Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Corinthians 1–13 (English → Kurdish)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the entire book (chapters 1–13, core passage 5:11–21). Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked (baseline TM — reuse exactly); all others are new terms proposed for this curriculum, recommended for addition to translation memory at the next glossary consolidation step.
Risk tiers follow the established framework: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English Term | Kurdish Term | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters Occurring | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Xwedê | Critical | Deity of Christ / God | 1–13 (throughout) | Reuse exactly per baseline. |
| Jesus | Îsa | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1, 4, 5, 11, 13 | Reuse exactly. |
| Lord | Xudan | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1, 3, 5, 10, 13 | Reuse exactly; exclusive supreme lordship, never softened. |
| Messiah/Christ | Mesîh | Critical | Messianic Promise | 1, 5, 11, 13 | Reuse exactly. |
| Holy Spirit | Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | Sanctification / Deity | 1, 3, 5, 13 | Reuse exactly; capitalized form for the divine Person, distinct from lowercase “ruh” used of the general spirit/letter contrast in ch. 3. |
| Holy | Pîroz | High | Sanctification | 1, 6, 7, 13 | Reuse exactly. |
| Saints | Pîrozan | High | Sainthood | 1, 13 | Reuse exactly (epistolary greeting, closing). |
| Sanctification | Teqdîs | High | Sanctification | 7 | Reuse exactly; distinct from ch. 7’s “cleanse ourselves” (paqij kirin), the believer’s responsive act. |
| Grace | Kerem | High/Critical (context-dependent) | Grace / Generosity and Grace in Giving | 1, 8, 9, 12, 13 | Reuse exactly; extended into the financial-generosity domain in ch. 8–9 with an added zakat/sadaqa collision risk (see notes below). |
| Faith | Îman | High | Faith | 1, 5 | Reuse exactly; personal trust in Christ, not creedal assent. |
| Righteousness | Adalet | Critical | Salvation | 3, 5, 9, 11 | Reuse exactly; forensic standing, not moral achievement. |
| Imputed righteousness (mechanism) | (verb root) hesibandin | Critical | Justification by Faith | 5 | The verb root from baseline’s “Adaleta ku tê hesibandin” is reused for 5:19’s “not counting their trespasses,” preserving doctrinal continuity of the forensic-accounting logic across Romans and 2 Corinthians. |
| Sin | Guneh | High | Universal Human Accountability | 5, 11 | Reuse exactly; general condition of sin, distinct from “sûc” (specific trespass, new term below). |
| Salvation | Rizgarî | Critical | Salvation | 1, 2, 6, 7 | Reuse exactly; must always be anchored to personal, spiritual deliverance, never political-nationalist liberation. |
| Apostle | Şandî | Medium | Apostleship | 1, 8, 11, 12 | Reuse exactly; root for new compound terms below (false apostles, super-apostles, signs of an apostle). |
| Peace | Aştî | Medium | Peace with God | 1, 13 | Reuse exactly. |
| Glory | Rûmet | High | Deity of Christ | 3, 4, 8 | Reuse exactly; anchor to Christ’s specific historical glory. |
| Covenant | Peyman | High | Davidic Covenant / New Covenant | 3 | Reuse exactly as root for “Peymana Nû” (new covenant, new compound below). |
| Church | Dêr | High | Church as God’s People | — (implicit throughout; explicit “temple” imagery ch. 6) | Reuse exactly; distinguish from ch. 6’s “Perestgeha Xwedayê Zindî” (temple of the living God), a related but distinct image. |
| Fellowship | Hevaltî | Low/Medium | Christian Fellowship | 6, 8, 13 | Reuse exactly; watch for secular “comrade” political echo. |
| Thanksgiving | Spasî | Low | Thanksgiving | 1, 2, 9 | Reuse exactly. |
| Exhort | Handan kirin / şîret kirin | Low | Mutual Edification | 1, 2, 5, 13 | Reuse exactly, context-sensitive per baseline. |
| Power of God | Hêza Xwedê | Medium/Critical (context-dependent) | Power of God / Power in Weakness | 4, 12, 13 | Reuse exactly as root; ch. 12’s “power made perfect in weakness” elevates this to Critical in that specific paradox context. |
| David | Dawid | Low | Davidic Covenant | — | Not directly named in 2 Corinthians but underlies covenant background in ch. 3; retained for consistency. |
| Israel | Îsraîl | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 3, 11 | Reuse exactly (Moses/veil narrative, Paul’s Hebrew credentials in 11:22). |
| Gentiles | Ne-cihû | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | — | Retained for consistency where relevant to Paul’s mixed-audience ministry references. |
| Resurrection | Rabûn | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | 4, 5 | Reuse exactly; never rendered with reincarnation-adjacent vocabulary. |
| Father | Bav | High | God | 1, 6 | Reuse exactly (“Father of mercies,” “I will be a father to you,” 6:18). |
New Terms Introduced by 2 Corinthians (Proposed Additions to Translation Memory)
| English Term | Greek (Transliteration) | Kurdish Term | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Alternatives Rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation | καταλλαγή (katallagē) | Lihevanîn | High | Reconciliation with God | 5 | Aştîkirin (rejected: risks collapsing into the resulting-peace state rather than the reconciling act; reserve “Aştî” for peace) | Kurdish tribal reconciliation customs are human-initiated between roughly equal parties; must be taught as God’s own unilateral initiative through Christ. |
| Word/message of reconciliation | λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς | Peyama Lihevanînê | High | Reconciliation with God | 5 | — | Compound of “peyam” (message) + Lihevanînê. |
| Be reconciled (imperative, passive) | καταλλάγητε | Bi Xwedê re bêne lihevanîn | High | Reconciliation with God | 5 | Xwe bi Xwedê re lihev bînin (rejected: active voice wrongly implies human-initiated reconciliation) | Passive voice must be preserved: receive a reconciliation God has already accomplished. |
| New creation | καινὴ κτίσις (kainē ktisis) | Afirandina Nû | High | New Creation in Christ | 5 | — | Guard against Sufi fana/baqa rebirth-assimilation and Yazidi cyclical-renewal readings; a one-time definitive new identity. |
| In Christ | ἐν Χριστῷ (en Christō) | di Mesîh de | High | Christian Identity in Christ / New Creation | 5, 12, 13 | — | Distinguish from Sufi wahdat al-wujud mystical absorption. |
| Comfort/consolation | παράκλησις (paraklēsis) | Teselî | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 7 | — | Root cognate to the Paraclete title elsewhere in NT (not used as a Spirit-title within 2 Cor itself). |
| Affliction/tribulation | θλῖψις (thlipsis) | Tengasî | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | 1, 4, 6, 7, 8 | — | Real emotional resonance with regional political persecution/displacement; anchor specifically to suffering for Christ in ministry. |
| Ministry | διακονία (diakonia) | Xizmet | Medium | Suffering and Comfort in Ministry / Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 3, 4, 5, 6, 9, 11 | — | Consistent with baseline doctrine-name usage. |
