Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference and Theme Analysis — Acts (Whole Book) for Bavarian
0. Methodology and Citation Conventions
This document cross-references every Old Testament quotation and every clearly identifiable OT/NT allusion across all 28 chapters of Acts, notes messianic references and typology, and — because this curriculum shares a destination-language package with the existing Romans curriculum — flags every point of direct textual overlap between Acts and Romans (shared quotations, shared phrases, shared doctrine clusters) with an explicit rendering-consistency rule.
Citation normalization. All citations in this analysis document use normalized English book-name + chapter:verse format (e.g. Acts 2:21, Joel 2:32, Romans 10:13, Genesis 15:6), matching the convention requested for Phase 1 analysis artifacts. This is distinct from the Phase 2 destination-language citation convention already fixed by the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md: Bavarian output text follows standard German Bible citation form (German book name, comma before verse, Arabic numerals) — e.g. Apg 2,21 (Apostelgeschichte, abbreviated “Apg,” is the standard German/Bavarian book name for Acts, parallel to the baseline’s Römer for Romans). Both conventions are recorded here so Phase 2 tooling can map one to the other without ambiguity.
Risk tiers reuse the four-tier scale (Critical/High/Medium/Low) from doctrine_risk_registry.json. [TM-REUSE] marks a term whose Bavarian rendering is already fixed in the Romans baseline and must not be altered here.
Full-book coverage note. Every chapter of Acts is represented in Part A below. Chapters contributing no direct OT quotation (9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27) are explicitly marked “reviewed — no direct OT quotation” with their strongest available allusion or literary parallel noted, rather than being silently omitted, per the full-book-coverage mandate.
Part A — Full Cross-Reference Matrix, Chapter by Chapter
Chapter 1
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 1:8 | Great Commission Fulfilled; Mission to the Nations | The Apostles | Allusion: Isaiah 49:6 (“to the end of the earth”); parallel: Romans 10:18 (Psalm 19:4, “to the ends of the world”) | Medium — “end of the earth” (s’End vo da Erdn) must read as a literal geographic mission mandate, not rhetorical hyperbole; this verse structures the entire book (see 10_biblical_theme_map.md). |
| Acts 1:9-11 | Ascension; Second Coming | Jesus, two angels | Typology: 2 Kings 2:11 (Elijah taken up); allusion: Daniel 7:13-14 (Son of Man with the clouds, applied to the promised return) | Medium — must remain a concrete, bodily, historical event; guard against folk-devotional “went to a better place” flattening (see 07 entry). |
| Acts 1:20 | Apostolic Authority (replacement of Judas) | Judas, Matthias, Peter | Direct quotations: Psalm 69:25; Psalm 109:8 | Low — imprecatory-psalm application to a specific historical figure; a teaching-note issue, not a lexical risk. |
Chapter 2 (Core Passage)
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 2:1 | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | — | Background: Leviticus 23:15-21 (Feast of Weeks/Shavuot); typology: Exodus 19 (Sinai theophany — wind, fire, a mountain/upper-room gathering) | Medium — Pfingsten’s calendar familiarity risks flattening a unique historical event into a generic feast; see 07/08 entries. |
| Acts 2:2-3 | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | — | Typology: Exodus 19:16-18 (wind and fire at Sinai as divine self-manifestation) | Low — descriptive narrative; no lexical collision. |
| Acts 2:4,6,8,11 | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost; The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | The Twelve; the diaspora crowd | Typology: Genesis 11:1-9 (Babel — division of languages reversed here by Spirit-given multilingual unity) | High — the Babel-reversal typology is a major teaching point that is not self-evident from the Bavarian vocabulary alone and must be surfaced explicitly in accompanying study notes, not left implicit in the translated text. |
| Acts 2:17-21 | The Holy Spirit and Pentecost | Peter (quoting Joel) | Direct quotation: Joel 2:28-32. Joel 2:32 alone is also quoted verbatim at Romans 10:13. | Critical — see Part D, Rule 1. |
