Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Corinthians — English → Bavarian
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json. Section A lists baseline terms reused unchanged in 2 Corinthians. Section B lists new terms this curriculum must add to translation memory, with proposed Bavarian renderings pending native-speaker dialect confirmation per standing project policy.
Section A — Reused Baseline Terms (Romans TM) Appearing in 2 Corinthians
These renderings are locked by the baseline and MUST be reused exactly, spelling included.
| Term | Bavarian (baseline) | Risk | 2 Corinthians Occurrences (by chapter) |
|---|---|---|---|
| grace | Gnad | High | 1, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12 |
| faith | Glaam | Medium | 1, 4, 5, 13 |
| righteousness | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | 3, 5, 6, 9, 11 |
| salvation | Erlösung | High | 1, 6, 7 |
| apostle | Apostl | Low | 1, 8, 11, 12 |
| called | beruafa | Medium | 5 (calling context) |
| holy | heilig | Medium | 1, 6, 7, 13 |
| saints | Heiling | High | 1, 8, 9, 13 |
| sanctification | Heiligung | Medium | 7 |
| resurrection | Aufersteh’ng | Medium | 4, 5 |
| lord | Herr | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12 |
| son_of_god | Sohn vo Gott | Critical | 1 |
| glory | Herrlichkeit | Medium | 3, 4, 8 |
| power_of_god | Kraft vo Gott | Medium | 4, 12, 13 |
| covenant | Bund | Medium | 3 |
| sin | Sünd | High | 5, 11, 12 |
| gentiles | Heiden | Medium | (implicit, “nations” context) 11 |
| god | Gott | Critical | throughout |
| jesus | Jesus | Low | throughout |
| holy_spirit | Heiliger Geist | Critical | 1, 3, 5, 6, 13 |
| father | Voda | High | 1, 6, 11 |
| exhort | ermahna | Low | 5 (parakaleō, moral-exhortation sense), 7, 9 |
| church | Kirch | High | 1, 8, 11, 12 |
| fellowship | Gmoaschaft | Medium | 1, 6, 8, 13 |
| thanksgiving | Dank | Low | 1, 2, 4, 8, 9 |
| peace | Friad | Low | 1, 13 |
| gospel | Evangelium | Medium | 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 |
| imputed_righteousness (verb family) | zuagrechnete Gerechtigkeit / zuagrechnet | Critical | 5 (v.19, negative form: sins “not imputed”) |
Note: no baseline entry exists for “love” (ἀγάπη); this curriculum formally establishes it below in Section B, though it was informally referenced in the baseline’s tone-guidance system prompt (“brüadaliche Liab”).
Section B — New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians
All entries below require: (1) theologian review flag if Critical/High, (2) native-speaker dialect review regardless of tier, per baseline policy.
| id | Term | Category | Risk | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Definition | Bavarian Term (proposed) | Translation Notes | Key Passages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| reconciliation | Reconciliation | Salvation | Critical | καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω | katallagē / katallassō | God’s objective, once-for-all restoration of sinners to Himself through Christ. | Versöhnung / versöhna | CRITICAL: collides directly with the named Catholic sacrament “Sakrament der Versöhnung” (confession/Beichte), which is experienced as ongoing and priest-mediated; Paul’s reconciliation is a finished divine act to be received, not a repeatable sacramental process. | 5:18-20 |
| new_creation | New Creation | Salvation/Anthropology | High | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | An objective, ontological re-creation of the believer by God in Christ, not gradual self-improvement. | neie Schöpfung | The common idiom “a neier Mensch wern” (become a new person/fresh start) risks flattening this into ordinary personal reform. | 5:17 |
| ministry | Ministry | Church | High | διακονία / διάκονος | diakonia / diakonos | Service in gospel proclamation and church life, not limited to ordained clerical office. | Dienst / Diener | Must avoid “Amt” (clerical office), since Bavarian parish culture strongly reserves religious “Amt”/“Dienst am Altar” language for the ordained priesthood specifically. | 3, 4, 5, 6, 11 |
| forgiveness | Forgiveness (congregational) | Sin/Reconciliation | High | χαρίζομαι | charizomai | Free, congregational extension of forgiveness modeled on God’s own grace. | vergem | Risk of defaulting to priest-mediated sacramental absolution (Beichte) rather than a congregation’s own free forgiveness of an offender. | 2 |
| new_covenant | New Covenant | Covenant | High | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | The Spirit-empowered covenant fulfilling and superseding the Mosaic letter-covenant. | neier Bund | Grounded helpfully by the Mass’s “neuer und ewiger Bund” but risks narrowing to a purely Eucharistic-liturgical formula rather than Paul’s letter/Spirit argument. | 3 |
| letter_and_spirit | Letter and Spirit | Covenant | Medium | γράμμα / πνεῦμα | gramma / pneuma | The Mosaic law’s external written demand versus the Spirit’s internal life-giving work. | Buachstab und Geist | The idiom “dem Buchstaben nach” risks a merely legalistic reading rather than Paul’s law/Spirit contrast. | 3 |
