Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English–Japanese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all five chapters of 1 Peter. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY]; their established Japanese rendering, risk tier, and forbidden alternatives are carried forward unchanged, with only 1 Peter-specific contextual notes added. Terms newly introduced by 1 Peter are marked [NEW] and receive full risk classification here for the first time, calibrated to the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline.
Legend
- Status: BASELINE (reuse exactly, no deviation permitted) / NEW (first classification in this package)
- Risk: Critical / High / Medium / Low (per baseline definitions)
- Ch.: Chapter(s) of first/main occurrence in 1 Peter
| Term (EN) | Greek | Transliteration | Japanese | Status | Risk | Ch. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | theos | 神 | BASELINE | Critical | 1–5 | God | Qualify as 唯一のまことの神 at first occurrence per baseline rule. |
| Father | πατήρ | patēr | 父 | BASELINE | Medium | 1 | Adoption/God | Reuse exactly; 1 Peter’s “call on him as Father” (1:17) reinforces the relational-intimacy point already flagged in baseline. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Iēsous | イエス | BASELINE | Critical | 1–5 | Christology | Reuse exactly. |
| Christ | Χριστός | Christos | キリスト | BASELINE | Critical | 1–5 | Messianic Promise | Reuse exactly; biblical-illiteracy risk per baseline note applies equally here. |
| Lord | κύριος | kyrios | 主 | BASELINE | Critical | 1, 3 | Lordship of Christ | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | pneuma hagion | 聖霊 | BASELINE | Critical | 1, 4 | God/Sanctification | Reuse exactly; NEVER 霊 alone for the Holy Spirit — see also the distinct “spirits in prison” entry below, which correctly uses 霊 WITHOUT the 聖 qualifier for a different referent. |
| Grace | χάρις | charis | 恵み | BASELINE | Critical | 1, 3, 4, 5 | Grace | Reuse exactly. 1 Peter 5:5 (“God gives grace to the humble”) reactivates the on-giri Critical risk in a new context — see “Humility” below. |
| Faith | πίστις | pistis | 信仰 | BASELINE | High | 1 | Faith | Reuse exactly. |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | sōtēria | 救い | BASELINE | Critical | 1, 4 | Salvation | Reuse exactly; NEVER 解脱. |
| Righteousness / righteous | δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος | dikaiosynē / dikaios | 義 | BASELINE | Critical | 2, 3, 4 | Salvation / Substitutionary Suffering | Reuse exactly; in 1 Peter 3:18 (“the righteous for the unrighteous”), retain the forensic/substitutionary sense, not the Bushido personal-virtue sense already flagged in baseline. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | hamartia | 罪 | BASELINE | High | 2–4 | Universal Human Accountability | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy | ἅγιος | hagios | 聖い | BASELINE | High | 1, 2 | Sanctification | Reuse exactly. |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός | hagiasmos | 聖化 | BASELINE | High | 1 | Sanctification | Reuse exactly (“sanctification of the Spirit,” 1:2). |
| Glory | δόξα | doxa | 栄光 | BASELINE | High | 1, 4, 5 | God/Christology | Reuse exactly. |
| Prophet / prophecy | προφήτης / προφητεία | prophētēs / prophēteia | 預言者 / 預言 | BASELINE | Medium | 1 | Inspiration of Scripture | Reuse exactly; verify 預 (not 予) kanji throughout. |
| Election / elect | ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός | eklogē / eklektos | 選び / 選ばれた | BASELINE | Medium | 1, 2 | Effectual Calling | Reuse exactly; avoid competitive-selection (選抜) framing. |
| Calling / called | κλῆσις / καλέω | klēsis / kaleō | 召し / 召された | BASELINE | High | 2 | Divine Calling | Reuse exactly (“called you out of darkness,” 2:9). |
| Spiritual gifts | χάρισμα | charisma | 賜物 | BASELINE | Medium | 4 | Spiritual Gifts | Reuse exactly; avoid 超能力/霊力. |
| Fellowship (participation) | κοινωνία / κοινωνέω | koinōnia / koinōneō | 交わり / あずかる | BASELINE | Low→High in this context | 4 | Christian Fellowship | Base term Low risk in Romans; escalate to High here — “sharing in Christ’s sufferings” (4:13) is a much higher-stakes application than generic fellowship and must not be reduced to in-group solidarity (仲間意識). |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | parakaleō | 勧める | BASELINE | Low | 5 | Mutual Edification | Reuse exactly (“I exhort the elders,” 5:1). |
| Living Hope / Hope | ἐλπίς (ζῶσα) | elpis (zōsa) | 望み（生ける望み） | NEW | High | 1 | The Living Hope of the Resurrection | Not present in Romans TM — recommend formal addition. Risk: secular 希望/望み is generic-optimism vocabulary in Japanese media; also mild resistance from Buddhist desire/craving (欲) teaching. Must be anchored to the historical resurrection, not treated as generic hopefulness. |
| Resurrection (of Christ) | ἀνάστασις | anastasis | 復活 | BASELINE | High | 1, 3 | Living Hope of the Resurrection | Reuse exactly; NEVER 輪廻転生. 1 Peter 1:3 is a prime anchor point for restoring doctrinal weight against 復活’s pop-culture “comeback” dilution. |
| New birth / regeneration | ἀναγεννάω | anagennaō | 新しく生まれさせる／新生 | NEW | High | 1 | Living Hope | Must not be confused with 輪廻転生 (reincarnation) or secular self-help “fresh start” language. God’s sovereign, once-for-all act. |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία | klēronomia | 相続／資産 | NEW | Medium | 1 | Living Hope | Risk of collapse into secular inheritance-tax (相続税) legal/financial vocabulary; potential positive bridge via Japan’s family/business-succession culture, parallel to baseline’s adoption bridge. |
| Undefiled | ἀμίαντος | amiantos | 汚れのない | NEW | High | 1, 1 (lamb) | Living Hope / Substitutionary Suffering | 汚れ (kegare) directly names the Shinto ritual-pollution concept; must be distinguished from ritual-purity restoration and taught as moral/spiritual purity before God. |
| Guarded (by God’s power) | φρουρέω | phroureō | 守られている | NEW | Medium | 1 | Living Hope/Providence | Vivid military-guard image at risk of flattening; recommend explanatory reinforcement. |
| Fiery testing / genuineness of faith | δοκίμιον / δοκιμάζω | dokimion / dokimazō | 試される／精錬される | NEW | Medium | 1, 4 | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Risk of collapse into ascetic self-training (修行), already flagged under baseline sanctification; must be framed as God refining grace-given faith, not merit-earning discipline. |
| Trial(s) | πειρασμός | peirasmos | 試練 | NEW | Medium | 1 | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Distinguish consistently from “temptation” (誘惑) sense; 1 Peter’s usage is external hardship/persecution, not internal moral temptation. |
