Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Galatians (English → Bavarian)
Purpose
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all six chapters of Galatians, with its Bavarian rendering and translation risk. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Reuse] and MUST be rendered exactly as in the baseline. New terms introduced by Galatians are marked [New] and are proposed here for addition to translation memory in Phase 1 Step 8/Phase 2 onboarding, pending native-speaker dialect confirmation.
Legend — Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low, per the baseline’s risk_definitions.
Legend — Status: [Reuse] = baseline term, unchanged; [Reuse-Elevated] = baseline term, contextual risk emphasis raised for this curriculum; [New] = new term proposed for this curriculum.
Chapter 1
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | Apostl | Medium | [Reuse-Elevated] | Paul’s Apostleship | Baseline term/risk unchanged (Low); argumentative weight in Gal 1 elevates contextual stakes. |
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | euangelion | Evangelium | Medium | [Reuse] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Baseline term unchanged. |
| a different gospel | ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον | heteron euangelion | a anders Evangelium | Critical | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | ἕτερος = a different-in-kind, disqualifying gospel, not innocuous variety. |
| pervert (the gospel) | μεταστρέφω | metastrepsai | verdraht / verkeahrt | High | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Active corruption of content, not stylistic variance. |
| anathema / accursed | ἀνάθεμα | anathema | Anathema (transliterated) / aus’gschlossn vo Gott | Critical | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Avoid folk-curse register; collides with living Alpine folk-curse/counter-curse tradition. |
| slave/servant of Christ | δοῦλος Χριστοῦ | doulos Christou | Sklave/Diener vom Christus | Medium | [New] | Freedom in Christ (contrast pole) | Positive belonging-to-Christ sense; do not confuse with negative law-bondage sense in ch. 5. |
| revelation | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | Offenbarung | Medium | [New] | Paul’s Apostleship | Register-gap borrowed term, no native coinage. |
| Judaism | Ἰουδαϊσμός | Ioudaismos | Judentum | Low | [New] | Paul’s Apostleship (background) | Named religious system, distinct from ethnic “Jew.” |
| churches | ἐκκλησίαι | ekklēsiai | Kirch | High | [Reuse] | Church as God’s People | Baseline term/risk unchanged. Plural regional-assembly nuance must survive. |
| glorify | δοξάζω | doxazō | Gott preisn | Low | [New] | (cognate: Glory/Herrlichkeit) | Doxological response to grace. |
Chapter 2 (full chapter, including core-passage terms)
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| circumcision | περιτομή | peritomē | Beschneidung | Critical | [New] | Circumcision and the New Creation | Collides with the traditional Catholic Feast of the Circumcision of the Lord (1 Jan). Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| uncircumcision | ἀκροβυστία | akrobystia | Unbeschnittne | Medium | [New] | Circumcision and the New Creation | Paired with circumcision term; lower risk, no Feast-day collision. |
| false brothers | ψευδάδελφοι | pseudadelphoi | falsche Brüada | Medium | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Distinguish from genuine “brotherly love” language. |
| freedom / liberty | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | Freiheit | Critical | [New] | Freedom in Christ | Borrowed standard-German form; guard against both political over-tones and libertinism misreading. |
| enslave | καταδουλόω | katadoulousin | versklava / in d’Sklaverei bringa | Medium | [New] | Freedom in Christ (negative pole) | Antithetical to eleutheria. |
| truth of the gospel | ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου | alētheia tou euangeliou | d’Wahrheit vom Evangelium | High | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Precise doctrinal-content claim, not general trustworthiness. |
| fellowship | κοινωνία | koinōnia | Gmoaschaft | Low | [Reuse] | Christian Fellowship | Baseline term unchanged. |
| pillars | στῦλοι | styloi | Säula | Low | [New] | Paul’s Apostleship (context) | Metaphor transfers naturally. |
| hypocrisy | ὑπόκρισις | hypokrisis | Scheinheiligkeit / Heuchelei | Medium | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Watch unintended echo with “heilig” root. |
| walking uprightly | ὀρθοποδέω | orthopodousin | grod geh | Low | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Anticipates “walk by the Spirit” (ch. 5). |
| Judaize | Ἰουδαΐζειν | Ioudaizein | wia Juden lebn müassn (descriptive) | Medium-High | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | No native one-word equivalent; descriptive rendering required. |
| Jews | Ἰουδαῖοι | Ioudaioi | Juden | Low-Medium | [New] | (identity background) | Distinguish 1st-c. covenant identity from modern geopolitical usage. |
| Gentiles | ἐξ ἐθνῶν | ex ethnōn | Heiden | Medium | [Reuse] | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Baseline term unchanged. |
| sinner | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlos | Sünder | Low | [New] | Universal Human Accountability (cognate of Sünd) | Retain full moral-culpability weight. |
| justified / justification (verb) | δικαιόω | dikaioō | (verb forms of) Rechtfertigung | Critical | [Reuse-root] | Justification by Faith | Verbal cognate of baseline Rechtfertigung/Gerechtigkeit; forensic declaration, not moral transformation. |
| works of the law | ἔργα νόμου | erga nomou | Werk vom Gsetz | Critical | [New] | Law and Grace | Built on baseline Gsetz (High); reliance on law-keeping for standing before God. |
| faith in Christ | πίστις Χριστοῦ | pistis Christou | Glaam an Christus | High | [Reuse] | Justification by Faith | Genitive ambiguity (subjective/objective) flagged; object of faith must be explicit. |
| flesh | σάρξ | sarx | Fleisch | High | [New] | Law and Grace; Flesh versus Spirit | Polysemy: neutral-physical vs. sin-nature senses; risk of Lenten-fasting dietary association. |
| servant/minister | διάκονος | diakonos | Diener | Low | [New] | (rhetorical, Gal 2:17) | General agent sense, not later church office. |
| ”God forbid” | μὴ γένοιτο | mē genoito | Des sei fern! / Auf koan Fall! | Low | [New] | (idiom) | Natural Bavarian idiom of equal rhetorical force. |
| transgressor | παραβάτης | parabatēs | Übertreter | Medium | [New] | Law and Grace | Covenantal/gospel transgression sense, not petty rule-breaking. |
| law | νόμος | nomos | Gsetz | High | [Reuse] | Law and Grace; The Law’s Purpose | Baseline term/risk unchanged. |
| crucified with Christ | συσταυρωθῆναι / συνεσταύρωμαι | synestaurōmai | mit Christus mitgkreuzigt | Critical | [New] | Crucified with Christ | Once-for-all Spirit-wrought union, not ongoing self-mortification. See also “cross” (ch. 6). |
| love (having loved) | ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη | agapaō / agapē | Liab | Medium | [New] | Faith Working through Love | New baseline term; covenantal self-giving love, not romantic/family affection alone. |
| gave himself up (for me) | παραδίδωμι ἑαυτόν | paradontos heauton | hat sich selbst für mi hi’gebn | High | [New] | Crucified with Christ (atonement) | Substitutionary “for me” must not be weakened. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | huiou tou theou | Sohn vo Gott | Critical | [Reuse] | Sonship of Christ | Baseline term/risk unchanged; full phrase required. |
