Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Revelation 1–22 (Japanese)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified across the full book of Revelation in 07_semantic_analysis.md. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Baseline Reuse] and their recorded Japanese rendering is carried forward unchanged; any additional risk note specific to Revelation’s context is included. New terms are marked [New] and are candidates for addition to translation_memory.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json in the next pipeline step.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused in Revelation
| English Term | Japanese | Transliteration | Risk (Baseline) | Revelation Chapters | Revelation-Specific Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | 神 | Kami | Critical | 1, 4–5, 7, 19–22 | Doctrinal weight peaks in worship scenes (ch. 4–5, 19); qualify with 唯一のまことの神 in all key throne-room doctrinal statements. |
| Jesus | イエス | Iesu | Critical | 1, 19, 22 | Standard; no new risk. |
| Christ | キリスト | Kirisuto | Critical | 1, 11, 12, 20 | ”Kingdom… of his Christ” (11:15) ties Christ’s reign directly to Doctrine 1. |
| Lord | 主 | Shu | Critical | 1, 4, 11, 19, 22 | ”King of kings and Lord of lords” (19:16) is the climactic reinforcement of this entry; exclusivity must never soften. |
| Holy Spirit | 聖霊 | Seirei | Critical | 1–3, 14, 22 | ”What the Spirit says to the churches” refrain (ch. 2–3); NEVER use 霊 alone — see also [New] entry “Seven Spirits” below, a related but distinct risk. |
| Salvation | 救い | Sukui | Critical | 7, 12, 19 | ”Salvation belongs to our God” (7:10, 19:1); reinforce against 極楽往生/Pure Land conflation, now compounded by New Heaven/New Earth eschatology. |
| Righteousness | 義 | Gi | Critical | 19, 22 | ”His judgments are true and righteous” — forensic/judicial sense, not Bushido virtue; flag per baseline. |
| Grace | 恵み | Megumi | Critical | 1, 22 | ”Grace to you…” (1:4); “the grace of the Lord Jesus be with all” (22:21) — bookends the entire work; must retain non-transactional force established in baseline. |
| Faith | 信仰 | Shinkou | High | 2, 13, 14 | ”Keep the faith of Jesus” under persecution (14:12) directly serves Doctrine 3. |
| Church | 教会 | Kyoukai | Medium | 1–3, 22 | The seven churches; no new risk. |
| Kingdom of God | 神の国 | Kami no Kuni | High | 1, 11, 12 | ”The kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord” (11:15) is a primary Doctrine 1/2 text; maintain baseline’s mandatory anchoring against pre-1945 State Shinto ultranationalist resonance. |
| Glory | 栄光 | Eikou | Medium | 1, 4–5, 7, 21 | Frequent in throne-room worship; avoid 名誉 collapse per baseline; new note on glory-as-literal-illumination in 21:23. |
| Saints | 聖徒 | Seito | High | 5, 8, 11, 13, 14, 16–19 | ”Patience of the saints” (14:12) directly serves Doctrine 3/4; corporate, not elite-ascetic, per baseline. |
| Holy | 聖い | Kiyoi | Medium | 4, 6, 21–22 | Trisagion (4:8) intensifies baseline sense; holy city (21:2) extends the term corporately to the whole redeemed community’s dwelling. |
| Gospel | 福音 | Fukuin | Medium | 10, 14 | ”Eternal gospel” (14:6) compounds baseline blankness risk with unfamiliar judgment-framing. |
| Sin | 罪 | Tsumi | High | 1, 18 | ”Her sins are heaped high” (18:5); reinforce guilt-before-God framing over shame/meiwaku per baseline. |
| Resurrection | 復活 | Fukkatsu | High | 20 | ”First resurrection” (20:5); NEVER 輪廻転生 — critical continuity with baseline prohibition. |
| Father | 父 | Chichi | Medium | 1, 2, 3, 14 | ”His God and Father” (1:6); no new risk. |
| Apostle | 使徒 | Shito | Low | 18, 21 | Names of the twelve apostles on the city’s foundations (21:14); low risk. |
| Called/Calling | 召された/召し | Mesareta/Meshi | High | (implicit throughout) | Less lexically frequent in Revelation than Romans but doctrinally present in the overcomer/inheritance theme of 21:7. |
| Israel | イスラエル | Isuraeru | Medium | 7, 21 | 144,000 “of all the tribes of Israel” (7:4); twelve gates named for the twelve tribes (21:12). |
| David | ダビデ | Dabide | Medium | 3, 5, 22 | ”Key of David” (3:7); “Root of David” (5:5); “root and descendant of David” (22:16) — reinforces baseline Davidic Covenant doctrine. |
| Gentiles/Nations | 異邦人/諸国の民 | Ihoujin/Shokoku no tami | Medium | 7, 21–22 | ”Nations will walk by its light” (21:24) extends baseline’s Jew-Gentile unity doctrine into the consummated new creation. |
| Prophet/Prophecy | 預言者/預言 | Yogensha/Yogen | Medium | 1, 10, 11, 16, 19, 22 | Very frequent in Revelation; verify 預 kanji at every occurrence per baseline’s homophone caution — the risk is structurally heightened by sheer frequency. |
| Amen | アーメン | Aamen | Low | 1, 3, 5, 7, 19, 22 | Frequent; no new risk. |
| Hallelujah | ハレルヤ | Hareruya | Low | 19 | First and only NT concentration of this term (19:1-6); establishes it firmly for the destination-language tradition. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced by Revelation
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Japanese | Japanese Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Chapters | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Revelation / Apocalypse | ἀποκάλυψις | apokalypsis | 黙示 | mokushi | Medium | 8 | 1 | Distinguish from broader 啓示 (general revelation); correct “apocalypse = disaster” popular misreading. |
| Seven Spirits | ἑπτὰ πνεύματα | hepta pneumata | 七つの霊 | nanatsu no rei | Critical | 2 | 1, 3, 4, 5 | NEVER 御霊 (Shinto enshrined-spirit term); always clarify as the one Holy Spirit’s sevenfold fullness. |
| Almighty | παντοκράτωρ | pantokratōr | 全能者 | zennousha | Medium | 2 | 1, 4, 11, 15, 16, 19, 21 | Low collision risk; some biblical-illiteracy risk. |
| Tribulation | θλῖψις | thlipsis | 苦難 | kunan | Medium | 3 | 1, 2, 7 | Must be tied to persecution-for-faith specifically, not generic hardship. |
| Perseverance/Endurance | ὑπομονή | hypomonē | 忍耐 | nintai | High | 3 | 1, 2, 3, 13, 14 | Distinguish from Japan’s self-reliant 我慢 (gaman); biblical endurance is hope-anchored in Christ’s return. |
| Hades | ᾍδης | Hadēs | ハデス | Hadesu | High | 2, 4 | 1, 6, 20 | NEVER 黄泉 (Yomi, Japan’s indigenous Kojiki underworld). |
| Lord’s Day | κυριακὴ ἡμέρα | kyriakē hēmera | 主の日 | Shu no hi | Medium | 1 | 1 | Distinguish from secular 日曜日 (Sunday); biblical-illiteracy risk. |
| Overcome/Conquer | νικάω | nikaō | 勝利を得る | shōri o eru | High | 3, 9 | 2, 3, 12, 15, 17, 21 | Distinguish from Japan’s competitive achievement/exam-culture “winning”; victory is Spirit-sustained faithfulness, not merit. |
| Morning Star | ἀστὴρ πρωϊνός | astēr prōinos | 明けの明星 | ake no myōjō | High | 1 | 2, 22 | Risk of conflation with Shakyamuni’s traditional enlightenment-at-the-morning-star narrative; must not imply attainment through practice. |
| Throne | θρόνος | thronos | 御座 | (established Bible-tradition form) | High | 1, 2 | 4, 5, 20, 21 | 高御座 (Takamikura) is the actual name of the Japanese Imperial Throne; anchor doctrinally to avoid unwanted resonance, parallel to baseline’s 神の国 caution. |
| Elders (24 Elders) | πρεσβύτεροι | presbyteroi | 長老 | chōrō | Low-Medium | 7 | 4, 5, 7, 11, 14, 19 | Also an ordinary word for a respected senior figure; mild flattening risk. |
| Living Creatures | ζῷα | zōa | 生き物 | ikimono | Medium | 7, 8 | 4–7, 14–15, 19 | Ezekiel-1 background required; blankness risk, not collision. |
| Lamb | Ἀρνίον | Arnion | 子羊 | kohitsuji | Medium | 7 | 5–7, 12–15, 17, 19, 21–22 | Diminutive force (vulnerability + conquest paradox); blankness risk given Japan’s absent shepherd/lamb culture. |
| Worthy | ἄξιος | axios | ふさわしい | fusawashii | Low | 7 | 4–5 | Ties worthiness-to-open-scroll to worthiness-of-worship logic. |