| Acts 2:25-28 | Resurrection of Christ; Fulfillment of Prophecy | David (quoted), Peter | Direct quotation: Psalm 16:8-11. Reused verbatim within Acts at Acts 13:35-37. | High — internal-book consistency required between Acts 2:25-28 and Acts 13:35-37 (see Part D, Rule 2). |
| Acts 2:29-31 | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Promise | David, Peter | Allusion: 2 Samuel 7:12-16 (Davidic covenant) | Medium — parallels Romans 1:3’s “seed of David” language; reuse Nachkomme vom David [TM-REUSE]. |
| Acts 2:34-35 | Lordship of Christ | David (quoted), Peter | Direct quotation: Psalm 110:1. Cited across the NT (cf. Mark 12:36; Hebrews 1:13) as the most-quoted OT verse in the New Testament. | Critical — feeds directly into the climactic “Herr” declaration of Acts 2:36, which must align with the baseline’s Romans 10:9 “Da Jesus is da Herr” rendering (see Part D, Rule 5). |
| Acts 2:21, 38-39 | Repentance and Baptism; The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Peter | Joel 2:32b (“calling on the name of the Lord” — the identical clause quoted at Romans 10:13); background: Isaiah 57:19 (“peace to the far and the near,” behind “those who are far off,” v.39) | Critical — see Part D, Rule 1. |
| Acts 2:22 | Apostolic Authority and Miracles | Jesus | Background pattern: OT “signs and wonders” language describing God’s own attesting acts (e.g. Deuteronomy 6:22, Exodus 7:3) | High — see 07/08 entries on Zeichen und Wunder. |
Chapter 3
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 3:13 | Messianic Promise; Christology | Peter | Allusion: Exodus 3:6,15 (“the God of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob”); Isaiah 52:13-53:12 (Servant Songs, “glorified his servant”) | High — Servant-title collision noted in 07 (Diener/Knecht Gottes servile-connotation risk). |
| Acts 3:22-23 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Moses (quoted), Peter | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 18:15,18-19. Reused at Acts 7:37. | Medium — internal-book consistency required between 3:22-23 and 7:37. |
| Acts 3:25 | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Davidic/Abrahamic Covenant | Peter | Direct/composite quotation: Genesis 22:18; Genesis 12:3; Genesis 26:4 (“in your offspring shall all families of the earth be blessed”) — parallel: Romans 4 (Abraham narrative); Galatians 3:8 | High — must connect the Abrahamic covenant to Gentile inclusion without implying ethnic Israel’s replacement; ties to Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine. |
Chapter 4
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 4:11 | Messianic Promise (rejection-vindication motif) | Peter | Direct quotation: Psalm 118:22. Related but distinct motif also behind Romans 9:33 (Isaiah 8:14/28:16) and 1 Peter 2:6-7. | Medium — a shared “rejected stone” motif across different OT source verses; do not conflate the Psalm 118 citation with the Isaiah 8/28 citation used elsewhere. |
| Acts 4:24 | Providence; God as Creator | The gathered church (corporate prayer) | Allusion: Exodus 20:11; Psalm 146:6 (Creator confession) | Low. |
| Acts 4:25-26 | Persecution and Bold Witness; Messianic Promise | The church (quoting David) | Direct quotation: Psalm 2:1-2. Psalm 2:7 (same psalm) reused at Acts 13:33. | High — the Psalm’s royal-messianic force must be handled consistently across both occurrences (see Part D, Rule 6). |
Chapter 5
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 5:30 | (Atonement background, via crucifixion reference) | Peter, the Sanhedrin | Allusion: Deuteronomy 21:22-23 (“hanging him on a tree”); reused at Acts 10:39; parallel: Galatians 3:13 | High — atonement-adjacent language; per the baseline’s existing escalation rule for atonement/propitiation segments (originally set for Romans 3:25), flag for human theologian review. |
| Acts 5:34-39 | Providence (Gamaliel’s caution) | Gamaliel | General wisdom-tradition resonance (cf. Proverbs 21:30, “no wisdom can prevail against the LORD”); no direct quotation | Low. |
Chapter 6
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 6:13-14 | Persecution and Bold Witness (setup for ch.7) | Stephen | Intra-NT parallel: the accusation echoes the false-witness charge against Jesus (Mark 14:57-58) regarding the temple and the law; no OT quotation itself | Low-Medium. |
Chapter 7 (Stephen’s Speech — the densest OT recounting in Acts)
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 7:2-4 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; covenant history | Abraham | Allusion: Genesis 12:1,7; Genesis 15:7 | Low. |