| Soul | ψυχή | psychē | たましい | NEW | Medium | 1 | Living Hope/Salvation | Distinguish from folk/animist ancestral-spirit (魂/霊) and ghost (幽霊) associations; denotes the whole person’s eternal salvation. |
| Sojourners / exiles | παρεπίδημος / πάροικος | parepidēmos / paroikos | 寄留者（仮住まいの者） | NEW | High | 1, 2 | Church identity | Risk of collapse into Japan’s bureaucratic 在留外国人 (registered foreign resident) legal category rather than theological heavenly-citizenship identity. |
| Diaspora / dispersion | διασπορά | diaspora | 離散 | NEW | Medium | 1 | Church identity | Requires OT background explanation before metaphorical reapplication to Gentile believers. |
| Foreknowledge (of God) | πρόγνωσις | prognōsis | 神の予知 | NEW | High | 1 | Divine Calling/Election | 予知 is the standard Japanese word for ESP/psychic precognition (occult TV/pop-culture trope); must be anchored as God’s sovereign purposive foreknowledge, not paranormal ability — parallel risk to the 預言/予言 homophone warning. |
| Sprinkling of blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | rhantismos haimatos | 血の注ぎかけ | NEW | Medium-High | 1 | Covenant/Atonement | Requires Exodus 24 covenant-ratification background; risk of a vague “blood ritual” reading without it. |
| Fear (reverent) | φόβος | phobos | 恐れ | NEW | High | 1 | Holiness in Conduct | Risk of collision with Japan’s folk-religious fear of offending/placating kami or ancestral spirits (祟り, tatari); must be taught as reverent awe before a holy, personal, just Father. |
| Ransom / redeem | λυτρόω / λύτρωσις | lytroō / lytrōsis | 贖われた（贖う） | NEW | Critical | 1 | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Reactivates the baseline’s on-giri Critical concern in a new lexical form: redemption must be taught as a completed, non-transactional release, not a debt now owed back to Christ. Also avoid crime-drama “ransom payment” (身代金) framing. |
| Ancestral / handed-down tradition | πατροπαράδοτος | patroparadotos | 先祖から伝えられた | NEW | High | 1 | Holiness in Conduct | Direct collision with living Japanese ancestor-veneration practice (先祖供養, butsudan); requires careful, non-inflammatory framing. |
| Unblemished lamb | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος | amnos amōmos | 傷もなく汚れもない子羊 | NEW | High | 1 | Substitutionary Suffering | Requires OT Passover/sacrificial-system background; 汚れ collision as above. |
| Living Word of God | λόγος ζῶν Θεοῦ | logos zōn Theou | 神の生きたみ言葉 | NEW | Medium | 1 | Inspiration of Scripture | Distinguish from Buddhist sutra (経) teacher-disciple transmission, per baseline note. |
| Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία | philadelphia | 兄弟愛 | NEW | Low-Medium | 1 | Christian Fellowship | Clarify gender-inclusive application. |
| Living stone | λίθος ζῶν | lithos zōn | 生ける石 | NEW | High | 2 | Church as Holy/Royal Priesthood | Risk of collision with Shinto sacred-stone (磐座, iwakura) devotion; clarify architectural/corporate metaphor, not a power-bearing object. |
| Spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός | oikos pneumatikos | 霊的な家 | NEW | High | 2 | Church as Holy/Royal Priesthood | 霊的 heavily used in Japanese New Age/“power spot” (パワースポット) occult tourism vocabulary; anchor explicitly to Holy Spirit indwelling. |
| Holy priesthood / Royal priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma | 聖なる祭司／王である祭司 | NEW | Critical | 2 | Church as Holy/Royal Priesthood | Uses established biblical 祭司; direct collision with living, professional Shinto (神主/巫女) and Buddhist (僧侶) priestly castes. Must clarify ALL believers corporately, not a specialist class — parallel to baseline’s 菩薩/聖者 “saints” warning. |
| Spiritual sacrifices | θυσίαι πνευματικαί | thysiai pneumatikai | 霊の供え物 | NEW | High | 2 | Church as Holy/Royal Priesthood | 供え物 is the standard term for Shinto/Buddhist altar offerings; must clarify non-cultic, non-physical offerings of praise/conduct. |
| Holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον | ethnos hagion | 聖なる国民 | NEW | Critical | 2 | Church as Holy/Royal Priesthood | Direct reactivation of baseline’s 神国日本 (State Shinto ultranationalist slogan) Critical warning under “kingdom_of_god.” Must anchor as the transnational, multiethnic people of God — never an ethno-nationalist claim. |
| A people for God’s possession | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | laos eis peripoiēsin | 神のものとされた民 | NEW | Medium | 2 | Church identity | Requires OT covenant background (Exod 19:5). |
| Submission / submit | ὑποτάσσω / ὑποταγή | hypotassō / hypotagē | 従う／服従する | NEW | High | 2, 3, 5 | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | Distinct from but closely related to baseline’s 信仰の従順 (obedience_of_faith, High). Extremely high real-world stakes given Japan’s hierarchical-deference culture (senpai-kōhai, corporate hierarchy, Bushido loyalty, karōshi concerns) — risk of endorsing abusive authority if taught without the letter’s own Christlike, voluntary, gospel-motivated framing and its explicit prohibition of “lording it over” (5:3). |
| Christ suffered for you (substitution) | Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν | Christos epathen hyper hymōn | キリストはあなたがたのために苦しみを受けられた | NEW | Critical | 2, 3, 4 | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | ὑπέρ must retain substitutionary force (“in your place”), not only exemplary force (“for your benefit/example”) — both senses coexist in 1 Peter and must not collapse into one. |
| Bore our sins on the tree | ἀναφέρω ἁμαρτίας ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | anapherō hamartias epi to xylon | 罪を身に負って木の上で | NEW | Critical | 2 | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Core substitutionary-atonement statement (Isa 53 echo); minor secondary Medium note re: Shinto sacred-tree (神木) association. |
| Wounds / stripes | μώλωψ | mōlōps | 傷 | NEW | Medium | 2 | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Clarify spiritual/moral healing, guard against prosperity-gospel physical-healing-only reading. |
| Overseer / Shepherd | ἐπίσκοπος / ποιμήν | episkopos / poimēn | 監督／牧者 | NEW | Medium | 2, 5 | Elders and Humility | 監督 risks corporate-manager/sports-coach flattening; prefer 牧者 for pastoral-care sense. |
| Righteous for the unrighteous | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | dikaios hyper adikōn | 正しい方が正しくない者たちのために | NEW | Critical | 3 | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Retain forensic-substitutionary 義, not Bushido personal-virtue sense. |