| Incense (= prayers of saints) | θυμίαμα | thymiama | 香 | kō | High | 7 | 5, 8 | Strong Buddhist butsudan/funeral-ritual association (お香); anchor explicitly to prayer reaching God. |
| Seal / to seal | σφραγίς / σφραγίζω | sphragis / sphragizō | 封印 | fūin | Low-Medium | 8 | 5–8 | Contrasted later with beast’s mark (ch. 13). |
| Four Horsemen (colors) | ἵππος λευκός κ.τ.λ. | hippos leukos etc. | 馬（白・赤・黒・青白） | uma (shiro/aka/kuro/aoshiro) | Medium | 8 | 6 | Requires explicit symbolic (not literal-cavalry) framing. |
| Wrath (of God/Lamb) | ὀργή / θυμός | orgē / thymos | 怒り | ikari | High | 2, 4 | 6, 14–16, 19 | Distinguish from Shinto tatari (祟り, angry-spirit appeasement logic); this is righteous judicial response, not placation-seeking anger. |
| 144,000 | ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες | … | 十四万四千人 | jūyonman-yonsen-nin | Medium | 8 | 7, 14 | Case study for symbolic numerology; Japan’s own number-superstition culture (4/死, 9/苦) primes omen-reading over theological-symbol reading. |
| White Robes | στολαὶ λευκαί | stolai leukai | 白い衣 | shiroi koromo | High | 4, 9 | 6–7, 19 | Valence-flip risk: white connotes funerals/mourning in traditional Japanese culture, opposite of the intended purity/victory/joy sense. |
| Palm Branches | φοίνικες | phoinikes | しゅろの枝 | shuro no eda | Low-Medium | 7 | 7 | Biblical-illiteracy risk (no Palm Sunday referent). |
| Abyss | ἄβυσσος | abyssos | 底知れぬ穴 | soko shirenu ana | High | 8 | 9, 11, 17, 20 | AVOID 奈落 (Buddhist Naraka hell-realm term). |
| Mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | 奥義 | ōgi | Medium | 8 | 10, 17 | 奥義 also = martial-arts/gaming “secret technique”; dilution risk parallel to baseline’s 復活. |
| Witness/Testimony/Martyr | μαρτυρία / μάρτυς | martyria / martys | 証し・証人・殉教者 | shōshi/shōnin/junkyōsha | High | 3 | 1, 2, 6, 11, 12, 17, 19, 20 | Narrowing risk (courtroom-only sense) vs. positive bridge (Japan’s own Kirishitan martyrs history). |
| Temple of God (symbolic) | ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | naos tou theou | 神の神殿 | Kami no shinden | Medium | — | 11, 21 | Symbolic for God’s people/presence; contrast with 21:22’s “no temple” (fulfilled presence). |
| Dragon | δράκων | drakōn | 竜／龍 | ryū | High | 8, 9 | 12–13, 16, 20 | Japanese dragons (龍神, ryūjin) are typically benevolent water deities — near-opposite valence from Revelation’s Satan-dragon; requires strong contextual framing regardless of kanji choice. |
| Ancient Serpent | ὄφις [ὁ ἀρχαῖος] | ophis (ho archaios) | 古い蛇 | furui hebi | Medium | 8, 9 | 12, 20 | Mixed bridge: Yamata no Orochi (destructive) vs. Ugajin (benevolent) in Japanese folklore. |
| Michael | Μιχαήλ | Michaēl | ミカエル | Mikaeru | Low | — | 12 | Proper noun. |
| Beast | θηρίον | thērion | 獣 | kemono | Medium | 3, 8, 9 | 11, 13, 14–17, 19–20 | Risk of dilution via kaijū (怪獣) tokusatsu/Godzilla pop-culture monster-movie associations. |
| Mark of the Beast | χάραγμα | charagma | 刻印 | kokuin | Medium | 8 | 13–14, 16, 19–20 | Global over-literalization/conspiracy risk; anchor to ownership/allegiance function, contrast with God’s seal. |
| 666 / Number of the Beast | ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου | arithmos tou thēriou | 数字六百六十六 | rokuhyaku-rokujū-roku | Medium | 8 | 13 | Teach as historical gematria symbol, not a code to be independently “solved.” |
| Image of the Beast | εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου | eikōn tou thēriou | 獣の像 | kemono no zō | High | 8 | 13 | Direct link to the Idolatry pastoral-sensitivity caution (see below). |
| Eternal Gospel | εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον | euangelion aiōnion | 永遠の福音 | eien no fukuin | Medium | 8 | 14 | Judgment-framed gospel presentation, less familiar than Romans’ grace-framed gospel; teach as one gospel, two aspects. |
| Babylon (the Great) | Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη | Babylōn hē megalē | 大バビロン | Dai Babiron | Medium-High | 8 | 14, 16–18 | Requires OT background; risk of either irrelevance (purely ancient) or improper contemporary-nation identification. |
| Harlot / Great Prostitute | πόρνη [ἡ μεγάλη] | pornē (hē megalē) | 大淫婦 | dai-inpu | High | 8 | 17 | Symbolic OT-marriage-unfaithfulness figure, not literal commentary on women/sex workers; requires careful register. |
| Bride | νύμφη | nymphē | 花嫁 | hanayome | High | 6 | 19, 21 | Risk of dilution via Japan’s Western-style wedding-industry aesthetic. |
| Marriage Supper of the Lamb | γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου | gamos tou arniou | 子羊の婚宴 | kohitsuji no kon’en | High | 6 | 19 | Same bridal-dilution risk, intensified by banquet-scene visual appeal without covenantal teaching. |
| Word of God (title for Christ) | ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ | ho logos tou theou | 神の言 | Kami no kotoba | Critical | 1 | 19 | Direct continuity with 受肉/Incarnation doctrine (John 1:1,14); must not be treated as a separate title unconnected to Incarnation. |
| King of Kings and Lord of Lords | βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων | basileus basileōn kai kyrios kyriōn | 王の王、主の主 | ō no ō, shu no shu | High | 1, 2 | 19 | Climactic reinforcement of exclusive Lordship; lower direct imperial-title collision than 神の国 since Japan’s monarch is titled 天皇, not 王. |
| Thousand Years / Millennium | χίλια ἔτη | chilia etē | 千年 | sennen | Medium | 1, 8 | 20 | Avoid embedding a specific millennial interpretive stance in translation choice. |
| First Resurrection | πρώτη ἀνάστασις | prōtē anastasis | 最初の復活 | saisho no fukkatsu | High | 4, 9 | 20 | ”First” = sequence within one unrepeatable event, never a reincarnation-adjacent cycle. |
| Gog and Magog | Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ | Gōg kai Magōg | ゴグとマゴグ | Gogu to Magogu | Low-Medium | 8, 9 | 20 | Requires Ezekiel 38–39 background. |
| Judgment | κρίσις | krisis | 裁き | sabaki | Medium | 4 | 20 | Anchors vindication-of-saints doctrine. |
| Great White Throne | θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας | thronos leukos megas | 大きな白い御座 | ōkina shiroi goza | High | 1, 4 | 20 | Same Takamikura-adjacent caution as ch. 4/21, intensified by judgment context. |
| Book of Life | βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς | biblion tēs zōēs | 命の書 | inochi no sho | Medium | 4, 9 | 3, 13, 17, 20–21 | Avoid any meritorious-ledger framing (would reopen baseline’s earned-righteousness caution). |
| Lake of Fire | λίμνη τοῦ πυρός | limnē tou pyros | 火の池 | hi no ike | Critical | 4 | 19–21 | Buddhist jigoku hell-realm imagery is a double-edged bridge; must be taught as final/non-cyclical, unlike karma-resolving temporary hells. |
| Second Death | θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος | thanatos ho deuteros | 第二の死 | dai-ni no shi | Critical | 4, 9 | 2, 20–21 | Extends baseline’s resurrection forbidden-substitution rule; never reincarnation-cycle-adjacent. |
| New Heaven and New Earth | καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ | kainos ouranos kai kainē gē | 新しい天と新しい地 | atarashii ten to atarashii chi | Critical | 5 | 21 | Must not be conflated with 極楽 (Pure Land paradise-via-rebirth); this is renewed, continuous, physical creation. |
| New Jerusalem / Holy City | Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή / πόλις ἁγία | Ierousalēm kainē / polis hagia | 新しいエルサレム／聖なる都 | atarashii Erusaremu / seinaru miyako | Medium | 5, 6 | 21 | Requires OT covenant background. |
| Sea (symbolic, “no more sea”) | θάλασσα | thalassa | 海 | umi | High | 5, 8 | 13, 21 | Japan’s deep cultural/economic/religious sea-ties (incl. tsunami memory) risk literal-loss misreading of a symbolic chaos-removal statement. |
