Core Glossary — Luke 1–24 (English → Japanese)

This glossary supplements, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. It is organized in two parts:

• Part A lists terms already fixed by the baseline Romans package that recur in Luke — these renderings are reused exactly, with a note on any Luke-specific nuance.
• Part B lists terms newly introduced by Luke’s narrative content, each risk-rated using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low scale as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json, citing first occurrence chapter and doctrine link.

All Critical and High risk terms in Part B require human theologian review before Phase 2 translation, per the baseline’s escalation rules. Medium risk terms require native speaker review. Low risk terms require automated review only.

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Part A — Baseline Terms Reused Exactly in Luke

Term (English)	Japanese (reused)	Baseline risk	Luke-specific note
God	神	Critical	Qualify with 唯一のまことの神 at doctrinally weighty first occurrences, exactly as in Romans (e.g., Luke 1:32, 1:47).
Jesus	イエス	Critical	No change.
Christ / Messiah	キリスト	Critical/High	Luke’s genealogy (3:23-38) and infancy narrative supply the OT-fulfillment background largely assumed but not narrated in Romans — an added teaching opportunity, not a translation change.
Lord	主	Critical	Luke 2:11 “Christ the Lord” and 24:34 combine with Savior/Christ titles; escalate per baseline rule.
Holy Spirit	聖霊	Critical	Never 霊 alone; Luke has the highest concentration of Holy-Spirit references of any Gospel — reinforce the baseline’s animism caution repeatedly.
grace / favor	恵み	Critical	Luke 4:19’s “year of the Lord’s favor” (主の恵みの年) and 1:28/1:30 “found favor” both reuse this root; on-giri non-transactional caution applies identically.
salvation	救い	Critical	Luke 19:9-10 gives this its narrative climax (“salvation has come to this house… to seek and save the lost”).
faith	信仰	High	Luke 7:9, 7:50, 8:25, 17:19, 18:42 all use faith/believe in healing contexts — reinforce that σῴζω’s dual healing/salvation sense (see Part B) does not weaken faith’s meaning as personal trust in Christ.
righteousness	義	Critical	Luke 18:14 (justified tax collector) and 23:47 (centurion’s confession) both require the Bushido-virtue distinguishing note.
justification	義と認められること	Critical	Luke 18:9-14 is an ideal narrative illustration; cross-reference to Romans in teaching materials.
repentance-adjacent covenant terms	契約	High	Luke 22:20’s “new covenant” intensifies the existing commercial-contract dilution risk; see Part B for the compound.
sin	罪	High	Luke’s tax-collector/sinner social vocabulary (Part B) supplements, does not replace, this abstract term.
gentiles	異邦人	Medium	Luke 2:32, 4:25-27 (Elijah/Elisha and Gentiles), 7:9 (centurion) all build toward this doctrine ahead of Romans.
glory	栄光	Medium	Luke 2:9, 2:14, 9:31-32 (Transfiguration).
peace	平安	Medium	Luke 2:14, 7:50, 19:38, 24:36 — note the collective/eschatological “peace on earth” sense in 2:14 alongside the personal sense elsewhere.
kingdom of God	神の国	High	The single most frequent doctrinal phrase in Luke (over 30 occurrences); the baseline’s State Shinto-era anchoring requirement applies at every occurrence, not only once.
apostle	使徒	Low	Luke 6:13, 9:1-6, 11:49.
resurrection	復活	High	See Part B for the Ascension, a distinct but related new term Luke alone (among Romans/Luke) narrates directly.
power of God	神の力	Medium	Luke 1:35, 4:14, 24:49.
spiritual gifts	賜物	Medium	Less prominent in Luke than in Romans; occurs implicitly in mission/sending passages (ch. 9-10).
thanksgiving	感謝	Low	Luke 17:16 (the one leper who returns to give thanks), 22:17,19.
fellowship	交わり	Low	Underlies but is distinct from the new Part B term for table fellowship specifically.
church	教会	Medium	Rare in Luke itself (the Gospel narrates the church’s founding events but the institution proper emerges in Acts); occurs implicitly, not lexically, in most of Luke.
father	父	Medium	Luke 15 (Prodigal Son) is the richest Father-warmth passage in the entire Bible for this term; apply the baseline’s warmth-compensation guidance with particular intensity.
election	選び	Medium	Underlies Luke’s “calling” language (5:1-11; 6:13) though less prominent than in Romans.
providence	摂理	High	Underlies but is not lexically present in most of Luke; most relevant to Luke 12:22-31 (anxiety) and 21:18 (not a hair of your head will perish).

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Part B — New Terms Introduced by Luke