| Once (for all) | ἅπαξ | hapax | 一度だけ | NEW | Medium | 3 | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | Non-repeatability parallel to baseline’s 受肉/復活 uniqueness warnings. |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the spirits in prison | πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν | poreutheis ekēryxen tois en phylakē pneumasin | 捕らわれの霊たちに宣言された | NEW | Critical | 3 | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22) | Uniquely dangerous: one of few contexts where 霊 correctly stands without 聖 qualifier, yet directly adjacent to Japan’s vivid ancestral-spirit/ghost (幽霊) folk culture. Exegetically disputed passage requiring dedicated theologian-reviewed explanatory framework; must exclude folk-spirit/purgatory misreadings. |
| Ark | κιβωτός | kibōtos | 箱舟 | NEW | Medium | 3 | Proclamation to the Spirits | Requires OT judgment/salvation-through-water theology beyond the vague secular “Noah’s Ark” image. |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα | baptisma | 洗礼 | NEW | High | 3 | Proclamation to the Spirits/Salvation | Not in Romans baseline. Secular idiom risk (「〜の洗礼を受ける」= any harsh initiation) parallel to 復活’s pop-culture dilution; anchor explicitly to Christ’s resurrection (3:21). |
| Antitype / corresponding pattern | ἀντίτυπος | antitypos | 対応するもの／型 | NEW | Medium | 3 | Proclamation to the Spirits | Technical typological term requiring OT-NT explanatory bridge. |
| Good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή | syneidēsis agathē | 良心 | NEW | Medium | 3 | Holiness in Conduct | Risk of collapse into shame/social-conscience (cf. baseline 恥 note) rather than standing before God. |
| Authorities and powers | ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις | exousiai kai dynameis | 権威と勢力 | NEW | Medium | 3 | Lordship of Christ | Reinforces Christ’s supremacy over spiritual powers, including the imprisoned spirits. |
| Suffering (for righteousness’ sake) | πάθημα / πάσχω | pathēma / paschō | 苦しみ／苦しむ | NEW | High | 1, 3, 4, 5 | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Direct collision with Buddhism’s foundational “all is suffering” (一切皆苦) doctrine and its escape-through-detachment structure; 1 Peter’s suffering is meaningful participatory suffering pointing to future glory, the theological opposite. |
| Idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | 偶像礼拝 | NEW | Critical | 4 | Holiness in Conduct | Unlike distant “paganism,” Japan’s Shinto/Buddhist devotional images remain living mainstream family practice (butsudan, kamidana); requires exceptionally careful, non-inflammatory but doctrinally clear framing. |
| Sober-minded | νήφω | nēphō | 慎み深くする | NEW | Low-Medium | 4, 5 | Holiness in Conduct | Standard vigilance vocabulary, minimal collision. |
| Steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | 管理者 | NEW | Medium | 4 | Elders and Humility | Mild risk of generic-corporate-manager flattening. |
| Service / one who serves | διακονία / διάκονος | diakonia / diakonos | 奉仕／奉仕者 | NEW | Low-Medium | 4 | Elders and Humility | Avoid 執事 (= “butler” in modern usage) for the general sense. |
| Sharing in Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν | koinōneite tois Christou pathēmasin | キリストの苦しみにあずかる | NEW | High | 4 | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Not mere sympathetic solidarity (仲間意識); real participatory union with Christ in suffering. |
| Christian (the name) | Χριστιανός | Christianos | キリスト者／クリスチャン | NEW | Medium | 4 | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Parallel to baseline’s messiah-illiteracy note: クリスチャン is a common secular aesthetic-cultural marker in Japan (wedding chapels); distinguish from costly, suffering-marked biblical identity. |
| Ashamed | αἰσχύνομαι | aischynomai | 恥じる | NEW | High | 4 | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | Direct collision with Japan’s shame-oriented culture (恥, 体面); Peter’s command not to feel shame but to glorify God requires deliberate, sensitive framing. |
| Faithful Creator | κτίστης | ktistēs | 創造者／造り主 | NEW | High | 4 | God/Providence | Not in Romans baseline; competing creation narrative in Japan’s Kojiki (Izanagi/Izanami); anchor as the sole, personal, transcendent Creator. |
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | 長老 | NEW | Medium | 5 | Elders and Humility | Established general-Japanese-Christian polity term; potential positive bridge via Japan’s age/seniority-respect culture, but must clarify this is an appointed spiritual office, not mere age-based deference. |
| Domineering / lording over | κατακυριεύοντες | katakyrieuontes | 支配するのではなく | NEW | High | 5 | Elders and Humility / Submission to Authority | The letter’s own internal safeguard against hierarchical abuse; should be foregrounded alongside the submission passages. |
| Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην | archipoimēn | 牧者の長／大牧者 | NEW | Low-Medium | 5 | Elders and Humility | Natural compound, consistent with 2:25 imagery. |
| Humility / humble oneself | ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω | tapeinophrosynē / tapeinoō | 謙遜／自分を低くする | NEW | High | 5 | Elders and Humility | Risk of flattening into keigo/social-politeness performance rather than genuine dependence on God; also reactivates on-giri Critical concern via “God gives grace to the humble” (5:5) — humility must not be taught as earning grace. |
| Proud / arrogant | ὑπερήφανος | hyperēphanos | 高慢な | NEW | Low-Medium | 5 | Elders and Humility | Natural antonym, minimal collision. |
| Anxiety / care | μέριμνα | merimna | 思い煩い | NEW | Low-Medium | 5 | Christlike Endurance | Positive pastoral-application bridge via contemporary stress/mental-health discourse. |
| Adversary / devil | ἀντίδικος / διάβολος | antidikos / diabolos | 敵対する者／悪魔 | NEW | High | 5 | Christlike Endurance | 悪魔 is heavily pop-culturalized (anime/games); Japan’s own oni/yōkai folklore is distinct; clarify a real, personal spiritual adversary, not a fictional villain trope. |
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary New/Escalated Terms |
|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | 望み (hope), 復活 (baseline reuse), 新生 (new birth), 相続 (inheritance), たましい (soul) |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 苦しみ (suffering), 試練 (trial), キリストの苦しみにあずかる (sharing Christ’s sufferings), 恥じる (ashamed) |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 祭司 (priesthood), 生ける石 (living stone), 霊的な家 (spiritual house), 霊の供え物 (spiritual sacrifices), 聖なる国民 (holy nation) |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 従う／服従する (submit), 支配するのではなく (not domineering) |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | キリストは…苦しみを受けられた (Christ suffered for you), 正しい方が正しくない者のために (righteous for unrighteous), 罪を身に負って木の上で (bore sins on the tree), 贖われた (ransomed) |