| Ambassador | πρεσβεύω (presbeuō) | Nûner | High | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5 | — | Real asset via modern KRG “nûnertî” diplomatic usage, but risks bureaucratic flattening or coded political-representation associations. |
| Sincerity | εἰλικρίνεια / ἁπλότης (eilikrineia / haplotēs) | Rastdilî | Critical | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1, 2 | Îhlas-derived terms (explicitly rejected) | Never use any term evoking Arabic “ikhlas” (Qur’an Sura 112, foundational anti-Trinity sura). |
| New covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | Peymana Nû | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | — | Direct collision with regional naskh (abrogation) doctrine; teach as a different kind of covenant, not a correcting replacement. |
| Letter (of the law) | γράμμα (gramma) | Nivîs | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | — | Must pair clearly with “Ruh” to preserve the letter-kills/Spirit-gives-life contrast. |
| Spirit (life-giving principle) | πνεῦμα (pneuma) | Ruh (lowercase, contextual) | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | — | Distinguish register from capitalized baseline Ruhê Pîroz even though Paul theologically identifies the two. |
| Veil | κάλυμμα (kalymma) | Perde | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | — | Everyday association with women’s religious head-covering requires strong contextual anchoring as a metaphor for obscured understanding. |
| Freedom | ἐλευθερία (eleutheria) | Azadî | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 3 | — | Baseline-flagged companion term to “rizgarî” in Kurdish political-nationalist liberation vocabulary; must be anchored to spiritual freedom from the law’s condemnation, never political liberation. |
| Transformed | μεταμορφόω (metamorphoō) | Veguherîn | High | New Creation in Christ | 3 | — | Shares root with Yazidi kiras guhertin (reincarnation); anchor as one ongoing inward transformation, not cyclical body-change. |
| Image | εἰκών (eikōn) | Wêne | Low/Medium | New Creation in Christ | 3 | — | Straightforward. |
| God of this age | ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | (paraphrase) serokê ruhanî yê vê dinyayê | Critical | Power in Weakness / spiritual conflict background | 4 | Literal “xwedayê vê dinê” (rejected: risks catastrophic ambiguity with Xwedê) | Never use the capitalized or literal “god” noun for this Satanic title; mandatory theologian review every occurrence. |
| Trespass | παράπτωμα (paraptōma) | Sûc | Low/Medium | Reconciliation with God | 5 | — | Distinct nuance from baseline Guneh (sin, the general condition). |
| Made to be sin | ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν | Xwedê ew kir mîna sûcdar (expanded gloss recommended) | Critical | Reconciliation with God | 5 | Bare literal “wî kir guneh” (rejected: risks implying Christ became sinful in nature) | Mandatory theologian review at every occurrence; requires translator’s expansion note. |
| Knew no sin | τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν | yê ku guneh nizanibû | Medium/High | Humanity of Christ | 5 | — | Affirms real, full, yet sinless humanity — not docetic. |
| Fear of the Lord | φόβος τοῦ κυρίου | Tirsa Xudan | Medium | (motivational ground for) Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 5 | — | Reverent accountability, not craven terror. |
| Conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | Wîjdan | Low/Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 1, 4, 5 | — | Broadly compatible concept across traditions. |
| Boasting | καύχημα / καυχάομαι (kauchēma / kauchaomai) | Pesindan / serbilindî | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship / Power in Weakness | 1, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 | — | Runs counter to honor-shame culture’s default valuation of visible strength/honor; Paul’s ironic usage (chs. 10–12) needs explicit framing. |
| Judgment seat of Christ | βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ (bēma tou Christou) | Kursiya Darazê ya Mesîh | High | (believers’ accountability, related to Assurance of Salvation) | 5 | — | Distinguish from the single final Yawm al-Din reckoning; this concerns believers’ works evaluated for reward. |
| Earthly tent | ἐπίγειος οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους | Konê Erdî | Low | (Resurrection background) | 5 | — | Positive resonance with historic Kurdish nomadic-tent culture. |
| Guarantee/down payment (of the Spirit) | ἀρραβών (arrabōn) | Nîşana Peymanê | Medium | (Holy Spirit’s assuring work) | 1, 5 | — | Requires explanation as a binding legal/financial guarantee, tied to baseline Peyman. |
| Day of salvation | ἡμέρα σωτηρίας | Roja Rizgariyê | Critical | Salvation | 6 | — | Uses baseline Rizgarî; same anchoring mandate applies. |
| Unequally yoked | ἑτεροζυγέω (heterozygeō) | bin nîrekê de bi hev re neyên girêdan | Low/Medium | (church purity/partnership background) | 6 | — | Agricultural metaphor transfers naturally. |
| Temple of the living God | ναὸς θεοῦ ζῶντος | Perestgeha Xwedayê Zindî | Medium | Church as God’s People | 6 | — | Distinguish from baseline Dêr. |
| Separate (imperative) | ἀφορίζω (aphorizō) | cuda bûn | Medium/High | Church as God’s People | 6 | — | Must not be read as mandating general social withdrawal from family, given real convert-safety concerns across the four host states. |
| Godly grief / worldly grief | λύπη κατὰ θεόν / τοῦ κόσμου | Xemgîniya li gorî Xwedê / Xemgîniya Dinê | Medium | (repentance background) | 7 | — | — |
| Repentance | μετάνοια (metanoia) | Tobe | Medium | (repentance leading to salvation) | 7 | — | Broadly compatible turning-concept; tie explicitly to salvation in Christ, not ritual repentance formulas. |
| Grace of giving | χάρις (charis, of the collection) | Kerem (reused, extended sense) | Critical | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8, 9 | — | Sharpest collision: Islamic zakat (obligatory quota-based almsgiving) and sadaqa (voluntary charity) must be explicitly distinguished from Paul’s grace-and-joy-motivated, no-fixed-quota giving. |
| Generosity/liberality | ἁπλότης (haplotēs, giving sense) | dilfirehî | Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8 | — | Same Greek lexeme as “sincerity” (ch.1) but a distinct sense — do not use one fixed gloss for both. |
| Equality | ἰσότης (isotēs) | Wekhevî | Low/Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8 | — | — |
| Eagerness/readiness | προθυμία (prothymia) | dilxwazî | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 8 | — | — |
| Cheerful giver | ἱλαρὸς δότης (hilaros dotēs) | yê ku bi kefxweşî dide | Medium/High | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9 | — | Same zakat/obligation-contrast risk as “grace of giving.” |
| Sowing and reaping | σπείρω / θερίζω | Çandin û Dirûn | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9 | — | Transfers naturally in agrarian Kurdish culture. |
| Sufficiency/contentment | αὐτάρκεια (autarkeia) | têrbûn / bes bûn | Low/Medium | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9 | — | — |
| Indescribable gift | ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά | diyariya ku bi peyvan nayê gotin | Low | Generosity and Grace in Giving | 9 | — | — |