#	Term (English)	Greek / Transliteration	Japanese rendering	Risk	First occurrence	Doctrine link	Risk notes (grounded reason)
1	Synagogue	συναγωγή / synagōgē	会堂	Medium	4:16	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Must be distinguished from 教会 (church); a Jewish worship institution, not the new covenant assembly.
2	Sabbath	σάββατον / sabbaton	安息日	Medium	4:16	Kingdom Present and Future	Risk of reduction to secular “day off” (休日); retain creation-ordinance and worship significance.
3	Scripture	γραφή / graphē	聖書	High	4:17, 21	Inspiration of Scripture	Distinguish from Buddhist sutra (経) transmission and from secular “classic literature” status.
4	Anoint	χρίω / chriō	油を注ぐ	High	4:18	Messianic Promise	Spirit-empowerment for messianic office, not mere ceremonial gesture; escalate per Messianic Promise rule.
5	Proclaim good news (verb)	εὐαγγελίζω / euangelizō	福音を伝える	Medium	4:18	Gospel	Verb form of baseline 福音; inherits its biblical-illiteracy blankness risk.
6	Poor	πτωχός / ptōchos	貧しい人	High	4:18	Good News to the Poor and Marginalized	Japan’s “all middle-class” self-image (一億総中流) and stigma toward visible poverty risk reducing this to a distant charity category rather than Jesus’ central, dignified, first-priority audience.
7	Proclaim/herald	κηρύσσω / kēryssō	告げ知らせる	Medium	4:18-19	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Retain public, authoritative, decree-like force; distinguish from private teaching.
8	Captive	αἰχμάλωτος / aichmalōtos	捕らわれ人	Medium	4:18	Good News to the Marginalized	Modern association with WWII POWs (捕虜); extend to spiritual bondage without erasing the literal sense.
9	Release / Forgiveness	ἄφεσις / aphesis	解放 (release) / 罪の赦し (forgiveness of sins) — context-dependent	Critical	4:18; 5:20; 24:47	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	One Greek word spans both senses; Japanese requires two different renderings, risking loss of Luke’s intentional conceptual link between liberation and forgiveness. Always use 赦す (moral forgiveness), never 許す (mere permission).
10	Blind	τυφλός / typhlos	目の見えない人	Medium	4:18	Good News to the Marginalized	Retain literal dignifying sense; avoid outdated/discriminatory terms; allow symbolic extension only where the narrative supports it.
11	Recovery of sight	ἀνάβλεψις / anablepsis	視力の回復	Low	4:18	Good News to the Marginalized	Concrete term, no collision.
12	Oppressed / crushed	θραύω (τεθραυσμένος) / thrausmenos	抑圧された人	Medium	4:18	Good News to the Marginalized	Balance social/political and personal/spiritual senses; Luke intends both.
13	Acceptable year of the Lord (Jubilee)	ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός / eniautos Kyriou dektos	主の恵みの年	High	4:19	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Imports the baseline’s Critical grace/on-giri caution; requires Leviticus 25 Jubilee background explanation absent from most readers’ prior knowledge.
14	Fulfill	πληρόω / plēroō	成就する	High	4:21	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Distinguish from secular 実現する (“came true,” usable for a business plan); distinguish from fortune-telling framing given the 預言/予言 homophone risk already documented in the baseline.
15	Angel	ἄγγελος / angelos	御使い	Medium	1:11	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	Japan’s contemporary “angel” pop-spirituality goods market (エンジェルカード) risks reducing this to a generic lucky-charm figure.
16	Virgin	παρθένος / parthenos	処女	High	1:27	Incarnation / Sonship of Christ	Must not be softened toward a generic “young woman”; foundational to the Virgin Birth doctrine.
17	Savior	σωτήρ / sōtēr	救い主	Critical	1:47; 2:11	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	Must never be equated with Pure Land Buddhism’s Amida Buddha or a generic pop-culture hero (ヒーロー); tariki (other-power) parallel may bridge but never substitute, per the baseline’s existing salvation caution.
18	Mercy	ἔλεος / eleos	憐れみ	Medium	1:50 et al.	Jesus’ Compassion	Distinguish from 同情 (sympathy, potentially condescending); covenant-faithful kindness from strength.
19	Manger	φάτνη / phatnē	飼い葉桶	Low	2:7	Incarnation	Concrete term, no collision.
20	Shepherd	ποιμήν / poimēn	羊飼い	Medium	2:8	Good News to the Marginalized	Avoid romanticized pastoral image; retain social-lowliness of first recipients of the announcement.
21	Consolation	παράκλησις / paraklēsis	慰め	Medium	2:25	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Distinguish from 癒し (wellness/self-care marketing term flagged in the baseline).
22	Circumcision	περιτομή / peritomē	割礼	Low	2:21	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Historical/covenantal, standard rendering.
23	Temple	ναός / naos	神殿	Medium	2:27	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Distinguish from generic Shinto shrine (神社) despite surface vocabulary overlap; singular covenant sanctuary.
24	Repentance	μετάνοια / metanoia	悔い改め	Critical	3:3	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Distinguish from 反省 (secular regret) and Buddhist ritual confession (懺悔, zange); a Spirit-enabled reorientation toward God.
25	Baptism / baptize	βάπτισμα, βαπτίζω / baptisma, baptizō	バプテスマ / 洗礼	High	3:3	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Distinguish from Shinto ritual purification (清め/禊, harae/misogi); symbolizes repentance, not removal of ceremonial pollution.
26	Wrath	ὀργή / orgē	怒り	Medium	3:7	Universal Human Accountability	Must remain personal, moral, judicial; avoid drift toward impersonal karma/fate (echoes the baseline’s providence caution).
27	Fruit (of repentance)	καρπός / karpos	実	Low	3:8	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Standard metaphor, transfers well.
28	Devil	διάβολος / diabolos	悪魔	High	4:2	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Distinguish from folk-yōkai tradition (妖怪) and idiomatic secular usage; a real, personal, defeated spiritual adversary.
29	Demon	δαιμόνιον / daimonion	悪霊	High	4:33	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Risk of blending into Japan’s animistic folk-spirit category (幽霊, 妖怪) rather than being understood as under Christ’s direct authority.
30	Tax collector	τελώνης / telōnēs	取税人	Medium	5:27	Table Fellowship with Sinners	Requires explanatory framing of 1st-century social contempt; no direct modern Japanese social-disgust equivalent.
31	Sinner (social category)	ἁμαρτωλός / hamartōlos	罪人	High	5:30	Table Fellowship with Sinners	Must retain both moral guilt-before-God (per baseline sin caution) and social-outcast dimension together.
32	Leper / leprosy	λεπρός / lepros	重い皮膚病の人 (avoid らい病人)	High	5:12	Good News to the Marginalized	Japan-specific: 20th-century Leprosy Prevention Law (らい予防法, 1907-1996) enforced quarantine of Hansen’s disease patients; older terminology is now actively discriminatory. No baseline parallel; newly identified risk.
33	Pharisee	Φαρισαῖος / Pharisaios	パリサイ人	Low-Medium	5:17	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Transliterated group name; provide historical framing to avoid flattening into a generic stock antagonist.
34	Blessed	μακάριος / makarios	幸いである	Medium	6:20	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Distinguish from 幸せ (circumstantial happiness); a settled divine-approval status compatible with present suffering.
35	Woe	οὐαί / ouai	災いだ	Medium	6:24	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Prophetic warning of judgment, not a superstitious curse-formula (avoid 呪い resonance).
36	Love (enemies)	ἀγαπάω / agapaō	愛する	Medium	6:27, 35	Jesus’ Compassion	Non-reciprocal, grace-shaped love; echoes the baseline’s on-giri caution under Grace.
37	Centurion	ἑκατόνταρχος / hekatontarchos	百人隊長	Medium	7:2	Jesus as Savior for All Nations	Requires brief Roman-military-rank framing for the Gentile-faith contrast to register.
38	Compassion (gut-level)	σπλαγχνίζομαι / splanchnizomai	深く憐れむ	High	7:13	Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship	同情 risks a distant/condescending tone; this term requires visceral, personal, moved-to-action warmth per the baseline’s Romans 8/12 tone guidance.
39	Widow	χήρα / chēra	やもめ	Medium	7:12	Good News to the Marginalized	Recurring figure (7:12; 18:1-8; 21:2-3); teach as a unified pattern.