| Holiness in Conduct | 恐れ (reverent fear), 偶像礼拝 (idolatry), 先祖から伝えられた (ancestral tradition), 良心 (good conscience) |
| Elders and Humility | 長老 (elder), 謙遜 (humility), 牧者 (shepherd), 支配するのではなく (not domineering) |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22) | 捕らわれの霊たちに宣言された (proclaimed to spirits in prison), 箱舟 (ark), 洗礼 (baptism), 対応するもの (antitype) |
Recommended action for Phase 1 Step 2+: The eight doctrines above marked with Critical-tier terms (holy/royal priesthood; holy nation; idolatry; Christ’s substitutionary suffering; Christ’s proclamation to the spirits; and the reactivated grace/redemption entries) should each receive a dedicated entry in an extended doctrine_risk_registry.json for 1 Peter, following the exact schema of the baseline Romans registry.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: 恵み
Transliteration: megumi
Doctrine: Grace / Ransom and Redemption by Christ’s Blood / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: 恩返しが要る恵み, 功徳
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The baseline on-giri (恩・義理 reciprocal-obligation) Critical warning is REACTIVATED twice in 1 Peter in new lexical contexts: (1) 1:18-19’s 贖われた (ransomed), which must never be heard as incurring a debt now owed back to Christ; (2) 5:5’s ‘God gives grace to the humble,’ which must never be heard as humility earning a reciprocal favor. Never imply repayment obligation in either passage.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: 義
Transliteration: gi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: 道徳, 正義感
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 3:18’s ‘the righteous for the unrighteous’ (δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων) is a forensic-substitutionary use naming Christ’s qualifying status to die in others’ place — NOT the Bushido personal-virtue sense of 義 (moral courage displayed) already flagged Critical in the baseline. This is the single highest-stakes recurrence of the baseline’s righteousness warning in this curriculum.
Salvation
Approved rendering: 救い
Transliteration: sukui
Doctrine: Salvation / Baptism and Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 解脱, 極楽往生
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 3:21’s ‘baptism now saves you’ additionally risks a ritual-efficacy misreading resembling Shinto purification (misogi) unless immediately anchored to Christ’s resurrection and an appeal of a good conscience to God, never a physical washing. NEVER 解脱.
Lord
Approved rendering: 主
Transliteration: shu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ / Christ’s Supremacy Over Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: 主君, ご主人様
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 3:15 (‘honor Christ the Lord in your hearts’) and 3:22 (authorities and powers subjected to him) reinforce exclusive Lordship — an important anchor against reading Christ as merely one powerful spirit among Japan’s folk-spirit hierarchy, especially adjacent to 3:19.
God
Approved rendering: 神
Transliteration: Kami
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: 八百万の神の一柱としての神, 神様
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3 opens the letter with a doxology (‘Blessed be the God and Father…’) — a prime location to apply the mandatory 唯一のまことの神 qualifier.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: 聖霊
Transliteration: Seirei
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: 霊, 幽霊
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER 霊 alone for the Holy Spirit. 1 Peter uniquely also contains CORRECT, non-Trinitarian unqualified uses of 霊 (3:18 Christ’s own spirit; 3:19 spirits in prison; 4:6). Translators must keep these two referents sharply distinct so proximity never dilutes 聖霊’s Critical qualifier — see ‘spirits_in_prison’ entry below.
Jesus
Approved rendering: イエス
Transliteration: Iesu
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: ゼズス
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reuse exactly throughout 1 Peter; never ゼズス.
Ransom
Approved rendering: 贖われた（贖う）
Transliteration: aganawareta (aganau)
Doctrine: Ransom and Redemption by Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: 身代金を払われた, 恩を受けた
Original: λυτρόω / λύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:18-19. Reactivates the baseline grace entry’s Critical on-giri concern in a new lexical form: ‘ransomed’ risks being processed as incurring a debt (恩) now owed back to Christ through obligatory repayment, rather than an unconditional, once-for-all release. Also must not be flattened to a crime-drama ‘ransom payment’ (身代金) transaction between equals. Requires explicit non-transactional framing alongside 恵み every occurrence.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: 聖なる祭司／王である祭司
Transliteration: kiyoi na saishi / ou de aru saishi
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: 特別な祭司階級としての祭司
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:5, 2:9. Uses the established biblical 祭司 (as for the OT Aaronic priesthood). Direct collision with Japan’s living, professional priestly castes: Shinto 神主 (kannushi) and shrine maidens 巫女 (miko), and Buddhist 僧侶/お坊さん. Must clarify ALL believers corporately, not a specialist ritual class, are meant — parallel in urgency to the baseline’s 菩薩/聖者 ‘saints’ warning. Never let 祭司 stand as a bare noun in a doctrinal statement without this clarifying clause.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: 聖なる国民
Transliteration: kiyoi na kokumin
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: 神国日本という表現・語感の使用
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:9. 国民 is the modern political/legal term for national citizenship; this exact phrase risks direct resonance with the pre-1945 State Shinto slogan 神国日本 (‘divine-nation Japan’) already flagged Critical under the baseline kingdom_of_god entry. Must be anchored immediately and explicitly as the transnational, multiethnic people of God — never an ethno-nationalist claim.
Substitutionary Suffering
Approved rendering: キリストはあなたがたのために苦しみを受けられた／正しい方が正しくない者たちのために
Transliteration: Kirisuto wa anatagata no tame ni kurushimi wo ukerareta / tadashii kata ga tadashikunai monotachi no tame ni
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: 模範としてのみの苦しみ
Original: Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ὑμῶν / δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:21, 2:24, 3:18. Greek ὑπέρ must retain substitutionary force (‘in your place’), not collapse into only exemplary force (‘as an example’); 1 Peter holds both senses (2:21 example, 2:24/3:18 substitution) and must not collapse into only one. Maintain two distinct renderings calibrated per verse context.