| Weapons of warfare | ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας | Çekên Şer | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship (defense of ministry) | 10 | — | Strong martial resonance from Kurdish armed-resistance history; anchor firmly as spiritual metaphor, not literal/political militancy. |
| Strongholds | ὀχύρωμα (ochyrōma) | Kelehên hiş / birca ramanan | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10 | — | Same martial-resonance caution. |
| Take every thought captive | αἰχμαλωτίζω πᾶν νόημα | her ramanek dîl girtin | Medium/High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 10 | — | “Dîl” (POW/captive) is emotionally loaded given regional history of real war captivity; handle with sensitivity. |
| False apostles | ψευδαπόστολοι (pseudapostoloi) | Şandiyên Derew | High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11 | — | Parallels but must be distinguished from regional true/false-messenger religious debates. |
| Super-apostles | ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι (hyperlian apostoloi) | Şandiyên “herî mezin” | Medium/High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11, 12 | — | Ironic title; must be visibly marked as sarcasm (quotation marks/translator’s note). |
| Angel of light | ἄγγελος φωτός | milyaketê ronahiyê | Medium/High | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11 | — | May need explanatory framing against mainstream regional angelology (angels cannot sin). |
| Godly jealousy | ζῆλος θεοῦ (zēlos theou) | çavnebariya li gorî Xwedê | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 11 | — | “Çavnebarî” ordinarily negative; qualifier required. |
| Pure virgin | παρθένος ἁγνή | keçika safî/paqij | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship (church’s fidelity to Christ) | 11 | — | Strong positive honor/family resonance; keep as corporate-church metaphor. |
| Visions and revelations | ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις | dîtin û eşkerekirin | Medium | Power in Weakness | 12 | — | Live category via regional Sufi “kashf” (unveiling) tradition; Paul’s reluctance to boast is the key point. |
| Paradise | παράδεισος (paradeisos) | Bihuştê Xwedê (qualified) | Medium | (eschatology background) | 12 | Bare “Buhişt/Cenet” (use with explicit “of God” qualifier) | Broadly shared concept; anchor as God’s own dwelling specifically. |
| Thorn in the flesh | σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί | stiriyek di goştê min de | Low/Medium | Power in Weakness | 12 | — | — |
| Messenger of Satan | ἄγγελος σατανᾶ | qasidê Şeytan | High | Power in Weakness | 12 | milyaketê Îblîs (rejected: implies a corrupted angelic being, conflicting with mainstream regional angelology) | Use “qasid” (generic messenger/agent), not “milyaket” (angel). |
| Power made perfect in weakness | ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται | hêz di qelsiyê de temam dibe | Critical | Power in Weakness | 12 | — | Runs directly against honor-shame culture’s valuation of strength; must be explicitly taught, not merely translated. |
| Weakness | ἀσθένεια (astheneia) | Qelsî | High | Power in Weakness | 11, 12, 13 | — | Countercultural against tribal honor-shame default; also risks assimilation into Sufi ascetic-humility (fana) framework if not anchored to the specific cross-shaped paradox. |
| Signs of an apostle | σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου | Nîşanên Şandîtiyê | Critical | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 12 | — | Direct collision with Sufi keramet (miracle-signs marking an elevated saint); teach as unique, unrepeatable confirmation of the foundational apostolic office. |
| Examine/test yourselves | ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε | xwe biceribînin / xwe binirxînin | Low/Medium | (closing self-examination exhortation) | 13 | — | — |
| Disqualified | ἀδόκιμος (adokimos) | neserkeftî / neqebûl | Medium | (closing exhortation; guard against contradicting Assurance of Salvation) | 13 | — | Applies to professing-but-possibly-false faith, not genuine believers’ assurance. |
| Holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | maçek pîroz | Low | Christian Fellowship | 13 | — | Positive cultural-transfer asset (cheek-kiss greeting is culturally normal). |
| Trinitarian benediction (grace/love/fellowship) | 2 Cor 13:14 formula | Keremê Xudan Îsa Mesîh, evîna Xwedê, û hevaltiya Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | Deity of Christ / Trinity (cross-doctrine) | 13 | — | Primary catechetical/apologetic text for the Trinity; all component terms reused exactly from baseline; three-Person distinctness must be visibly preserved. |
| Love | ἀγάπη (agapē) | Evîn | High | Reconciliation with God (5:14, “love of Christ”) | 5, 13 | — | Sufi mystical lover/Beloved register is a resource for warmth but risks dissolving Christ’s specific historical self-giving into generalized mystical romance language. |
| Forgive (interpersonal) | χαρίζομαι (charizomai) | lêbûrîn | Medium | (church discipline/forgiveness background) | 2 | — | Shares root-family with Kerem; anchor as grace-shaped, not mere social politeness. |
| Peddling God’s word | καπηλεύω (kapēleuō) | firotina peyva Xwedê ji bo kar | Medium | Genuine versus False Apostleship | 2 | — | Contrast term for profit-driven false teaching. |
| Sufficiency/competency | ἱκανός / ἱκανότης | jêhatî / têrbûn | Low/Medium | Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | 2, 3 | — | — |
| Cleanse ourselves | καθαρίζω (katharizō) | xwe paqij kirin | Medium | (believer’s responsive holiness, distinct from baseline Teqdîs) | 7 | — | Believer’s active response, not the technical Spirit-wrought sanctification process. |
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference Summary
| Doctrine | Key New Terms | Highest Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation with God | Lihevanîn, Peyama Lihevanînê, Xwedê ew kir mîna sûcdar, Sûc | Critical |
| New Creation in Christ | Afirandina Nû, di Mesîh de, Veguherîn | High |
| Suffering and Comfort in Ministry | Teselî, Tengasî, Xizmet, mirina Îsa | Medium/High |
| The New Covenant versus the Old | Peymana Nû, Nivîs, Ruh (lowercase), Perde, Azadî | Critical |
| Sincerity and Apostolic Authority | Rastdilî, Nûner, Wîjdan, Tirsa Xudan | Critical |
| Generosity and Grace in Giving | Kerem (extended), dilfirehî, yê ku bi kefxweşî dide, Wekhevî | Critical |
| Power in Weakness | Qelsî, hêz di qelsiyê de temam dibe, stiriyek di goştê min de, qasidê Şeytan | Critical |
| Genuine versus False Apostleship | Şandiyên Derew, Şandiyên “herî mezin,” Nîşanên Şandîtiyê, Pesindan | Critical |
This glossary is a direct extension of translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json established in the Romans baseline package. All “reuse exactly” terms above are non-negotiable per the hard rules governing this pipeline. All “NEW” terms are proposed for formal addition to translation memory at Phase 1 Step 3/4, carrying the risk tiers, rejected alternatives, and notes recorded here.