| veil | Veil (Moses’ veil) | Covenant | Medium | κάλυμμα | kalymma | Symbol of hardened perception of the old covenant’s fading glory. | Schleia | Risk of association with Lenten image-veiling (Fastentuch) or Marian veil devotion rather than obscured spiritual perception. | 3, 4 |
| transformed | Transformed (into Christ’s likeness) | Sanctification | Medium | μεταμορφούμεθα | metamorphoumetha | Ongoing Spirit-wrought transformation of believers into Christ’s image. | verwandlt | Must be kept distinct from “verklärt” (reserved for Christ’s Transfiguration event) to avoid a one-time-event connotation. | 3 |
| boldness | Boldness (apostolic) | Apostleship | Medium | παρρησία | parrēsia | Confident, open apostolic speech. | Freimuat | Low collision risk; register-gap abstraction. | 3, 7, 10 |
| temple_of_god | Temple of God (corporate) | Church | High | ναὸς θεοῦ | naos theou | Believers corporately as God’s dwelling place, not a building. | Tempel vo Gott | Parallel risk to baseline church/“Kirch”: strong default to the physical parish building given Bavarian village religious culture. | 6 |
| godly_sorrow | Godly Sorrow | Sanctification | High | λύπη κατὰ θεόν | lypē kata theon | Sorrow leading to genuine repentance, distinct from mere worldly regret. | Reue noch Gottes Wuin | Overlaps helpfully but risks narrowing to sacramental-confession contrition specifically. | 7 |
| repentance | Repentance | Sanctification | High | μετάνοια | metanoia | Genuine inward reorientation toward God. | Buß / Umkehr | Strongly defaults to the sacrament of Penance in lived Bavarian Catholic practice; must retain the inward, non-ritual sense. | 7 |
| comfort | Comfort (consolation) | Ministry | Medium | παράκλησις | paraklēsis | God’s active consolation sustaining believers through affliction. | Tröstung / Trost | Shares a root with baseline “exhort”/“ermahna” (parakaleō) but is a distinct sense; track separately per occurrence. | 1, 7 |
| affliction | Affliction | Ministry/Suffering | High | θλῖψις | thlipsis | Real hardship endured in gospel ministry. | Leidn / Bedrängnis | Bavarian Passion-piety devotional tradition (votive suffering, Kreuzweg) risks a meritorious-suffering reading. | 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 |
| love | Love | Ministry/Ethics | Medium | ἀγάπη | agapē | Self-giving, covenantal love, not generic affection. | Liab | Everyday “Liab” defaults to romantic/family affection; must be anchored explicitly (“vom Christus,” “vo Gott”) each occurrence. | 5, 13 |
| ambassador | Ambassador (for Christ) | Apostleship | Medium | πρεσβεύω | presbeuō | Christ’s authorized representative announcing His accomplished reconciliation. | Gsandter (vo Christus) | Must be explicitly anchored “vo Christus” to avoid a purely secular-diplomatic reading. | 5 |
| fear_of_the_lord | Fear of the Lord | God/Judgment | High | φόβος τοῦ κυρίου | phobos tou kyriou | Reverential awe before God’s coming evaluation, motivating sincere ministry. | Furcht vor’m Herrn | Must retain eschatological weight, not merely general respect. | 5 |
| judgment_seat_of_christ | Judgment Seat of Christ | Eschatology | High | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ | bēma tou Christou | Christ’s evaluation of believers’ works, distinct from final judgment of the lost. | Richterstui vom Christus | Must be distinguished from Catholic particular-judgment/purgatory associations. | 5 |
| sincerity | Sincerity | Apostleship | Medium | εἰλικρίνεια | eilikrineia | Purity of motive in ministry, transparent before God and hearers. | Lauterkeit | Register-gap abstraction, borrowed pattern parallel to baseline righteousness/justification. | 1, 2 |
| boasting | Boasting (legitimate vs. illegitimate) | Apostleship | Medium | καυχάομαι / καύχημα | kauchaomai / kauchēma | Boasting “in the Lord” (legitimate) versus self-promoting boasting (illegitimate). | sich rühma | Context-sensitive; must be tracked per occurrence across chs. 5, 10, 11, 12. | 5, 10, 11, 12 |
| false_apostles | False Apostles | Apostleship | High | ψευδαπόστολοι | pseudapostoloi | Deceptive rivals falsely claiming apostolic authority. | falsche Apostl | Modifier “falsche” raises stakes on an otherwise Low-risk baseline term (“Apostl”); discernment doctrine load-bearing. | 11 |
| angel_of_light | Angel of Light (Satan disguised) | Spiritual Warfare | High | ἄγγελος φωτός | angelos phōtos | Satan’s capacity to disguise deception as legitimate spiritual authority. | Engl vom Liacht | Bavarian folk devil-figure culture (Krampus, Perchten) risks trivializing/folklorizing this into costume-imagery rather than a serious warning. | 11 |
| pure_virgin | Pure Virgin (church as bride) | Church | Medium | παρθένος ἁγνή | parthenos hagnē | Metaphor for the church’s undivided faithfulness to Christ. | reine Jungfrau | May over-identify with Marian virginity devotion rather than the corporate-church metaphor. | 11 |