40	Parable	παραβολή / parabolē	たとえ	Medium	8:4	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Distinguish from generic moralistic-fable genre (教訓話); an authoritative revealing/concealing teaching method.
41	Word of God	λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ / logos tou Theou	神のことば	Medium	8:11	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Apply baseline’s 神-qualification convention.
42	Transfigured	μεταμορφόω / metamorphoō	姿が変わる	Critical	9:29	Deity of Christ	Must not be read via Japanese folklore’s shape-shifting tales (狐や狸の変化) or as a repeatable avatar-manifestation (already forbidden under baseline’s Incarnation entry, 化身/権化).
43	Cross	σταυρός / stauros	十字架	High	9:23	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	十字架を負う already exists as a secularized Japanese idiom for “a burden to bear”; requires active doctrinal restoration, paralleling the baseline’s 復活 dilution caution.
44	Follow (as disciple)	ἀκολουθέω / akoloutheō	従う	Medium	9:23	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	Distinguish from hierarchical compliance-following (echoes baseline’s obedience_of_faith caution).
45	Disciple	μαθητής / mathētēs	弟子	High	6:13; 9:1	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	弟子 also names apprentices in Japan’s craft/martial-arts guild system (弟子制度), oriented toward eventual independence; biblical discipleship is a lifelong, grace-based allegiance never “graduated” from.
46	Neighbor	πλησίον / plēsion	隣人	Medium	10:27	Jesus’ Compassion	Japan’s “relationless society” (無縁社会) trend and the baseline’s uchi-soto caution both risk narrowing this to literal proximity or in-group members.
47	Eternal life	ζωὴ αἰώνιος / zōē aiōnios	永遠のいのち	High	10:25	Salvation	Distinguish from the cycle of rebirth (輪廻, already forbidden under baseline resurrection entry); unending personal fellowship with God, not endless successive lives.
48	Samaritan	Σαμαρίτης / Samaritēs	サマリア人	Low-Medium	10:33	Unity of Jews and Gentiles (parallel)	Requires brief historical framing of Jewish-Samaritan hostility.
49	Daily bread	ἄρτος ἐπιούσιος / artos epiousios	日ごとの糧	Medium	11:3	Prayer and Dependence on God	Retain ongoing daily dependence against Japan’s self-sufficiency work ethic (勤勉) as an implicit counter-value.
50	Worry / anxious	μεριμνάω / merimnaō	心配する	Medium	12:22	Prayer and Dependence on God	Retain the positive theological ground (trust in the Father’s providence), not generic self-help messaging.
51	Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit	βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον	聖霊を冒涜すること	Critical	12:10	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	Inherits baseline’s Critical 聖霊 rating; the most severe named sin in the Gospels.
52	Narrow door	στενὴ θύρα / stenē thyra	狭い戸口	Low-Medium	13:24	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Ensure not read as salvation-by-effort rather than urgency of grace-response.
53	Banquet / invitation	δεῖπνον, κλῆσις / deipnon, klēsis	宴会	Medium	14:16	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Modern 宴会’s corporate-drinking-party connotation risks trivializing the eschatological Messianic Banquet image.
54	Lame / crippled	χωλός, ἀνάπειρος / chōlos, anapeiros	足のなえた人 / 体の不自由な人	Medium	14:13	Good News to the Marginalized	Use current respectful disability terminology; avoid dated discriminatory kanji compounds.
55	Lost	ἀπολωλός / apolōlos	見失われた / いなくなった	High	15:4	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Retain personal, relational lostness before God, not mere object-retrieval framing.
56	Joy	χαρά / chara	喜び	Medium	15:7	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	Distinguish from 楽しみ (fleeting pleasure); God’s own durable, communal, covenantal joy.
57	Welcome / eat with (table fellowship)	προσδέχομαι, συνεσθίω	迎え入れる / 一緒に食事をする	High	15:2	Table Fellowship with Sinners	Ancient table fellowship signified family-like acceptance; must not be read as a minor social footnote.
58	Hades	Ἅδης / Hadēs	ハデス (never 黄泉)	Critical	16:23	Kingdom of God Present and Future	黄泉 (Yomi) is the proper name of the Shinto/Kojiki mythological underworld; using it risks direct syncretistic conflation. No baseline parallel; newly identified.
59	Mammon	μαμωνᾶς / mamōnas	富 / マモン	Medium	16:9	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	Retain personifying “rival master” force; do not flatten to a neutral economic term.
60	Save / heal / make whole	σῴζω / sōzō	救う (root; 治る for physical healing, 救われる for salvation as context requires)	Critical	17:19; 19:10	Salvation; Good News to the Marginalized	The same Greek verb spans physical healing and spiritual salvation; Japanese requires different surface words, risking loss of Luke’s deliberate wordplay — flag every occurrence for translator awareness.
61	Kingdom “among/within” you	ἐν μέσῳ, ἐντός	神の国はあなたがたのただ中にあります (prefer “in your midst”)	High	17:20-21	Kingdom of God Present and Future	An individualized “within you” rendering risks drifting toward a privatized kingdom resembling Buddhist inner-realization language (内なる悟り); prefer the communal, Christ-centered “in your midst” sense.
62	Prayer	προσευχή / proseuchē	祈り	Medium	18:1	Prayer and Dependence on God	Distinguish from Shinto/Buddhist ritual petition (お参り, おみくじ); direct relational address to a personal Father through Christ.
63	Seek and save the lost (thesis verse)	ζητέω καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός	失われた者を捜し出して救うために来た	High	19:10	All eight curriculum doctrines converge	Recommend cross-document consistency rule identical to the baseline’s treatment of Romans 1:16-17.
64	Zacchaeus (proper name)	Ζακχαῖος / Zakchaios	ザアカイ	Low	19:2	Table Fellowship with Sinners	Standard transliteration.
65	Scribe	γραμματεύς / grammateus	律法学者	Low	20:39	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Standard compound built on baseline’s established 律法 (Law).
66	Redemption	ἀπολύτρωσις / apolytrōsis	贖い	High	21:28	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Ties to atonement/ransom doctrine, already flagged for theologian-level escalation in the baseline (Romans 3:25 parallel); must convey costly, price-paid liberation.
67	New covenant	διαθήκη καινή	新しい契約	High	22:20	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Intensifies the baseline’s existing 契約/commercial-contract dilution caution at the Last Supper’s founding declaration.
68	Body / blood (Lord’s Supper)	σῶμα, αἷμα	体 / 血	High	22:19-20	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Awareness needed of blood’s (血) ritual-impurity (kegare) associations in traditional Shinto practice; teach as sacrificial covenant memorial, not a purity/impurity matter.
69	Crucify	σταυρόω / stauroō	十字架につける	Critical	23:33	Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins	Real, historical, physically brutal execution accomplishing atonement; escalate per baseline’s atonement/propitiation rule.
70	Paradise	παράδεισος / paradeisos	楽園	High	23:43	Kingdom of God Present and Future	Heavy secular travel-marketing overuse (トロピカル楽園) plus proximity to Pure Land Buddhism’s 極楽 (gokuraku, sharing the character 楽); newly identified double-collision risk with no baseline parallel.
71	Righteous / innocent (centurion’s confession)	δίκαιος / dikaios	正しい方 / 義人	High	23:47	Universal Scope of the Gospel	Inherits baseline’s Bushido-virtue caution under 義; a Gentile’s confession of Christ’s innocence/righteousness.
72	Hearts burning	καρδία καιομένη	心が熱くなる	Low-Medium	24:32	Cost and Joy of Discipleship	Naturally warm idiomatic Japanese; supports baseline’s relational-warmth tone requirement.
73	Ascension	ἀνάληψις / ἀνελήμφθη	天に上げられた	Critical	24:51	Deity and Sonship of Christ	Japan’s Shinto tradition of posthumous human apotheosis (deceased emperors, war dead enshrined as kami) risks conflation; Christ’s ascension is the eternal, already-divine Son returning to preexistent glory, not a human elevated to divinity after death. Newly identified; no baseline parallel.
74	Power from on high	δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους	上からの力	Medium	24:49	Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History	Inherits baseline’s 神の力 caution against 気 and パワー framings.