| nullify (grace) | ἀθετέω | athetō | nét aufheben / nét für nix erkläan | Medium | [New] | Law and Grace | Legal/contractual “annul” nuance, not vague disregard. |
| grace | χάρις | charis | Gnad | High | [Reuse] | Law and Grace | Baseline term/risk unchanged; mandatory theologian review (grace-vs-works passage). |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | dikaiosynē | Gerechtigkeit | Critical | [Reuse] | Justification by Faith | Baseline term/risk unchanged. |
| for nothing / in vain | δωρεάν | dōrean | für nix / umasunst | Medium-High | [New] | Justification by Faith | Select “needlessly,” not the alternate “gratis/free-gift” sense. |
| imputed righteousness | ἐλογίσθη … εἰς δικαιοσύνην | elogisthē … eis dikaiosynēn | zuagrechnete Gerechtigkeit | Critical | [Reuse] | Justification by Faith | Baseline term/risk unchanged; forbidden substitution “verdiante Gerechtigkeit” applies. |
Chapter 3
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| bewitched | ἐβάσκανεν | ebaskanen | wer hat enk verhext? (flagged) | Critical | [New] | True Gospel vs. False Gospels | Collides with living Alpine “evil eye”/folk-magic tradition; figurative deception, not literal sorcery. |
| Abraham | Ἀβραάμ | Abraam | Abraham | Low | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Standard proper-name form. |
| blessing | εὐλογία | eulogia | Segn | Medium | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Contrasted with κατάρα (curse). |
| curse | κατάρα | katara | Fluach | High | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise; Crucified with Christ | Same folk-curse collision as anathema; core substitutionary-atonement term (3:13). |
| redeem / redemption | ἐξαγοράζω | exagorazō | hat uns freikaaft | High | [New] | Law’s Purpose; Adoption and Sonship | Distinct from baseline Erlösung; preserves slave-purchase imagery. New coinage, flag for native-speaker review. |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία | epangelia | Verhoassung | Critical | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Distinct category from Bund (covenant); received by faith, not law. |
| seed / offspring | σπέρμα | sperma | Nachkomme vom Abraham | Critical | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Singular/plural typological argument (3:16) must be explicitly disambiguated. |
| covenant | διαθήκη | diathēkē | Bund | Medium | [Reuse] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise; Davidic Covenant | Baseline term/risk unchanged. |
| mediator | μεσίτης | mesitēs | Mittler | High | [New] | The Law’s Purpose | Collides with Marian “Mittlerin aller Gnaden” devotional title. |
| guardian/disciplinarian (paidagōgos) | παιδαγωγός | paidagōgos | Zuchtmoasta / Aufpasser | High | [New] | The Law’s Purpose | Temporary custodial role; avoid “teacher” (collides with Catholic natural-law permanent-guide framing). |
| baptized (into Christ) | βαπτίζω | ebaptisthēte | tauft / Taufe | High | [New] | Adoption and Sonship; Christian Identity | Collides with sacramental infant-baptism folk tradition; Spirit-union sense must be explicit. |
| Greek | Ἕλλην | Hellēn | Griech | Low | [New] | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Represents Gentile identity alongside Heiden. |
| slave / free | δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος | doulos / eleutheros | Sklave / Freie | Medium | [New] | Freedom in Christ; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | Consistent with freedom/slavery vocabulary throughout. |
| heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | Erb | Medium | [New] | Adoption and Sonship | Must stay tied to promise/adoption doctrines, not mere financial inheritance. |
Chapter 4
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elements/elemental principles of the world | στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου | stoicheia tou kosmou | Grundkräft vo dera Welt (glossed) | High | [New] | The Law’s Purpose | Collides with Alpine folk-astrological/calendrical (Bauernkalender) cosmology. |
| fullness of time | πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου | plērōma tou chronou | wia de Zeit erfüllt woa | Low | [New] | Incarnation; Providence (cognate) | Salvation-historical timing marker. |
| adoption | υἱοθεσία | huiothesia | Kindschaft | Medium | [Reuse] | Adoption and Sonship | Baseline term/risk unchanged. |
| Abba, Father | Ἀββά ὁ πατήρ | Abba ho patēr | Abba, Voda | Medium | [Reuse] | Adoption and Sonship | Baseline terms unchanged; must match Romans 8:15 rendering exactly. |
| days, months, seasons, years (calendar observance) | ἡμέρας, μῆνας, καιρούς, ἐνιαυτούς | hēmeras, mēnas, kairous, eniautous | Feiertäg, Monat, Zeitn, Jahr (descriptive) | Medium | [New] | The Law’s Purpose | Critique targets calendar-as-justification-basis, not liturgical/feast-day culture itself; flag to avoid pastoral misstep. |
| allegory | ἀλληγορέω | allēgoroumena | Allegorie / Sinnbild | Medium | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Avoid “Gleichnis” (parable) — distinct genre from Jesus’ parables. |
| free woman / slave woman | ἐλευθέρα / παιδίσκη | eleuthera / paidiskē | freie Frau / Sklavin | Medium | [New] | Freedom in Christ | Ties to Hagar/Sarah typology. |
| children of promise | τέκνα ἐπαγγελίας | tekna epangelias | Kinder vo da Verhoassung | Medium | [New] | Abrahamic Covenant and Promise | Linked terminologically to ch. 3 “promise.” |
Chapter 5
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| freedom | ἐλευθερία | eleutheria | Freiheit | Critical | [New] | Freedom in Christ | Central doctrinal statement (5:1); guard against both legalistic and libertinism misreadings. |
| yoke of slavery | ζυγὸς δουλείας | zygos douleias | s’Joch vo da Sklaverei | Medium | [New] | Freedom in Christ | Agricultural yoke-image fits rural Bavarian culture well. |
| circumcision | περιτομή | peritomē | Beschneidung | Critical | [Reuse] | Circumcision and the New Creation | Same term as ch. 2; sharpest statement in the letter (5:2-4). |
| fallen from grace | ἐκπίπτω τῆς χάριτος | ekpiptō tēs charitos | aus da Gnad rausgfalln | High | [New] | Law and Grace | Avoid unilaterally resolving contested confessional debate. |
| faith working through love | πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη | pistis di’ agapēs energoumenē | da Glaam, der wo durch d’Liab wirkt | Critical | [New] | Faith Working through Love | Letter’s structural hinge-verse (5:6); avoid reintroducing merit-earning sense. |
| the whole law is fulfilled | πληρόω τὸν νόμον | peplērōtai / plēroō ton nomon | s’Gsetz is erfüllt (durch d’Liab) | High | [New] | The Law’s Purpose | Love’s effect, not law re-imposed as justification basis. |
| neighbor | πλησίον | plēsion | Nächste | Low | [New] | Faith Working through Love | Positive cultural grounding via Catholic “Nächstenliebe” catechesis. |
| flesh vs. Spirit | σάρξ / πνεῦμα | sarx / pneuma | Fleisch / Geist | High | [Reuse: Geist; New: Fleisch] | Flesh versus Spirit | Moral-conflict sense decisively active; Fleisch dietary-association risk. |
| works of the flesh | ἔργα τῆς σαρκός | erga tēs sarkos | Werk vom Fleisch | High | [New] | Flesh versus Spirit | φαρμακεία (sorcery) item within list flagged separately below. |