| thorn_in_the_flesh | Thorn in the Flesh | Suffering | High | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | skolops tē sarki | A severe, God-permitted affliction keeping Paul humble. | Stachl im Fleisch | Related idiom “Dorn im Auge” (pet peeve) risks trivializing this into minor annoyance. | 12 |
| weakness | Weakness (as locus of power) | Suffering/Power | High | ἀσθένεια | astheneia | The paradoxical place where God’s power is displayed. | Schwachheit | Risk of a folk-Catholic heroic-suffering/merit reading rather than God’s power displayed through insufficiency. | 11, 12, 13 |
| generosity | Generosity | Giving | Low | ἁπλότης (related) | haplotēs | Free, joyful liberality in giving. | Freigebigkeit | Low risk. | 8, 9 |
| collection | Collection (for the saints) | Giving | Medium | λογεία | logeia | The voluntary financial collection expressing cross-congregational unity. | Kollekt / Sammlung | ”Kollekte” is grounded in existing Mass-offertory usage but risks conflation with routine church-tax culture (Kirchensteuer) rather than voluntary grace-giving. | 8, 9 |
| equality | Equality (material) | Giving | Low | ἰσότης | isotēs | Mutual material sharing among churches. | Gleichheit | Low risk. | 8 |
| cheerful_giver | Cheerful Giver | Giving | Low | ἱλαρὸς δότης | hilaros dotēs | One who gives joyfully, not under compulsion. | a fröhliga Geber | Low risk. | 9 |
| sowing_and_reaping | Sowing and Reaping | Giving | Low | σπείρω / θερίζω | speirō / therizō | Agricultural metaphor for generosity’s proportional return. | säa und ernt’n | Positive grounding in rural Bavarian farming culture. | 9 |
| treasure_in_jars_of_clay | Treasure in Jars of Clay | Ministry | Low | θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν | thēsauros en ostrakinois skeuesin | The gospel’s power displayed through frail human ministers. | Schatz in irdene Gfäß | Concrete metaphor; must not be moralized away. | 4 |
| outer_inner_man | Outer/Inner Man | Anthropology | Medium | ἔξω/ἔσω ἄνθρωπος | exō/esō anthrōpos | The believer’s outward decay versus inward renewal. | da äußere und da innere Mensch | Abstract register-gap phrase, borrowed. | 4 |
| unequally_yoked | Unequally Yoked | Ethics | Medium | ἑτεροζυγέω | heterozygeō | Warning against compromising alliance between believers and unbelief. | ungleich im Joch | Yoke/farming imagery resonates naturally in rural Bavarian dialect culture. | 6 |
| satan | Satan | Spiritual Warfare | Medium | Σατανᾶς | Satanas | A real, personal spiritual adversary. | Satan | Borrowed as-is; sharper collision risk documented under angel_of_light (ch. 11). | 2, 11, 12 |
| seal_and_guarantee | Seal and Guarantee (of the Spirit) | Assurance | Medium | σφραγίς / ἀρραβών | sphragis / arrabōn | God’s ownership mark and pledge of future inheritance via the Spirit. | Siegel / Pfand | ”Pfand” is a commercial-deposit term; must not suggest a transactional exchange for grace. | 1, 5 |
| aroma_of_christ | Aroma of Christ | Ministry | Low | εὐωδία Χριστοῦ | euōdia Christou | The gospel’s effect diffused through faithful ministers. | Wohlgeruch vom Christus | Positive grounding via incense (Weihrauch) association. | 2 |
| triumph | Triumph (procession) | Ministry | Low | θριαμβεύω | thriambeuō | Christ’s victory procession, in which believers participate. | im Triumph füahn | Obscure Roman-imagery idiom; needs brief explanatory gloss. | 2 |
| test_yourselves | Test/Examine Yourselves | Sanctification | Medium | δοκιμάζετε | dokimazete | Self-examination regarding genuine faith. | prüaft enk | Low-medium risk; closing exhortation of the letter. | 13 |
| holy_kiss | Holy Kiss | Fellowship | Low | ἅγιον φίλημα | hagion philēma | First-century greeting expressing genuine Christian fellowship. | heiliga Kuss | Cultural-greeting adaptation note; functional equivalent (handshake/embrace) may be used in oral teaching contexts while text retains the literal phrase. | 13 |
| measure_sphere | Measure/Sphere (of ministry) | Apostleship | Medium | κανών / μέτρον | kanōn / metron | Paul’s God-assigned sphere of ministry authority. | Maßstab / zuagteilte Bereich | Minor risk of confusion with the unrelated “biblical canon” sense of the same root. | 10 |
| godly_jealousy | Godly Jealousy | Apostleship | Medium | ζῆλος θεοῦ | zēlos theou | Protective zeal for the church’s undivided devotion to Christ. | Eifer für Gott | Medium; must not read as petty jealousy. | 11 |
| trespass | Trespass | Sin | Medium | παράπτωμα | paraptōma | A moral failure/false step, near-synonym of “hamartia” but emphasizing the act. | Fehltritt | Distinct nuance from baseline “Sünd”; track contextually. | 5 |
| world | World (universal scope) | Salvation | Medium | κόσμος | kosmos | The universal scope of God’s reconciling work, no ethnic/regional limit. | Welt | Must retain universal-scope force per baseline universal_scope_of_gospel. | 5 |
Risk Summary (Section B, new terms only)
| Risk Tier | Count |
|---|---|
| Critical | 1 (reconciliation) |
| High | 12 |