| Tabernacle / Dwell | σκηνή / σκηνόω | skēnē / skēnoō | 幕屋／共に住む | makuya / tomo ni sumu | High | 5, 1 | 7, 21 | Direct continuity with Incarnation doctrine (John 1:14); consummation of God’s tabernacling presence. |
| Idolater / Idolatry | εἰδωλολάτρης / εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatrēs / eidōlolatria | 偶像礼拝（者） | gūzō reihai(-sha) | Critical | — | 9, 13, 21–22 | Requires careful, respectful distinction from Japan’s near-universal butsudan ancestor-memorial practice; target is worship rivaling/replacing God, not family piety per se. |
| Worthy / Worship (of the Lamb) | ἄξιος / προσκυνέω / λατρεύω | axios / proskyneō / latreuō | ふさわしい／礼拝する／仕える | fusawashii / reihai suru / tsukaeru | High | 7 | 4–5, 7, 13, 19, 22 | 礼拝 is also generic cross-religious worship vocabulary (used for Islamic prayer and Buddhist/Shinto devotion in Japanese media); exclusivity of worship directed to the Lamb alone must be actively taught. |
| Curse | κατάρα | katara | 呪い | noroi | High | 5 | 22 | Strong association with Japanese folk curse-rituals (丑の刻参り) and vengeful-spirit horror tropes (怨霊); teach as reversal of Genesis 3’s judicial curse, not deactivation of a hex. |
| Tree of Life | ξύλον ζωῆς | xylon zōēs | 命の木 | inochi no ki | Medium | 5 | 2, 22 | Partial bridge via Japan’s sacred-tree tradition (神木); must distinguish from animate tree-spirit folklore (木霊). |
| Reward | μισθός | misthos | 報い | mukui | Medium-High | 4 | 22 | Risk of karmic-retribution (因果) framing; reward flows from grace-fulfilled promise, not mechanically earned merit. |
| ”I am coming soon” | ἔρχομαι ταχύ | erchomai tachy | すぐに来る | sugu ni kuru | Medium | 1, 9 | 22 | Requires teaching on prophetic imminence vs. calendar-literal prediction, given the interval since composition. |
| ”Come, Lord Jesus” | ἔρχου, Κύριε Ἰησοῦ | erchou, Kyrie Iēsou | 主イエスよ、来てください | Shu Iesu yo, kite kudasai | Low-Medium | 1 | 22 | Believer’s appropriate response of longing; reuses baseline’s 主/Lord entry. |
| Blessed | μακάριος | makarios | 幸いな | saiwai na | Low | — | 1, 14, 16, 19–20, 22 | Recurs as a structural refrain throughout the book; low risk. |
| ”It is done” | γέγοναν | gegonan | 事は成った | koto wa natta | Medium | 1, 2 | 16, 21 | Echoes Christ’s τετέλεσται (John 19:30); must be taught as continuous with the finished work of the cross. |
| Alpha and Omega / Beginning and End | Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ / ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος | Alpha kai to Ō / archē kai telos | アルファとオメガ／初めと終わり | Arufa to Omega / hajime to owari | Medium | 2 | 1, 21–22 | Requires explicit first-use explanation (Greek alphabet letters carry no native meaning for Japanese readers). |
| Freely / As a Gift (no cost) | δωρεάν | dōrean | 価なしに | atai nashi ni | Critical | 2 | 21–22 | Direct extension of baseline’s Critical on-giri/grace caution; salvation’s consummation, like its beginning, is unearned. |
| Cowardly (the fearful) | δειλός | deilos | 恐れる者／臆病な者 | osoreru mono / okubyō na mono | High | 3 | 21 | Bushido-honor shame bridge available but must be taught as covenant-unfaithfulness (faith failure), not mere courage/face failure. |
| Sorcerer | φάρμακος | pharmakos | 魔術を行う者 | majutsu o okonau mono | Medium | 8 | 9, 21–22 | Distinguish from Japan’s historic onmyōdō divination tradition and modern entertainment 占い. |
Section C — Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference Index
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary New Terms | Primary Baseline-Reused Terms |
|---|---|---|
| 1. The Return and Reign of Christ | Morning Star, White-Horse Rider, King of Kings/Lord of Lords, Thousand Years, “I am coming soon” | Lord, Kingdom of God, Christ |
| 2. The Sovereignty of God over History | Almighty, Alpha and Omega, Throne, Great White Throne | God, Glory |
| 3. Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution | Tribulation, Perseverance/Endurance, Overcome/Conquer, Witness/Testimony/Martyr, Cowardly | Faith, Saints |
| 4. Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints | Judgment, Book of Life, Lake of Fire, Second Death, Wrath | Sin, Righteousness, Salvation |
| 5. The New Heaven and New Earth | New Heaven and New Earth, New Jerusalem, Sea (symbolic), Tabernacle/Dwell, Tree of Life, Curse | Salvation, Glory |
| 6. The Church as Bride of Christ | Bride, Marriage Supper of the Lamb | Church |
| 7. Worship of the Lamb | Lamb, Worthy, Worship/Latreuō, Incense, Elders, Living Creatures | Holy, Saints |
| 8. Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation | 144,000, 666/Number of the Beast, Beast, Dragon, Mystery, Babylon, Seal/Trumpet/Bowl sequence | (framework doctrine; draws on nearly all New terms) |
| 9. Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil | Overcome/Conquer, First Resurrection, Dragon (defeated), Reward, “Come, Lord Jesus” | Salvation, Grace |
Section D — Full-Book Coverage Confirmation
All 22 chapters of Revelation contributed at least one term to this glossary (Section B), and every chapter’s baseline-term reuse is recorded in Section A. No chapter required a “no new vocabulary” notation, as every chapter of Revelation’s dense apocalyptic-symbolic register introduces at least one load-bearing term requiring translation-risk analysis; where a chapter’s apparatus primarily extends an earlier chapter’s structure (e.g., ch. 9 extending ch. 8’s trumpets; ch. 16 extending ch. 15’s bowls; ch. 18 extending ch. 17’s Babylon), this is explicitly noted in 07_semantic_analysis.md rather than treated as a separate independent term set.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: 神
Transliteration: Kami
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 八百万の神の一柱としての神, 神様
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: this is the single highest-risk term in the Japanese package. 神 (kami) is the generic Japanese word for the countless Shinto deities and spirits. This package retains 神 as the settled Bible-translation choice but REQUIRES persistent qualifying language at first occurrence and in doctrinally weighty passages: 唯一のまことの神. Revelation context: risk peaks in the throne-room worship scenes (ch. 4-5, 7, 19, 21-22); qualify with 唯一のまことの神 in every key doctrinal throne-room statement so the scene is not read as one deity being honored among the heavenly host.
Jesus
Approved rendering: イエス
Transliteration: Iesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ゼズス
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] イエス is the modern Protestant/ecumenical standard. NEVER ゼズス (the 16th-century Kirishitan-era Portuguese-derived form), which may be referenced only for historical background. Revelation context: consistency required across chs. 1, 19, 22, the book’s climactic Christological statements.
Lord
Approved rendering: 主
Transliteration: Shu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 主君, ご主人様
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] 主君 (feudal liege-lord) may bridge loyalty-concept only with explicit qualification; avoid 主人 in the husband/master sense entirely. Revelation context: 19:16’s 王の王、主の主 (King of kings and Lord of lords) is the book’s climactic reinforcement; exclusivity must never soften toward mere feudal fealty at this culminating moment.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: 聖霊
Transliteration: Seirei
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 霊, 幽霊
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER use 霊 alone; Japan’s vivid animistic spirit-world (ancestral spirits, 幽霊, 妖怪) risks 霊 being read as one more entity among many. Revelation context: must be kept doctrinally distinct from the related but separate ‘Seven Spirits’ (七つの霊, see below), which names this same Spirit’s sevenfold fullness, not a second entity — conflating the two reopens the same risk this entry guards against.