| sorcery/witchcraft | φαρμακεία | pharmakeia | Zauberei / Hexerei | High | [New] | Flesh versus Spirit | Live Alpine folk-magic resonance; render plainly, avoid trivializing or activating counter-magic associations. |
| fruit of the Spirit | καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος | karpos tou pneumatos | Frucht vom Geist | Critical | [New] | Fruit of the Spirit | Retain grammatical singular; positive agricultural cultural fit. |
| walk by the Spirit | περιπατέω πνεύματι | peripateō pneumati | im Geist wandeln | Medium | [New] | Flesh versus Spirit | Echoes ch. 2 “walk uprightly.” |
| crucified the flesh | σταυρόω τὴν σάρκα | staurōsantes tēn sarka | s’Fleisch gkreuzigt | High | [New] | Crucified with Christ | Applies ch. 2 doctrine to ongoing sanctified living. |
| peace | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | Friad | Low | [Reuse] | Fruit of the Spirit (list item) | Baseline term unchanged. |
Chapter 6
| Term | Greek | Transliteration | Bavarian Rendering | Risk | Status | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| temptation | πειρασμός | peirasmos | Versuchung | Low | [New] | Bearing One Another’s Burdens | Standard vocabulary. |
| restore | καταρτίζω | katartizete | widerherstelln | Low-Medium | [New] | Bearing One Another’s Burdens | Gentle, restorative connotation must survive. |
| burden(s) | βάρος / βαρέα | baros / barea | Bürdn / Load | Medium | [New] | Bearing One Another’s Burdens | Named doctrine; distinguish communal (v.2) vs. individual (v.5) senses. |
| law of Christ | νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ | nomos tou Christou | s’Gsetz vom Christus | High | [New] | Bearing One Another’s Burdens; Law and Grace | Positive ethical sense; distinguish from rejected “works of the law.” |
| sow / reap | σπείρω / θερίζω | speirō / therizō | sai / earnten | Medium | [New] | Bearing One Another’s Burdens (context) | Strong rural cultural fit; personal moral consequence, not fatalistic folk-proverb. |
| new creation | καινὴ κτίσις | kainē ktisis | neue Schöpfung | Critical | [New] | Circumcision and the New Creation | Letter’s climactic doctrinal statement; retain cosmic/corporate scope alongside personal application. |
| boast | καυχάομαι | kauchaomai | sich rühma | Medium | [New] | Circumcision and the New Creation (context) | Sharp positive/negative contrast (circumcision vs. cross) must not be flattened. |
| cross | σταυρός | stauros | Kreuz | Critical | [New] | Crucified with Christ | Newly added to shared glossary (absent from Romans baseline); high devotional familiarity is double-edged. |
| crucify | σταυρόω | stauroō | kreuzigen | Critical | [New] | Crucified with Christ | Paired with “cross”; propagate to shared cross-curriculum glossary. |
| marks of Jesus | στίγματα | stigmata | de Wundnmoi vom Jesus | High | [New] | Paul’s Apostleship (closing appeal) | Avoid loanword “Stigmata” — collides with Catholic mystical-stigmata devotional tradition. |
Cross-Reference: Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
The following Galatians terms reuse baseline renderings without modification. Full definitions and risk rationale remain as recorded in translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json:
gospel (Evangelium), apostle (Apostl), called/calling (beruafa/Beruafung), holy (heilig), saints (Heiling), sanctification (Heiligung), adoption (Kindschaft), resurrection (Aufersteh’ng — cf. new “cross/crucify” entries above for the death-side of this pattern), lord (Herr), son_of_god (Sohn vo Gott), incarnation (Menschwerdung), peace (Friad), spiritual_gifts (Gnodngob’n), thanksgiving (Dank), fellowship (Gmoaschaft), church (Kirch), kingdom_of_god (s’Reich vo Gott), law (Gsetz), sin (Sünd), gentiles (Heiden), glory (Herrlichkeit), obedience_of_faith (Gehorsam vom Glaam — note: Galatians’ “obedience of faith” concept is expressed differently, chiefly via “faith working through love,” 5:6), power_of_god (Kraft vo Gott), messiah (Messias — note: not prominent in Galatians but consistent if “Christ” title-sense arises), covenant (Bund), election (Erwählung — cf. Galatians 1:15 “called me by his grace,” related concept), israel (Israel), jesus (Jesus), god (Gott), holy_spirit (Heiliger Geist), father (Voda), abba (Abba), imputed_righteousness (zuagrechnete Gerechtigkeit), grace (Gnad), faith (Glaam), righteousness (Gerechtigkeit), justification (Rechtfertigung), salvation (Erlösung — note: less prominent lexically in Galatians than in Romans, but doctrinally presupposed throughout).
Risk Tier Summary (Galatians-specific new terms only)
| Risk | Count | Representative Terms |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | a different gospel, anathema, freedom, circumcision, crucified with Christ, promise, seed/offspring, faith working through love, fruit of the Spirit, new creation, cross/crucify |
| High | 16 | pervert the gospel, truth of the gospel, flesh, gave himself up, bewitched, curse, redeem/redemption, mediator, paidagōgos/guardian, baptized into Christ, fallen from grace, law fulfilled, works of the flesh (incl. sorcery), flesh vs. Spirit, law of Christ, marks of Jesus |
| Medium | ~20 | slave of Christ, revelation, false brothers, enslave, hypocrisy, Judaize, transgressor, nullify grace, for nothing/in vain, blessing, allegory, free/slave woman, children of promise, yoke of slavery, walk by the Spirit, restore, burdens, sow/reap, boast, heir, slave/free, days/months/seasons |
| Low | ~11 | Jews, sinner, servant/minister, God-forbid idiom, pillars, walking uprightly, Greek, glorify, fullness of time, neighbor, temptation |
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 1 Step 9 (baseline extension), with every [New] term routed for native-speaker dialect confirmation regardless of doctrinal risk tier, per the baseline’s standing orthography caveat.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 2:16-21 and 3:6 are the letter’s Reformation-flashpoint verses; retained as the borrowed standard-German compound with no native Boarisch coinage, per the baseline’s central register-gap finding, now sharpened for Galatians because the letter’s core argument runs directly through this term with less narrative buffer than in Romans.
Justification
Approved rendering: Rechtfertigung
Transliteration: Rechtfertigung
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Verbal cognate forms (dikaioutai/dikaiothomen/dikaiothesetai, 2:16-17) must be rendered with this root’s verb-family, never as ‘made righteous’ or ‘made good’ (which implies moral transformation rather than forensic declaration).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Sohn vo Gott
Transliteration: Sohn vom Gott
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 2:20 (‘faith in the Son of God who loved me’) and 4:4 (‘God sent forth his Son’) both require full phrase, eternal unique Sonship; must be kept uncollapsed with the believer’s derivative ‘Kindschaft’ in 4:4-7’s tight pairing.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: zuagrechnete Gerechtigkeit
Transliteration: zuagrechnate Gerechtigkeit
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: verdiante Gerechtigkeit
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 3:6 is Paul’s own direct citation of Genesis 15:6 as his Abraham-based proof-text for justification by faith apart from the later-given Mosaic law. Forbidden substitution rule applies without exception: never ‘verdiante Gerechtigkeit’ (earned righteousness).