| Medium | 17 |
| Low | 8 |
| Total new terms | 38 |
All Critical/High entries above require mandatory human theologian review routing when encountered in Phase 2 segment translation, consistent with the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json review-routing convention. All entries, regardless of tier, require native-speaker dialect/orthography review before being written into the enforced translation memory, per the baseline’s standing policy on Bavarian’s lack of standardized orthography.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Borrowed standard-German form retained per the baseline’s register-gap finding. In 2 Corinthians 5:21 and 9:10 must not collapse into moral achievement or the natural fruit of generous conduct.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians (1:2-3, 3:17-18, 4:5, 5:6-11, 8:5, 10:17-18, 11:31, 12:1, 13:14).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Sohn vo Gott
Transliteration: Sohn vom Gott
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1:19; full phrase required, conveying eternal, unique Sonship.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Herrgott’ reserved for folk-devotional contexts only. In 2 Corinthians 4:4 (‘the god of this age’) the phrase must always carry an explicit qualifier (‘da Gott vo dera Welt do’) and never appear as bare ‘Gott’, to avoid any implication of a second true deity.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2 Corinthians 3 (Spirit versus letter) and the seal/guarantee doctrine of 1:22 and 5:5; retain full co-equal Trinitarian force at 13:14, resisting any Jehovah’s-Witness-style subordinating rendering.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: zuagrechnete Gerechtigkeit / need zuagrechnet
Transliteration: zuagrechnate Gerechtigkeit / need zuagrechnat
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: verdiante Gerechtigkeit
Original: λογίζομαι εἰς δικαιοσύνην / μὴ λογιζόμενος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Corinthians 5:19’s ‘not imputing their trespasses’ (negative mirror form) must use this identical verb family (‘need zuagrechnet’) for cross-curriculum theological consistency with Romans 4.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Versöhnung / versöhna
Transliteration: Vasöhnung / vasöhna
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Beichte (confession, rejected - collapses into an ongoing repeatable sacramental frame), Wiedergutmachung (making amends/restitution, rejected - too transactional)
Original: καταλλαγή / καταλλάσσω
Category: Salvation
New term for 2 Corinthians. CRITICAL: collides directly with the named Catholic sacrament ‘Sakrament der Versöhnung’ (Beichte), popularly experienced as ongoing, priest-mediated, repeatable. Paul’s reconciliation (5:18-21) is God’s finished, once-for-all act offered to the whole world, received by faith, not administered sacramentally. Every occurrence should be anchored with ‘was Gott durch Christus scho vollbracht hot’ (what God has already accomplished through Christ). Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: hot’n zur Sünd gmacht (für uns) / gstorbn für
Transliteration: hot’n zur Sind gmocht (für ins) / gstorbn fia
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Rejected alternatives: hot’n wia a Sünder gmacht (treated him as a sinner, rejected - implies mere identification, not representative bearing of guilt)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν / ὑπὲρ … ἀπέθανεν
Category: Salvation
New term for 2 Corinthians. CRITICAL: the single highest-stakes clause in the core passage (5:21). Christ must be understood as bearing sin’s guilt/penalty representatively, never as becoming morally sinful in nature. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence, no exceptions.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Bavarian Catholic devotional-transaction undertone must be resisted. In 2 Corinthians 8-9 this term is newly applied to financial giving and must retain the identical ‘apart from any devotional transaction’ force there, resisting both a votive-offering reading and a Kirchensteuer/Kollekte reading of giving-to-obtain-favor.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk, acute in Bavaria specifically)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Heil’ remains forbidden. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1, 6, 7.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heiling
Transliteration: de Heiling
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The patron-saint/Namenstag collision documented in the baseline applies identically in 2 Corinthians 1:1, 8:4, 9:1, 9:12, 13:12-13; gloss with ‘alle Gläubign’ wherever the corporate sense is intended.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünd
Transliteration: Sind
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2 Corinthians 5:21’s substitutionary formula and 5:19’s ‘sins not imputed’; the colloquial ‘what a shame’ drift risk applies identically here.