Salvation
Approved rendering: 救い
Transliteration: sukui
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 解脱, 極楽往生
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 解脱. Use extreme care with 極楽往生 (Pure Land rebirth), a genuinely useful but non-equivalent teaching bridge. Revelation context: the doxological refrain ‘Salvation belongs to our God’ (7:10; 12:10; 19:1) compounds the Pure Land conflation risk with the added complexity of the New Heaven/New Earth doctrine, since both concern final deliverance into a renewed state of existence.
Grace
Approved rendering: 恵み
Transliteration: megumi
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: 恩返しが要る恵み, 功徳
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Must be taught as explicitly non-transactional against Japan’s on-giri (恩・義理) reciprocity system. NEVER 功徳. Revelation context: 恵み bookends the entire book (1:4; 22:21); the closing benediction must retain the baseline’s non-transactional force at this structurally weighted final position, directly reinforced by 21:6/22:17’s 価なしに (freely, see below).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: 義
Transliteration: gi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 道徳, 正義感
Original: δίκαιος / δικαιοσύνη
Category: Judgment
[Inherited from Romans package] Flag against the Bushido virtue of the same name (rectitude/moral courage, per Nitobe Inazo’s Bushido). Revelation context: in judgment passages (16:5,7; 19:2) 義 functions forensically, describing God’s righteous verdicts, not personal virtue — judgment contexts otherwise invite a moral-courage reading of the judge’s character rather than a declaration of what is objectively just.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: 神の子
Transliteration: Kami no Ko
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 現人神, 神の化身
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] CRITICAL: NEVER 現人神 (the pre-1946 living-god emperor doctrine formally renounced in Hirohito’s 1946 Ningen-sengen). Revelation context: Christ’s self-declared Sonship (2:18) authorizes his searching judgment of the churches and must never be softened toward a hereditary semi-divine office analogous to imperial lineage.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: 受肉
Transliteration: juniku
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: 化身, 権化
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 化身 or 権化 (provisional, repeatable kami/bodhisattva manifestation per honji suijaku theology). Revelation context: 21:3’s σκηνόω (tabernacling presence) and 19:13’s ‘Word of God’ title for Christ must be taught in explicit, unbroken continuity with this doctrine, not as an unrelated new event at the end of the book.
Seven Spirits
Approved rendering: 七つの霊
Transliteration: nanatsu no rei
Doctrine: Holy Spirit and Sevenfold Fullness
Rejected alternatives: 御霊
Original: ἑπτὰ πνεύματα
Category: God
NEVER use 御霊 (mitama) — the exact term used for enshrined ancestral and kami spirits in Shinto ritual (e.g., 御霊祭). This is a symbolic representation (echoing Isaiah 11:2) of the one Holy Spirit’s complete sevenfold fullness before God’s throne, not seven distinct spirit-beings. A mandatory explanatory clause identifying this as the one Spirit’s fullness is required at every occurrence (1:4; 3:1; 4:5; 5:6).
Word Of God Title
Approved rendering: 神の言
Transliteration: Kami no kotoba
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 化身としての「言葉」
Original: ὁ λόγος τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
A title for Christ at his return (19:13), directly continuous with John 1:1, 14’s Incarnation theology. Must be taught in explicit continuity with 受肉 (Incarnation), not as an unrelated new title; any framing that treats ‘the Word’ as a poetic name detached from the eternal Son permanently taking human nature reopens the forbidden 化身/権化 risk.
Second Death
Approved rendering: 第二の死
Transliteration: dai-ni no shi
Doctrine: Hell and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: 輪廻の一段階としての死
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment
The final, definitive, unrepeatable state of judgment following bodily resurrection (2:11; 20:6, 14; 21:8). Directly extends the baseline’s forbidden-substitution rule for Resurrection (never 輪廻転生); ‘second’ must never be allowed to suggest a repeatable death-and-return cycle.
Lake Of Fire
Approved rendering: 火の池
Transliteration: hi no ike
Doctrine: Hell and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: 地獄（じごく、単独では仏教的な循環・業消滅の枠組みを持ち込むため使用しない）
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment
The final place of judgment (19:20; 20:10, 14-15; 21:8). Japanese Buddhist jigoku (地獄) cosmology, with its judge of the dead (閻魔, Enma), is a double-edged resource: useful for signaling judgment’s seriousness, but its temporary, karma-resolving, rebirth-following logic is directly contrary to this text’s final, unending, non-cyclical judgment. Must never be taught without this explicit contrast.
New Heaven And New Earth
Approved rendering: 新しい天と新しい地
Transliteration: atarashii ten to atarashii chi
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: 極楽, 極楽往生としての新創造
Original: καινὸς οὐρανὸς καὶ καινὴ γῆ
Category: Eschatology
The single highest-stakes term in the core passage (21:1). 新しい alone cannot distinguish ‘qualitatively renewed, continuous with the first creation’ from ‘unrelated replacement paradise’; must be actively and repeatedly distinguished from 極楽 (Gokuraku, the Pure Land paradise reached via rebirth into a wholly different cosmological order).
Idolatry
Approved rendering: 偶像礼拝（者）
Transliteration: gūzō reihai(-sha)
Doctrine: Exclusive Worship versus Idolatry
Rejected alternatives: 先祖供養と同一視する説明
Original: εἰδωλολατρία / εἰδωλολάτρης
Category: Sin
Worship rivaling or replacing exclusive devotion to God (9:20; 13:14-15; 21:8; 22:15). Family butsudan (household Buddhist altars) and ancestor-memorial ritual are near-universal even among secular Japanese households; requires careful, respectful distinction between rival worship and family piety — a heavy-handed, unqualified application risks alienating readers by implicitly condemning family devotion rather than addressing the text’s actual target.
Freely Gift
Approved rendering: 価なしに
Transliteration: atai nashi ni
Doctrine: Grace and Unmerited Salvation, Consummated
Rejected alternatives: 対価が発生する表現, 恩返しを前提とする言い回し
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation
Salvation offered without cost or payment (21:6; 22:17). This is the single most direct textual link in Revelation to the baseline’s Critical on-giri/恩義理 warning already established for 恵み; any rendering heard as ‘in exchange for something,’ or that fails to underscore ‘no payment required, ever,’ reopens the exact reciprocal-obligation risk the baseline flags for Romans 3-4 and 11:5-6, now applied to salvation’s consummation.
High Risk Terms
Messiah
Approved rendering: キリスト
Transliteration: Kirisuto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: 救世主
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] キリスト is standard so that ‘Christianity’ itself is キリスト教; risk is biblical illiteracy (secular readers know it only as a foreign cultural brand), not syncretism. Revelation context: 11:15’s ‘kingdom…of his Christ’ ties this title directly to the Return and Reign of Christ doctrine and requires the same heavy explanatory teaching as the baseline’s Messianic Promise entry.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: 復活
Transliteration: fukkatsu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 輪廻転生, カムバック
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 輪廻転生 (reincarnation). 復活 is also heavily used in secular Japanese for pop-culture ‘comebacks,’ rhetorically deflating its weight. Revelation context: 20:5-6’s ‘first resurrection’ compounds this dilution risk with added technical complexity requiring active doctrinal restoration at every occurrence.
Faith
Approved rendering: 信仰
Transliteration: shinkou
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: 信心, 宗教心
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package] Distinguish from generic 宗教心 common in Japan’s syncretistic shrine-and-temple practice. Revelation context: ‘Keep the faith of Jesus’ under persecution (14:12) directly serves Doctrine 3 (Perseverance); the distinction must be maintained under the added pressure of the text’s persecution setting rather than Romans’ didactic-argument setting.
Saints
Approved rendering: 聖徒
Transliteration: seito
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: 聖者, 菩薩
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 菩薩 or 聖者; 聖徒 applies corporately to all ordinary believers. Revelation context: frequency across chs. 5, 8, 11, 13-14, 16-19 intensifies the baseline caution — repeated pairing with martyrdom could otherwise suggest an elevated, ascetic-achiever class rather than the corporate, ordinary-believer sense.
Sin
Approved rendering: 罪
Transliteration: tsumi
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: 恥, 迷惑をかけること
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package] Reinforce guilt-before-God framing over shame/迷惑. Revelation context: ‘her sins are heaped high’ (18:5) applies the term to systemic, corporate, world-power-level sin (Babylon) rather than only individual sin, requiring the same guilt-before-a-personal-God framing at the collective scale.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: 神の国
Transliteration: Kami no Kuni
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: 神国日本
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package] This exact phrase was the slogan of pre-1945 State Shinto ultranationalist ideology (神国日本); teaching must clearly anchor 神の国 to its doctrinal sense. Revelation context: 11:15’s triumphant declaration (‘the kingdom of the world has become the kingdom of our Lord’) is a primary Doctrine 1/2 text whose politically-charged rhetoric makes this anchoring even more essential than in Romans.