Different Gospel
Approved rendering: a anders Evangelium
Transliteration: a onders Evangelium
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ἕτερον εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek heteron euangelion — a gospel of a fundamentally different, disqualifying kind (heteros), not a second legitimate variant (allos, which Paul denies exists). Bavarian Catholic culture’s habituation to a single unified teaching authority risks this reading as merely a competing school of thought; surrounding text must signal total repudiation, e.g. ‘koa Evangelium mehr’, not merely ‘a onders’. Human theologian review required.
Anathema
Approved rendering: Anathema / aus’gschlossn vo Gott
Transliteration: Anathema / ausgschlossn vom Gott
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: verflucht (colloquial curse word) - rejected, activates living Alpine folk-curse/counter-magic frame
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Gospel
NEW. Galatians 1:8-9’s double pronouncement. Rural Alpine Bavarian folk culture retains a living substratum of folk-curse belief (‘Verfluchung’) and protective counter-magic (Bannspruch, Hexenbanner). Retain transliterated ‘Anathema’ with an explanatory gloss (‘aus’gschlossn vo Gott’) rather than a native curse-word family term, to isolate this as a formal covenantal exclusion-pronouncement over false doctrine. Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: Beschneidung
Transliteration: Beschneidung
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek peritomē. CRITICAL COLLISION: 1 January was traditionally kept in the Catholic liturgical calendar as the Feast of the Circumcision of the Lord (commemorating Christ’s own circumcision, Luke 2:21); this cultural memory persists in Bavarian Catholic tradition. Every occurrence across chs. 2, 5, 6 requires explicit disambiguation that Paul targets a false Gentile-inclusion requirement, not Christ’s own circumcision or its commemoration. Mandatory human theologian review, no exceptions.
Freedom
Approved rendering: Freiheit
Transliteration: Freiheit
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Freedom in Christ
NEW. Greek eleutheria (2:4, 4:21-31, 5:1, 5:13). Borrowed standard-German form; no native dialect coinage. Double exposure: (a) modern political/nationalist overtones in contemporary German-language usage; (b) Paul’s own explicit warning against a libertinism misreading (5:13). Never let this term stand unglossed — every occurrence requires co-text tying it to Christ’s liberating work. The letter’s single highest-frequency Critical term. Mandatory human theologian review.
Works Of The Law
Approved rendering: Werk vom Gsetz
Transliteration: Werk vom Gsötz
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Salvation
NEW. Greek erga nomou (2:16, 3:2, 3:5, 3:10) — reliance on Torah-observance/law-keeping as the basis of righteous standing, built on baseline High-risk ‘Gsetz’. Must be heard as reliance-for-justification specifically, not generic good deeds, and must not be assimilated to a generalized faith-vs-good-works folk-Catholic debate. Mandatory human theologian review.
Crucified With Christ
Approved rendering: mit Christus mitgkreuzigt
Transliteration: mit Christus mitgkreizigt
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Greek synestaurōmai (2:19-20), perfect passive — a completed, once-for-all co-crucifixion with Christ. Bavarian Catholic devotional familiarity with imitatio-Christi suffering piety (Oberammergau Passion play, Kreuzweg/Stations of the Cross) risks this being heard as ongoing devotional self-mortification rather than a declarative, finished, Spirit-wrought union. Mandatory human theologian review, every occurrence (2:19-20; 5:24; 6:14).
Bewitched
Approved rendering: wer hat enk verhext? (flagged, glossed as figurative)
Transliteration: wer hod enk verhext?
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: βασκαίνω
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek ebaskanen (3:1), ‘evil eye’ bewitchment vocabulary. CRITICAL COLLISION: Alpine/Bavarian rural folk culture retains a living ‘evil eye’ (Neid-Blick)/‘Verhexung’ tradition with folk-Catholic protective countermeasures. Requires explanatory framing at every occurrence marking this as Paul’s rhetorical-metaphorical accusation of deception, not literal sorcery. Mandatory human theologian review.
Promise
Approved rendering: Verhoassung
Transliteration: Verhoaßung
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: Bund - rejected as interchangeable; Paul’s argument requires ‘promise’ to name a category categorically distinct from and prior to ‘covenant’/‘law’
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek epangelia (3:14-22; 4:21-28) — God’s unconditional covenantal pledge to Abraham, received by faith, categorically distinct from the later-given law. Newly-coined term (from standard-German Verheißung via the regular ei>oa pattern); no prior dialect attestation. Mandatory human theologian review; must never blur into ‘Bund’ across chs. 3-4’s repeated argument.
Seed Of Abraham
Approved rendering: Nachkomme vom Abraham
Transliteration: Nachkumme vom Abraham
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek sperma (3:16, 3:19, 3:29) — rendered on the pattern of baseline ‘Nachkomme vom David’. Paul’s singular/plural typological argument (3:16, ‘not seeds… but seed… who is Christ’) must be explicitly disambiguated in the surrounding clause, not left to the noun alone.
Faith Working Through Love
Approved rendering: da Glaam, der wo durch d’Liab wirkt
Transliteration: da Gloam, der wo durch d’Liab wirkt
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Faith
NEW. Greek pistis di’ agapēs energoumenē (5:6) — the letter’s structural hinge-verse connecting the doctrinal (chs. 1-4) and ethical (chs. 5-6) sections. ‘Wirkt durch’ must never read as ‘faith plus love together earn/produce justification’; love is faith’s fruit/expression, never its co-cause. Fixed cross-document formula; mandatory human theologian review.
Fruit Of The Spirit
Approved rendering: Frucht vom Geist
Transliteration: Frucht vom Geist
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: Fruchtn (plural) - rejected; undercuts the grammatically significant unified-produce point
Original: καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Greek karpos tou pneumatos (5:22-23). Retain the grammatical singular (‘fruit’, not ‘fruits’) to preserve the unified-produce contrast with the fragmented plural ‘Werk vom Fleisch’. Positive cultural fit via rural Bavarian agricultural imagery. The list’s πίστις sub-item (faithfulness/reliability) must NOT be rendered with baseline ‘Glaam’ (saving faith) to avoid false-friend confusion. Mandatory human theologian review.
New Creation
Approved rendering: neue Schöpfung
Transliteration: neie Schöpfung
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. Greek kainē ktisis (6:15) — the letter’s climactic doctrinal statement. Borrowed compound, well-supported by Catholic creation-theology familiarity. Must retain cosmic/corporate salvation-historical scope, resisting a merely individualistic ‘new personality’ self-help reading. Mandatory human theologian review.
Cross
Approved rendering: Kreuz
Transliteration: Kreuz
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σταυρός
Category: Christology
NEW — newly added to the shared cross-curriculum glossary; absent from the Romans baseline. Greek stauros (6:14). Deeply embedded in Bavarian Catholic devotional life (Kreuzweg, wayside Marterl, Herrgottswinkel already noted in the baseline’s ‘god’ entry); this familiarity is double-edged — everyday devotional association must not eclipse the term’s specific soteriological weight in this passage. Mandatory human theologian review.