Father
Approved rendering: Voda
Transliteration: Voter
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1:3, 6:18, 11:31.
Church
Approved rendering: Kirch
Transliteration: Kircha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Gmoa (secular-administrative default, rejected)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians (1:1, 8:1, 8:19, 8:23, 11:8, 11:28, 12:13); see also the new but architecturally-parallel ‘temple_of_god’ entry below (6:16).
New Creation
Approved rendering: neie Schöpfung
Transliteration: neie Schepfung
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Rejected alternatives: a neier Mensch wern (become a new person/turn over a new leaf, rejected - the everyday folk idiom for ordinary self-improvement, flattens Paul’s ontological re-creation)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation/Anthropology
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:17). THEME TERM. Prefer passive constructions (‘is neu gschaffa wordn’) keeping God, not the person, as grammatical agent.
Ministry
Approved rendering: Dienst / Diena
Transliteration: Dienst / Diener
Doctrine: Ministry of Reconciliation (Apostolic Task)
Rejected alternatives: Amt (clerical office, rejected - Bavarian parish culture reserves this for the ordained priesthood exclusively)
Original: διακονία / διάκονος
Category: Church
New term for 2 Corinthians (3, 4, 5, 6, 11). Must remain broad enough to include all believers who proclaim the gospel, not only ordained clergy.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: vergem
Transliteration: vergebm
Doctrine: Congregational Forgiveness
Rejected alternatives: beichten-basierte Vergebung (confession-mediated forgiveness, rejected)
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Sin
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:5-11). Must be framed as the congregation’s own free, corporate act toward a repentant offender, modeled on but distinct from priest-mediated sacramental absolution (Beichte).
New Covenant
Approved rendering: neier Bund
Transliteration: neia Bund
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:1-18). The Mass’s ‘Kelch des neuen und ewigen Bundes’ formula helps ground the phrase but risks narrowing it to a Eucharistic-liturgical reference alone; pair with ‘Buachstab und Geist’ at first occurrence per lesson to anchor Paul’s broader argument.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: Tempel vo Gott
Transliteration: Tempel vom Gott
Doctrine: Temple of God (Corporate, not Architectural)
Original: ναὸς θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term for 2 Corinthians (6:16). Parallel to the baseline’s ‘Kirch’ collision: must be framed corporately (‘mia sand da Tempel’) rather than as an architectural noun phrase, given the Kirchweih/Kirwa festival culture anchoring church-vocabulary to buildings.
Godly Sorrow
Approved rendering: Reue noch Gottes Wuin
Transliteration: Reue nach Gottes Willen
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν
Category: Sanctification
New term for 2 Corinthians (7:8-11). Overlaps helpfully with Catholic Reue/Zerknirschung tradition but risks narrowing to sacramental-confession contrition specifically rather than Paul’s broader repentance-producing sorrow.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Buß / Umkehr
Transliteration: Buaß / Umkehr
Doctrine: Godly Sorrow and Repentance
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Sanctification
New term for 2 Corinthians (7:8-11). Strongly defaults toward the sacrament of Penance/Beichte in lived Bavarian Catholic practice; must retain the inward, non-ritual reorientation sense.