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Risk Summary (Part B New Terms)

Risk tier	Count	Review routing
Critical	8	Human theologian review (mandatory, every occurrence)
High	24	Human theologian review (mandatory)
Medium	34	Native speaker review
Low / Low-Medium	8	Automated review sufficient
Total new terms	74

Combined with the baseline’s existing risk registry (7 Critical, 19 High, 10 Medium, 4 Low doctrines already governing recurring terms), this glossary substantially expands the Critical/High tier for the Luke curriculum, consistent with Luke’s dense concentration of Incarnation, Messianic, compassion, and table-fellowship material alongside two genuinely new Critical Japan-specific collision points not present anywhere in the Romans baseline: Hades vs. 黄泉 (Yomi) and the Ascension vs. Shinto posthumous apotheosis. Both must be carried forward into Step 2 (doctrine risk registry extension) with full justification preserved.

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Critical Risk Terms

God

Approved rendering: 神
Transliteration: Kami
Doctrine: God
Rejected alternatives: 八百万の神の一柱としての神, 神様

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. In Luke, apply the 唯一のまことの神 qualification with special force at 1:32, 1:35, 1:47, and 2:14, where God’s identity, Christ’s divine sonship, and the angelic ‘glory to God’ proclamation are all doctrinally load-bearing.

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Jesus

Approved rendering: イエス
Transliteration: Iesu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ゼズス

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Use イエス exclusively throughout Luke; ゼズス (the Kirishitan-era Portuguese-derived form) is historical-reference only, never modern curriculum text.

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Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: 聖霊
Transliteration: Seirei
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 霊, 幽霊

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke has the highest concentration of Holy Spirit references of any Gospel (1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49); reinforce the animism caution at every major narrative cluster, not once.

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Grace

Approved rendering: 恵み
Transliteration: megumi
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: 恩返しが要る恵み, 功徳

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 1:28/1:30 (‘found favor’) and 4:19’s 主の恵みの年 both use this root; the on-giri non-transactional caution applies identically.

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Salvation

Approved rendering: 救い
Transliteration: sukui
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 解脱, 極楽往生

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 19:9-10 gives this term its narrative climax (‘salvation has come to this house… to seek and save the lost’).

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Righteousness

Approved rendering: 義
Transliteration: gi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 道徳, 正義感

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 18:14 (justified tax collector) and 23:47 (centurion’s confession) both require the Bushido-virtue distinguishing note against Nitobe’s Bushido honor-virtue sense of 義.

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Justification

Approved rendering: 義と認められること
Transliteration: gi to mitomerareru koto
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 悟りを開くこと, 解脱

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 18:9-14 is an ideal narrative illustration; cross-reference to Romans in teaching materials for consistency.

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Son Of God

Approved rendering: 神の子
Transliteration: Kami no Ko
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 現人神, 神の化身

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke asserts this from before Jesus’ birth (1:32,35); NEVER equate with 現人神, formally renounced in Hirohito’s 1946 Ningen-sengen.

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Incarnation

Approved rendering: 受肉
Transliteration: juniku
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: 化身, 権化

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke narrates this doctrine in more concrete biological/historical detail than Romans (1:26-38; 2:1-7), raising the stakes for precise, non-mythological language.

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Release Forgiveness

Approved rendering: 解放 / 罪の赦し（文脈により使い分ける）
Transliteration: kaihō / tsumi no yurushi
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: 許す（単なる許可の意味の同音異字、絶対に使用しない）

New term. Luke 4:18-19 (core passage, release); 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 24:47 (forgiveness). One Greek word (ἄφεσις) spans both senses; Japanese requires the split, so teaching must actively build the conceptual link. Always use 赦す (moral forgiveness), never 許す (mere permission).

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Savior

Approved rendering: 救い主
Transliteration: sukuinushi
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: 阿弥陀仏と同一視すること（浄土教の阿弥陀仏との混同）, ヒーロー（ポップカルチャーの『英雄』）

New term. Luke 1:47; 2:11. Directly extends the baseline’s Critical 救い entry. Never equate with Amida Buddha or a pop-culture hero; the tariki (other-power) parallel may bridge but never substitute.

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Repentance

Approved rendering: 悔い改め
Transliteration: kuiaratame
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: 反省（神への言及のない世俗的な自己反省）, 懺悔（仏教の儀式的な告白）

New term. Luke 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47. Must be distinguished from 反省 and from Buddhist ritual confession (懺悔); a decisive, Spirit-enabled reorientation toward God, not private remorse or ritual.

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Transfigured

Approved rendering: 姿が変わる
Transliteration: sugata ga kawaru
Doctrine: Transfiguration and Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: 化身・権化（禁止されているアバター的な化身の概念）, 狐や狸の変化（民話の変身譚）

New term. Luke 9:28-36. A one-time disclosure of Christ’s permanent, unchanging divine glory, never a shape-change or repeatable manifestation.

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Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: 聖霊を冒涜すること
Transliteration: Seirei wo bōtoku suru koto
Doctrine: Blasphemy Against the Holy Spirit

New term. Luke 12:10. Directly inherits the baseline’s Critical 聖霊 rating; the most severe named sin in the Gospels.

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Hades

Approved rendering: ハデス
Transliteration: Hadesu
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and the Intermediate State
Rejected alternatives: 黄泉（ヨミ、日本神話・古事記の specific な冥界。絶対に使用しない）

New term, no baseline parallel. Luke 16:23. 黄泉 (Yomi) is the proper name of the Shinto/Kojiki mythological underworld; using it risks direct syncretistic conflation. Transliterate as ハデス only.

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Save Heal Sozo

Approved rendering: 救う（語根）／文脈により 治る（身体の癒し）・救われる（救済）
Transliteration: sukuu / naoru・sukuwareru
Doctrine: Faith and Healing (the sōzō Wordplay)

New term. Luke 8:36,48,50; 17:19; 18:42; 19:10. The same Greek verb σῴζω spans physical healing and spiritual salvation; Japanese requires different surface renderings, so every occurrence must be flagged for translator awareness to preserve the shared conceptual root.

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Crucify

Approved rendering: 十字架につける
Transliteration: jūjika ni tsukeru
Doctrine: The Cross and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: 象徴的な意味だけで扱うこと

New term. Luke 23:21,23,33. A real, historical, physically brutal execution accomplishing atonement for sin; escalate per the baseline’s atonement/propitiation review rule.

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Ascension

Approved rendering: 天に上げられた
Transliteration: ten ni agerareta
Doctrine: Ascension and Exaltation of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 人間が死後神格化されること（神道の人神化のパターンとの混同、絶対に使用しない）

New term, no baseline parallel. Luke 24:51. Japan’s Shinto tradition of posthumous human apotheosis (deceased emperors, war dead enshrined as kami, e.g. Yasukuni Shrine) risks conflation; Christ’s Ascension is the eternal, already-divine Son returning to preexistent glory, not a human elevated to divinity after death.