Crucify
Approved rendering: kreuzigen
Transliteration: kreuzign
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σταυρόω
Category: Christology
NEW — newly added to the shared cross-curriculum glossary. Greek stauroō (6:14). Paired with ‘Kreuz’; propagate to all future curricula’s shared glossary. Mandatory human theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Gnad
Transliteration: Gnod
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Central to Galatians’ ‘Law and Grace’ doctrine (2:21, 5:4); the devotional-transaction undertone documented in the baseline is intensified here because Galatians’ antithetical statements (2:21, 5:4 ‘fallen from grace’) require the merit-free sense to be defended within the very same verse as ‘Werk vom Gsetz’.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Erlösung
Transliteration: Erlesung
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Heil (Nazi-era contamination risk)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Less lexically prominent in Galatians than in Romans but doctrinally presupposed throughout; note also the newly-added distinct term ‘redeem’ (below) for the specific slave-purchase imagery of 3:13/4:5, which must NOT be collapsed into this general term.
Saints
Approved rendering: Heiling
Transliteration: de Heiling
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Not a named Galatians doctrine but retained for cross-curriculum consistency; the baseline’s patron-saint/Namenstag collision risk applies identically if the term recurs.
Lord
Approved rendering: Herr
Transliteration: Herr
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Not a named Galatians doctrine but presupposed throughout the ‘in Christ Jesus’ language; retained for cross-curriculum consistency with Romans 10:9.
Church
Approved rendering: Kirch
Transliteration: Kircha
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Gmoa (secular-administrative default, rejected)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 1:2, 1:22 uses the PLURAL (‘the churches of Galatia’ / ‘the churches of Judea’) for distinct regional assemblies, a nuance that must survive and not be flattened into the baseline’s singular institutional default.
Law
Approved rendering: Gsetz
Transliteration: Gsötz
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians makes both a sharper NEGATIVE use (2:16-21, 3:10-13, ‘works of the law’ cannot justify) and a distinct POSITIVE use (‘law of Christ’, 6:2; ‘the whole law fulfilled’ through love, 5:14) of this same root — both new compounds below. The baseline’s Catholic natural-law backdrop risk is intensified for the negative use and must not bleed into the positive use, or vice versa.
Sin
Approved rendering: Sünd
Transliteration: Sind
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Cognate noun ‘sinner’ (Sünder, new term below) recurs at 2:15, 2:17; retain full moral-culpability weight, not the colloquial ‘what a shame’ drift.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: Gehorsam vom Glaam
Transliteration: Gehorsam vom Gloam
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: ὑπακοὴ πίστεως
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians expresses this same underlying concept chiefly through the newly-established ‘faith working through love’ (5:6) rather than this exact phrase; retained for cross-curriculum consistency should the phrase itself recur.
Election
Approved rendering: Erwählung
Transliteration: Erwöahlung
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Cf. Galatians 1:15, ‘he who set me apart before I was born and called me by his grace’ — a related concept though the noun itself is not used at this exact verse.
Pervert Gospel
Approved rendering: verdraht / verkeahrt
Transliteration: verdraht / verkeaht
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: μεταστρέφω
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek metastrepsai (1:7) — active corruption of the gospel’s content by false teachers, not mere stylistic variance. Must convey deliberate doctrinal distortion.
Truth Of The Gospel
Approved rendering: d’Wahrheit vom Evangelium
Transliteration: de Wahrheit vom Evangelium
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ἀλήθεια τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek alētheia tou euangeliou (2:5, 2:14) — the gospel’s precise doctrinal integrity (justification by faith without added requirements), not a general claim about trustworthiness. Must not be softened.
Judaize
Approved rendering: wia Juden lebn müassn (descriptive)
Transliteration: wia Juden lebn miaßn
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: one-word coinage - rejected, no established Bavarian or standard-German equivalent exists
Original: Ἰουδαΐζειν
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek Ioudaizein (2:14), itself a coined verb with no one-word target-language equivalent. Descriptive rendering required; flag for native-speaker AND theologian review since no established single term exists.
Flesh
Approved rendering: Fleisch
Transliteration: Fleisch
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
NEW. Greek sarx — polysemous across at least three senses active in Galatians: neutral-physical (2:20), morally-loaded sin-nature (3:3, 5:16-25 dominant), and risk of collapse into the everyday Bavarian Fastn/Lenten meat-abstinence dietary association. Sense must be tracked per occurrence (2:16, 2:20, 3:3, 4:23, 4:29, 5:13, 5:16-25, 6:8, 6:12-13). Mandatory human theologian review.
Gave Himself Up
Approved rendering: hat sich selbst für mi hi’gebn
Transliteration: hod si selm fia mi higebn
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: παραδίδωμι ἑαυτόν
Category: Christology
NEW. Greek paradontos heauton hyper emou (2:20) — substitutionary self-surrender, personalized singular ‘for me’. Atonement/propitiation-language escalation rule applies. Must not be weakened to ‘for us’ or ‘for humanity’.
For Nothing In Vain
Approved rendering: für nix / umasunst
Transliteration: fia nix / umasunst
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: gratis / als Geschenk (the gift-sense of dōrean) - rejected, would imply Christ’s death was itself a valueless act
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
NEW. Greek dōrean (2:21) — near-opposite senses (‘freely/gift’ vs. ‘needlessly/in vain’); the latter is required here. Must select ‘needlessly’, never the gift-sense.
Curse
Approved rendering: Fluach
Transliteration: Fluach
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: κατάρα
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek katara (3:10, 3:13) — the covenantal curse for law-breaking, and Christ’s substitutionary bearing of it. Same Alpine folk-curse cultural backdrop as ‘Anathema’ applies; the legal-covenantal sense must not be read through a folk-magical curse/counter-curse frame. Core substitutionary-atonement teaching; human theologian review recommended.
Redeem
Approved rendering: hat uns freikaaft
Transliteration: hod uns freikafft
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: Erlösung (bare, too generalized) - rejected, collapses the specific slave-purchase imagery into generic salvation vocabulary
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Greek exagorazō (3:13; 4:5) — to buy out of slavery, Christ’s redemptive work pictured as a slave-purchase. Distinct from baseline general ‘Erlösung’. Newly-coined form; flag for native-speaker dialect review.
Mediator
Approved rendering: Mittler
Transliteration: Mittla
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: Mittlerin aller Gnaden framing - rejected; must not import the Marian devotional title
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek mesitēs (3:19-20) — Moses’ legal-covenantal role in the law’s giving. Collides with the Marian devotional title ‘Mittlerin aller Gnaden’ (Mediatrix of All Graces) anchored at Altötting, already flagged in the baseline’s ‘intercession’ entry. Every occurrence requires explicit disambiguating context. Mandatory human theologian review.
Guardian Paidagogos
Approved rendering: Zuchtmoasta / Aufpasser
Transliteration: Zuchtmoaster / Aufpasser
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: Lehrer (teacher) - rejected; implies a permanent instructional role and collides with the Catholic natural-law ‘abiding moral guide’ framing
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek paidagōgos (3:24-25) — a household custodian/disciplinarian, NOT primarily a content-teacher; describes the law’s temporary, custodial function until Christ came. Explicitly gloss as temporary at every occurrence. Mandatory human theologian review.