Affliction
Approved rendering: Leidn / Bedrängnis
Transliteration: Leiden / Bedrängnis
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Suffering
New term for 2 Corinthians (1, 4, 6, 7, 8, 11). Bavarian Passion piety (Kreuzweg devotions, votive suffering-offerings) risks implying suffering itself is meritorious; Paul’s point is God’s active comfort in affliction, not the merit of affliction.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Furcht vor’m Herrn
Transliteration: Furcht vorm Herrn
Doctrine: Fear of the Lord (Motivating Sincere Ministry)
Original: φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: God
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:11). Must retain eschatological weight tied to Christ’s judgment seat (5:10), not collapse into mere everyday respect-for-authority.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: Richterstui vom Christus
Transliteration: Richterstuhl vom Christus
Doctrine: Judgment Seat of Christ
Original: βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:10). Must be carefully distinguished from Catholic particular-judgment/purgatory associations; a reward-evaluation of believers’ works, not purgation of sin.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: falsche Apostl
Transliteration: falsche Apostel
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:13). The modifier ‘falsche’ substantially raises the stakes of the otherwise Low-risk baseline term ‘Apostl’; no established Bavarian dialect vocabulary distinguishes degrees of apostolic legitimacy. Elevated caution: the Neuapostolische Kirche’s ongoing-apostleship claims are a live, sharp South-German/Bavarian sectarian collision risk in chs. 10-12; never imply ongoing apostolic succession.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: Engl vom Liacht
Transliteration: Engel vom Licht
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satan’s Deception
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:14). Bavarian Alpine folk-devil culture (Krampus, Perchten processions) risks trivializing/folklorizing Satan into costume imagery; prefer prose stressing deceptive appearance (‘gibt si aus als’) over static costume-like description, and avoid proximity to seasonal-festival vocabulary.
Thorn In The Flesh
Approved rendering: Stachl im Fleisch
Transliteration: Stachel im Fleisch
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: Dorn im Auge (a thorn in one’s eye, minor pet peeve idiom, rejected - trivializes a severe God-permitted affliction)
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Suffering
New term for 2 Corinthians (12:7). Must retain severity language (‘a schwere Plog’) and never drift toward the trivializing ‘Dorn im Auge’ idiom.
Weakness
Approved rendering: Schwachheit
Transliteration: Schwachheit
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Suffering
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:30, 12:1-10, 13:4). Risk of collision with a folk-Catholic heroic-suffering/martyr-merit frame; must always co-occur with ‘Kraft vo Gott’ in the same sentence to keep the power-through-weakness paradox structurally visible, not the sufferer’s own merit.
Flesh
Approved rendering: Fleisch / noch da Fleisch
Transliteration: Fleisch / nach dem Fleisch
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: σάρξ
Category: Anthropology
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:16, 4:4 ‘the god of this age’). A literal-only rendering flattens Paul’s dual usage; the fallen-perspective/worldly-standard sense (‘noch da Fleisch’) must be distinguished from the neutral bodily sense.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The formal, liturgically borrowed term versus the folk-paraphrase ‘de guade Nachricht’. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 2, 4, 8, 9, 10, 11 with no new collision risk beyond the baseline.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Personal trust in Christ, not generic folk-Catholic religiosity. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1, 4, 5, 13.
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 5 in the general believer’s-calling sense.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1, 6, 7, 13.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 7:1.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Aufersteh’ng
Transliteration: Auferstehung
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 4:14 and 5:1-5 extended to the believer’s own future resurrection body, not only Christ’s; must never suggest reincarnation or a repeating cycle.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the fading-versus-surpassing-glory argument of 2 Corinthians 3-4.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Kraft vo Gott
Transliteration: Kroft vom Gott
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 4:7 and 12:9 must convey capability/might displayed precisely through frailty; always co-locate with ‘Schwachheit’ in the same sentence in ch. 12 to preserve the power-through-weakness paradox structurally.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Base term for the new ‘new_covenant’ compound established below for 2 Corinthians 3.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Hoaden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in 2 Corinthians 11’s broader mission context.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Gmoaschaft
Transliteration: Gemoaschoft
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1:7, 6:14, 8:4, 9:13, 13:14.
Letter And Spirit
Approved rendering: Buachstab und Geist
Transliteration: Buchstab und Geist
Doctrine: Letter and Spirit
Original: γράμμα / πνεῦμα
Category: Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:6). The idiom ‘dem Buchstaben nach’ (to the letter, precise) risks a neutral legalistic-precision reading rather than Paul’s negative letter-kills/Spirit-gives-life contrast.
Veil
Approved rendering: Schleia
Transliteration: Schleier
Doctrine: Veiled Glory of the Old Covenant
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:13-16, 4:3-4). Must be tied explicitly to obscured spiritual perception, not devotional cloth practice (Fastentuch/Hungertuch Lenten veiling, Marian veil imagery).
Transformed
Approved rendering: verwandlt
Transliteration: verwandelt
Doctrine: Transformation into Christ’s Likeness
Rejected alternatives: verklärt (rejected - reserved for Christ’s own one-time Transfiguration event)
Original: μεταμορφούμεθα
Category: Sanctification
New term for 2 Corinthians (3:18). Must convey ongoing, progressive Spirit-wrought transformation, not a single historical event.
Boldness
Approved rendering: Freimuat
Transliteration: Freimut
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: παρρησία
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (3, 7, 10). Pure register-gap abstraction; low collision risk.
