἄνυδροι / δένδρα ἄκαρπα. Images of promise without substance — the false teachers’ spiritual barrenness.
Sodom And Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodom und Gomorrha
Transliteration: Sodom und Gomorra
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types: Sodom
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:7, Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα. Standard proper names per established German/Catholic Bible form; requires Genesis 19 background for full comprehension.
Moses
Approved rendering: Moses
Transliteration: Moses
Doctrine: Rejection of Authority and Blasphemy of Celestial Beings
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:9, referenced in the ‘body of Moses’ dispute drawing on an extrabiblical Jewish burial tradition. Standard German Bible form; requires a background note.
Adam
Approved rendering: Adam
Transliteration: Adam
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy and the Extrabiblical Citation
Original: Ἀδάμ
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:14, marking Enoch as ‘the seventh from Adam’ — establishes the deep antiquity of the warning. Standard form.
Seventh From Adam
Approved rendering: da Siebte noch am Adam
Transliteration: da Siwate noch am Adam
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy and the Extrabiblical Citation
Jude 1:14, ἕβδομος ἀπὸ Ἀδάμ. Genealogical marker establishing Enoch’s antiquity and authority.
Prophesied
Approved rendering: hod…gweissogt
Transliteration: hod…gweissagt
Doctrine: Enoch’s Prophecy and the Extrabiblical Citation
Original: προφητεύω
Category: Covenant
Jude 1:14, προεφήτευσεν. Reuses the baseline ‘Weissogung’/‘Prophet’ word-family exactly.
Great Joy
Approved rendering: mit groußn Jubel
Transliteration: mit grousn Jubl
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:24, ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει. The tone of the final presentation before God is celebratory, not merely relieved or anxious.
Amen
Approved rendering: Amen
Transliteration: Amen
Doctrine: Amen as Closing Affirmation
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Eschatology
Jude 1:25, ἀμήν. Inherited transliteration convention from the baseline Romans package; standard liturgical closing affirmation.
Referenced passages