Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Timothy — Kurdish (Kurmanji)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all four chapters of 2 Timothy. Terms already established in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked [REUSED] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there — no substitution permitted. Terms new to this curriculum are marked [NEW] and are proposed here for the first time; they must be added to translation_memory.json under version increment before Phase 2 translation begins.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework: Critical / High / Medium / Low.
1. Scripture, Inspiration, and Sufficiency
| Term (English) | Kurdish Rendering | Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Scripture | Nivîsara Pîroz | Nivîsara Pîroz | NEW | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | Must denote a bounded, complete, closed body of God-given writing; guard against being read as open-ended/superseded revelation |
| Sacred writings | Nivîsarên Pîroz | Nivîsarên Pîroz | NEW | High | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:15 | The OT texts known from Timothy’s childhood; must be anchored as fulfilled in Christ, not a separate parallel scripture |
| God-breathed | Xwedê-nefesandî | Xwedê-nefesandî | NEW | Critical | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | Native calque of θεόπνευστος, deliberately chosen over an “îlham”-rooted rendering to avoid conflation with the Qur’anic verbatim-dictation (wahy) model; requires explicit teaching that God moved human authors to write in their own voice |
| Complete / sufficient | Bêkêmasî | bêkêmasî | NEW | High | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17 | Risk of collision with regional naskh (abrogation) assumption that later revelation supersedes/completes Scripture; must be taught as Scripture’s own closed sufficiency |
| Man of God | Mirovê Xwedê | Mirovê Xwedê | NEW | Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:17 | |
| Sound/healthy doctrine | Hîndariya Saxlem | Hîndariya Saxlem | NEW | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 4:3; 1:13 | ”Saxlem” (healthy) metaphor is a native asset but risks flattening into rigid regional creedal (‘aqīda) formulations; teach as living, gospel-rooted, health-producing teaching |
| Teaching / doctrine | Hîndarî | hîndarî | NEW | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 3:16; 4:2 | Root term underlying Hîndariya Saxlem |
| Reproof | Sûcdarkirin | sûcdarkirin | NEW | Medium | Inspiration/Sufficiency; Charge to Preach | 3:16; 4:2 | |
| Correction | Rastkirin | rastkirin | NEW | Low-Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 | |
| Training/discipline | Perwerde | perwerde | NEW | Low-Medium | Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture | 3:16 |
2. The Deposit, Faithful Transmission, and the Charge to Preach
| Term (English) | Kurdish Rendering | Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Deposit / that which is entrusted | Spartî | spartî | NEW | High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 1:12, 1:14; 2:2 | Deliberately rejected the regional loanword emanet (Qur’anic al-amānah, Q33:72 — a broad cosmic-trusteeship doctrine); Spartî is a native coinage preserving Paul’s narrower sense: safeguarding and transmitting the specific apostolic gospel content |
| To entrust | Spartin | spartin | NEW | High | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:2 | The four-link transmission chain (Paul → Timothy → faithful men → others also) must be preserved clearly |
| Faithful/trustworthy people | Kesên pêbawer | kesên pêbawer | NEW | Medium | Faithful Transmission of the Gospel | 2:2 | πιστός here leans “reliable/trustworthy,” distinct nuance from Îman’s “believing” sense |
| To guard | Parastin | parastin | NEW | Medium | Guarding Sound Doctrine | 1:12, 1:14; 4:7 | |
| To preach / proclaim | Ragihandin (imperative: Ragihîne) | ragihandin | NEW | High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Reuses the root already embedded in baseline doctrine name “Ragihandina Mizgîniyê”; safety implications of public proclamation vary sharply across Turkey, Iraq, Iran, Syria |
| Herald / proclaimer | Ragihîner | ragihîner | NEW | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 1:11 | Agent noun, consistent with κηρύσσω root |
| The word (of God) | Peyva Xwedê | Peyva Xwedê | NEW | Medium-High | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Must not be confused with Johannine Logos-Christology; here denotes the apostolic gospel content/Scripture |
| Rightly handling (the word) | Rast bi kar anîn (a peyva rastiyê) | rast bi kar anîn | NEW | Medium-High | Guarding Sound Doctrine; Faithful Transmission | 2:15 | |
| Teacher | Mamoste | mamoste | NEW | Low | — | 1:11 | Standard native word |
| Work of an evangelist | Karê mizgînvanekî | karê mizgînvanekî | NEW | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 | Built on baseline Mizgînî root; use “mizgînvan” consistently as the agent-noun for “evangelist” across the curriculum |