Critical Risk Terms
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: Wek adil hatin hesibandin
Transliteration: wek adil hatin hesibandin
Doctrine: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The verb root ‘hesibandin’ (to reckon/credit) established here is reused directly in 2 Corinthians 5:19’s reverse-direction imputation (sin not credited); see imputed_righteousness_mechanism below for the extension.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rizgarî
Transliteration: rizgarî
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Same political-nationalist liberation risk applies. In 2 Corinthians, activated at 1:6, 6:2 (‘day of salvation’), 7:10, and implicitly throughout ch. 5’s reconciliation argument; must always be anchored to personal, spiritual deliverance from sin.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Rabûn
Transliteration: rabûn
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2 Corinthians 4:14 and 5:1-5’s resurrection-hope argument. Must never be rendered with reincarnation-adjacent vocabulary; the indigenous Yazidi ‘kiras guhertin’ risk applies with added force alongside the ‘earthly tent’ / ‘building from God’ contrast in ch. 5.
Lord
Approved rendering: Xudan
Transliteration: Xudan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds Paul’s motive in 5:11 (‘the fear of the Lord’) and the 13:14 benediction (‘the grace of the Lord Jesus Christ’). Never softened from exclusive, supreme lordship.
Law
Approved rendering: Şerîeta Mûsa
Transliteration: Şerîeta Mûsa
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: Namûs
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the entire chapter 3 letter/Spirit, old-covenant argument. Never use bare ‘Şerîet’ or ‘Namûs’ (narrowed in Kurdish to family/female honor).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesîh
Transliteration: Mesîh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Appears throughout, including the 13:14 trinitarian benediction.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Îsa
Transliteration: Îsa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Content risk remains: the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative must be actively corrected, especially given this letter’s emphasis on Christ’s death and resurrection (4:14, 5:15) and the participatory ‘mirina Îsa’ language of 4:10.
God
Approved rendering: Xwedê
Transliteration: Xwedê
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never share this word with this curriculum’s new ‘god_of_this_age’ paraphrase (Satan’s title, 4:4) — see below; that entry is a mandatory forbidden-substitution boundary specific to this book.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the 13:14 benediction and active in 3:6, 17-18’s new-covenant ministry. Keep capitalized register distinct from this curriculum’s new lowercase ‘Ruh’ (spirit_life_giving) used only in the chapter 3 letter/Spirit argument.
Father
Approved rendering: Bav
Transliteration: Bav
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Father of mercies and God of all comfort’ (1:3) and ‘I will be a father to you’ (6:18).
God Of This Age
Approved rendering: serokê ruhanî yê vê dinyayê
Transliteration: serokê ruhanî yê vê dinyayê
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare in Ministry
Rejected alternatives: xwedayê vê dinê (bare literal noun-for-noun rendering)
Original: ὁ θεὸς τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: God
NEW. Paul’s title for Satan (4:4). NEVER render with ‘Xwedê,’ capitalized or not — the resulting ambiguity is blasphemy-adjacent. Mandatory descriptive paraphrase; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Spirit Life Giving
Approved rendering: Ruh
Transliteration: ruh
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πνεῦμα
Category: God
NEW. The life-giving principle of the new covenant (3:6, 17-18), lowercase to register distinct context from capitalized Ruhê Pîroz even though Paul theologically identifies the two. Scope strictly to 3:6 and 3:17-18; revert to Ruhê Pîroz everywhere else. Flag both usages for theologian review.
Made To Be Sin
Approved rendering: Xwedê ew kir mîna sûcdar
Transliteration: Xwedê ew kir mîna sûcdar
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: wî kir guneh (bare literal ‘he made him sin’)
Original: ἁμαρτίαν ἐποίησεν
Category: Christology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:21’s most theologically dense phrase. Bare literal rendering is explicitly rejected as catastrophically misleading, implying Christ became sinful in nature. Requires the expanded gloss plus mandatory translator’s expansion note at every occurrence; mandatory theologian review.
Imputed Righteousness Mechanism
Approved rendering: ne-hesibandina sûcan
Transliteration: ne-hesibandina sûcan
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: λογίζομαι (cf. Rom 4:3’s ἐλογίσθη)
Category: Salvation
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:19’s ‘not counting their trespasses,’ the reverse-direction application of the identical forensic-accounting verb root ‘hesibandin’ fixed in baseline’s imputed_righteousness. Must reuse this exact root so learners recognize doctrinal continuity between Romans 4 (righteousness credited) and 2 Corinthians 5 (sin not credited).
Day Of Salvation
Approved rendering: Roja Rizgariyê
Transliteration: Roja Rizgariyê
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: ἡμέρα σωτηρίας
Category: Salvation
NEW. ‘Now is the day of salvation’ (6:2). Uses baseline Rizgarî; same political-nationalist anchoring mandate applies with added urgency given the ‘now’ emphasis.
Freedom
Approved rendering: Azadî
Transliteration: azadî
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation
NEW. ‘Where the Spirit of the Lord is, there is freedom’ (3:17). Baseline-flagged companion term to ‘rizgarî’ at the very center of Kurdish political-nationalist liberation vocabulary; must never stand unqualified — always pair with ‘ji şerîetê’ (from the law) or ‘ji tewra guneh’ (from sin’s condemnation).
New Covenant
Approved rendering: Peymana Nû
Transliteration: Peymana Nû
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
NEW. 3:6, the covenant of the Spirit that gives life, contrasted with the letter that kills. The single sharpest collision point in the book with regional Islamic naskh (abrogation) doctrine; must be taught as an entirely different kind of covenant, never merely a corrective replacement.
Sincerity
Approved rendering: Rastdilî
Transliteration: rastdilî
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: îxlas/ikhlas-derived terms (forbidden)
Original: εἰλικρίνεια / ἁπλότης
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 1:12, 2:17 — purity of motive, transparent non-manipulative conduct. NEVER use any term derived from or evocative of Arabic ‘ikhlas’ (إخلاص), the title of Qur’an Sura 112, the foundational anti-Trinitarian, strict-tawhid sura (‘He begets not, nor is He begotten’). Treat as a Critical forbidden substitution on par with the baseline’s Namûs ban.
Grace Of Giving
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: χάρις
Category: Giving
NEW (extended sense of baseline Kerem). Chs. 8-9, the grace that produces generous giving. Sharpest collision: the Islamic pillar of zakat (obligatory, fixed-quota almsgiving) and related voluntary sadaqa. Paul’s argument — giving flows freely and joyfully from grace already received, with no fixed quota (8:12) — must be explicitly and repeatedly distinguished from an obligatory-pillar framework at every occurrence.
Power Made Perfect In Weakness
Approved rendering: hêz di qelsiyê de temam dibe
Transliteration: hêz di qelsiyê de temam dibe
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἡ δύναμις ἐν ἀσθενείᾳ τελεῖται
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 12:9, the theological center of the letter’s paradox. Runs directly against the honor-shame culture’s default valuation of visible strength, martial prowess, and status; must be explicitly and repeatedly taught, not simply translated, or Kurdish readers may quietly read past its countercultural force.
Signs Of An Apostle
Approved rendering: Nîşanên Şandîtiyê
Transliteration: Nîşanên Şandîtiyê
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: τὰ σημεῖα τοῦ ἀποστόλου
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 12:12, the miracles, signs, and wonders that authenticated Paul’s apostolic office. Direct collision with the Sufi keramet concept already flagged High-risk for baseline Kerem — miracle-signs marking an elevated spiritual master; sharper here since the passage explicitly ties signs to a claim of special spiritual authority. Teach as unique, unrepeatable confirmation of the foundational apostolic office.