| Acts 7:6-7 | Covenant history | — | Direct quotation: Genesis 15:13-14 (sojourn, 400 years, slavery foretold) | Low. |
| Acts 7:9-16 | Covenant history; typology | Joseph, the patriarchs | Allusion: Genesis 37; 39-50 | Low — typological note: Joseph, rejected by his brothers yet later exalted as their savior/provider, is a widely recognized Christ-type; worth a teaching note (see Part B, Typology). |
| Acts 7:17-34 | Fulfillment of Prophecy; typology | Moses | Allusion: Exodus 1-3 (Moses’s birth, flight, the burning bush); direct quotation: Exodus 3:6 (“the God of your fathers…”) | Medium — the Moses-Christ typology (a rejected deliverer/mediator later vindicated) is a major cross-book thread that must be surfaced in teaching material rather than assumed self-evident from vocabulary. |
| Acts 7:35-38 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Moses | Direct quotation: Deuteronomy 18:15 (reused from Acts 3:22) | Medium — see 3:22-23 consistency note. |
| Acts 7:39-41 | Universal Human Accountability | The Israelites | Allusion: Exodus 32 (the golden calf) | Low. |
| Acts 7:42-43 | Universal Human Accountability | — | Direct quotation: Amos 5:25-27 | Medium — idol-worship judgment language; connects thematically to the ch.17 idols High-risk collision (see 07/08). |
| Acts 7:44 | Covenant/tabernacle | Moses | Allusion: Exodus 25:9,40 (“according to the pattern”) | Low. |
| Acts 7:45-47 | Davidic Covenant | David, Solomon, Joshua | Allusion: 2 Samuel 7; 1 Kings 6-8 (tabernacle-to-temple transition) | Low. |
| Acts 7:49-50 | God’s transcendence | — | Direct quotation: Isaiah 66:1-2 (“heaven is my throne…”) | Medium — a valuable counterpoint to the baseline’s flagged Kirch-as-building-default risk: Stephen’s own point is that God’s presence is never confined to a building. Recommend this connection be made explicit in teaching notes accompanying The Church as Community doctrine. |
| Acts 7:51 | Universal Human Accountability | Stephen, the Sanhedrin | Allusion: Isaiah 63:10 (“grieved/resisted the Holy Spirit”); Nehemiah 9:26 (stiff-necked, persecuted the prophets) | Medium. |
| Acts 7:56 | Christology (Son of Man) | Stephen | Direct allusion: Daniel 7:13 (“Son of Man… standing at the right hand”) | High — must not be conflated with the separate, Critical-risk Sohn vo Gott (Son of God) title; see 07 entry. |
Chapter 8
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 8:32-33 | Messianic Promise; Atonement | The Ethiopian eunuch, Philip | Direct quotation: Isaiah 53:7-8 (Suffering Servant). Partial overlap with Romans 10:16, which quotes Isaiah 53:1 from the same chapter. | Critical — see Part D, Rule 3. |
| Acts 8:20-23 | Grace (Simon Magus episode) | Simon, Peter | Conceptual echo: Numbers 22:7 and the later NT tradition of “Balaam’s error” (2 Peter 2:15; Jude 11) — attempted purchase of spiritual/prophetic power; no direct quotation | High — dramatizes precisely the grace-vs-transaction collision the baseline already flags for Gnad (see 07/08). |
Chapter 9
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| — reviewed — no direct OT quotation. | Conversion of Paul | Saul, Ananias, Jesus | Theophanic light/voice pattern echoes Ezekiel 1:28 and Daniel 10:5-9 (allusion, not direct quotation) | Low-Medium — teaching-note connection, not a lexical risk. |
| Acts 9:15 | Election; Conversion of Paul | Saul | Allusion: Jeremiah 1:5 (prophetic pre-birth calling pattern); parallels Romans 9:11-13 (election language), Galatians 1:15 | High — inherits the baseline’s Erwählung register-gap caution, applied here to a named individual’s conversion. |
Chapter 10
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 10:14-15 | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Peter | Background: Leviticus 11; Deuteronomy 14 (dietary law) | Medium — see 07/08 unrein/alltäglich entry (avoid bare “gmoa”). |
| Acts 10:34 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Peter | Allusion: Deuteronomy 10:17; 2 Chronicles 19:7 (“God shows no partiality”). The identical phrase “God shows no partiality” occurs at Romans 2:11. | High — see Part D, Rule 4. |
| Acts 10:43 | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Peter | General appeal: “all the prophets bear witness” — collective allusion, no single verse | Low. |
Chapter 11
reviewed — no new direct OT quotation. Continues the Acts 10 doctrine of Gentile inclusion and anticipates the Amos 9 argument formally introduced at Acts 15:16-17.