Baptized Into Christ
Approved rendering: tauft / Taufe
Transliteration: toaft / Taufn
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Church
NEW. Greek baptizō/ebaptisthēte (3:27-28) — the initiatory rite signifying union with Christ, basis for the ‘no longer Jew/Greek, slave/free, male/female’ unity claim. Bavarian Catholic infant-baptism/Godl sacramental tradition risks the term defaulting to ritual-conferral rather than Paul’s Spirit-wrought union-with-Christ sense. Mandatory human theologian review.
Elements Of The World
Approved rendering: Grundkräft vo dera Welt (glossed)
Transliteration: Grundkrafte vo dera Wejt
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek stoicheia tou kosmou (4:3, 4:9) — basic/elementary religious principles (Jewish ceremonial law and pagan systems alike), an immature, enslaving stage superseded by Christ. Collides with Alpine folk-astrological/calendrical (Bauernkalender) cosmology; must not be rendered as endorsing literal elemental spirits. Human theologian review recommended.
Fallen From Grace
Approved rendering: aus da Gnad rausgfalln
Transliteration: aus da Gnod rausgfoin
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: ἐκπίπτω τῆς χάριτος
Category: Law and Grace
NEW. Greek ekpiptō tēs charitos (5:4) — abandoning grace as one’s operative basis for righteousness in favor of law-keeping. Flag as requiring theologically careful, tradition-sensitive framing given ongoing confessional debate about implications for eternal security; avoid a translator’s note that unilaterally settles the contested question. Mandatory human theologian review.
Law Fulfilled
Approved rendering: s’Gsetz is erfüllt (durch d’Liab)
Transliteration: s’Gsötz is erfüllt (durch d’Liab)
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: πληρόω τὸν νόμον
Category: Law and Grace
NEW. Greek peplērōtai / plēroō ton nomon (5:14) — love of neighbor as the law’s true fulfillment/goal, a description of love’s effect, not a re-imposition of law as a justification-mechanism. Must not smuggle law-keeping back in as a basis for righteousness.
Works Of The Flesh
Approved rendering: Werk vom Fleisch
Transliteration: Werk vom Fleisch
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: ἔργα τῆς σαρκός
Category: Sin
NEW. Greek erga tēs sarkos (5:19-21) — the vice catalogue built on the High-risk ‘Fleisch’ entry. The list’s φαρμακεία (sorcery, below) requires separate handling given its live Alpine folk-magic resonance.
Sorcery
Approved rendering: Zauberei / Hexerei
Transliteration: Zauberei / Hexarei
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: φαρμακεία
Category: Sin
NEW. Greek pharmakeia (5:20), one item in the works-of-the-flesh vice list. Given the same Alpine folk-magic cultural backdrop as ‘Anathema’ and ‘bewitched’, must be rendered plainly without trivializing or activating folk-protective/counter-magic associations. Unusually live cultural resonance in this dialect region; flag for native-speaker review.
Crucified The Flesh
Approved rendering: s’Fleisch gkreuzigt
Transliteration: s’Fleisch gkreizigt
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: σταυρόω τὴν σάρκα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Greek staurōsantes tēn sarka (5:24) — applies the ‘crucified with Christ’ doctrine to ongoing sanctified living. Must be read as declarative (grounded in union with Christ’s crucifixion), not a separate, additional act of self-mortification.
Law Of Christ
Approved rendering: s’Gsetz vom Christus
Transliteration: s’Gsötz vom Christus
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Law and Grace
NEW. Greek nomos tou Christou (6:2) — Christ’s own positive ethical standard (self-giving love), NOT a return to Mosaic law-code observance as a justification-mechanism. Must be explicitly distinguished from the rejected ‘Werk vom Gsetz’.
Marks Of Jesus
Approved rendering: de Wundnmoi vom Jesus / Narbn vom Jesus
Transliteration: de Wundnmoal vom Jesus / Narbn vom Jesus
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Stigmata (loanword) - rejected; collides with the Catholic mystical-stigmata devotional tradition (e.g. St. Francis of Assisi, and the Bavarian case of Therese Neumann of Konnersreuth)
Original: στίγματα
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Greek stigmata (6:17) — Paul’s ordinary physical scars from documented persecution, evidence of costly loyalty to Christ, comparable to a slave’s ownership-brand. The available loanword ‘Stigmata’ is deliberately rejected in favor of a descriptive rendering. Mandatory human theologian review.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Evangelium
Transliteration: Evangelium
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. In Galatians this is the positive pole of ‘The True Gospel versus False Gospels’ (1:6-9, 1:11, 10:15-16 style usage throughout); the formal borrowed term remains stable and liturgically familiar.
Faith
Approved rendering: Glaam
Transliteration: Gloam
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Load-bearing across 2:16, 2:20, 3:6-11, 5:6; object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit, especially at the genitive-ambiguous ‘pistis Christou’ constructions (2:16, 2:20), rendered per established convention as ‘Glaam an Christus’.
Called
Approved rendering: beruafa
Transliteration: beruaft
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Cf. Galatians 1:6, 1:15, 5:8, 5:13 — context-sensitive as in the baseline; unglossed use in 1:6/5:8 risks the everyday career-vocation homonym misreading documented in the baseline’s forbidden-substitution guidance.
Calling
Approved rendering: Beruafung
Transliteration: Berufung
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Same career/vocation homonym risk carries into Galatians; not thematized as heavily as in Romans 8-9 but must remain consistent wherever it recurs.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: hoalig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Background term; not separately thematized as a named Galatians doctrine but retained for cross-curriculum consistency and for its root-collision relevance to ‘hypocrisy’ (Scheinheiligkeit, 2:13, new term below).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Heiligung
Transliteration: Heiligung
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Doctrinally presupposed by Galatians’ ‘Flesh versus Spirit’ and ‘Fruit of the Spirit’ doctrines (5:16-25) even where the abstract noun itself is not the operative Greek term.
Adoption
Approved rendering: Kindschaft
Transliteration: Kindschaft
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: Adoption (bare, legal-procedural)
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Central to Galatians 4:1-7; must be kept explicitly distinct from the Critical-risk ‘Sohn vo Gott’ (Christ’s unique Sonship) within the same paragraph (4:4-6), a tighter pairing than in Romans.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Aufersteh’ng
Transliteration: Auferstehung
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Not directly thematized in Galatians’ text but doctrinally presupposed; the letter instead foregrounds the death-side of the pattern via the new ‘crucified with Christ’ / ‘cross’ / ‘crucify’ terms below.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: Menschwerdung
Transliteration: Menschwerdung
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Cf. Galatians 4:4, ‘born of a woman’; also the newly-added ‘fullness of time’ phrase (below) marks the incarnation’s salvation-historical timing.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Gnodngob’n
Transliteration: Gnadengaben
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Not thematized in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum consistency only.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Gmoaschaft
Transliteration: Gemoaschoft
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 2:9, ‘gave the right hand of fellowship’ — formal recognition of gospel partnership; retains the baseline’s caution against the secular ‘Gmoa’ civil-municipality default.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: s’Reich vo Gott
Transliteration: des Reich vom Gott
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 5:21, ‘will not inherit the kingdom of God’ — the negative consequence-clause closing the works-of-the-flesh vice list.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Heiden
Transliteration: Hoaden
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Central to Galatians 2:11-14, 3:8, 3:28; paired with the new terms ‘Jews’ and ‘Greek’ below.