Gospel
Approved rendering: 福音
Transliteration: fukuin
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: いい知らせ, グッドニュース
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package] Main risk is blankness — most secular readers have zero prior exposure. Revelation context: appears in its ‘eternal gospel’ form (14:6), compounding baseline blankness with an unfamiliar judgment-framed proclamation; see the new term eternal_gospel below for the added complexity.
Called
Approved rendering: 召された
Transliteration: mesareta
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: 運命づけられた, 天職
[Inherited from Romans package] Avoid 運命づけられた (impersonal fate) and use 天職 only with caution. Revelation context: less lexically frequent than in Romans but doctrinally present in the overcomer/inheritance theme of 21:7, where the believer’s sonship is a personal, relational summons secured by God, not fate.
Calling
Approved rendering: 召し
Transliteration: meshi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: 運命, 天職
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 運命 alone. Revelation context: underlies the effectual-calling logic of the overcomer promises structuring chs. 2-3 and culminating in 21:7’s inheritance promise.
Providence
Approved rendering: 摂理
Transliteration: setsuri
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: 運命, 宿命
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 運命 or 宿命. Revelation context: underlies the Sovereignty of God over History doctrine’s throne-room vision (chs. 4-5, 21:6, 22:13); God’s personal, purposive governance must be distinguished from impersonal fate at every occurrence of the book’s throne imagery.
Covenant
Approved rendering: 契約
Transliteration: keiyaku
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] 契約 defaults to the everyday commercial-contract sense in modern Japanese. Revelation context: the Davidic and twelve-tribe imagery running throughout the book (chs. 3, 5, 7, 21-22) requires active restoration of the relational, promise-fulfilling sense at every occurrence.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: ダビデの子孫
Transliteration: Dabide no shison
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment. Revelation context: distinct from, but closely related to, the new term root_of_david (5:5; 22:16), which identifies Christ as both David’s ancestor and descendant — teach the two titles together.
Throne
Approved rendering: 御座
Transliteration: goza
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: 高御座（たかみくら、日本の皇位継承儀式に用いられる皇室の御座そのものの固有名なので使用しない）
Original: θρόνος
Category: God
御座 remains the settled rendering with no viable alternative, but 高御座 (Takamikura) is the actual proper name of the Japanese Imperial Throne used at enthronement ceremonies. Every doctrinally weighty occurrence (chs. 4-5, 20-21) must be paired with explicit teaching that this is the one Creator’s reign over all history, not an echo of Japan’s imperial institution.
Great White Throne
Approved rendering: 大きな白い御座
Transliteration: ōkina shiroi goza
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: θρόνος λευκὸς μέγας
Category: God
Rev 20:11-15’s final judgment throne. Carries the same Takamikura-adjacent caution as ‘throne’ above, intensified by the judicial context: God’s final, unrivaled judicial authority must not register as an echo of any earthly monarchic ceremony.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: 明けの明星
Transliteration: ake no myōjō
Doctrine: Deity and Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 悟りの象徴としての明星
Original: ἀστὴρ πρωϊνός
Category: Christology
Christ’s self-designation (2:28; 22:16), evoking Numbers 24:17’s messianic star. In Japanese Buddhist tradition, Shakyamuni’s enlightenment is traditionally narrated as occurring at the sight of the morning star (明星); must not be assimilated to an enlightenment-through-practice (修行) narrative, which would reopen the baseline’s earned-attainment caution flagged for 悟り under Salvation/Justification.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: 王の王、主の主
Transliteration: ō no ō, shu no shu
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology
Christ’s climactic title at his return (19:16). Because Japan’s monarch bears the title 天皇, not 王, the direct imperial-institution collision is lower than for 神の国, but the title’s totalizing, exclusive-of-all-rivals force must not be softened toward mere primus-inter-pares kingship; teach alongside, not as a replacement for, the baseline’s Lordship of Christ entry.
First Resurrection
Approved rendering: 最初の復活
Transliteration: saisho no fukkatsu
Doctrine: Resurrection and Bodily Hope
Original: πρώτη ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
The resurrection of the redeemed prior to final judgment (20:5-6). ‘First’ must be understood as a sequence within one unrepeatable resurrection event, never a stage within a repeatable cycle, reinforcing the baseline’s strict prohibition on any 輪廻転生-adjacent framing of resurrection language.
Curse
Approved rendering: 呪い
Transliteration: noroi
Doctrine: Tree of Life and Removal of the Curse
Rejected alternatives: 丑の刻参り的な呪術返しの解除としての説明
Original: κατάρα
Category: Eschatology
The judicial consequence of Genesis 3’s sin, finally removed (22:3). 呪い is heavily associated with Japanese folk curse-rituals (丑の刻参り) and vengeful-spirit horror tropes (怨霊); ‘no more curse’ must be taught as removal of sin’s judicial consequence, not deactivation of a folk-magic hex.
Tabernacle Dwell
Approved rendering: 幕屋／共に住む
Transliteration: makuya / tomo ni sumu
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: σκηνή / σκηνόω
Category: Eschatology
God’s incarnational, permanent, unmediated presence among his people (7:15; 21:3), echoing John 1:14 and the wilderness Tabernacle. Must be linked explicitly to 受肉 (Incarnation) so learners see 21:3 as the culmination of the same divine self-giving begun at the Incarnation, not an unrelated event.
Sea Symbolic
Approved rendering: 海
Transliteration: umi
Doctrine: New Heaven and New Earth
Original: θάλασσα
Category: Eschatology
In 21:1, the sea symbolizes primordial chaos and the beast’s origin-point (13:1), finally removed. Japan is an island nation with deep sea-religious (Ryūjin/Watatsumi), economic (fishing-village), and traumatic (2011 Tōhoku tsunami) ties to the sea; a literal reading of ‘no more sea’ risks bewilderment or insensitivity rather than the intended symbolic removal of chaos and threat. Requires explicit trauma-aware, symbolic-register framing before any literal reading forms.
Reward
Approved rendering: 報い
Transliteration: mukui
Doctrine: Reward according to Grace, not Merit
Rejected alternatives: 因果的な報酬としての説明
Original: μισθός
Category: Salvation
Christ’s recompense at his return (22:12). 報い carries a strong cause-and-effect connotation resonant with Buddhist 因果 (inga, karmic retribution); reward must be taught as the fulfillment of a grace-given promise, not a karmic payout mechanically earned, consistent with the baseline’s on-giri caution.
Perseverance Endurance
Approved rendering: 忍耐
Transliteration: nintai
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Faith
Patient, hope-anchored endurance under trial, structuring the seven letters and the whole book (1:9; 2:2-3, 19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12). Japan’s prized 我慢 (gaman, stoic, self-reliant, honor-based endurance) is a close linguistic neighbor but must be distinguished — biblical endurance is hope-anchored in Christ’s certain return, not sheer willpower or face-preservation.
Overcome
Approved rendering: 勝利を得る
Transliteration: shōri o eru
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: 文脈のない単純な「勝つ」
Original: νικάω
Category: Faith
To conquer/prevail through faithfulness under trial (νικάω), structuring every letter to the seven churches and 21:7’s inheritance promise. 勝つ／勝利 is completely ordinary Japanese vocabulary for exam/sports/business winning; Japan’s intensely competitive achievement culture risks flattening ‘overcoming’ into a merit-earned success story rather than Spirit-sustained faithfulness God himself grants and rewards by grace.
Witness Martyr
Approved rendering: 証し／証人／殉教者
Transliteration: shōshi / shōnin / junkyōsha
Doctrine: Martyrdom and the Cost of Faithful Testimony
Original: μαρτυρία / μάρτυς
Category: Faith
Faithful testimony maintained to the point of death (1:9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:7; 12:11; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4). 証人 alone risks narrowing to a bare courtroom-witness sense; conversely, Japan’s own Kirishitan martyr history (26 Martyrs of Nagasaki, 1597) gives 殉教者 genuine positive resonance, which should be actively used while teaching it as one historical instance of the pattern, not its entirety.
Cowardly
Approved rendering: 恐れる者／臆病な者
Transliteration: osoreru mono / okubyō na mono
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλός
Category: Faith
Those who abandon faithful witness out of fear (21:8), the negative counterpart to the overcomer. Japan’s Bushido-derived honor culture treats cowardice (卑怯, hikyō) as severe shame — a useful bridge, but must be taught as covenant unfaithfulness/faith failure rooted in a lack of trust in God, not merely a courage or social-face failure.