Chapter 12
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 12:23 | Providence; divine judgment | Herod Agrippa I | Typological/allusive parallel: Daniel 4:28-33 (Nebuchadnezzar’s pride and judgment) | Medium — teaching note on judgment against usurped divine glory; ties to the Herrlichkeit (glory) term. |
| Acts 12:7-11 | Providence; Persecution and Bold Witness | Peter, an angel | Typological echo: Exodus 12 (Passover-night angelic deliverance pattern) | Low-Medium. |
Chapter 13
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 13:22 | Davidic Covenant | Paul, David | Allusion: 1 Samuel 13:14; Psalm 89:20 (“a man after my heart”) | Low. |
| Acts 13:33 | Sonship of Christ; Messianic Promise | Paul (quoting Psalm 2) | Direct quotation: Psalm 2:7 (“You are my Son”). Same psalm as Acts 4:25’s Psalm 2:1-2. | Critical — see Part D, Rule 6; same doctrinal weight-class as the baseline’s Sonship of Christ entry. |
| Acts 13:34 | Resurrection of Christ | Paul | Direct quotation: Isaiah 55:3 (“the holy and sure blessings of David”) | Medium. |
| Acts 13:35 | Resurrection of Christ | Paul | Direct quotation: Psalm 16:10. Same verse quoted at Acts 2:27. | High — internal-book consistency required (see Part D, Rule 2). |
| Acts 13:41 | Persecution and Bold Witness (warning) | Paul | Direct quotation: Habakkuk 1:5 (“look, you scoffers…”). Distinct from Habakkuk 2:4, quoted at Romans 1:17 — do not conflate the two citations. | Medium — see Part D, Rule 7. |
| Acts 13:47 | Mission to the Nations; The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles | Paul, Barnabas | Direct quotation: Isaiah 49:6 (“a light for the Gentiles”). Thematically parallels the Romans 15:9-12 catena (which quotes different verses, e.g. Isaiah 11:10). | High — see Part D, Rule 8. |
Chapter 14
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. The Lystra episode’s pagan-deity misidentification of Paul and Barnabas (as Hermes and Zeus) is a Greco-Roman mythological reference, not an OT/NT scriptural connection; see 07/08 for the Gott/Götter singular-plural distinction this episode requires.
Chapter 15
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 15:16-17 | The Gospel to Jews and Gentiles; Davidic Covenant | James | Direct quotation: Amos 9:11-12 (“rebuild the tent of David”). Thematically parallels Romans 11’s olive-tree Gentile-grafting imagery. | High — both passages describe Gentile inclusion within, not replacing, God’s covenant people; render with care to avoid any supersessionist overtone (see Part D, Rule 9). |
| Acts 15:9 | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Peter | ”God made no distinction between us and them” — echoes the “no distinction” language of Romans 3:22 and 10:12 (different Greek term, same doctrinal claim) | Critical — see Part D, Rule 4. |
| Acts 15:10 | Justification apart from the Law | Peter | Allusion: the law experienced as an unbearable yoke — general Pharisaic-legal-burden background, no single OT verse | Medium. |
Chapter 16
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. The household-salvation narrative of the Philippian jailer (16:31-34) has a loose literary/typological resonance with Exodus 12’s household-based Passover deliverance pattern, worth a teaching note but not a citation-level dependency; see 07/08’s du und dei ganzes Haus entry (High risk, household/infant-baptism debate collision).