Bore Sins On Tree
Approved rendering: 私たちの罪を身に負って木の上で
Transliteration: watashitachi no tsumi wo karada ni ootte ki no ue de
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀναφέρω ἁμαρτίας ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:24 (Isaiah 53 echo). Core substitutionary-atonement statement. Minor secondary note: avoid accidental resonance with Shinto sacred-tree veneration (神木, shinboku); primary risk remains preserving the substitutionary-atonement meaning itself.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: 捕らわれの霊たちに宣言された
Transliteration: torawareno reitachi ni sengen sareta
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Rejected alternatives: 聖霊たちに（誤用・複数化の誤り）
Original: πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν τοῖς ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 3:19. One of the very few contexts where 霊 correctly stands WITHOUT the 聖 qualifier, yet directly adjacent to Japan’s vivid ancestral-spirit and ghost culture (幽霊, yuurei; Obon ancestor rites; purgatory-adjacent folk cosmology). Exegetically disputed passage. Requires a dedicated, theologian-reviewed explanatory framework attached at EVERY occurrence, distinguishing major historic interpretive options and explicitly excluding folk-spirit/ancestor-rescue/purgatory readings. No automated-review or native-speaker-only path is permitted for any segment containing this term.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: 偶像礼拝
Transliteration: guuzou reihai
Doctrine: Idolatry and Former Gentile Conduct
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. 1 Peter 4:3. Unlike distant historical ‘paganism,’ Japan’s Shinto kami-worship and Buddhist devotional image veneration (butsudan altars with ancestor tablets, ihai; kamidana household shelves) remain living, mainstream family practices maintained by many secular/nominal readers as filial duty. Requires exceptionally careful, non-inflammatory but doctrinally clear framing — name the biblical category without gratuitously targeting readers’ family altars.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: 信仰
Transliteration: shinkou
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: 信心, 宗教心
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:7-9 ties faith’s proven genuineness to future salvation of souls; distinguish from generic 宗教心 as in baseline.
Sin
Approved rendering: 罪
Transliteration: tsumi
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: 恥, 迷惑をかけること
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:24’s ‘he himself bore our sins’ makes the guilt-before-a-holy-God sense especially load-bearing; the baseline’s shame-culture caution (恥/迷惑) is equally in force.
Holy
Approved rendering: 聖い
Transliteration: kiyoi
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Spirit / Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: 清らか, 穢れがない
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline Medium to High for this curriculum given 1 Peter 1:15-16’s direct ‘be holy, for I am holy’ command and its foundational role for 2:5/2:9’s priesthood/nation identity. Distinguish from Shinto ritual purity (misogi/harae).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: 聖化
Transliteration: seika
Doctrine: Sanctification of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: 修行, 悟り
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2’s Trinitarian formula (‘elect… in the sanctification of the Spirit’) pairs directly with 聖霊; must never collapse into ascetic training (修行) or sudden enlightenment (悟り).
Glory
Approved rendering: 栄光
Transliteration: eikou
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Eternal Dominion / Shame and Glorifying God in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: 名誉
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; escalated from baseline Medium given 1 Peter 4:16’s pastorally weighty command to glorify God rather than feel shame when suffering as a Christian. Avoid 名誉 (secular honor/reputation).
Election
Approved rendering: 選び
Transliteration: erabi
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge of God
Rejected alternatives: 合格, 選抜
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline Medium given its foundational role in 1 Peter 1:1-2 and 2:9’s ‘chosen race.’ Avoid Japan’s competitive exam/hiring ‘selection’ (選抜) framing.
Called
Approved rendering: 召された
Transliteration: mesareta
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge of God
Rejected alternatives: 運命づけられた, 天職
Original: καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 2:9 (‘called you out of darkness’) and 3:9 (called to bless) both apply; never 運命づけられた (impersonal fate).
Calling
Approved rendering: 召し
Transliteration: meshi
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge of God
Rejected alternatives: 運命, 天職
Inherited from Romans package. Retained for consistency with ‘called’; no direct standalone occurrence in 1 Peter but the noun form must remain identical if used in teaching material discussing the doctrine.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: 交わり
Transliteration: majiwari
Doctrine: Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings
Rejected alternatives: 仲間意識
Original: κοινωνία / κοινωνέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; risk ESCALATED from baseline Low to High for this curriculum. 1 Peter 4:13’s ‘sharing (あずかる) Christ’s sufferings’ is a much higher-stakes claim than Romans’ generic community fellowship — real participatory union with Christ in pain, never generic in-group solidarity (仲間意識).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: 復活
Transliteration: fukkatsu
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 輪廻転生, カムバック
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:3 is this curriculum’s single best anchor point for restoring 復活’s doctrinal weight against secular pop-culture ‘comeback’ dilution (bands, sports teams, products); 3:21 depends on the same restored weight. NEVER 輪廻転生.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: 霊的な家
Transliteration: reiteki na ie
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: パワースポット的な家, 気の宿る家
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:5. 霊的 (‘spiritual’) is heavily used in contemporary Japanese occult/New Age and ‘power spot’ tourism vocabulary (パワースポット; TV mediums). Must clarify this refers specifically to Holy Spirit indwelling building the corporate church, never generic vague ‘spiritual energy.‘
Messiah
Approved rendering: キリスト
Transliteration: Kirisuto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: 救世主
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:10-12’s claim that OT prophets foretold ‘the sufferings of Christ and the glories that would follow’ requires heavy explanatory teaching connecting the transliterated name to its messianic-fulfillment content, since secular readers know ‘Kirisuto’ mainly as a foreign cultural-aesthetic brand.