Comfort
Approved rendering: Tröstung / Trost
Transliteration: Tröschtung / Troscht
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Ministry
New term for 2 Corinthians (1:3-11, 7:5-7). Shares a root with baseline ‘ermahna’ (parakaleō) but is a distinct consolation sense; must always co-locate with ‘Leidn/Bedrängnis’ rather than appear alone.
Love
Approved rendering: Liab
Transliteration: Liebe
Doctrine: Self-Giving Love as the Motive for Ministry
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:14, 13:11, 13:14). Everyday ‘Liab’ defaults to romantic/family affection; must be anchored explicitly ‘vom Christus’/‘vo Gott’ at every doctrinal occurrence.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: Gsandter (vo Christus)
Transliteration: Gesandter (vom Christus)
Doctrine: Ministry of Reconciliation (Apostolic Task)
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:20). Default modern sense is political-diplomatic; must always be anchored ‘vo Christus’ so it is not heard as secular diplomacy.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: Lauterkeit
Transliteration: Lauterkeit
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: εἰλικρίνεια
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (1:12, 2:17, 4:2, 5:11-12, 10:12-18). Register-gap abstraction, borrowed on the same pattern as baseline Gerechtigkeit/Rechtfertigung; no native Boarisch coinage exists.
Boasting
Approved rendering: sich rühma
Transliteration: sich rühmen
Doctrine: Legitimate versus Illegitimate Boasting
Rejected alternatives: aufschneiden / sich aufspielen (everyday pejorative bragging terms, rejected - would import unwanted negative connotation into Paul’s legitimate boasting-in-the-Lord occurrences)
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:12, 10:12-18, 11:16-30, 12:1-10). Context-sensitive between illegitimate self-praise and legitimate boasting ‘in the Lord’; track per occurrence.
Self Commendation
Approved rendering: si selm empfehln
Transliteration: sich selbst empfehlen
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: hausiern (marketplace self-promotion, rejected - too pejorative for Paul’s legitimate self-defense occurrences)
Original: συνιστάνω
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:12, 10:12-18). Must not read as ordinary marketplace self-promotion; context-sensitive between illegitimate self-praise and God’s own commendation.
Satan
Approved rendering: Satan
Transliteration: Satan
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satan’s Deception
Rejected alternatives: da Böse (the evil one, rejected - would weaken the personal, named-adversary force)
Original: Σατανᾶς
Category: Spiritual Warfare
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:10-11, 11:14, 12:7). Borrowed as-is; already an established loanword in Bavarian Catholic vocabulary. Sharper collision risk documented under ‘angel_of_light’.
Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: reine Jungfrau
Transliteration: reine Jungfrau
Doctrine: The Church as Christ’s Pure Bride
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: Church
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:2-3). Bavaria’s intense Marian purity devotion (centered at Altötting) may over-identify this metaphor with Marian virginity theology; must be tied explicitly to the corporate church’s faithfulness to Christ.
Godly Jealousy
Approved rendering: Eifer für Gott
Transliteration: Eifer für Gott
Doctrine: Godly Jealousy for the Church
Original: ζῆλος θεοῦ
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (11:2). Must not read as petty personal jealousy/possessiveness but as protective zeal for the church’s undivided devotion to Christ.
Collection
Approved rendering: Kollekt / Sammlung
Transliteration: Kollekte / Sammlung
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: λογεία
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (8, 9). ‘Kollekte’ is grounded in Mass-offertory usage but risks conflation with compulsory Kirchensteuer culture; qualify with ‘aus freiem Wuin’ (of one’s own free will) at first occurrence per lesson.
Outer Inner Man
Approved rendering: da äußere und da innere Mensch
Transliteration: der äußere und der innere Mensch
Doctrine: Treasure in Jars of Clay (Divine Power Through Frail Vessels)
Original: ἔξω / ἔσω ἄνθρωπος
Category: Anthropology
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:16). Abstract register-gap phrase, borrowed; risk of an over-literal, purely physical reading.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: ungleich im Joch
Transliteration: ungleich im Joch
Doctrine: Unequal Yoke — Separation from Compromising Alliance
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Ethics
New term for 2 Corinthians (6:14). Yoke/farming imagery resonates naturally in rural Bavarian agrarian culture; must retain the specific warning against compromising spiritual alliance, not generic friend/partner-choice advice.
Seal And Guarantee
Approved rendering: Siegel / Pfand
Transliteration: Siegel / Pfand
Doctrine: Assurance via the Spirit’s Seal and Guarantee
Original: σφραγίς / ἀρραβών
Category: Assurance
New term for 2 Corinthians (1:21-22, 5:5). ‘Pfand’ is a commercial-deposit term in everyday usage (e.g. bottle deposit); must not suggest a transactional exchange given in return for grace.