Chapter 17
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 17:24-25 | God as Creator | Paul | Allusion: Isaiah 42:5; Psalm 50:9-12 (God needs nothing, gives life and breath) | Low. |
| Acts 17:26 | Providence | Paul | Allusion: Deuteronomy 32:8 (appointed boundaries of the nations) | Medium — extends Vorsehung [TM-REUSE]. |
| Acts 17:27 | Providence | Paul | Allusion: Psalm 145:18 (“the LORD is near to all who call”) | Low. |
| Acts 17:28 | Apologetics (non-Scriptural quotation) | Paul | Quotation of pagan poets (Epimenides of Crete; Aratus/Cleanthes, “Phainomena”) — a unique NT instance of quoting non-biblical sources | Medium — translators must keep this citation register visibly distinct from actual Scripture quotation; it should not acquire the same authoritative weight as an OT citation in accompanying teaching material. |
| Acts 17:29-31 | Idols; Repentance | Paul | Allusion: Isaiah 44:9-20 (idol-critique); Genesis 1:27 (“God’s offspring,” image-bearing) | High — ties directly to the ch.17 Götzenbilder/Idole High-risk collision already flagged in 07/08 (Bavarian Catholic devotional-imagery sensitivity). |
Chapter 18
reviewed — no direct OT quotation; primarily biographical/narrative material (Corinth, Priscilla and Aquila, Gallio).
Chapter 19
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. The Ephesian sorcery/magic-book-burning episode carries a background allusion to Deuteronomy 18:10-12 (prohibition of sorcery and divination).
Chapter 20
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 20:28 | The Church as Community; Atonement | Paul, the elders | Allusion: Exodus 15:16; Psalm 74:2; Isaiah 43:21 (“the people whom I acquired/formed for myself”) | Critical — cross-references the baseline’s existing atonement/propitiation escalation rule (originally set for Romans 3:25); mandatory human theologian review. |
| Acts 20:29 | The Church as Community (shepherd/wolves) | Paul | Allusion: Ezekiel 34 (indictment of Israel’s false shepherds) | Medium — reinforces the sacrificial-care theological freight of Hirt beyond a merely occupational reading (see 07/08). |
Chapter 21
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. The Nazirite-style vow (21:23-26) alludes to Numbers 6 (Nazirite law); Agabus’s sign-act prophecy (21:10-11) parallels the OT prophetic sign-act tradition (Isaiah 20:2-4; Jeremiah 13:1-11; Ezekiel 4).
Chapter 22
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 22:16 | Repentance and Baptism; Conversion of Paul | Ananias, Saul | Echoes Joel 2:32’s “calling on his name” clause-family (same as Acts 2:21 / Romans 10:13) | Critical — see Part D, Rule 1; must render consistently with 2:21/2:38-39. |
Chapter 23
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 23:5 | Persecution and Bold Witness (Paul’s self-correction) | Paul | Direct quotation: Exodus 22:28 (“you shall not speak evil of a ruler of your people”) | Low-Medium. |
| Acts 23:6-8 | Resurrection of Christ (doctrinal dispute) | Paul, Pharisees, Sadducees | Allusion: Daniel 12:2 (bodily resurrection background) | Medium — reuses Aufersteh’ng [TM-REUSE]. |
Chapter 24
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. “The Way” is labeled a “sect” (24:5,14) — an intra-Roman/Jewish social-legal term with no OT scriptural connection; see 07/08 Sekte entry.
Chapter 25
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. Purely legal-narrative material (Roman citizenship, appeal to Caesar).