Glory
Approved rendering: Herrlichkeit
Transliteration: Herrlichkeit
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Cognate of the new ‘glorify’ verb (Gal 1:24, below).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Kraft vo Gott
Transliteration: Kroft vom Gott
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Not directly thematized in Galatians; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Messias
Transliteration: Messias
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Used throughout Galatians chiefly as the title ‘Christ’; must not be interpreted as one of several divine avatars or teachers.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Bund
Transliteration: Bund
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 3:15, 3:17 uses Paul’s human-legal-covenant/will illustration; MUST be kept terminologically distinct from the newly-coined ‘Verhoassung’ (promise, below) even though closely related — Paul’s argument depends on the two being different categories.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israel
Transliteration: Israel
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Modern political-sensitivity caution applies as in the baseline. Per analysis/05_translation_landscape.md Section 4.2, this term’s Galatians-3-4 usage requires the baseline’s ‘Unity of Jews and Gentiles’ human-theologian escalation extended to the ENTIRE Abraham/seed/promise/Hagar-Sarah argument, guarding against any Deutsche-Christen-style de-Judaization drift.
God
Approved rendering: Gott
Transliteration: Herrgott
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός / אֱלֹהִים / יהוה
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Use plain ‘Gott’ as primary term; reserve ‘Herrgott’ for warm folk-devotional contexts only, per baseline caution about mild-profanity register bleed.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heiliger Geist
Transliteration: Heiliga Geist
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Central to Galatians’ ‘Flesh versus Spirit’ (5:16-25) and ‘Fruit of the Spirit’ (5:22-23) doctrines; must never be rendered as an impersonal force.
Father
Approved rendering: Voda
Transliteration: Voter
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 4:6, ‘Abba, Father’ — MUST match the Romans 8:15 rendering exactly, per the Theological Consistency Rules.
Abba
Approved rendering: Abba
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: אַבָּא
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Galatians 4:6; retained as a transliteration exactly as in Romans 8:15.
Slave Of Christ
Approved rendering: Sklave/Diener vom Christus
Transliteration: Sklave/Diena vom Christus
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: δοῦλος Χριστοῦ
Category: Discipleship
NEW. Greek doulos Christou (1:10) — positive belonging-to-Christ identity, the deliberate contrast pole to ‘Freedom in Christ’. Must be tracked separately from the NEGATIVE law-bondage slavery vocabulary (‘zygos douleias’, 5:1) — same lexical family, opposite valence.
Revelation
Approved rendering: Offenbarung
Transliteration: Offenbarung
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Greek apokalypsis (1:12) — the evidentiary basis of Paul’s gospel and apostleship, direct divine disclosure. Register-gap term, borrowed standard-German form, no native coinage.
Uncircumcision
Approved rendering: Unbeschnittne
Transliteration: Unbeschnittene
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: ἀκροβυστία
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek akrobystia (2:7). Paired term, lower risk than ‘Beschneidung’ itself since it lacks the Feast-day collision, but must be used consistently alongside it.
False Brothers
Approved rendering: falsche Brüada
Transliteration: falsche Bruada
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ψευδάδελφοι
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek pseudadelphoi (2:4) — infiltrators claiming insider covenant-family status while undermining the gospel. Must be clearly distinguished from genuine ‘brüadaliche Liab’ (brotherly love) language elsewhere.
Enslave
Approved rendering: versklava / in d’Sklaverei bringa
Transliteration: versklavt / in de Sklaverei bringa
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: καταδουλόω
Category: Freedom in Christ
NEW. Greek katadoulousin (2:4) — the false brothers’ goal, reducing believers back under law’s bondage. Antithetical to ‘Freiheit’.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: Scheinheiligkeit / Heuchelei
Transliteration: Scheinhoiligkeit / Heichelei
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Church
NEW. Greek hypokrisis (2:13) — Peter’s inconsistency between profession and practice at Antioch. Note: ‘Scheinheiligkeit’ contains the root ‘heilig’ (holy), a minor unintended echo with the baseline’s holiness/saints vocabulary; context must clearly mark the negative-critique sense.
Jews
Approved rendering: Juden
Transliteration: Juden
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἰουδαῖοι
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek Ioudaioi (2:15). Same modern-political-sensitivity caution flagged in the baseline for ‘Israel’ applies. First-century covenant-ethnic self-identification must stay distinct from contemporary geopolitical usage.
Transgressor
Approved rendering: Übertreter
Transliteration: Iwatreta
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: παραβάτης
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek parabatēs (2:18) — covenantal/gospel transgression, not petty rule-breaking.
Love
Approved rendering: Liab
Transliteration: Liab
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
NEW. Greek agapē/agapaō (2:20, 5:6, 5:13-14, 5:22) — covenantal self-giving love, distinct from romantic/friendship affection. Recommended via regular Bavarian vowel-monophthongization (cf. Friad from Frieden). Everyday Bavarian ‘Liab’ covers romantic/family affection broadly; the covenantal sense must be reinforced by surrounding context.
Nullify Grace
Approved rendering: nét aufheben / nét für nix erkläan
Transliteration: net aufheben / net fia nix erklären
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: ἀθετέω
Category: Law and Grace
NEW. Greek athetō (2:21) — a legal/contractual ‘annul’ nuance, not a vague ‘ignore’. Must preserve the contractual-invalidation sense.
Blessing
Approved rendering: Segn
Transliteration: Segen
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: εὐλογία
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek eulogia (3:8-9, 3:14) — covenantal divine favor extended to the nations through Christ; contrasted with ‘Fluach’ (curse).
Heir
Approved rendering: Erb
Transliteration: Erbe
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Greek klēronomos (3:29; 4:1, 4:7) — the believer’s inheritance of the Abrahamic promise and of God’s own inheritance as an adopted child. Everyday Bavarian farm/property inheritance-law usage risks a partial/conditional-claim misreading; must stay explicitly tied to full, unconditional inheritance.
Allegory
Approved rendering: Allegorie / Sinnbild
Transliteration: Allegorie / Sinnbuidl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: Gleichnis (parable) - rejected; carries strong specific association with Jesus’ own parables in Catholic devotional familiarity, a distinct genre
Original: ἀλληγορέω
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek allēgoroumena (4:24) — Paul’s own typological reading of the Hagar/Sarah narrative.
Children Of Promise
Approved rendering: Kinder vo da Verhoassung
Transliteration: Kinda vo da Verhoaßung
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: τέκνα ἐπαγγελίας
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek tekna epangelias (4:28) — those who belong to God’s people by virtue of the promise received by faith. Built on and must stay terminologically linked to ‘Verhoassung’.