Covenant
Approved rendering: 契約
Transliteration: keiyaku
Doctrine: Covenant Sprinkling and Obedience of Faith
Original: διαθήκη (implicit, via sprinkling of blood, 1:2)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2’s sprinkling-of-blood imagery (Exodus 24) reapplies covenant-ratification language; 契約 defaults to the everyday commercial-contract sense in modern Japanese and requires active teaching to restore its relational, gracious sense.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: 信仰の従順／従順
Transliteration: shinkou no juujun / juujun
Doctrine: Covenant Sprinkling and Obedience of Faith / Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: 空気を読んだ従順, 上下関係への服従
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2, 1:14 (‘obedient children’), and 3:6 (Sarah’s obedience to Abraham as a model) all apply. Japan’s hierarchical-obedience culture (senpai-kōhai, corporate hierarchy, Bushido loyalty) makes this an especially acute risk; must always be read alongside 5:3’s prohibition of domineering leadership.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: 生ける望み
Transliteration: ikeru nozomi
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 望み（単独での使用）, 希望（単独での使用）
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:3, the curriculum’s core-passage anchor concept. Secular 希望／望み is generic-optimism vocabulary throughout Japanese media (motivational-poster language); Buddhist cultural literacy around desire/craving (欲) as a source of suffering can create subtle resistance to ‘hope’ as something actively cultivated. Always render as the compound 生ける望み, never bare 望み, and anchor explicitly to Christ’s historical resurrection in the same sentence.
New Birth
Approved rendering: 新しく生まれさせる／新生
Transliteration: atarashiku umaresaseru / shinsei
Doctrine: New Birth and Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: 心を入れ替える, 輪廻転生
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:3, 1:23. God’s sovereign, monergistic act; must not be flattened into secular self-improvement ‘fresh start’ language (心を入れ替える) or confused with 輪廻転生 (reincarnation). Use the descriptive verbal phrase in exposition; reserve 新生 for headings only.
Undefiled
Approved rendering: 汚れのない
Transliteration: kegare no nai
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμίαντος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:4 (inheritance) and 1:19 (the Lamb). 汚れ (kegare) is the specific Shinto ritual-pollution term addressed through purification rites (harae, misogi); must be taught as moral/spiritual purity guaranteed by God, never a state maintained through ritual cleansing.
Sojourners
Approved rendering: 寄留者（仮住まいの者）
Transliteration: kiryuusha
Doctrine: Sojourner and Exile Identity
Rejected alternatives: 在留外国人
Original: παρεπίδημος / πάροικος
Category: Church
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:1, 1:17, 2:11-12. Risk of being read through Japan’s bureaucratic 在留外国人 (registered foreign resident, visa-status) legal category rather than as a theological-eschatological identity of full heavenly citizenship while journeying through, not belonging to, the present world order. Requires explanatory anchoring at first occurrence.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: 神の予知
Transliteration: Kami no yochi
Doctrine: Election and Foreknowledge of God
Rejected alternatives: 予知（単独使用）, 予知能力
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:2. 予知 is the standard Japanese word for ESP/psychic precognition (予知能力, a stock TV-psychic pop-culture trope). The 神の qualifier must be structurally inseparable from the noun; never allow bare 予知 in doctrinal statements.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: 血の注ぎかけ
Transliteration: chi no sosogikake
Doctrine: Covenant Sprinkling and Obedience of Faith
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:2. Requires OT covenant-ratification background (Exodus 24) unfamiliar to biblically illiterate readers; without explicit teaching this risks a vague ‘blood ritual’ reading disconnected from its covenant meaning.
Reverent Fear
Approved rendering: 恐れ
Transliteration: osore
Doctrine: Reverent Fear of God
Original: φόβος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:17. Risk of collapsing into generic terror or Japan’s folk-religious practice of fearing/placating kami or ancestral spirits to avert misfortune (祟り, tatari). Must be taught as reverent, relational awe before a personal, holy, impartial Father, never appeasement of a potentially vindictive spiritual power.
Ancestral Tradition
Approved rendering: 先祖から伝えられた
Transliteration: senzo kara tsutaerareta
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct / Ransom and Redemption
Original: πατροπαράδοτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:18. Direct collision point: Japan’s ancestor-veneration practices (先祖供養, butsudan home altars, Obon rites) are widely maintained even by secular/nominal families as filial duty, not experienced as ‘empty’ religion. Requires careful, non-inflammatory framing of the general biblical category without gratuitously targeting readers’ specific family practices.
Unblemished Lamb
Approved rendering: 傷もなく汚れもない子羊
Transliteration: kizu mo naku kegare mo nai kohitsuji
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:19. 汚れ again collides with Shinto ritual-purity vocabulary; also requires OT Passover/sacrificial-system background for biblically illiterate readers.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: 生ける石
Transliteration: ikeru ishi
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:4-5. Risk of collision with Japan’s Shinto sacred-stone devotion (磐座, iwakura — stones believed to house a kami). Must clarify this is architectural/corporate-identity metaphor (Christ as cornerstone, believers built together), never a power-bearing sacred object.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: 霊の供え物
Transliteration: rei no sonaemono
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: θυσίαι πνευματικαί
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:5. 供え物 is the standard word for literal ritual offerings placed at Shinto/Buddhist altars (food, sake, incense). Must clarify these are non-cultic, non-physical offerings of praise and obedient conduct, never literal ritual objects before an altar.
Submission
Approved rendering: 従う／服従する
Transliteration: shitagau / fukujuu suru
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: ὑποτάσσω / ὑποταγή
Category: Authority
NEW term, distinct from but closely related to 信仰の従順. 1 Peter 2:13 (civil authority), 2:18 (servants/masters), 3:1 (wives/husbands). Japan’s exceptionally strong hierarchical-deference culture (senpai-kōhai, corporate hierarchy, Bushido loyalty, karōshi concerns) creates serious risk this teaching is heard as endorsing existing hierarchies unconditionally or excusing abuse. MUST always be taught alongside 5:3’s explicit prohibition of domineering leadership.
Baptism
Approved rendering: 洗礼
Transliteration: senrei
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Salvation
NEW term, not present in the Romans baseline. 1 Peter 3:21. 洗礼 is also a common secular Japanese idiom (‘〜の洗礼を受ける,’ ‘to receive the baptism of ~,’ meaning any harsh initiatory experience), paralleling 復活’s pop-culture dilution risk. Must be actively countered with explicit doctrinal anchoring to Christ’s resurrection every occurrence, never treated as any tough initiation.
Suffering
Approved rendering: 苦しみ／苦しむ
Transliteration: kurushimi / kurushimu
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:6-7, 3:14-17, 4:1, 4:12-19, 5:9-10. Direct structural collision with Buddhism’s foundational First Noble Truth (一切皆苦, issai kai ku, ‘all existence is suffering’), escaped through detachment/enlightenment. 1 Peter’s suffering-for-righteousness is meaningful, purposeful participation with Christ pointing toward future glory — the theological opposite structure. Must be explicitly taught at every major occurrence, not assumed absent.