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High Risk Terms

Messiah

Approved rendering: キリスト
Transliteration: Kirisuto
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: 救世主

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke’s genealogy (3:23-38) and infancy narrative supply the OT-fulfillment background largely assumed but not narrated in Romans, intensifying (not changing) the baseline’s biblical-illiteracy caution.

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Lord

Approved rendering: 主
Transliteration: shu
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 主君, ご主人様

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 2:11 (‘Christ the Lord’) and 24:34 stack this title with Savior/Christ language; escalate per the baseline’s compound Messianic Promise/Lordship escalation rule whenever these titles co-occur. Note: the Luke doctrine_risk_registry.json rates the doctrine Lordship of Christ as Critical given this compounding, even though the isolated term itself retains the baseline’s High rating.

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Faith

Approved rendering: 信仰
Transliteration: shinkou
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: 信心, 宗教心

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 7:9, 7:50, 8:25, 17:19, 18:42 use faith/believe in healing contexts; teaching must clarify faith’s object remains personal trust in Christ even where σῴζω also carries a healing sense (see save_heal_sozo below).

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Covenant

Approved rendering: 契約
Transliteration: keiyaku
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 1:72-73 (oath to Abraham) and 22:20 (new covenant, see new_covenant below) both carry the commercial-contract dilution risk; the Last Supper occurrence carries maximal doctrinal stakes.

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Sin

Approved rendering: 罪
Transliteration: tsumi
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: 恥, 迷惑をかけること

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke’s dense tax-collector/sinner social vocabulary (see sinner_social below) supplements but never replaces this abstract term.

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Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: 神の国
Transliteration: Kami no Kuni
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: 神国日本

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. This is the single most frequent doctrinal phrase in Luke (over 30 occurrences); the baseline’s State-Shinto-era anchoring requirement (神国日本) applies at EVERY occurrence, not only at first use — a substantially higher exposure than in Romans requiring active management throughout.

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Resurrection

Approved rendering: 復活
Transliteration: fukkatsu
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 輪廻転生, カムバック

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 20:27-40 previews and Luke 24 delivers the single most concentrated occurrence of this doctrine in either curriculum; actively counteract 復活’s secular pop-culture ‘comeback’ dilution with maximum teaching emphasis.

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Providence

Approved rendering: 摂理
Transliteration: setsuri
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: 運命, 宿命

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Most directly relevant to Luke 12:22-31 (anxiety over provision) and 21:18 (‘not a hair of your head will perish’).

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Seed Of David

Approved rendering: ダビデの子孫
Transliteration: Dabide no shison
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Underlies Luke 1:32,69 and the genealogy of 3:23-38.

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Saints

Approved rendering: 聖徒
Transliteration: seito
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: 聖者, 菩薩

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Less lexically prominent in Luke; retained for cross-document consistency should future Luke-Acts curriculum material require it.

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Sanctification

Approved rendering: 聖化
Transliteration: seika
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 修行, 悟り

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Less lexically prominent in Luke than in Romans; retained for cross-document consistency.

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Scripture

Approved rendering: 聖書
Transliteration: Seisho
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 経（お経）としての扱い, 古典文学としての位置づけ

New term. Luke 4:17,21 (core passage); 24:27,32,45. Distinguish from Buddhist sutra (経) transmission through a teacher-disciple lineage and from secular ‘classic literature’ status.

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Anoint

Approved rendering: 油を注ぐ
Transliteration: abura wo sosogu
Doctrine: Anointing for Messianic Mission
Rejected alternatives: 灌頂（かんじょう、密教の儀式）

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage). Spirit-empowerment for messianic office, the root act constituting Jesus ὁ χριστός; must never be reduced to a ceremonial ritual gesture, and must avoid collision with Buddhist esoteric consecration vocabulary (灌頂).

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Poor

Approved rendering: 貧しい人
Transliteration: mazushii hito
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: 貧困者（臨床的・距離感のある語）

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage); recurring 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3. Japan’s 一億総中流 self-image and modern homelessness stigma (路上生活者) risk reducing ‘the poor’ to a distant charity category.

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Acceptable Year Of The Lord

Approved rendering: 主の恵みの年
Transliteration: Shu no megumi no toshi
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: ヨベルの年のみを提示すること（専門用語だけでは背景説明が不可能）

New term. Luke 4:19 (core passage, climax of the Isaiah citation). Imports the Critical grace/on-giri caution; requires active Leviticus 25 Jubilee background explanation.

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Fulfill

Approved rendering: 成就する
Transliteration: jōju suru
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke
Rejected alternatives: 実現する（世俗的な『実現した』の意味）, 占いが当たる（占いの予言が当たるという意味との混同）

New term. Luke 4:21 (core passage); 21:22,24; 22:16; 24:44. Distinguish from secular 実現する and from fortune-telling framing, compounding the 預言/予言 homophone risk.

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Virgin

Approved rendering: 処女
Transliteration: shojo
Doctrine: Virgin Birth
Rejected alternatives: 若い女性（一般的な『若い女性』への軟化）

New term. Luke 1:27. Must be rendered literally, never softened; foundational to the Virgin Birth doctrine tightly linked to Incarnation/Sonship of Christ.

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Baptism

Approved rendering: バプテスマ / 洗礼
Transliteration: Baputesuma / senrei
Doctrine: Baptism of Repentance
Rejected alternatives: 清め・禊（神道の儀式的な穢れの除去）

New term. Luke 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50; 20:4. Must be distinguished from Shinto ritual purification (harae/misogi), which addresses ceremonial pollution (kegare) rather than moral repentance before a personal God.

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Devil

Approved rendering: 悪魔
Transliteration: akuma
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Exorcism
Rejected alternatives: 妖怪（日本の民間伝承の怪異）, 悪魔的な（比喩的・慣用的な用法）

New term. Luke 4:2-13; 8:12; 22:3. Distinguish from Japan’s folk-yōkai tradition and idiomatic secular usage; a real, personal, defeated spiritual adversary.

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Demon

Approved rendering: 悪霊
Transliteration: akuryō
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Exorcism
Rejected alternatives: 幽霊（幽霊としての混同）, 妖怪

New term. Luke 4:33-36,41; 8:2,26-39; 9:1,37-43; 11:14-20. Risk of blending into Japan’s animistic folk-spirit category rather than being understood as under Christ’s direct authority.

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Sinner Social

Approved rendering: 罪人
Transliteration: tsumibito
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: 恥をかいた人（恥のみの枠組み）

New term. Luke 5:30,32; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7. Must retain both moral guilt-before-God and social-outcast dimensions together.

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Leper

Approved rendering: 重い皮膚病の人
Transliteration: omoi hifubyō no hito
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: らい病人（1907〜1996年のらい予防法の歴史により差別的な語）

New term, Japan-specific with no baseline parallel. Luke 5:12-14; 17:12-19. Older terminology is now actively discriminatory in living memory; never use らい病人.

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Compassion Splanchnizomai

Approved rendering: 深く憐れむ
Transliteration: fukaku awaremu
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: 同情（dōjō、距離感・見下しのニュアンスを持つ場合がある）

New term. Luke 7:13; 10:33; 15:20. Requires visceral, personal, moved-to-action compassion; never drift toward the more distant 同情.