Chapter 26
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 26:18 | Conversion of Paul; Mission to the Nations | Jesus (commissioning Paul), Paul | Allusion: Isaiah 42:6-7; Isaiah 49:6 (“open eyes,” “light,” servant-commissioning language). Same Isaiah-Servant cluster as Acts 8:32-33 and 13:47. | High — see Part D, Rule 3; must render “light/darkness to light” consistently across all three occurrences. |
| Acts 26:23 | Resurrection of Christ; Messianic Promise | Paul | Composite allusion: Isaiah 53 and Psalm 16 (“Christ must suffer… first to rise”) — a summary echo of Acts 2:25-31, 8:32-33, and 13:34-35 | High — internal-book harmonization required across all four passages (see Part D, Rule 2). |
Chapter 27
reviewed — no direct OT quotation. The storm-and-deliverance narrative carries a loose literary/typological parallel to Jonah 1 (storm at sea, divine deliverance of God’s messenger); this is a teaching illustration, not a required lexical connection.
Chapter 28
| Acts Passage | Theme | Related Character(s) | OT/NT Connection | Bavarian Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Acts 28:26-27 | Universal Human Accountability; Fulfillment of Prophecy | Paul | Direct quotation: Isaiah 6:9-10 (“you will indeed hear but never understand”) | High — this closing quotation bookends the book’s opening Joel quotation (ch.2): both concern the nature of spiritual perception and response to Spirit-empowered proclamation. Recommend this frame be made explicit in teaching notes accompanying the closing chapter. |
Part B — Messianic References Summary
| Messianic Title/Claim | Key Acts Passages | OT Root | Bavarian Rendering | Romans Baseline Cross-Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Christ/Messiah (Χριστός) | 2:31,36; 3:18,20; 4:26; 8:5; 9:22; 17:3; 18:5,28 | Psalm 2; Isaiah 61:1 | Messias (OT-fulfillment register) / Christus (title register) [TM-REUSE pattern] | Consistent with baseline’s reserved distinction between the two registers. |
| Lord (κύριος) | 2:36; 10:36; 16:31 | Psalm 110:1 | Herr [TM-REUSE] | Must match Romans 10:9’s “Da Jesus is da Herr” exactly (Part D, Rule 5). |
| Son of God | 9:20; 13:33 | Psalm 2:7 | Sohn vo Gott [TM-REUSE] | Critical — reuse exactly. |
| Son of Man | 7:56 | Daniel 7:13 | Menschnsohn | Must stay distinguishable from Son of God per 07 entry. |
| Servant (παῖς/Servant Songs) | 3:13,26; 4:27,30; 8:32-33 | Isaiah 42; 49; 52-53 | Diener/Knecht Gottes | High — servile-connotation risk (see 07). |
| Seed/Son of David | 2:30; 13:23,34 | 2 Samuel 7; Psalm 89; Isaiah 55:3 | Nachkomme vom David [TM-REUSE] | Reuse exactly, matching Romans 1:3. |
| Prophet like Moses | 3:22-23; 7:37 | Deuteronomy 18:15,18-19 | Prophet [TM-REUSE] | Consistent throughout. |
| Light for the Gentiles | 13:47; 26:23 | Isaiah 49:6; 42:6 | a Liacht fia de Heiden | High — see Part D, Rule 8; parallels Romans 15:9-12. |
Part C — Typology Notes (Teaching-Level, Not Lexical Requirements)
The following typological patterns recur across Acts and connect to wider biblical theology. These are flagged for inclusion in accompanying teaching material; they do not require a fixed Bavarian lexical rendering the way direct quotations do, but translators should be aware of them so that narrative wording does not accidentally obscure the pattern.
- Moses-Christ typology (Acts 3:22-23; 7:17-38): a rejected deliverer/mediator, later vindicated — foundational Deuteronomy 18 pattern fulfilled in Christ.
- Joseph typology (Acts 7:9-16): rejected by his own, later exalted as savior/provider of those who rejected him.
- Davidic/royal typology (Acts 2:25-36; 13:22-37): David as prophet and type, whose greater Son inherits an everlasting, resurrection-secured throne.
- Suffering Servant typology (Acts 3:13; 8:32-33; 26:18,23): Isaiah’s Servant figure, fulfilled in Christ’s unjust suffering and vindication.
- Exodus/Passover deliverance typology (Acts 12:7-11; loosely, 16:31-34): angelic/providential deliverance patterns echoing the Exodus narrative.