Sharing Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: キリストの苦しみにあずかる
Transliteration: Kirisuto no kurushimi ni azukaru
Doctrine: Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings
Rejected alternatives: 仲間意識
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
NEW term, related to the escalated 交わり (fellowship) entry. 1 Peter 4:13. Must not be reduced to mere sympathetic solidarity (仲間意識) but taught as real union with Christ even in pain.
Ashamed
Approved rendering: 恥じる
Transliteration: hajiru
Doctrine: Shame and Glorifying God in Suffering
Original: αἰσχύνομαι
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 4:16. Direct, explicit collision with Japan’s well-documented shame-oriented culture (恥, haji; 体面, taimen, ‘face’/public standing), already flagged under the baseline sin entry. Peter’s command to feel no shame but rather glorify God requires deliberate, sensitive cultural framing, never a flat lexical rendering.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: 創造者／造り主
Transliteration: souzousha / tsukurinushi
Doctrine: The Faithful Creator and Entrusted Suffering
Original: κτίστης
Category: God
NEW term, not present in the Romans baseline. 1 Peter 4:19. Japan’s own cosmogonic mythology (the Kojiki’s creator-kami pair Izanagi and Izanami) provides a competing creation narrative. Must clarify the sole, personal, transcendent, faithful Creator — not one deity within a mythological pantheon.
Domineering
Approved rendering: 支配するのではなく
Transliteration: shihai suru no dewa naku
Doctrine: Elders and Humility / Submission to Authority
Original: κατακυριεύοντες
Category: Authority
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:3 (κατακυριεύοντες). This negative command is the letter’s own internal safeguard against the hierarchical-abuse risk flagged under all submission entries; must be foregrounded prominently alongside every submission passage, never treated as a minor aside.
Humility
Approved rendering: 謙遜／自分を低くする
Transliteration: kenson / jibun wo hikuku suru
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:5-6. Japan’s extensive ritualized humility norms (modesty conventions, self-deprecating speech, the honorific 敬語/keigo system) risk flattening biblical humility into social-politeness performance rather than genuine dependence on God. ‘God gives grace to the humble’ (5:5) risks reactivating the Critical on-giri concern already flagged under ‘grace’ — humility must never be taught as earning grace.
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: 敵対する者／悪魔
Transliteration: tekitai suru mono / akuma
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Adversary
Original: ἀντίδικος / διάβολος
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:8. 悪魔 is heavily pop-culturalized in Japanese media (anime, video games); Japan’s own folk-demon/monster tradition (鬼, oni; 妖怪, yōkai) is wholly distinct from the biblical devil. Must clarify a real, personal, spiritual adversary opposed to God and his people, never a fictional villain trope or folkloric monster.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: 福音
Transliteration: fukuin
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: いい知らせ, グッドニュース
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:12, 1:25b (‘this word… preached to you’), and 4:6 all presuppose 福音 as the content proclaimed; the baseline blankness/biblical-illiteracy risk (not a competing wrong meaning) applies equally here.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: 賜物
Transliteration: tamamono
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: 超能力, 霊力
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:10 (‘each has received a gift… good stewards of God’s varied grace’). Never 超能力 (anime/manga superpower trope) or 霊力 (folk-medium psychic power).
Peace
Approved rendering: 平安
Transliteration: heian
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: 安心, 癒し
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2 (greeting) and 5:14 (benediction); 3:11 (‘seek peace’). Distinguish from generic 安心/癒し wellness vocabulary.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: 異邦人
Transliteration: ihoujin
Doctrine: Idolatry and Former Gentile Conduct
Rejected alternatives: 外人
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter 2:12 and 4:3, the referent shifts from Romans’ Jew/Gentile covenant distinction to unbelieving outsiders watching the church’s conduct; teaching must clarify this shift. Avoid casual 外人.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: 神の力
Transliteration: Kami no Chikara
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection (guarded by God’s power)
Rejected alternatives: 気, パワー
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5 additionally uses the military-guard verb φρουρέω (‘garrisoned’); see ‘guarded_by_gods_power’ entry for the supplementary image. Avoid 気/パワー as in baseline.
Father
Approved rendering: 父
Transliteration: chichi
Doctrine: God / Reverent Fear of God
Rejected alternatives: 家長
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:17 pairs ‘Father’ directly with 恐れ (reverent fear); Japan’s formal patriarchal 家長 framing and ‘absent salaryman father’ trope risk under-supplying either the relational warmth (needed for 1:3) or the reverence (needed for 1:17) without deliberate teaching on both poles.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: 相続／資産
Transliteration: souzoku / shisan
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:4. 相続 defaults to Japan’s modern inheritance-tax/estate-law register (相続税); Japan’s family/business-succession culture is a workable bridge, parallel to the baseline’s 養子縁組 adoption bridge, provided the text retains 1:4’s own modifiers (‘imperishable, undefiled, unfading’) rather than dropping them for brevity.
Guarded By Gods Power
Approved rendering: 守られている
Transliteration: mamorareteiru
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: φρουρέω
Category: God
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:5 (φρουρέω, a military-guard image — a garrison stationed around a fortress). A flat 守られている risks losing this intensity; supplement with explicit garrison/fortress teaching imagery.
Genuineness Of Faith
Approved rendering: 試された信仰／精錬された信仰
Transliteration: tamesareta shinkou / seiren sareta shinkou
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: 修行によって得た信仰
Original: δοκίμιον / δοκιμάζω
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:7 (δοκίμιον, metallurgical refining image). Risk of collapsing into ascetic self-training (修行); must be framed as God refining faith already given by grace, never merit-earning discipline.
Trial
Approved rendering: 試練
Transliteration: shiren
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: 誘惑
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:6 (πειρασμός). Must consistently render 試練 (external hardship/persecution), never 誘惑 (temptation to sin), across all of 1 Peter’s suffering passages.
Soul
Approved rendering: たましい
Transliteration: tamashii
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:9, 2:25. Must be distinguished from folk/animist wandering ancestral-spirit notions (Obon veneration) or ghosts (幽霊); denotes the believer’s whole eternal self being saved, never a spirit requiring appeasement or memorial rites.
Diaspora
Approved rendering: 離散
Transliteration: risan
Doctrine: Sojourner and Exile Identity
Rejected alternatives: ディアスポラ（音訳のみでの使用）
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:1. Requires OT background explanation (the historical Jewish diaspora) before being understood as reapplied metaphorically to the letter’s largely Gentile recipients.