Bride
Approved rendering: 花嫁
Transliteration: hanayome
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church
The redeemed people of God in consummated covenant union with Christ (19:7; 21:2, 9), drawing on OT marriage-covenant imagery (Hosea, Isaiah 62). 花嫁 is saturated with modern Japan’s Western-style wedding-chapel industry (chosen for aesthetics, not belief) — the same dilution pattern the baseline flags for キリスト as a cultural brand. Teaching must actively restore the covenantal weight; the word alone does not carry it.
Marriage Supper Of The Lamb
Approved rendering: 子羊の婚宴
Transliteration: kohitsuji no kon’en
Doctrine: Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church
The covenantal consummation of redemptive history, celebrated as a wedding banquet (19:9). Direct extension of the bridal-dilution risk above, intensified by the visual appeal of a banquet scene without covenantal teaching.
Worship Latreuo
Approved rendering: 礼拝する／仕える
Transliteration: reihai suru / tsukaeru
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω / λατρεύω
Category: Worship
Reverent bowing and cultic service directed exclusively to God and the Lamb (chs. 4-5, 7, 19, 22). 礼拝 is generic cross-religious vocabulary used equally in Japanese media for Islamic prayer and Buddhist/Shinto devotion. The exclusivity of worship directed to the Lamb alone — including the angel’s explicit refusal of John’s worship (19:10; 22:9) — must be actively taught, not assumed from the vocabulary.
Incense
Approved rendering: 香
Transliteration: kō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: θυμίαμα
Category: Worship
A symbol for the prayers of the saints rising to God (5:8; 8:3-4), echoing Psalm 141:2. Incense (お香) in Japan is overwhelmingly associated with Buddhist household-altar (butsudan) ritual and funeral rites; must be anchored explicitly to prayer reaching God, not ancestor-memorial ritual.
Wrath
Approved rendering: 怒り
Transliteration: ikari
Doctrine: Divine Wrath and Justice
Rejected alternatives: 祟りとして説明する用法
Original: ὀργή / θυμός
Category: Judgment
God’s/the Lamb’s righteous judicial response to sin (6:16-17; 14:10, 19; 15-16; 19:15). In Japanese folk religion, an angry deity or spirit (祟り, tatari) typically requires ritual appeasement; biblical wrath is a righteous judicial response, not a capricious offended-spirit anger requiring propitiatory ritual — this distinction must be actively taught.
Image Of The Beast
Approved rendering: 獣の像
Transliteration: kemono no zō
Doctrine: Exclusive Worship versus Idolatry
Original: ἡ εἰκὼν τοῦ θηρίου
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
An image demanding worship on the beast’s behalf (13:14-15; 14:9, 11; 15:2; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4). Requires the same careful, respectful distinction from Japan’s image-veneration practices (butsuzō) as the Idolatry entry above; the text’s target is worship rivaling God, not devotional images generically.
Dragon
Approved rendering: 竜／龍
Transliteration: ryū
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Opposition
Original: δράκων
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The primary symbol for Satan (12:3, 7, 9; 13:2, 4; 16:13; 20:2). Japanese dragons (龍神, ryūjin water deities) are typically benevolent or ambivalent guardian figures tied to Shinto shrine iconography — near-opposite valence from Revelation’s wholly malevolent dragon. Requires strong explicit contextual framing at every occurrence regardless of kanji choice (竜 vs. 龍); no viable alternative kanji resolves the underlying cultural-association risk.
Babylon The Great
Approved rendering: 大バビロン
Transliteration: Dai Babiron
Doctrine: Babylon and Worldly Power Opposed to God
Rejected alternatives: 特定の現代国家として同一視する解説
Original: Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
A transhistorical symbol for every world system opposed to God, drawing on historical Babylon (14:8; 16:19; chs. 17-18). Requires substantial OT background to avoid either (a) a purely ancient-historical reading with no present relevance, or (b) an invitation to identify one specific contemporary nation — both undercut the Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation doctrine.
Harlot
Approved rendering: 大淫婦
Transliteration: dai-inpu
Doctrine: Babylon and Worldly Power Opposed to God
Rejected alternatives: 文字通りの女性や性労働者への言及としての解釈
Original: ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
A symbolic figure for corrupt, idolatrous political-economic power (17:1-6), in the OT prophetic marriage-unfaithfulness tradition (Hosea, Ezekiel 16, 23). Requires careful register and explicit symbolic framing to avoid both misplaced offense and misapplication as literal commentary on women.
Abyss
Approved rendering: 底知れぬ穴
Transliteration: soko shirenu ana
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Opposition
Rejected alternatives: 奈落（ならく、仏教の奈落／地獄の一部を指す語なので使用しない）
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
The place of demonic confinement (9:1-2, 11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1, 3). AVOID 奈落, borrowed from Buddhist Naraka hell-realm cosmology (and secondarily Japanese theater’s trapdoor terminology) — this would import an alien cosmological framework rather than naming the specific place of demonic confinement Revelation describes.
Hades
Approved rendering: ハデス
Transliteration: Hadesu
Doctrine: Hell and Eternal Punishment
Rejected alternatives: 黄泉（よみ、日本の古事記神話の固有の冥界なので使用しない）
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Eschatology
The place of the dead, personified with Death, ultimately emptied and cast into the lake of fire (1:18; 6:8; 20:13-14). NEVER 黄泉 (Yomi, ruled by Izanami/visited by Izanagi in the Kojiki) — this would import a specific indigenous mythological cosmology. Retain the transliteration and fill the resulting blank slot through direct teaching.
White Robes
Approved rendering: 白い衣
Transliteration: shiroi koromo
Doctrine: Sanctification and Purity of the Saints
Original: στολαὶ λευκαί
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Garments symbolizing purity, victory, and heavenly joy (6:11; 7:9, 13-14; 19:8). VALENCE-FLIP RISK: white in traditional Japanese culture is strongly associated with funerals and mourning, the reverse of the intended purity/victory/joy sense. Requires explicit positive-valence teaching at every occurrence.
Medium Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: 父
Transliteration: chichi
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 家長
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] Japan’s ‘absent salaryman father’ trope means many readers have a culturally weak or distant father-figure association; build relational intimacy actively. Revelation context: 1:6 (‘his God and Father’) and 21:7’s inheritance/sonship promise to the overcomer carry no new collision risk beyond the baseline’s existing caution.
Church
Approved rendering: 教会
Transliteration: kyoukai
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: 寺, 神社
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] NEVER 寺 or 神社. Revelation context: the seven churches (chs. 1-3) and 22’s closing address carry no new collision risk beyond the baseline’s existing caution.
Holy
Approved rendering: 聖い
Transliteration: kiyoi
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 清らか, 穢れがない
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Distinguish from Shinto ritual purity (kegare-focused purification). Revelation context: the trisagion’s threefold repetition (4:8, ‘Holy, holy, holy’) intensifies rather than merely repeats the sense; the holy city (21:2) extends the term corporately to the whole redeemed community’s dwelling place.
David
Approved rendering: ダビデ
Transliteration: Dabide
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Standard Shinkaiyaku proper name form. Revelation context: ‘Key of David’ (3:7), ‘Root of David’ (5:5), and ‘root and descendant of David’ (22:16) all reinforce this doctrine; see also the new term root_of_david below.
Israel
Approved rendering: イスラエル
Transliteration: Isuraeru
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Established proper-name form. Revelation context: the 144,000 ‘of all the tribes of Israel’ (7:4) and the twelve gates named for the twelve tribes (21:12) extend this doctrine into the consummated new creation.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: 異邦人
Transliteration: ihoujin
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: 外人
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Avoid casual 外人 (reinforces uchi-soto insider/outsider framing). Revelation context: ‘nations will walk by its light’ (21:24, 26) extends the Jew-Gentile unity doctrine into the new creation, where nations are welcomed rather than excluded; may also be rendered 諸国の民 in nations-focused contexts per the core glossary.
Glory
Approved rendering: 栄光
Transliteration: eikou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 名誉
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package] Avoid collapsing into 名誉 (secular honor). Revelation context: frequent in throne-room worship (chs. 1, 4-5, 7); 21:23’s glory-as-literal-illumination is a vivid image with no secular parallel and risks under-explanation rather than collision.
Adoption
Approved rendering: 子とされること
Transliteration: ko to sareru koto
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 養子縁組
[Inherited from Romans package] Japan’s established adult-heir adoption practice (養子縁組) is a helpful cultural bridge for full inheritance rights. Revelation context: 21:7’s inheritance promise to the overcomer (‘I will be their God and they will be my son’) is directly continuous with this doctrine and should be actively cross-referenced in teaching.