Trinitarian Benediction
Approved rendering: Keremê Xudan Îsa Mesîh, evîna Xwedê, û hevaltiya Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: keremê Xudan Îsa Mesîh, evîna Xwedê, û hevaltiya Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: Trinity / Godhead
Original: ἡ χάρις τοῦ κυρίου Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ ἡ ἀγάπη τοῦ θεοῦ καὶ ἡ κοινωνία τοῦ ἁγίου πνεύματος
Category: God
NEW. 13:14, the clearest explicit trinitarian formula in the letter. Every component term must reuse the exact baseline rendering (Kerem, Xudan, Îsa, Mesîh, Xwedê, Ruhê Pîroz, Hevaltî) with no softening; the three-Person structure must remain visibly distinct and co-equal in Kurdish sentence structure, not collapsed into a single divine-agent formula.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Giving
Inherited from Romans package. Sufi ‘keramet’ risk applies as before. In 2 Corinthians this root is extended into the financial-generosity domain (chs. 8-9, see grace_of_giving below), adding a second, more consequential collision with the Islamic zakat/sadaqa framework; also underlies 12:9 ‘my grace is sufficient for you.‘
Faith
Approved rendering: Îman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 5:7, ‘we walk by faith, not by sight’ is the epistemological ground of the core passage’s argument; must remain personal trust in Christ, not creedal assent or evidentiary certainty.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Adalet
Transliteration: adalet
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Rastî
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2 Corinthians 5:21’s climactic ‘we become the righteousness of God in him’ — the mirror-image of Christ being made sin. Must preserve forensic, credited-status sense using the same hesibandin-rooted vocabulary as Romans, never a moral-improvement framing.
Saints
Approved rendering: Pîrozan
Transliteration: pîrozan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the epistolary greeting (2 Corinthians 1:1, ‘to all the saints in Achaia’); must not be rendered with a term implying the hereditary Sufi ‘pîr’ spiritual elite.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Teqdîs
Transliteration: teqdîs
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Pakkirin
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Corinthians 7:1, distinguish this technical Spirit-wrought process from the believer’s own responsive act named by ‘xwe paqij kirin’ (cleanse ourselves) — see cleanse_ourselves below.
Church
Approved rendering: Dêr
Transliteration: dêr
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Named in the letter’s opening (1:1); distinguish from this curriculum’s new ‘Perestgeha Xwedayê Zindî’ (temple of the living God, ch. 6), a related but distinct indwelling image.
Sin
Approved rendering: Guneh
Transliteration: guneh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Central to 5:21’s ‘made him to be sin’; distinct from this curriculum’s new ‘Sûc’ (trespass, a specific lapse) — see trespass below. Shares the region’s fitrah (innate purity) collision.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Peyman
Transliteration: peyman
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Root for this curriculum’s new compound ‘Peymana Nû’ (new covenant), the central term of chapter 3.
Abba
Approved rendering: Aba
Transliteration: Aba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly re-triggered in 2 Corinthians; retained for cross-curriculum consistency with the Father/Bav doctrine.
Knew No Sin
Approved rendering: yê ku guneh nizanibû
Transliteration: yê ku guneh nizanibû
Doctrine: Humanity and Sinlessness of Christ
Original: τὸν μὴ γνόντα ἁμαρτίαν
Category: Christology
NEW. 2 Corinthians 5:21’s affirmation of Christ’s real, full, historical humanity that was nonetheless entirely without moral fault — not docetic. Intersects with the region’s shared Quranic crucifixion-denial background.
Love
Approved rendering: Evîn
Transliteration: evîn
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christology
NEW. ‘The love of Christ controls us’ (5:14) — Christ’s own self-giving, sacrificial love. Kurdish classical Sufi poetry’s mystical lover/Beloved register is a resource for warmth but risks dissolving Christ’s specific, historical, once-for-all self-giving at the cross into generalized mystical romantic-divine love language.
Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Lihevanîn
Transliteration: lihevanîn
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Aştîkirin (collapses the reconciling act into the resulting state of peace)
Original: καταλλαγή
Category: Salvation
NEW. 5:18-19. Kurdish tribal lihevanî/aştîbûn customs are negotiated between two roughly equal offended parties via elder mediation with mutual concessions; must be explicitly distinguished from God’s own unilateral initiative through Christ’s death. Mandate a fixed accompanying clause at every first occurrence: ‘God himself began this reconciliation, not us.‘
Word Of Reconciliation
Approved rendering: Peyama Lihevanînê
Transliteration: Peyama Lihevanînê
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: ὁ λόγος τῆς καταλλαγῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW. 5:19, the content of gospel proclamation entrusted to believers. Compound of ‘peyam’ (message) + Lihevanînê; carries the reconciliation risk above, compounded.
Be Reconciled
Approved rendering: Bi Xwedê re bêne lihevanîn
Transliteration: Bi Xwedê re bêne lihevanîn
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Rejected alternatives: Xwe bi Xwedê re lihev bînin (active voice wrongly implies human-initiated reconciliation)
Original: καταλλάγητε τῷ θεῷ
Category: Salvation
NEW. 5:20’s imperative, grammatically passive in Greek. Passive/receptive voice must be preserved in Kurdish grammar; an active-reflexive rendering reverses Paul’s initiator logic and contradicts 5:18-19.
New Creation
Approved rendering: Afirandina Nû
Transliteration: Afirandina Nû
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation
NEW. 5:17, ‘if anyone is in Christ, he is a new creation.’ Risks assimilation into Sufi fana/baqa (mystical self-annihilation and rebirth in God) or Yazidi cyclical-renewal concepts; must be taught as one-time, definitive, forensic-and-relational, never repeatable or cyclical. Always pair with ‘di Mesîh de’ so the phrase never floats free as generic spiritual renewal.
In Christ
Approved rendering: di Mesîh de
Transliteration: di Mesîh de
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: ἐν Χριστῷ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Paul’s signature incorporative-union formula (5:17, 12:2, 13:5). Must be anchored to real, permanent spiritual union with the historical, risen Christ while preserving personal, creaturely distinctness — distinguished from Sufi wahdat al-wujud (‘unity of being’) absorption-into-the-divine concepts.
Transformed
Approved rendering: Veguherîn
Transliteration: veguherîn
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: μεταμορφόω
Category: Salvation
NEW. 3:18, believers ‘are being transformed into the same image’ of Christ’s glory. Shares a root-feel with the baseline-flagged Yazidi ‘kiras guhertin’ (reincarnation); must be anchored as a single, ongoing, Spirit-wrought inward transformation within one life, not a cyclical body-change.
Separate Imperative
Approved rendering: cuda bûn
Transliteration: cuda bûn
Doctrine: Church as God’s Dwelling
Original: ἀφορίζω
Category: Church
NEW. 6:17, ‘come out from among them, and be separate.’ Must be taught as refusal of idolatrous partnership specifically, not a general mandate for social withdrawal from family or community — a misreading with serious real-world safety consequences for converts given conversion’s severe social cost across several of the four host states.