Living Word Of God
Approved rendering: 神の生きたみ言葉
Transliteration: Kami no ikita mikotoba
Doctrine: The Living Word of God
Rejected alternatives: 経（きょう）
Original: λόγος ζῶν Θεοῦ
Category: Scripture
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:23-25. Must be distinguished from Buddhist sutra (経) transmission through a teacher-disciple lineage; みことば is the established reverent Japanese Christian term and should be retained.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: 兄弟愛
Transliteration: kyoudai ai
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
NEW term. 1 Peter 1:22. 兄弟 reads grammatically male-specific in casual Japanese; doctrinal register should clarify gender-inclusive application to the whole church family.
Peoples Possession
Approved rendering: 神のものとされた民
Transliteration: Kami no mono to sareta tami
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:9 (Exodus 19:5 covenant-ownership language). Requires OT covenant background for biblically illiterate readers.
Wounds
Approved rendering: 傷
Transliteration: kizu
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: μώλωψ
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:24 (Isaiah 53:5 quotation). Clarify spiritual/moral healing from sin; guard against a prosperity-gospel-style physical-healing-only reading.
Shepherd Overseer
Approved rendering: 牧者／羊飼い
Transliteration: bokusha / hitsujikai
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood / Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: 監督（単独使用、スポーツ監督・映画監督との混同）
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ποιμήν
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 2:25 (Christ), 5:2 (elders). 監督 in contemporary Japanese strongly connotes a sports-team manager/coach or film director; use 牧者 as the primary pastoral-care rendering.
Once For All
Approved rendering: 一度だけ
Transliteration: ichido dake
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 3:18. Non-repeatability parallel to the baseline’s 受肉/復活 uniqueness warnings — Christ’s atoning suffering is not a recurring event.
Ark
Approved rendering: 箱舟
Transliteration: hakobune
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Original: κιβωτός
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 3:20. Moderately known even in secular Japan (children’s stories) but usually as a decontextualized image; requires OT judgment/salvation-through-water background to be supplied, not assumed.
Antitype
Approved rendering: 対応するもの／型
Transliteration: taiou suru mono / kata
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18-22)
Rejected alternatives: アンティタイプ（音訳のみでの使用）
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Scripture
NEW term. 1 Peter 3:21 (ἀντίτυπος). A rare technical typological term requiring OT-NT explanatory bridge; a transliterated loanword would carry zero cultural handle, so paraphrase with scaffolding is preferred over transliteration.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: 良心
Transliteration: ryoushin
Doctrine: Baptism and Salvation / Holiness in Conduct
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. 1 Peter 3:21. Risk of collapse into shame/social-avoidance conscience (cf. baseline’s 恥/迷惑 sin-doctrine note) rather than standing specifically before God.
Authorities And Powers
Approved rendering: 権威と勢力
Transliteration: ken’i to seiryoku
Doctrine: Christ’s Supremacy Over Spiritual Powers
Original: ἐξουσίαι καὶ δυνάμεις
Category: Christology
NEW term. 1 Peter 3:22. Reinforces Christ’s supremacy over all spiritual authorities, including the imprisoned spirits of 3:19; a useful theological anchor against folk-spirit-hierarchy misreadings of that passage.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: 慎み深くする／心を確かに保つ
Transliteration: tsutsumi bukaku suru / kokoro wo tashika ni tamotsu
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct / Spiritual Warfare and the Adversary
Original: νήφω
Category: Sanctification
NEW term. 1 Peter 4:7, 5:8. Standard vigilance vocabulary with minimal collision risk; use consistently across both occurrences.
Steward
Approved rendering: 管理者
Transliteration: kanrisha
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 4:10. Mild risk of flattening into a generic secular corporate-manager role without the ‘entrusted, not owned’ nuance.
Service
Approved rendering: 奉仕／奉仕者
Transliteration: houshi / houshisha
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: 執事（現代語では主に「バトラー」の意で、この一般的な意味には不適）
Original: διακονία / διάκονος
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 4:10-11. Avoid 執事 for the general ‘one who serves’ sense, since it now primarily means ‘butler’ in modern Japanese; reserve 執事 strictly for a later technical ‘deacon’ office discussion if introduced.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: キリスト者／クリスチャン
Transliteration: Kirisuto-sha / Kurisuchan
Doctrine: Shame and Glorifying God in Suffering
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 4:16. Parallel to the baseline’s messiah biblical-illiteracy note: クリスチャン is widely known secularly in Japan mainly as an aesthetic/cultural marker (Christian-style wedding chapels); this passage requires distinguishing a costly, suffering-marked identity from a merely cultural/aesthetic label. Prefer キリスト者 in doctrinal exposition; reserve クリスチャン for informal/narrative register.
Elder
Approved rendering: 長老
Transliteration: chourou
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:1. 長老 is an established general-Japanese-Christian church-polity term (長老派教会) and carries a helpful bridge via Japan’s Confucian-influenced age-respect culture. However, this bridge is also a risk: must clarify this is an appointed, qualified spiritual office, not mere age-based deference.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: 牧者の長／大牧者
Transliteration: bokusha no chou / dai-bokusha
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:4 (ἀρχιποίμην). Natural compound, consistent with the 2:25 shepherd/overseer imagery.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: 預言者
Transliteration: yogensha
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 予言者, 占い師
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Verify the 預 (not 予) kanji throughout 1 Peter 1:10-12.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: 預言
Transliteration: yogen
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 予言, 占い
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Same 預/予 homophone caution applies to 1 Peter 1:10-12.
Exhort
Approved rendering: 勧める
Transliteration: susumeru
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:1 (‘I exhort the elders as a fellow elder’) and 5:12.
Apostle
Approved rendering: 使徒
Transliteration: shito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: 教祖
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Peter’s self-identification and authority basis (1 Peter 1:1). Never 教祖 (post-Aum Shinrikyo negative associations).
Proud
Approved rendering: 高慢な
Transliteration: koumanna
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ὑπερήφανος
Category: Priesthood
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:5. Natural antonym to humility, minimal collision risk.
Anxiety
Approved rendering: 思い煩い
Transliteration: omoinazurai
Doctrine: God’s Restoration After Suffering
Original: μέριμνα
Category: Suffering
NEW term. 1 Peter 5:7. Low collision risk; a potentially strong pastoral-application bridge given contemporary Japanese mental-health/stress-culture discourse.
Referenced passages