Mission
Approved rendering: 宣教
Transliteration: senkyou
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: 布教
[Inherited from Romans package] Carries the historical weight of the Kirishitan persecution and sakoku seclusion. Revelation context: 21:24-26 and 22:2’s welcome of the nations into the New Jerusalem’s light extends this doctrine into a hope-filled consummation rather than a present missionary struggle.
Election
Approved rendering: 選び
Transliteration: erabi
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: 合格, 選抜
[Inherited from Romans package] Avoid Japan’s competitive exam/hiring 選抜 framing. Revelation context: directly underlies the caution attached to the new term ‘overcome’ (勝利を得る) below — final victory must be taught as God’s own sovereign, secured act, not a merit-earned competitive outcome.
Almighty
Approved rendering: 全能者
Transliteration: zennousha
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: παντοκράτωρ
Category: God
Established formal theological title (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7, 14; 19:6, 15; 21:22). Low collision risk; the primary risk is biblical-illiteracy (unfamiliar formal register), not a competing wrong meaning.
Alpha And Omega
Approved rendering: アルファとオメガ／初めと終わり
Transliteration: Arufa to Omega / hajime to owari
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ / ἀρχὴ καὶ τέλος
Category: God
God’s/Christ’s title as beginning and end of history (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Transliterated Greek letters carry zero native semantic content for Japanese readers; requires explicit first-use explanation that these are the first/last letters of the Greek alphabet before the theological force (total sovereignty over history) can land.
Root Of David
Approved rendering: ダビデのひこばえ／根
Transliteration: Dabide no hikobae / ne
Doctrine: Covenant Continuity with Israel
Original: ῥίζα Δαυίδ
Category: Christology
A messianic title (5:5; 22:16) identifying Christ as both David’s ancestor and descendant, paired in 5:5 with ‘the Lion of the tribe of Judah.’ Requires the same OT covenant-background teaching as the baseline’s ダビデの子孫, since biblically illiterate readers have no framework for royal-lineage typology without it.
Lamb
Approved rendering: 子羊
Transliteration: kohitsuji
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἀρνίον
Category: Christology
The central Christological title of Revelation (Ἀρνίον, diminutive ‘little lamb’): the slain-yet-victorious Lamb, worthy of worship (chs. 5-7, 12-15, 17, 19, 21-22). Primary risk is blankness, not collision — Japan has no shepherd/lamb-raising cultural tradition, so the ‘Lion announced, Lamb appears’ paradox central to ch. 5 requires active explanation.
New Jerusalem
Approved rendering: 新しいエルサレム／聖なる都
Transliteration: atarashii Erusaremu / seinaru miyako
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as Covenant Fulfillment
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή / ἡ πόλις ἡ ἁγία
Category: Eschatology
The consummated dwelling place of God’s redeemed people (21:2, 9-27). Requires the same OT covenant background the baseline flags for ‘seed of David’; without it, readers process this as a generic fantastical city rather than covenant-promise fulfillment.
Thousand Years
Approved rendering: 千年
Transliteration: sennen
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and Final Rebellion
Original: χίλια ἔτη
Category: Eschatology
Rev 20:1-7. Must be a plain numeric translation that does not silently embed any specific millennial-interpretive stance (literal or symbolic) not present in the source text; the interpretive question is theological, not linguistic.
Gog And Magog
Approved rendering: ゴグとマゴグ
Transliteration: Gogu to Magogu
Doctrine: Millennial Reign and Final Rebellion
Original: Γὼγ καὶ Μαγώγ
Category: Eschatology
The final rebellion at the end of the thousand years (20:7-8), drawn from Ezekiel 38-39. Requires that OT background to be understood as a symbol of final, futile opposition rather than an unfamiliar proper-noun puzzle.
Judgment
Approved rendering: 裁き
Transliteration: sabaki
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked
Original: κρίσις
Category: Judgment
God’s righteous evaluation and verdict, especially at the great white throne (20:11-13). Primary risk is under-teaching its judicial, personal-God-administered character rather than any specific competing Japanese concept.
Book Of Life
Approved rendering: 命の書
Transliteration: inochi no sho
Doctrine: Reward according to Grace, not Merit
Rejected alternatives: 功績の記録簿としての説明
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment
The record of those who belong to God (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12, 15; 21:27). Must avoid any framing suggesting a meritorious ledger of accumulated good deeds, which would reopen the baseline’s Critical caution against earned-righteousness/修行 framing under Justification; inclusion is by grace.
Tree Of Life
Approved rendering: 命の木
Transliteration: inochi no ki
Doctrine: Tree of Life and Removal of the Curse
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology
The tree granting eternal-life access in the new creation (2:7; 22:2, 14, 19), reversing Genesis 3’s exclusion from Eden. Japan’s sacred-tree tradition (神木) offers a partial bridge but risks being read as an animate tree-spirit (木霊); must be explicitly distinguished from indwelling tree-kami belief.
Coming Soon
Approved rendering: すぐに来る
Transliteration: sugu ni kuru
Doctrine: Prophetic Imminence of Christ’s Return
Original: ἔρχομαι ταχύ
Category: Eschatology
Christ’s repeated promise of imminent return (22:7, 12, 20). Requires teaching on prophetic imminence (certain and near from God’s redemptive-historical vantage) rather than a falsifiable calendar prediction, given nearly two millennia elapsed.
Eternal Gospel
Approved rendering: 永遠の福音
Transliteration: eien no fukuin
Doctrine: Gospel Proclamation within a Judgment Framework
Original: εὐαγγέλιον αἰώνιον
Category: Salvation
The gospel proclaimed by the flying angel in judgment terms (14:6-7). Compounds the baseline’s 福音 blankness risk with an unfamiliar judgment-framed presentation; teach as one aspect of the single gospel already established, not a second, different message.
Tribulation
Approved rendering: 苦難
Transliteration: kunan
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Faith
Affliction endured for faithful witness (1:9; 2:9-10; 7:14). Must be tied to persecution-for-faith specifically, not generic hardship; risk is imprecision of scope, not a competing Japanese religious concept.
Elders
Approved rendering: 長老
Transliteration: chōrō
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church
The twenty-four elders surrounding God’s throne (4:4, 10; 5:8; 11:16; 14:3; 19:4). 長老 is also an ordinary word for a respected village/company senior; mild flattening risk toward a generic ‘council of respected elders’ rather than a specific heavenly worship-order.
Living Creatures
Approved rendering: 生き物
Transliteration: ikimono
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ζῷα
Category: Church
The four creatures surrounding God’s throne (4:6-9; 5:8-14; 6:1-7; 14:3; 15:7; 19:4), drawing on Ezekiel 1’s cherubim imagery. Primary risk is blankness — readers will picture ordinary animals without supplied Ezekiel background.
Temple Of God Symbolic
Approved rendering: 神の神殿
Transliteration: Kami no shinden
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ὁ ναὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Church
A symbol for God’s people/presence (11:1-2, 19), contrasted with 21:22’s fulfilled presence that makes a literal temple unnecessary. Requires explicit linkage between the two so readers do not conclude corporate worship becomes unnecessary.
Beast
Approved rendering: 獣
Transliteration: kemono
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: θηρίον
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
A symbol for oppressive imperial/political power opposed to God, drawing on Daniel 7 (chs. 11, 13-17, 19-20). Japan’s massive tokusatsu/kaijū pop-culture tradition (怪獣, Godzilla and successors) risks flattening 獣 into a generic movie-monster trope; teaching must actively restore doctrinal weight, parallel to the baseline’s 復活 dilution caution.
Mark Of The Beast
Approved rendering: 刻印
Transliteration: kokuin
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
A mark of ownership/allegiance to the beast (13:16-17; 14:9-11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4), contrasted with God’s seal (7:3-8). Primary risk is a globally common one (over-literalizing into modern-technology conspiracy readings); anchor to its ownership/allegiance function.
Number 666
Approved rendering: 獣の数字、六百六十六
Transliteration: kemono no sūji, rokuhyaku-rokujū-roku
Doctrine: Numerology and Symbolic Numbers
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, χξς
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
The symbolic number of the beast (13:18), very likely gematria for a specific historical figure. Japan’s number-superstition culture (4/死, 9/苦) primes readers toward omen-reading rather than theological-symbol reading; must be taught within its gematria-symbol function, not invited into speculative code-breaking.