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Cross

Approved rendering: 十字架
Transliteration: jūjika
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: 十字架を負う（世俗化された『負担を背負う』という慣用句のみの用法）

New term. Luke 9:23; 14:27. The secularized idiom 十字架を負う requires active doctrinal restoration, paralleling the baseline’s 復活 caution.

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Disciple

Approved rendering: 弟子
Transliteration: deshi
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: 見習い（徒弟制度的なトレーニー）

New term. Luke 6:13,17,20; 9:1,14,16,18,40; 10:23; 14:26-27,33; 22:11. 弟子 also names apprentices in Japan’s craft/martial-arts guild system (弟子制度), oriented toward eventual graduation/independence (暖簾分け); biblical discipleship is lifelong and never graduated from.

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Eternal Life

Approved rendering: 永遠のいのち
Transliteration: eien no inochi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 輪廻（生まれ変わりの輪、禁止）

New term. Luke 10:25; 18:18,30. Must be distinguished from the Buddhist/folk concept of an ongoing cycle of rebirth.

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Lost

Approved rendering: 見失われた / いなくなった
Transliteration: miushinawareta / inaku natta
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: なくなった物（単なる物の紛失として扱うこと）

New term. Luke 15:4,6,8-9,17,24,32; 19:10. Retain a personal, relational sense of lostness before God, not mere object-retrieval framing.

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Welcome Eat With

Approved rendering: 迎え入れる / 一緒に食事をする
Transliteration: mukaeireru / issho ni shokuji wo suru
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners

New term. Luke 5:29-30; 15:1-2; 19:5-7. Ancient table fellowship signified family-like acceptance; must not be read as a minor social footnote.

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Kingdom Among Within

Approved rendering: 神の国はあなたがたのただ中にあります
Transliteration: Kami no Kuni wa anatagata no tadanaka ni arimasu
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: 神の国はあなたの心の中にあります（個人化された『あなたの内に』の訳。仏教的な内なる悟りに接近するため使用しない）

New term. Luke 17:20-21. The ‘in your midst’ rendering, referring to Jesus’ own bodily presence among his hearers, is locked as the required form across all curriculum materials.

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Seek And Save The Lost

Approved rendering: 人の子は、失われた者を捜し出して救うために来た
Transliteration: Hito no Ko wa, ushinawareta mono wo sagashidashite sukuu tame ni kita
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People

New term. Luke 19:10. Luke’s own thesis-statement verse. This exact Japanese wording must be used identically in every curriculum document that quotes it, per the same cross-document consistency rule the baseline applies to Romans 1:16-17 and 8:28.

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Redemption

Approved rendering: 贖い
Transliteration: akanai
Doctrine: The Cross and Atonement
Rejected alternatives: 改善（あいまいな『改善』の意味）

New term. Luke 21:28; 1:68; 2:38. Ties to atonement/ransom doctrine, escalated per the baseline’s Romans 3:25 propitiation-language rule; must convey a costly, price-paid liberation.

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New Covenant

Approved rendering: 新しい契約
Transliteration: atarashii keiyaku
Doctrine: New Covenant

New term. Luke 22:20. Intensifies the baseline’s 契約/commercial-contract dilution caution at maximal doctrinal stakes—the founding declaration of the New Covenant.

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Body Blood

Approved rendering: 体 / 血
Transliteration: karada / chi
Doctrine: The Cross and Atonement

New term. Luke 22:19-20. Blood (血) carries strong ritual-impurity (kegare) associations in traditional Shinto practice; must be taught as a sacrificial covenant memorial, never absorbed into a purity/impurity framework.

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Paradise

Approved rendering: 楽園
Transliteration: rakuen
Doctrine: Eschatological Hope and the Intermediate State
Rejected alternatives: 極楽（浄土教の極楽、gokuraku）, トロピカル楽園的な観光地イメージ

New term, no baseline parallel. Luke 23:43. Double dilution/collision risk: secular travel-marketing overuse plus proximity to Pure Land Buddhism’s 極楽.

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Righteous Innocent Centurion

Approved rendering: 正しい方 / 義人
Transliteration: tadashii kata / gijin
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: 武士道の徳としての義（正しさの徳としての誤読）

New term. Luke 23:47. A Gentile confession of Christ’s innocence/righteousness; inherits the Bushido-virtue caution under 義.

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Medium Risk Terms

Gentiles

Approved rendering: 異邦人
Transliteration: ihoujin
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: 外人

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 2:32, 4:25-27, 7:9 all build toward this doctrine ahead of Romans; retain the redemptive-historical category, never a generic uchi-soto insider/outsider frame.

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Glory

Approved rendering: 栄光
Transliteration: eikou
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 名誉

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 2:9, 2:14, 9:31-32 (Transfiguration) are the key occurrences.

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Peace

Approved rendering: 平安
Transliteration: heian
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: 安心, 癒し

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 2:14’s collective/eschatological ‘peace on earth’ sense stands alongside the personal sense in 7:50, 19:38, 24:36.

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Power Of God

Approved rendering: 神の力
Transliteration: Kami no Chikara
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 気, パワー

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 1:35, 4:14, 24:49 (see power_from_on_high below).

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Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: 賜物
Transliteration: tamamono
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: 超能力, 霊力

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Less prominent lexically in Luke than in Romans; occurs implicitly in the mission/sending passages of chs. 9-10.

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Church

Approved rendering: 教会
Transliteration: kyoukai
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: 寺, 神社

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Rare lexically in Luke itself (the institution proper emerges in Acts); must be kept distinct from 会堂 (synagogue, see below) to preserve the redemptive-historical Jew-then-Gentile pattern.

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Father

Approved rendering: 父
Transliteration: chichi
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 家長

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 15 (Prodigal Son) is the richest Father-warmth passage in the entire Bible for this term; apply the baseline’s warmth-compensation guidance with particular intensity.

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Abba

Approved rendering: アバ
Transliteration: Aba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke does not itself use this term, but the same intimacy principle governs ch. 15’s Father-warmth material; retain the transliteration convention wherever cross-referenced.

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Election

Approved rendering: 選び
Transliteration: erabi
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: 合格, 選抜

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Underlies Luke’s calling language (5:1-11; 6:13) though less lexically prominent than in Romans.

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Law

Approved rendering: 律法
Transliteration: ritsuhou
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 空気を読むこと, 法律

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Repeatedly invoked in Luke’s Pharisee/scribe controversy narratives (5:17-26; 6:1-11; 11:37-52; 14:1-6) and the Law/Prophets fulfillment statements (16:16-17; 24:44).

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Prophet

Approved rendering: 預言者
Transliteration: yogensha
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 予言者, 占い師

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 4:17,24,27 (Isaiah; ‘no prophet is accepted in his hometown’); ALWAYS verify the kanji 預言者, never the homophone 予言者.