Letter Of Law
Approved rendering: Nivîs
Transliteration: nivîs
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: γράμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW. 3:6, ‘the letter kills, but the Spirit gives life.’ Must never appear without its paired antonym Ruh (lowercase, spirit_life_giving) in the same sentence or immediate context, or it will read as a mere literacy metaphor.
Veil
Approved rendering: Perde
Transliteration: perde
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: κάλυμμα
Category: Covenant
NEW. 3:13-16, Moses’ veil and the veil over unbelieving hearts, removed only in Christ. ‘Perde’ is also the everyday Kurdish word for women’s religious head-covering; requires an explicit metaphor-marking gloss at first occurrence (‘perdeyek li ser hiş û dilî’ — a veil over the mind and heart).
Mirina Isa
Approved rendering: mirina Îsa
Transliteration: mirina Îsa
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: ἡ νέκρωσις τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Ministry
NEW. 4:10-11, apostolic suffering as participatory identification with Christ’s death. Must clarify this is participatory/representative suffering-with-Christ in ministry, not a claim of repeated or ongoing atoning death.
Judgment Seat Of Christ
Approved rendering: Kursiya Darazê ya Mesîh
Transliteration: Kursiya Darazê ya Mesîh
Doctrine: Assurance and Self-Examination
Original: τὸ βῆμα τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Ministry
NEW. 5:10, the tribunal where every believer’s works done in the body are evaluated for reward — the motive for sincere ministry (5:11). Must be distinguished from the region’s shared Islamic Yawm al-Din (single final Day of Judgment determining paradise/hell); this concerns already-saved believers’ works evaluated for reward, not a re-determination of salvation status.
Ambassador
Approved rendering: Nûner
Transliteration: nûner
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: πρεσβεύω
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 5:20, apostolic authority as official, authorized representation of Christ himself. A genuine linguistic asset via the KRG’s modern diplomatic usage (‘nûnertî’), but risks bureaucratic flattening or coded political-representation associations; Christ’s urgent personal appeal (‘we beg you’) must not be lost in a flattened diplomatic register — pair with ‘em bi germî lava dikin’ (we plead warmly).
Boasting
Approved rendering: Pesindan / serbilindî
Transliteration: pesindan / serbilindî
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: καύχημα / καυχάομαι
Category: Apostleship
NEW. Occurs throughout chs. 1, 5, 7-12. Kurdish tribal honor-shame culture prizes visible honor-display (namûs, şeref); Paul’s paradoxical, ironic use of boasting in chs. 10-12 runs directly counter to that default and must be taught explicitly as irony exposing false apostles, not genuine self-praise.
Cheerful Giver
Approved rendering: yê ku bi kefxweşî dide
Transliteration: yê ku bi kefxweşî dide
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἱλαρὸς δότης
Category: Giving
NEW. 9:7, ‘God loves a cheerful giver.’ Carries the same zakat/obligation-contrast risk as grace_of_giving; pair explicitly with the negation ‘ne ji ber neçarî an mecbûrî’ (not from necessity or compulsion) at first occurrence.
Weakness
Approved rendering: Qelsî
Transliteration: qelsî
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ἀσθένεια
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 11:30, 12:5, 9-10, 13:4. Countercultural against the tribal honor-shame default valuation of visible strength; also risks assimilation into Sufi ascetic-humility (fana) as a self-cultivated virtue if not anchored to the specific cross-shaped, God-imposed (not self-chosen) paradox of this letter.
Messenger Of Satan
Approved rendering: qasidê Şeytan
Transliteration: qasidê Şeytan
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: milyaketê Îblîs (implies a corrupted angelic being, conflicting with mainstream regional angelology)
Original: ἄγγελος σατανᾶ
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 12:7, the thorn personified as Satan’s agent. Use generic ‘qasid’ (messenger/agent), never ‘milyaket’ (angel), since mainstream regional angelology (shared Sunni/Yazidi/Yarsani) holds angels incapable of sin/rebellion.
False Apostles
Approved rendering: Şandiyên Derew
Transliteration: Şandiyên Derew
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ψευδαπόστολοι
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 11:13-15, those falsely claiming apostolic authority in Corinth. Parallels but must be distinguished from regional debates about the finality and authenticity of prophetic/messenger figures; concerns doctrinal fidelity to the one gospel of Christ, not a general cross-tradition framework.
Super Apostles
Approved rendering: Şandiyên “herî mezin”
Transliteration: Şandiyên herî mezin
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: οἱ ὑπερλίαν ἀπόστολοι
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 11:5, 12:11, Paul’s ironic title for self-exalting rival teachers. The ironic tone must be visibly marked (quotation marks or translator’s note) or Kurdish readers may take the title at face value as a genuine, higher category of apostle.
Angel Of Light
Approved rendering: milyaketê ronahiyê
Transliteration: milyaketê ronahiyê
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ἄγγελος φωτός
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 11:14, Satan’s capacity to disguise himself as a genuine being of light/holiness. Mainstream regional Islamic angelology holds angels incapable of sin/rebellion; may need brief explanatory framing to avoid being read as contradicting that background assumption.
Take Every Thought Captive
Approved rendering: her ramanek dîl girtin
Transliteration: her ramanek dîl girtin
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: αἰχμαλωτίζοντες πᾶν νόημα
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 10:5, the intellectual dimension of spiritual warfare. ‘Dîl’ (prisoner of war/captive) is emotionally loaded given regional history of real war captivity; the metaphor must be handled with sensitivity, not trivializing real captivity experiences.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Mizgînî
Transliteration: Mizgînî
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. A native Kurdish word for ‘good news.’ In 2 Corinthians, qualify as the specific NT proclamation where the Islamic Încîl/tahrif association is likely, especially near 4:3-4’s warning about a veiled or false gospel, and 11:4’s warning against ‘a different gospel.‘
Apostle
Approved rendering: Şandî
Transliteration: şandî
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Resûl
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Root for this curriculum’s new compound terms: Şandiyên Derew (false apostles), Şandiyên ‘herî mezin’ (super-apostles), and Nîşanên Şandîtiyê (signs of an apostle).
Holy
Approved rendering: Pîroz
Transliteration: pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied in 2 Corinthians to the ‘holy kiss’ (13:12) and generally to believers; qualifies ‘maçek pîroz’ as distinctly Christian and non-romantic.
Peace
Approved rendering: Aştî
Transliteration: aştî
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Used in the epistolary greeting (1:2) and closing exhortation (13:11).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Hevaltî
Transliteration: hevaltî
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:7 (shared suffering/comfort), 8:4 (shared giving), 13:13 (Spirit’s fellowship in the benediction). Secular ‘comrade’ echo caution still applies; context should disambiguate.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Ne-cihû
Transliteration: ne-cihû
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: Umet
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Background to Paul’s mixed-audience ministry and Jewish credentials (11:22-26).