Ancient Serpent
Approved rendering: 古い蛇
Transliteration: furui hebi
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Opposition
Original: ὁ ὄφις ὁ ἀρχαῖος
Category: Spiritual Warfare
A title identifying the dragon/Satan as the tempter of Genesis 3 (12:9; 20:2). Japan’s own Yamata no Orochi myth (destructive) offers a bridge, but benevolent serpent-deities (e.g., Ugajin) also exist, so the cultural association is mixed and must not be assumed to resolve on its own.
Sorcerer
Approved rendering: 魔術を行う者
Transliteration: majutsu o okonau mono
Doctrine: Exclusive Worship versus Idolatry
Original: φάρμακος
Category: Sin
One who practices magic bound to idolatry, excluded from the New Jerusalem (9:21; 21:8; 22:15). Must be distinguished from Japan’s historic onmyōdō divination tradition and from modern entertainment 占い; this is judged occult practice bound to idolatry, not harmless entertainment.
Apokalypsis
Approved rendering: 黙示
Transliteration: mokushi
Doctrine: Inspiration and Prophetic Authority
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
The book’s self-designation: an unveiling of realities otherwise hidden (1:1). Distinguish from the broader systematic-theology term 啓示 (keiji); also correct the common secular assumption (reinforced by English ‘apocalypse’ = disaster) that ‘apocalyptic’ means merely catastrophic.
Mystery
Approved rendering: 奥義
Transliteration: ōgi
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
A hidden divine truth now disclosed (1:20; 10:7; 17:5, 7). 奥義 also denotes a ‘secret technique’ in martial arts and gaming/anime special-move vocabulary — a dilution risk parallel to the baseline’s 復活/’comeback’ pattern; either 奥義 or the less pop-culture-saturated 神秘 requires active restoration of theological weight.
Num 144000
Approved rendering: 十四万四千人
Transliteration: jūyonman-yonsen-nin
Doctrine: Numerology and Symbolic Numbers
Original: ἑκατὸν τεσσεράκοντα τέσσαρες χιλιάδες
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
The sealed servants of God from the twelve tribes (7:4-8; 14:1, 3), structurally 12 x 12,000, symbolizing covenant-people completeness. Teaching must frame the number’s structure explicitly rather than treat it as a literal census or numerological puzzle — a risk sharpened by Japan’s own number-superstition culture (4/死, 9/苦).
Seal
Approved rendering: 封印
Transliteration: fūin
Doctrine: Sealing and Ownership of God’s People
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Both the seals fastening the scroll (chs. 5-6, 8) and the protective marking of God’s servants (7:3-8), contrasted with the beast’s mark (ch. 13). Standard vocabulary; primary risk is biblical illiteracy regarding ancient sealing/authentication practice.
Four Horsemen
Approved rendering: 馬（白・赤・黒・青白）
Transliteration: uma (shiro / aka / kuro / aoshiro)
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ἵππος λευκός / πυρρός / μέλας / χλωρός
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
Symbolic agents of conquest, war, famine, and death released at the first four seals (6:1-8). Requires strong framing as symbolic (not literal-cavalry) per the Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation doctrine.
Armageddon
Approved rendering: ハルマゲドン
Transliteration: Harumagedon
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Apocalyptic Symbolism
The symbolic site of the final gathering of opposition to God (16:16). Already a pop-culture-saturated term in Japanese media (anime, tokusatsu, video games, used generically for ‘apocalyptic showdown’), risking the same rhetorical-deflation pattern flagged for 復活; must restore its specific textual meaning.
Rod Of Iron
Approved rendering: 鉄の杖
Transliteration: tetsu no tsue
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
Original: ῥάβδος σιδηρᾶ
Category: Christology
The symbol of Christ’s absolute, just rule (2:27; 12:5; 19:15), drawing on Psalm 2’s messianic kingship. Must be read as just, absolute rule flowing from Christ’s righteous authority, not brutal tyranny.
Twelve Gates Foundations
Approved rendering: 十二の門／十二の土台
Transliteration: jūni no mon / jūni no dodai
Doctrine: New Jerusalem as Covenant Fulfillment
Original: πυλῶνες δώδεκα / θεμέλιοι δώδεκα
Category: Covenant
The twelve gates (named for Israel’s twelve tribes) and twelve foundations (named for the twelve apostles) of the New Jerusalem (21:12-14). Requires OT and Gospel background (twelve-tribes/twelve-apostles typology) to avoid being read as arbitrary architectural detail; these are theological symbols of covenant-completeness, not literal blueprint data.
Come Lord Jesus
Approved rendering: 主イエスよ、来てください
Transliteration: Shu Iesu yo, kite kudasai
Doctrine: Return and Reign of Christ
The believer’s longing response to the promise of Christ’s return (22:20). Reuses the baseline’s 主/Lord entry; low-medium risk, mainly biblical-illiteracy (Japan’s readers have no cultural precedent for this genre of eschatological longing).
It Is Done
Approved rendering: 事は成った
Transliteration: koto wa natta
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God over History
Γέγοναν, ‘it is done/it has happened’ (16:17; 21:6), echoing Christ’s τετέλεσται (‘it is finished,’ John 19:30). Must be taught as continuous with the finished work of the cross, not a separate, unrelated ‘done.‘
Lords Day
Approved rendering: 主の日
Transliteration: Shu no hi
Doctrine: Lord’s Day Worship
κυριακὴ ἡμέρα (1:10). Must be distinguished from secular 日曜日 (Sunday); Japan’s overwhelmingly non-Christian work-week culture has no cultural ‘day set apart for worship’ concept to draw on, parallel to the baseline’s 福音/gospel blankness pattern.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: 使徒
Transliteration: shito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: 教祖
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package] Avoid 教祖 (post-Aum Shinrikyo negative associations). Revelation context: low risk; the twelve apostles’ names inscribed on the New Jerusalem’s foundations (21:14) is a straightforward extension.
Prophet
Approved rendering: 預言者
Transliteration: yogensha
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 予言者, 占い師
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Always verify the 預 kanji, never 予. Revelation context: sheer frequency (chs. 1, 10, 11, 16, 19, 22) structurally heightens the risk of a silent kanji swap compared to Romans, and the book’s own closing self-designation as prophecy (22:18-19) raises the stakes of any error.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: 預言
Transliteration: yogen
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 予言, 占い
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package] Same 預言/予言 homophone risk as prophet. Revelation context: the book calls itself ‘the words of this prophecy’ (1:3; 22:7, 10, 18-19); correct-kanji verification is especially consequential at the closing tampering-warning.
Worthy
Approved rendering: ふさわしい
Transliteration: fusawashii
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship
Fitting deservingness to open the scroll and receive worship (4:11; 5:2, 4, 9, 12). Low competing-concept risk; ties worthiness-to-open-the-scroll to worthiness-of-worship.
New Song
Approved rendering: 新しい歌
Transliteration: atarashii uta
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ᾆσμα καινόν
Category: Worship
The new heavenly song celebrating the Lamb’s worthiness (5:9) and redemption’s completion (14:3). Low collision risk; reinforces the qualitative-newness sense also carried by 新しい in the New Heaven/New Earth doctrine, at lower stakes.
Amen
Approved rendering: アーメン
Transliteration: aamen
Doctrine: Doxological Refrains and Liturgical Response
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Worship
A liturgical affirmation recurring throughout the book’s worship scenes and closing benediction (1:6-7; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21). Established transliteration; no new collision risk.
Hallelujah
Approved rendering: ハレルヤ
Transliteration: hareruya
Doctrine: Doxological Refrains and Liturgical Response
Original: ἁλληλουϊά
Category: Worship
A liturgical call to praise, concentrated in the heavenly celebration over Babylon’s fall (19:1-6) — the New Testament’s first and only concentration of this term, firmly establishing it for the destination-language tradition.
Sin Seal Reference Placeholder
Approved rendering: N/A
Transliteration: N/A
Doctrine: N/A
Placeholder entry intentionally omitted; see ‘seal’ below for the sealing/mark-of-ownership term.
Michael
Approved rendering: ミカエル
Transliteration: Mikaeru
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Satanic Opposition
Proper noun (12:7); established transliteration, low doctrinal-collision risk.
Coming Soon Erchomai
Approved rendering: N/A
Transliteration: N/A
Doctrine: N/A
Placeholder entry intentionally omitted; see ‘coming_soon’ above.
Blessed
Approved rendering: 幸いな
Transliteration: saiwai na
Doctrine: Doxological Refrains and Liturgical Response
Recurs as a structural refrain throughout the book (1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7, 14). Low risk; standard beatitude-style vocabulary.
Referenced passages