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Prophecy

Approved rendering: 預言
Transliteration: yogen
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 予言, 占い

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Underlies Luke’s repeated fulfillment formulas (4:21; 24:27,44).

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David

Approved rendering: ダビデ
Transliteration: Dabide
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44.

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Israel

Approved rendering: イスラエル
Transliteration: Isuraeru
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 24:21.

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Mission

Approved rendering: 宣教
Transliteration: senkyou
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: 布教

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 9:1-6 and 10:1-12 (sending of the Twelve and the Seventy-Two).

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Intercession

Approved rendering: とりなし
Transliteration: torinashi
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 22:32 (‘I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail’) is Jesus’ own intercession for Peter.

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Holy

Approved rendering: 聖い
Transliteration: kiyoi
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 清らか, 穢れがない

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 1:35 (‘the holy one to be born’) and 4:34 (demon’s confession, ‘the Holy One of God’).

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Adoption

Approved rendering: 子とされること
Transliteration: ko to sareru koto
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 養子縁組

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Underlies but is not lexically dense in Luke; the Prodigal Son (ch. 15) is the primary narrative anchor for the sonship/inheritance imagery this term names.

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Synagogue

Approved rendering: 会堂
Transliteration: kaidō
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke
Rejected alternatives: 教会

New term for the Luke package. First occurrence Luke 4:16 (core passage); recurring 4:33,44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 13:10. Must be explicitly distinguished from 教会 (church) to preserve the redemptive-historical Jew-then-Gentile pattern.

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Sabbath

Approved rendering: 安息日
Transliteration: ansokubi
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: 休日

New term. First occurrence Luke 4:16; recurring 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6. Risk of reduction to secular ‘day off’; retain creation-ordinance, worship-oriented sense.

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Preach Gospel Verb

Approved rendering: 福音を伝える
Transliteration: fukuin wo tsutaeru
Doctrine: Gospel

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage); recurring 4:43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1. Verb form of the baseline’s established noun 福音; inherits its biblical-illiteracy blankness risk.

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Proclaim Herald

Approved rendering: 告げ知らせる
Transliteration: tsugeshiraseru
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke

New term. Luke 4:18-19,44 (core passage); 8:1,39; 9:2,60; 12:3; 24:47. Retain public, authoritative, decree-like force; distinguish from private teaching.

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Captive

Approved rendering: 捕らわれ人
Transliteration: torawarehito
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: 捕虜（第二次大戦の捕虜を強く連想させる）

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage). Modern readers’ primary association may be 20th-century wartime POWs; extend to spiritual bondage without erasing the literal sense.

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Blind

Approved rendering: 目の見えない人
Transliteration: me no mienai hito
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: 盲人（古い表現）

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage); 7:21-22; 14:13,21; 18:35-43. Retain the literal, dignifying sense; allow symbolic extension to unbelief only where the narrative supports it.

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Oppressed Crushed

Approved rendering: 抑圧された人
Transliteration: yokuatsu sareta hito
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage). Balance social/political and personal/spiritual senses; Luke intends both together.

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Angel

Approved rendering: 御使い
Transliteration: mitsukai
Doctrine: Angelic Annunciation and Divine Messengers
Rejected alternatives: エンジェル（ポップ・スピリチュアル商品文化を連想させるカタカナ語）

New term. Luke 1:11-38; 2:9-15; 22:43; 24:23. Japan’s contemporary ‘angel’ pop-spirituality goods market (エンジェルカード) risks reducing this to a generic lucky-charm figure; teach from function, not aesthetic.

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Mercy

Approved rendering: 憐れみ
Transliteration: awaremi
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: 同情（やや見下したニュアンスを持つ場合がある）

New term. Luke 1:50,54,58,72,78; 10:37; 18:38-39. Distinguish from 同情 (which can carry a condescending tone); covenant-faithful kindness from strength.

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Shepherd

Approved rendering: 羊飼い
Transliteration: hitsujikai
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: ロマンチックな牧歌調の表現

New term. Luke 2:8,15,18,20. Avoid a romanticized pastoral image; retain the social-lowliness point that God entrusts the announcement to overlooked people first.

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Consolation

Approved rendering: 慰め
Transliteration: nagusame
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke
Rejected alternatives: 癒し（ウェルネス市場の用語）

New term. Luke 2:25 (Simeon). Distinguish from 癒し (wellness/self-care marketing term); covenant-hope fulfilled, not therapeutic relief.

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Temple

Approved rendering: 神殿
Transliteration: shinden
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 神社（神道の神社）

New term. Luke 2:27,37,46; 19:45-46; 21:5-6,37-38; 24:53. Distinguish from a generic Shinto shrine building despite surface vocabulary overlap; the singular covenant sanctuary of the God of Israel.

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Wrath

Approved rendering: 怒り
Transliteration: ikari
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 運命的な報い（非人格的な因果応報の枠組み）

New term. Luke 3:7; 21:23. Must remain a personal, moral, judicial category; avoid drift toward impersonal karma-like automatic consequence.

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Tax Collector

Approved rendering: 取税人
Transliteration: shuzeinin
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners

New term. Luke 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2. Requires explanatory framing of first-century social/religious contempt; no direct modern Japanese equivalent.

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Pharisee

Approved rendering: パリサイ人
Transliteration: Farisai-jin
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke

New term. Luke 5:17-6:11; 7:36-50; 11:37-54; 14:1-6; 15:2; 18:9-14. Transliterated group name; provide historical framing to avoid a generic stock-antagonist reading.

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Blessed

Approved rendering: 幸いである
Transliteration: saiwai de aru
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: 幸せ（状況的な幸福）

New term. Luke 6:20-22; 1:45; 7:23; 11:28; 14:14-15. A settled divine-approval status compatible with present suffering, distinguished from 幸せ.

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Woe

Approved rendering: 災いだ
Transliteration: wazai da
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 呪い（迷信的な呪いの決まり文句）

New term. Luke 6:24-26; 10:13; 11:42-52; 17:1. A prophetic warning of coming judgment, not a superstitious curse-formula.

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Love Agape

Approved rendering: 愛する
Transliteration: ai suru
Doctrine: Love of Enemies and Non-Reciprocal Grace
Rejected alternatives: 恋愛の愛, 義理に基づく関係

New term. Luke 6:27,32,35; 7:42,47; 10:27; 11:43. Must retain the non-reciprocal, grace-shaped character, echoing the on-giri caution under Grace.

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Centurion

Approved rendering: 百人隊長
Transliteration: hyakunin taichō
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People

New term. Luke 7:2-10; 23:47. Requires brief Roman-military-rank framing for the Gentile-faith contrast to register.

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Widow

Approved rendering: やもめ
Transliteration: yamome
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized

New term. Luke 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:2-3. Teach as a unified recurring pattern, not isolated anecdotes.

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Parable

Approved rendering: たとえ
Transliteration: tatoe
Doctrine: Parables as Kingdom Revelation
Rejected alternatives: 教訓話（一般的な教訓譚のジャンル）

New term. Luke 8:4-15; 10:25-37; 12:16-21; 14:15-24; 15; 18:1-14; 20:9-19. An authoritative, revelatory (and selectively concealing, 8:10) teaching method, not a generic moralistic fable.