- Babel-reversal typology (Acts 2:4-11): the multiplication and confusion of languages at Babel reversed by the Spirit’s gift of intelligible speech across nations.
- Jonah parallel (Acts 27): a loose literary parallel (storm, deliverance of God’s messenger at sea) — illustrative only, not a doctrinal dependency.
Part D — Parallels to Romans and Cross-Curriculum Rendering-Consistency Rules
Because Acts and Romans share the same Bavarian Language Package, the following points of direct textual or phrasal overlap require identical or carefully coordinated rendering across both curricula. These rules extend, and must not contradict, the baseline’s existing Theological Consistency Rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Rule 1 — Joel 2:32 / “calling on the name of the Lord.” Occurs at Acts 2:21 (within the Joel 2:28-32 quotation), is echoed at Acts 2:38-39 and Acts 22:16, and is quoted directly at Romans 10:13. All occurrences, in both curricula, must render this clause identically as “wer’n Nam vom Herrn anruaft” [Herr TM-REUSE], per the baseline’s existing mandate for Romans 10:9-13 consistency. This is the single most important cross-curriculum rendering-consistency requirement generated by this analysis. Risk: Critical.
Rule 2 — Psalm 16:8-11 internal-Acts consistency. Quoted at Acts 2:25-28 and reused at Acts 13:35-37, with a summary echo at Acts 26:23. All three occurrences must render Psalm 16’s resurrection argument with the same Bavarian vocabulary (Aufersteh’ng [TM-REUSE]; “wirst mein Heiligen koa Verwesung segn lassn” or an agreed equivalent). This is an intra-Acts rule but is recorded here because it governs the same Critical-risk resurrection vocabulary the Romans baseline also fixes. Risk: High.
Rule 3 — Isaiah 53 (Suffering Servant) cross-curriculum harmonization. Isaiah 53:7-8 is quoted directly at Acts 8:32-33; Isaiah 53:1 is quoted directly at Romans 10:16; Isaiah 42:6-7/49:6 (same Servant-Songs cluster) is echoed at Acts 26:18,23 and quoted at Acts 13:47. Bavarian has no independent Old Testament translation tradition (per the baseline’s own finding for register-gap vocabulary); translators must anchor Isaiah 53 vocabulary (Servant, silent before slaughter, led away, stricken, light for the nations) to the existing standard-German ecumenical Bible tradition (Einheitsübersetzung/Lutherbibel-style wording) and use that same anchor vocabulary consistently in both the Acts and Romans curricula. Risk: Critical.
Rule 4 — “God shows no partiality” (Acts 10:34 / Acts 15:9 ↔ Romans 2:11).
The identical theological claim — using closely related but not identical Greek phrasing (Acts 10:34: οὐκ ἔστιν προσωπολήμπτης ὁ Θεός; Acts 15:9: οὐδὲν διέκρινεν; Romans 2:11: οὐ γάρ ἐστιν προσωποληψία παρὰ τῷ Θεῷ) — must receive a single harmonized Bavarian rendering across both curricula: “Gott mocht koan Unterschied”. This phrase is not currently a fixed translation_memory.json entry in the Romans baseline; it is recommended for addition to translation memory as a new shared entry (see Part E). Risk: Critical, given the baseline’s own heightened Bavaria-specific sensitivity (Munich’s Nazi-era history) around this exact doctrinal cluster (Unity of Jews and Gentiles).
Rule 5 — Lordship confession climax (Acts 2:34-36 ↔ Romans 10:9). Psalm 110:1, quoted at Acts 2:34-35, feeds directly into the declarative climax of Acts 2:36 (“God has made him both Lord and Christ”), which is the narrative antecedent of the Romans 10:9 confession the baseline already fixes as “Da Jesus is da Herr.” Acts 2:36 must be rendered with matching unqualified exclusivity and must not introduce a softened or merely honorific “Lord.” Risk: Critical.
Rule 6 — Psalm 2 (Acts 4:25-26 and Acts 13:33). Both occurrences quote the same psalm (vv.1-2 and v.7 respectively) in service of the same doctrine cluster (Messianic Promise/Sonship of Christ). Render with a single consistent Bavarian vocabulary for “Son,” “anointed,” and “kings of the earth” across both occurrences. Risk: High.