Test Yourselves
Approved rendering: prüaft enk
Transliteration: prüft euch
Doctrine: Self-Examination in the Faith
Original: δοκιμάζετε
Category: Sanctification
New term for 2 Corinthians (13:5). Must retain examination of the genuineness of one’s own faith, not generic self-improvement or moral scorekeeping.
Measure Sphere
Approved rendering: Maßstab / zuagteilte Bereich
Transliteration: Maßstab / zugeteilter Bereich
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: κανών / μέτρον
Category: Apostleship
New term for 2 Corinthians (10:13). Minor risk of confusion with the unrelated ‘biblical canon’ sense of the same Greek root (kanōn).
Trespass
Approved rendering: Fehltritt
Transliteration: Fehltritt
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Sin
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:19). Distinct nuance from baseline ‘Sünd’ (emphasizes the act, a false step, rather than the sinful state); track contextually, especially in 5:19’s ‘not imputing trespasses’.
World
Approved rendering: Welt
Transliteration: Welt
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Reconciliation
Original: κόσμος
Category: Salvation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:19). Must retain unqualified universal scope, parallel to the baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel doctrine — no ethnic or regional narrowing.
In Christ
Approved rendering: in Christus
Transliteration: in Christus
Doctrine: Christian Identity in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:17). Must not be diluted into mere cultural or nominal-Catholic identity, parallel to the baseline’s christian_identity_in_christ doctrine.
Conscience
Approved rendering: Gwissen
Transliteration: Gewissen
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
New term for 2 Corinthians (5:11, 1:12, 4:2). Register-gap abstraction, borrowed as-is; Paul appeals to the Corinthians’ own moral discernment of his integrity.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostl
Transliteration: Apoastl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Otherwise stable, but see the new ‘false_apostles’ entry below, where the modifier ‘falsche’ raises the stakes considerably for 2 Corinthians 10-12; note also the elevated-in-context risk from the Neuapostolische Kirche’s ongoing-apostleship doctrine, a live Bavarian/South-German sectarian collision not present in the Romans context.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 2 Corinthians.
Exhort
Approved rendering: ermahna
Transliteration: ermohna
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Must be distinguished per-occurrence from the distinct ‘comfort’ (consolation) sense of the same Greek root (parakaleō), newly established separately below for 2 Corinthians 1 and 7.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Dank
Transliteration: Donk
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1:11, 2:14, 4:15, 8:16, 9:11-12.
Peace
Approved rendering: Friad
Transliteration: Friade
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in 2 Corinthians 1:2, 13:11.
Generosity
Approved rendering: Freigebigkeit
Transliteration: Freigebigkeit
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἁπλότης
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (8, 9). Low risk; standard vocabulary.
Equality
Approved rendering: Gleichheit
Transliteration: Gleichheit
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (8:13-14). Low risk, standard term.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: a fröhliga Geber
Transliteration: a fröhlicher Geber
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (9:7). Low risk, concrete positive image.
Sowing And Reaping
Approved rendering: säa und ernt’n
Transliteration: säen und ernten
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Giving
New term for 2 Corinthians (9:6). Strong positive cultural grounding in rural Bavarian farming life; lean fully into this image, no competing negative frame.
Treasure In Jars Of Clay
Approved rendering: Schatz in irdene Gfäß
Transliteration: Schatz in irdenen Gefäßen
Doctrine: Treasure in Jars of Clay (Divine Power Through Frail Vessels)
Original: θησαυρὸς ἐν ὀστρακίνοις σκεύεσιν
Category: Ministry
New term for 2 Corinthians (4:7). Concrete metaphor; must be kept as an image of the gospel’s power through frail ministers, not moralized into generic humility teaching.
Aroma Of Christ
Approved rendering: Wohlgeruch vom Christus
Transliteration: Wohlgeruch vom Christus
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: εὐωδία Χριστοῦ
Category: Ministry
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:14-16). Positive grounding via incense (Weihrauch) association in Catholic liturgical sensibility; retain the fuller phrase rather than Merkle’s plainer paraphrase ‘guade Duft’ for teaching contexts.
Triumph
Approved rendering: im Triumph füahn
Transliteration: im Triumph führen
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θριαμβεύω
Category: Ministry
New term for 2 Corinthians (2:14). Obscure Roman-imagery idiom; no native dialect equivalent exists, requires a brief explanatory gloss at first occurrence.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: heiliga Kuss
Transliteration: heiliger Kuss
Doctrine: Mutual Fellowship and Christian Greeting
Original: ἅγιον φίλημα
Category: Fellowship
New term for 2 Corinthians (13:12). Retain the literal phrase in text; a handshake or embrace may serve as the natural functional Bavarian equivalent in oral teaching contexts only, never substituted into the text itself.
Referenced passages