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Word Of God

Approved rendering: 神のことば
Transliteration: Kami no kotoba
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture

New term. Luke 5:1; 8:11,21; 11:28. Apply the baseline’s 神-qualification convention when this phrase occurs in doctrinally weighty statements.

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Follow Disciple Verb

Approved rendering: 従う
Transliteration: shitagau
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: 上下関係への服従（階層的な従順）

New term. Luke 5:11,27-28; 9:23,57-62; 18:22,28. Relational allegiance to a person, not deference to rank.

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Neighbor

Approved rendering: 隣人
Transliteration: rinjin
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile

New term. Luke 10:27,29,36. Japan’s ‘relationless society’ (無縁社会) trend and uchi-soto caution both risk narrowing this to literal proximity or in-group members.

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Samaritan

Approved rendering: サマリア人
Transliteration: Samaria-jin
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile

New term. Luke 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16. Requires brief historical framing of Jewish-Samaritan hostility.

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Daily Bread

Approved rendering: 日ごとの糧
Transliteration: higoto no kate
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God

New term. Luke 11:3 (Lord’s Prayer). Retain daily, ongoing dependence against Japan’s self-sufficiency/hard-work ethic (勤勉) as an implicit counter-value.

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Worry Anxious

Approved rendering: 心配する
Transliteration: shinpai suru
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: ストレス管理（世俗的なストレス対処法として一般化すること）

New term. Luke 10:41; 12:11,22-31. Retain the positive ground of the command—trust in a personal Father’s providence—rather than generic self-help messaging.

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Narrow Door

Approved rendering: 狭い戸口
Transliteration: semai toguchi
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future

New term. Luke 13:24. Ensure not read as salvation-by-effort rather than urgency of grace-response.

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Banquet Invitation

Approved rendering: 宴会
Transliteration: enkai
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future

New term. Luke 14:15-24. Modern 宴会’s corporate/social drinking-party connotation risks trivializing the eschatological Messianic Banquet image.

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Lame Crippled

Approved rendering: 足のなえた人 / 体の不自由な人
Transliteration: ashi no naeta hito / karada no fujiyū na hito
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: 古い差別的な漢字表現

New term. Luke 14:13,21. Use current, respectful disability terminology; the passage’s point (guests who cannot repay) supports the on-giri/grace teaching.

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Joy

Approved rendering: 喜び
Transliteration: yorokobi
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: 楽しみ（一時的な娯楽的快楽）

New term. Luke 15:7,10,32; 24:41,52. God’s own durable, communal, covenantal joy, distinguished from fleeting 楽しみ.

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Mammon

Approved rendering: 富 / マモン
Transliteration: tomi / Mamon
Doctrine: Mammon and Faithful Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: 中立的な経済用語のみ（『富』の擬人化的な対抗的主人としての意味を失う）

New term. Luke 16:9,11,13. Retain the personifying ‘rival master’ force (‘you cannot serve God and mammon’).

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Prayer

Approved rendering: 祈り
Transliteration: inori
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: お参り・おみくじ（神道・仏教の儀式的な祈願）

New term. Luke 6:12; 11:1-13; 18:1,10; 22:41-45. Direct, relational address to a personal Father through Christ, not a ritual transaction for favor.

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Power From On High

Approved rendering: 上からの力
Transliteration: ue kara no chikara
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: 気（伝統的な生命エネルギーの概念）, パワー（アニメ・特撮的な超能力を連想させる外来語）

New term. Luke 24:49 (fulfilled at Pentecost, Acts 2). Inherits the baseline’s 神の力 caution against 気 and パワー framings.

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Prodigal Son Idiom

Approved rendering: 放蕩息子
Transliteration: hōtō musuko
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins

New term. Luke 15:11-32. An established, widely recognized Japanese idiom for a wayward-but-welcomed son, itself derived historically from this parable’s influence — a genuine cultural bridge, but readers may know the idiom’s shape without its specific doctrinal content (grace demands no repayment; the older brother’s resentment exposes a transactional view of grace the parable rejects).

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Low Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: 使徒
Transliteration: shito
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: 教祖

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 6:13, 9:1-6, 11:49.

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Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: 感謝
Transliteration: kansha
Doctrine: Thanksgiving

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Luke 17:16 (the grateful healed leper), 22:17,19.

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Fellowship

Approved rendering: 交わり
Transliteration: majiwari
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: 仲間意識

Inherited from Romans package, exact rendering retained. Underlies but is distinct from Luke’s more specific table-fellowship vocabulary (see welcome_eat_with below).

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Recovery Of Sight

Approved rendering: 視力の回復
Transliteration: shiryoku no kaifuku
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized

New term. Luke 4:18 (core passage); fulfilled narratively at 18:35-43; 7:21-22.

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Manger

Approved rendering: 飼い葉桶
Transliteration: kaibaoke
Doctrine: Incarnation

New term. Luke 2:7,12,16. Concrete lowliness of the incarnate Son’s birth setting; no collision.

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Circumcision

Approved rendering: 割礼
Transliteration: katsurei
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant

New term. Luke 1:59; 2:21. Historical/covenantal term; standard rendering, no collision.

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Fruit Of Repentance

Approved rendering: 実
Transliteration: mi
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins

New term. Luke 3:8-9; 6:43-44; 8:8,14-15; 13:6-9. Standard metaphor, transfers well.

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Zacchaeus

Approved rendering: ザアカイ
Transliteration: Zaakai
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners

New term. Luke 19:2-9. Standard transliteration.

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Scribe

Approved rendering: 律法学者
Transliteration: ritsuhō gakusha
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke

New term. Luke 5:21; 20:39,46; 22:2. Standard compound built on the established 律法 (Law).

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Hearts Burning

Approved rendering: 心が熱くなる
Transliteration: kokoro ga netsuku naru
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship

New term. Luke 24:32. Naturally warm idiomatic Japanese; supports the tone requirement for warmth in relationally rich passages.

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Isaiah

Approved rendering: イザヤ
Transliteration: Izaya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy in Luke

New term. Luke 4:17 (core passage); 3:4. Established Shinkaiyaku proper-name form; also listed in the baseline’s transliteration standards list for future reference.

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Beelzebul

Approved rendering: ベルゼブル
Transliteration: Beruzeburu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Exorcism

New term. Luke 11:15-19. Transliterated proper name; historical/background note on the Canaanite-deity origin of the title is sufficient.

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Genealogy Historical Grounding

Approved rendering: 系図 / 目撃者 / 順序正しく書かれたもの
Transliteration: keizu / mokugekisha / junjo tadashiku kakareta mono
Doctrine: Genealogical and Historical Grounding of the Gospel

New term cluster. Luke 1:1-4; 2:1-2; 3:1-2,23-38. Standard historical/genealogical vocabulary with minimal doctrinal-collision risk; the task is conveying Luke’s own claim to careful historical investigation so the Gospel reads as grounded history, not devotional legend.