Rule 7 — Habakkuk citation disambiguation (Acts 13:41 ↔ Romans 1:17).
Romans 1:17 quotes Habakkuk 2:4 (“the righteous shall live by faith” — foundational to Gerechtigkeit/Glaam vocabulary). Acts 13:41 quotes a different verse from the same book, Habakkuk 1:5 (“look, you scoffers”). Translators and citation tooling must keep these two references distinct (Habakuk 2,4 vs. Habakuk 1,5) and must not let the shared book name cause the doctrinal content of one to bleed into the other. Risk: Medium (citation-accuracy risk, not doctrinal-collision risk).
Rule 8 — Isaiah 49:6 / Gentile-inclusion catena (Acts 13:47, 26:23 ↔ Romans 15:9-12). Acts 13:47 quotes Isaiah 49:6 directly (“a light for the Gentiles”); Romans 15:9-12 assembles a different catena of OT citations (including Isaiah 11:10) making the same thematic point — Gentile inclusion in the praise and mission of God. No single verse-level rendering is shared, but the vocabulary for Heiden [TM-REUSE] and “light” (Liacht) should remain stable across both passages to reinforce the thematic connection for learners moving between curricula. Risk: High.
Rule 9 — Amos 9:11-12 (Acts 15:16-17) and the Romans 11 olive-tree image. Both passages address the same underlying theological question — how Gentile inclusion relates to God’s ongoing faithfulness to Israel — using different OT images (Davidic tent-rebuilding vs. olive-tree grafting). No shared verse, but render both with equal care to avoid a supersessionist (“Gentiles replace Israel”) reading, consistent with the baseline’s existing caution on Romans 9-11. Risk: High.
Rule 10 — Atonement/propitiation escalation (Acts 5:30; 20:28 ↔ Romans 3:25). The baseline’s existing escalation rule (mandatory human theologian review for any atonement/propitiation-language segment) was set with Romans 3:25 in view; this analysis confirms it must extend identically to Acts 5:30 (“hanging him on a tree”), Acts 10:39 (same phrase reused), and Acts 20:28 (“purchased with his own blood”). Once Romans’ own atonement vocabulary is finalized in Phase 2, the Acts curriculum’s rendering of “Bluat,” “erkauft,” and related terms must be checked against it for consistency. Risk: Critical.
Part E — Recommended New Shared translation_memory.json Entries
Arising from the cross-reference work above, the following entries are recommended for addition to the shared translation memory (version increment required per baseline enforcement instructions), since they govern language shared between Acts and Romans and are not yet fixed by the baseline:
| Proposed term | Context | Proposed Bavarian rendering | Risk | Applies to |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| no partiality / no distinction | Acts 10:34; 15:9; Romans 2:11; 3:22; 10:12 | koan Unterschied (adjectival use); Gott mocht koan Unterschied (clausal use) | Critical | Both curricula |
| calling on the name of the Lord | Acts 2:21; 2:38-39; 22:16; Romans 10:13 | wer’n Nam vom Herrn anruaft [already implied by baseline consistency rule; formalized here as an explicit shared entry] | Critical | Both curricula |
| Isaiah 53 Servant-vocabulary anchor set (led like a sheep, silent, stricken, wounded for our transgressions) | Acts 8:32-33; Romans 10:16 | Anchor to existing standard-German ecumenical OT tradition; specific wording to be fixed jointly in Phase 2 review, not improvised independently per curriculum | Critical | Both curricula |
Summary Note on Full-Book Coverage
Every chapter of Acts (1-28) has been reviewed above for OT quotations and allusions. Ten chapters (9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 24, 25, 27) contain no direct OT quotation and are explicitly marked “reviewed” with their strongest available allusion, typological, or literary parallel recorded rather than silently omitted. Ten cross-curriculum rendering-consistency rules (Part D) and three recommended new shared translation-memory entries (Part E) have been identified as required coordination points between this Acts curriculum and the existing Romans baseline.