Passage

Romans 10

• Doctrine

  Evangelism

  Use language of proclamation and witness; in a historically Orthodox-majority culture, Evangelical-style 'ευαγγελισμός' can carry a proselytism connotation worth navigating carefully.

  ROM.10.14-15

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ, not generalized loyalty or self-belief in the modern secular psychological sense.

  ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically.

  ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment (Old Testament to New Testament); a Greek reader has the unusual advantage of being able to read the Septuagint's own wording directly alongside Paul's citations of it.

  ROM.10.11

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  The NT's ἔθνη ('nations/peoples'); Modern Greek 'έθνος' carries strong modern nationalist connotation (Greek national identity, 'το Έθνος'), so care is needed to keep the NT's ethnic-religious sense (non-Jewish peoples) distinct from modern nation-state connotations.

  ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Identical to the NT's own word; must be distinguished from the modern secular sense of 'good news' used for any positive announcement.

  ROM.10.15-16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Identical to the NT's own εὐαγγέλιον; zero translation gap.

  ROM.10.15-16

• Glossary Term

  Intercession

  Greek Orthodox piety gives saints' and especially the Παναγία's ('All-Holy,' the standard Greek title for Mary) intercession a constant, central liturgical role (paraklesis services, pilgrimage sites such as Tinos).

  ROM.10.1

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Standard proper name; also the name of the modern nation-state, so ensure Romans 9-11's discussion of Israel as a people in salvation history is not read as a claim about the modern political state.

  ROM.10.12

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  Standard NT and liturgical form, unchanged for two millennia.

  ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: Modern Greek 'δικαίωση' is very commonly used colloquially for simple personal vindication ('τελικά δικαιώθηκα,' 'I was proven right in the end'), a substantially weaker, secular sense than Paul's forensic declaration of righteousness before God.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Glossary Term

  Law

  The Mosaic law/Torah, same NT word; also the ordinary Modern Greek word for civil law in general, requiring context to keep Paul's specific argument about the Mosaic law distinct from law-in-general.

  ROM.10.11

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  CRITICAL, and among the most distinctive risks in this entire pipeline: in Modern Greek, 'κύριος' is also the completely ordinary polite title equivalent to English 'Mister/Sir' ('κύριε' in address, 'ο κύριος Παπαδόπουλος,' 'Mr.

  ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: 'Κύριος' has been worn down by everyday Modern Greek usage into the ordinary polite title 'Mister/Sir.' Romans 10:9's confession must be actively reconnected to the word's Septuagint background as the standard rendering of the divine name YHWH, so the claim to Jesus's identity with God is not lost beneath the flatness of the everyday honorific.

  ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Prayer and Intercession

  Romans 8:26-27, 34 describe the Spirit and Christ interceding directly.

  ROM.10.1

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  Same NT word; standard and unambiguous.

  ROM.10.11

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: same word as the NT's δικαιοσύνη, but Modern Greek everyday usage strongly foregrounds the secular/legal sense (the justice system, 'το Υπουργείο Δικαιοσύνης,' the Ministry of Justice).

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: the actual NT word, with zero translation gap; the risk is that Greek Orthodox theosis theology, developed natively in Greek and directly accessible to Modern Greek readers, reshapes σωτηρία toward participatory deification rather than Romans' emphasis on a decisive reconciliation received by faith.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: this is the actual New Testament word, unchanged for two thousand years — a translation gap of zero, unique among every Language Package in this pipeline.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Must be translated with full theological clarity; a Greek reader can access Paul's olive-tree metaphor (11:17-24) in its own original wording, a genuine interpretive advantage.

  ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic or national barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universal language.

  ROM.10.12-13