Glory
Approved rendering: Rûmet
Transliteration: rûmet
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Central to chapter 3’s Moses’-veil contrast (fading vs. unfading glory) and 4:17’s ‘eternal weight of glory.’ Must anchor to Christ’s specific historical glory, not generalized Sufi mystical splendor.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Hêza Xwedê
Transliteration: hêza Xwedê
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: Power in Weakness
Inherited from Romans package. Root term for 4:7’s ‘treasure in jars of clay’ and elevated to Critical in the specific ‘power made perfect in weakness’ paradox context of 12:9 (see power_made_perfect_in_weakness below).
David
Approved rendering: Dawid
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in 2 Corinthians but underlies the Mosaic covenant background of chapter 3; retained for cross-curriculum consistency.
Israel
Approved rendering: Îsraîl
Transliteration: Îsraîl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Background to the Moses/veil narrative (3:7-15) and Paul’s Hebrew credentials (11:22).
Trespass
Approved rendering: Sûc
Transliteration: sûc
Doctrine: Reconciliation with God
Original: παράπτωμα
Category: Salvation
NEW. 5:19’s paraptōma, a specific moral lapse. Distinct nuance from baseline Guneh (the general condition of sin); preserve this distinction in translation.
Conscience
Approved rendering: Wîjdan
Transliteration: wîjdan
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Faith
NEW. 1:12, 4:2, 5:11 — Paul’s appeal to the inner moral faculty as a witness to his sincerity. Broadly compatible across traditions; tie specifically to Paul’s transparent conduct before God, not a generalized ethical sense. Add contextual qualifier ‘li ber Xwedê’ (before God) at first occurrence.
Fear Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Tirsa Xudan
Transliteration: Tirsa Xudan
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ὁ φόβος τοῦ κυρίου
Category: Faith
NEW. 5:10-11, Paul’s motive for sincere ministry: reverent accountability to Christ as future Judge. Broadly compatible with Islamic khawf Allah but must be taught as reverent accountability to the exclusive, supreme Xudan of 10:9, not generic piety or terror.
Cleanse Ourselves
Approved rendering: xwe paqij kirin
Transliteration: xwe paqij kirin
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 7:1, the believer’s active responsive self-cleansing ‘from every defilement of flesh and spirit.’ Distinct from baseline Teqdîs (the Spirit’s ongoing technical work); preserve this distinction in translation notes so it is not read as ritual purification.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Tobe
Transliteration: tobe
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Sorrow
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 7:9-10, godly grief ‘produces a repentance that leads to salvation without regret.’ Broadly compatible turning-from-sin concept shared across regional religious traditions; must be tied explicitly to genuine heart-change leading to salvation in Christ, not to ritual repentance-formula practices such as regional istighfar customs.
Godly Worldly Grief
Approved rendering: Xemgîniya li gorî Xwedê / Xemgîniya Dinê
Transliteration: xemgîniya li gorî Xwedê / xemgîniya dinê
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Sorrow
Original: λύπη κατὰ θεόν / λύπη τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Sanctification
NEW. 7:10’s central distinction: grief according to God produces repentance leading to salvation; worldly grief produces death. The distinction, not the vocabulary, carries the doctrinal weight; the qualifiers must never be dropped.
Church Temple Of Living God
Approved rendering: Perestgeha Xwedayê Zindî
Transliteration: Perestgeha Xwedayê Zindî
Doctrine: Church as God’s Dwelling
NEW. 6:16, the corporate body of believers as God’s indwelling dwelling place. Distinguish from baseline Dêr (church building/general community term) to avoid conflating this specific indwelling-temple image with the general institutional term.
Unequally Yoked
Approved rendering: bin nîrekê de bi hev re neyên girêdan
Transliteration: bin nîrekê de bi hev re neyên girêdan
Doctrine: Church as God’s Dwelling
Original: ἑτεροζυγέω
Category: Church
NEW. 6:14, agricultural metaphor for incompatible partnership between believers and unbelief/idolatry. Transfers naturally in Kurdistan’s historic agrarian/pastoral culture.
Guarantee Deposit
Approved rendering: Nîşana Peymanê
Transliteration: Nîşana Peymanê
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Original: ἀρραβών
Category: Covenant
NEW. 1:22 and 5:5, the Spirit as God’s legal down-payment guaranteeing the believer’s future inheritance/resurrection body. Requires explanatory anchoring as a binding legal/financial guarantee-concept, not merely a symbolic sign; ties to baseline Peyman.
Comfort
Approved rendering: Teselî
Transliteration: teselî
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: παράκλησις / παρακαλέω
Category: Ministry
NEW. 1:3-7, God’s active, personal comfort, received by Paul in affliction and passed on to others. Ensure surrounding verbs keep God as active giver, not a passive state of stoic resignation.
Affliction
Approved rendering: Tengasî
Transliteration: tengasî
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Ministry
NEW. 1:4, 8; 4:8-9; 6:4; 8:2; 11:23-29. Carries deep, real emotional resonance with the lived Kurdish experience of political persecution and displacement across four states — a genuine asset, but must be anchored specifically to suffering endured for Christ’s sake in ministry, always qualified with ‘ji ber Mizgîniyê’ (for the gospel’s sake).
Ministry
Approved rendering: Xizmet
Transliteration: xizmet
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
NEW. 3:6-9, 5:18, 6:3-4 — apostolic service, including the ministry of reconciliation entrusted to believers. Consistent with baseline doctrine-name usage.
Building From God
Approved rendering: Xaniyê ji Xwedê
Transliteration: Xaniyê ji Xwedê
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Original: οἰκοδομὴ ἐκ θεοῦ
Category: Ministry
NEW. 5:1, the resurrection body, a permanent heavenly dwelling not made with hands. Anchor as the believer’s certain future bodily hope, distinct from an abstract heavenly existence.
Eternal Weight Of Glory
Approved rendering: giraniya rûmeta herheyî
Transliteration: giraniya rûmeta herheyî
Doctrine: Suffering and Comfort in Ministry
Original: αἰώνιον βάρος δόξης
Category: Ministry
NEW. 4:17, the surpassing, lasting glory awaiting believers, contrasted with light, momentary affliction. Uses baseline Rûmet.
Sufficiency Competency
Approved rendering: jêhatî / têrbûn
Transliteration: jêhatî / têrbûn
Doctrine: Sincerity and Apostolic Authority
Original: ἱκανός / ἱκανότης
Category: Apostleship
NEW. 2:16, 3:5 — ‘Who is sufficient for these things?’ answered by ‘our sufficiency is from God.’ Ensure the divine-source point is retained, not read as innate human competence.
Generosity Liberality
Approved rendering: dilfirehî
Transliteration: dilfirehî
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Rejected alternatives: Rastdilî (reserved exclusively for the distinct ‘sincerity’ sense in chs. 1-2; never reused here)
Original: ἁπλότης
Category: Giving
NEW. 8:2, the same Greek lexeme (haplotēs) as 1:12’s ‘sincerity’ but a distinct sense here. Translators must recognize this as the same Greek word with a different meaning and select the context-appropriate Kurdish rendering, never one fixed gloss for both.