Yoke Of Slavery
Approved rendering: s’Joch vo da Sklaverei
Transliteration: s’Joch vo da Sklaverei
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ζυγὸς δουλείας
Category: Freedom in Christ
NEW. Greek zygos douleias (5:1) — oppressive subjection to law-based righteousness. Agricultural yoke-image fits naturally into rural Bavarian farming culture; ensure ‘Sklaverei’ reads as bondage to law-based righteousness specifically.
Walk By The Spirit
Approved rendering: im Geist wandeln
Transliteration: im Geist wandln
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Original: περιπατέω πνεύματι
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Greek peripateō pneumati (5:16, 5:25) — ongoing, Spirit-directed daily conduct. Echoes the ch. 2 ‘walk uprightly’ (orthopodeo) idiom below.
Burden
Approved rendering: Bürdn / Load
Transliteration: Bürdn / Load
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: βάρος / βαρέα
Category: Church
NEW. Greek baros/barea (6:2, 6:5) — communal burden-sharing (6:2) vs. each person’s irreducible individual load (6:5), a deliberate wordplay. Use distinguishable modifiers (‘d’Bürdn vom Nächstn’ vs. ‘sei eigena Load’) rather than a bare repeated noun.
Sow And Reap
Approved rendering: sai / earnten
Transliteration: sähn / erndn
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Church
NEW. Greek speirō/therizō (6:7-8) — agricultural moral-causality metaphor. Strong positive cultural fit with rural Bavarian farming imagery; must read as personal moral consequence under God’s ordering, not a fatalistic folk-proverb.
Boast
Approved rendering: sich rühma
Transliteration: si rüahma
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Church
NEW. Greek kauchaomai (6:13-14) — negatively, boasting in the flesh/circumcision; positively, boasting in Christ’s cross alone. The sharp contrast between these two objects must not be flattened.
Calendar Observance
Approved rendering: Feiertäg, Monat, Zeitn, Jahr (descriptive)
Transliteration: Feiertäg, Monat, Zeitn, Joahr
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: ἡμέρας, μῆνας, καιρούς, ἐνιαυτούς
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek hēmeras, mēnas, kairous, eniautous (4:10) — ritual calendar-keeping adopted as though contributing to standing before God. Bavarian Catholic life is intensely organized around a liturgical and folk-festival calendar (Kirchweih, Namenstag, saints’ feast days); Paul’s critique targets calendar-observance AS a justification-basis, not feast-day/liturgical-calendar culture as such — must not read as a blanket condemnation.
Free Slave Woman
Approved rendering: freie Frau / Sklavin
Transliteration: freie Frau / Sklavin
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: ἐλευθέρα / παιδίσκη
Category: Freedom in Christ
NEW. Greek eleuthera / paidiskē (4:22-31) — applied typologically to Sarah (free, promise) and Hagar (slave, law/bondage). Ties to the doulos/eleutheros vocabulary family; ensure consistency.
Slave Free Status
Approved rendering: Sklave / Freie
Transliteration: Sklave / Freie
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Original: δοῦλος / ἐλεύθερος
Category: Freedom in Christ
NEW. Greek doulos / eleutheros (3:28) — social-legal status terms declared irrelevant to standing in Christ. Consistent rendering required across the freedom/slavery term family developed throughout the letter.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Apostl
Transliteration: Apoastl
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged (Low). CONTEXTUAL NOTE: Galatians 1 places unusually heavy argumentative weight on the divine-versus-human source of Paul’s apostolic authorization (‘not from men… but through Jesus Christ’, 1:1, 1:11-17); reviewers should treat surrounding clauses as elevated-scrutiny even though the noun itself carries low lexical risk. Per analysis/08_core_glossary.md this is flagged [Reuse-Elevated].
Peace
Approved rendering: Friad
Transliteration: Friade
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. In Galatians 5:22 also functions as a Fruit of the Spirit list item; ensure consistency of rendering in both contexts.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Dank
Transliteration: Donk
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Cf. the doxological ‘glorify’ response of Galatians 1:24 (new cognate term below).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jesus
Transliteration: Jesus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς / יֵשׁוּעַ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, value unchanged. Stable throughout Galatians.
Judaism
Approved rendering: Judentum
Transliteration: Judentum
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: Ἰουδαϊσμός
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek Ioudaismos (1:13-14) — the named religious-cultural system, distinct from ethnic ‘Jew’ identity. Background/biographical term, low risk.
Pillars
Approved rendering: Säula
Transliteration: Saeula
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: στῦλοι
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Greek styloi (2:9) — James, Peter, John’s recognized foundational leadership. Architectural metaphor transfers naturally.
Sinner
Approved rendering: Sünder
Transliteration: Sinda
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
NEW. Greek hamartōlos (2:15, 2:17), nominal cognate of baseline ‘Sünd’. Must retain full moral-culpability weight, not the colloquial diminutive drift.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: Nächste
Transliteration: Nächste
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Original: πλησίον
Category: Faith
NEW. Greek plēsion (5:14) — any fellow human being. Positive cultural grounding via Catholic ‘Nächstenliebe’ catechesis.
Restore
Approved rendering: widerherstelln
Transliteration: wiedaherstelln
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: καταρτίζω
Category: Church
NEW. Greek katartizete (6:1) — gentle, careful restoration of a fallen believer. The gentle, restorative connotation (not harsh discipline) must survive.
Servant Minister
Approved rendering: Diener
Transliteration: Diena
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church
NEW. Greek diakonos (2:17) — general agent sense; avoid anachronistically importing the later ecclesial deacon-office sense.
God Forbid Idiom
Approved rendering: Des sei fern! / Auf koan Fall!
Transliteration: Des sei fern! / Auf koa Foi!
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: μὴ γένοιτο
Category: Rhetoric
NEW. Greek mē genoito (2:17) — a strong idiomatic negation used repeatedly by Paul. Idiom-handling rule applies: find a natural Bavarian idiom of equal rhetorical force rather than a literal calque.
Walking Uprightly
Approved rendering: grod geh
Transliteration: grad gehn
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Original: ὀρθοποδέω
Category: Gospel
NEW. Greek orthopodousin (2:14) — walking consistently/correctly per a stated standard. Anticipates the ch. 5 ‘walk by the Spirit’ language.
Glorify
Approved rendering: Gott preisn
Transliteration: Gott preisn
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: δοξάζω
Category: God
NEW. Greek doxazō (1:24) — a doxological response to God’s transforming grace. Cognate of the baseline’s ‘Herrlichkeit’ (glory).
Temptation
Approved rendering: Versuchung
Transliteration: Vasuachung
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Church
NEW. Greek peirasmos (6:1) — standard vocabulary, no significant doctrinal risk.
Fullness Of Time
Approved rendering: wia de Zeit erfüllt woa
Transliteration: wia de Zeit erfüllt woa
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: πλήρωμα τοῦ χρόνου
Category: Christology
NEW. Greek plērōma tou chronou (4:4) — the divinely appointed moment for the incarnation. Straightforward, low risk.
Greek
Approved rendering: Griech
Transliteration: Griach
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἕλλην
Category: Covenant
NEW. Greek Hellēn (3:28) — represents Gentile identity broadly alongside ‘Heiden’.
Referenced passages