Equality
Approved rendering: Wekhevî
Transliteration: wekhevî
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἰσότης
Category: Giving
NEW. 8:13-14, fair balance between abundance and need. Could be misheard, given recent regional exposure to redistributive/socialist political rhetoric, as endorsing a general economic-equality mandate; anchor narrowly to mutual sufficiency within the church’s giving relationship.
Sufficiency Contentment
Approved rendering: têrbûn / bes bûn
Transliteration: têrbûn / bes bûn
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Giving
NEW. 9:8, God’s grace providing sufficiency in all things. Distinct Greek word (autarkeia) from sufficiency_competency (hikanos); keep as separate entries despite similar English gloss.
Thorn In Flesh
Approved rendering: stiriyek di goştê min de
Transliteration: stiriyek di goştê min de
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: σκόλοψ τῇ σαρκί
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 12:7, Paul’s unresolved persistent affliction, purposefully left by God to prevent pride.
Visions And Revelations
Approved rendering: dîtin û eşkerekirin
Transliteration: dîtin û eşkerekirin
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Original: ὀπτασίαι καὶ ἀποκαλύψεις
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 12:1-7, Paul’s reluctantly recounted third-heaven experience. Visionary/mystical claims are a live, respected category in regional Sufi kashf (‘unveiling’) tradition; Paul’s deliberate reluctance to boast must be preserved explicitly in surrounding narration.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Bihuştê Xwedê
Transliteration: Bihuştê Xwedê
Doctrine: Power in Weakness
Rejected alternatives: bare Buhişt/Cenet without a qualifier
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Power in Weakness
NEW. 12:4, the heavenly abode identified with the third heaven. Anchor as God’s own dwelling specifically via the mandatory ‘Xwedê’ qualifier, not left as an undifferentiated shared paradise-concept with regional Islamic eschatology.
Godly Jealousy
Approved rendering: çavnebariya li gorî Xwedê
Transliteration: çavnebariya li gorî Xwedê
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ζῆλος θεοῦ
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 11:2-3, Paul’s protective jealousy for the Corinthians’ undivided devotion. ‘Çavnebarî’ ordinarily carries negative connotations in Kurdish; requires the qualifier ‘li gorî Xwedê’ (godly) to avoid a purely negative reading.
Pure Virgin
Approved rendering: keçika safî/paqij
Transliteration: keçika safî/paqij
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: παρθένος ἁγνή
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 11:2, betrothal imagery: the church as a pure bride to be presented to Christ. Betrothal-purity imagery carries strong honor/family resonance in Kurdish culture; must remain a corporate-church metaphor, not over-literalized.
Peddling Gods Word
Approved rendering: firotina peyva Xwedê ji bo kar
Transliteration: firotina peyva Xwedê ji bo kar
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: καπηλεύω
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 2:17, hawking or adulterating God’s word for profit. Must be distinguished from ordinary, legitimate paid ministry support; this is a contrast term for false-teacher motive.
Weapons Of Warfare
Approved rendering: Çekên Şer
Transliteration: Çekên Şer
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: τὰ ὅπλα τῆς στρατείας
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 10:4, military metaphor for spiritual conflict. Kurdish history of prolonged armed resistance across the four states gives this metaphor unusually strong emotional resonance; must be firmly anchored as spiritual argument/persuasion, never literal or political militancy.
Strongholds
Approved rendering: Kelehên hiş / birca ramanan
Transliteration: kelehên hiş / birca ramanan
Doctrine: Genuine versus False Apostleship
Original: ὀχύρωμα
Category: False Apostleship
NEW. 10:4-5, fortified positions of entrenched false arguments/ideologies. Same military-resonance caution as weapons_of_warfare.
Examine Test Yourselves
Approved rendering: xwe biceribînin / xwe binirxînin
Transliteration: xwe biceribînin / xwe binirxînin
Doctrine: Assurance and Self-Examination
Original: ἑαυτοὺς πειράζετε / δοκιμάζετε
Category: Assurance
NEW. 13:5, the closing call to self-examine whether one is genuinely ‘in the faith.‘
Disqualified
Approved rendering: neserkeftî / neqebûl
Transliteration: neserkeftî / neqebûl
Doctrine: Assurance and Self-Examination
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Assurance
NEW. 13:5-7, failing the test of genuine faith — a warning, not a settled verdict on genuine believers. Must not be read as contradicting the baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine.
Forgive Interpersonal
Approved rendering: lêbûrîn
Transliteration: lêbûrîn
Doctrine: Repentance and Godly Sorrow
Original: χαρίζομαι
Category: Church
NEW. 2:7-10, corporate forgiveness of a repentant offender, modeling gospel forgiveness. Shares the same charis-family root as baseline Kerem; ensure this interpersonal forgiveness is taught as grace-shaped, not merely social politeness.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Spasî
Transliteration: spasî
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Ministry
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:11, 2:14, 4:15, 9:11-12.
Exhort
Approved rendering: Handan kirin
Transliteration: handan kirin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Ministry
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive per baseline (şîret kirin for beseeching; handan kirin for encouragement); occurs at 1:4, 7:6-7, 13:11.
Image
Approved rendering: Wêne
Transliteration: wêne
Doctrine: New Creation in Christ
Original: εἰκών
Category: Salvation
NEW. 3:18, Christ’s likeness, into which believers are progressively transformed. Low independent collision risk.
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: maçek pîroz
Transliteration: maçek pîroz
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. 13:12, a ritual greeting expressing familial affection among believers. Cheek-kiss greetings are culturally normal in Kurdish social custom; the qualifier ‘pîroz’ (holy) marks it as distinctly Christian and non-romantic.
Earthly Tent
Approved rendering: Konê Erdî
Transliteration: Konê Erdî
Doctrine: Resurrection Hope
Original: ἡ ἐπίγειος οἰκία τοῦ σκήνους
Category: Ministry
NEW. 5:1, the mortal body as a temporary dwelling. ‘Kon’ is the traditional nomadic tent, a strong positive resonance with historic Kurdish pastoral-nomadic culture.
Eagerness Readiness
Approved rendering: dilxwazî
Transliteration: dilxwazî
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: προθυμία
Category: Giving
NEW. 8:11-12, 9:2, voluntary eagerness of mind, the true measure of the gift’s value.
Sowing Reaping
Approved rendering: Çandin û Dirûn
Transliteration: çandin û dirûn
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: σπείρω / θερίζω
Category: Giving
NEW. 9:6, 10, agricultural metaphor: generous giving as sowing seed that yields an abundant harvest. Transfers naturally in Kurdistan’s agrarian culture.
Indescribable Gift
Approved rendering: diyariya ku bi peyvan nayê gotin
Transliteration: diyariya ku bi peyvan nayê gotin
Doctrine: Generosity and Grace in Giving
Original: ἀνεκδιήγητος δωρεά
Category: Giving
NEW. 9:15, Christ himself as God’s ultimate, indescribable gift, closing the giving discourse doxologically.
Referenced passages