| Ministry / service | Xizmet | xizmet | NEW | Low | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:5 | |
| Exhort | Handan kirin | handan kirin | [REUSED] | Low | Mutual Edification | 4:2 | Reused exactly from Romans baseline |
3. Perseverance, Suffering, and Political-Vocabulary Collisions
| Term (English) | Kurdish Rendering | Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Endurance / perseverance | Berxwedan | berxwedan | NEW | Critical | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:10, 2:12 | ”Berxwedan” is THE established Kurdish word for political resistance/steadfastness (used of the Kurdish resistance movement broadly, e.g. the Kobanê resistance) across all four host states. This is a collision of the same magnitude as baseline’s Rizgarî: must always be explicitly anchored to spiritual endurance in Christ for the gospel’s sake, never left to default toward ethnic-political resistance vocabulary |
| Suffer hardship / endure affliction | Zehmetî kişandin | zehmetî kişandin | NEW | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:8; 2:3, 2:9; 4:5 | Must be anchored specifically to suffering for the gospel, distinct from generalized fatalistic trial-endurance (regional bela/sabr framework) |
| Persecuted | Çewisandin | çewisandin | NEW | Critical | Perseverance under Suffering; Apostasy | 3:12 | Also the standard word for historical/ongoing ethnic-political persecution of Kurds across Turkey, Iran, Syria, Iraq; must anchor the persecution in view to identification with Christ specifically, while honestly acknowledging real differing risk levels by host state |
| Poured out (as a sacrifice/offering) | Ez wek goriyekê têm rijandin | wek goriyekê hatin rijandin | NEW | Critical | Perseverance under Suffering; Assurance of Reward | 4:6 | ”Gorî” (sacrifice/offering) is central to Kurdish nationalist martyrdom vocabulary (şehîd, fedayî); Paul’s self-giving unto death must be anchored to union with Christ’s self-giving, not assimilated into political martyrdom tradition |
| Soldier (metaphor) | Esker / Leşker | esker | NEW | High | Perseverance under Suffering | 2:3-4 | Must NEVER be rendered as peşmerge (Kurdish nationalist militia fighter); use a neutral generic word and make the spiritual, non-literal-military sense explicit |
| Sober-minded / watchful | Hişyar be | hişyar bûn | NEW | Low | Perseverance under Suffering | 4:5 | |
| Patience (toward people) | Sebir | sebir | NEW | Medium | The Charge to Preach the Word | 4:2 | Asset-with-anchor: overlaps positively with Islamic sabr, a major regional virtue category |
| Be ashamed | Şermezar bûn | şermezar bûn | NEW | Medium-High | Perseverance under Suffering | 1:8, 1:12, 1:16 | Kurdish honor-shame social dynamics require this term’s force to land fully, not be softened |
4. Sound Doctrine vs. Apostasy and False Teachers
| Term (English) | Kurdish Rendering | Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Last days | Rojên Dawî | Rojên Dawî | NEW | High | Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days | 3:1 | Must be anchored to NT inaugurated eschatology, not the region’s distinct Islamic end-times framework (Qiyāmah, al-Mahdi/al-Dajjāl) or Kurdish millenarian movements |
| Godliness | Xwedêperestî | Xwedêperestî | NEW | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3:5 | Risk of conflation with outward religious observance as the primary devotion-marker; text specifically critiques form-without-power |
| Godlessness | Bêxwedatî | bêxwedatî | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2:16 | |
| Form of godliness | Dirûvê xwedêperestiyê | dirûvê xwedêperestiyê | NEW | High | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3:5 | Diagnostic marker: correct external form without transformative power |
| Deceiver / impostor | Xapînok | xapînok | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 3:13 | Deliberately NOT “cadûger” (sorcerer), which would invoke folk-magic/occult connotations foreign to the text’s actual point |
| Myths / fables | Efsane | efsane | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4:4 | Care needed: Kurdish oral epic tradition (dengbêj, Mem û Zîn) is culturally cherished; this term targets theological fabrication, not storytelling generally |
| Turn away (from truth) | Rû li aliyekî din zivirandin | rû zivirandin | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4:4 | |
| Wander off / be turned aside | Ji rêya rast derketin | ji rêya rast derketin | NEW | Medium-High | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4:4 | |
| Itching ears (idiom) | Guhên ku her tiştî dixwazin bibihîzin | — | NEW | Low-Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4:3 | Idiom translated by sense; literal itch-image may be retained with gloss |
| Deny | Înkar kirin | înkar kirin | NEW | Medium-High | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2:12; 3:5 | |
| Satan / devil | Şeytan | Şeytan | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2:26 | Widely shared regional figure across traditions; broadly compatible conceptually |
| Snare (of the devil) | Dafik | dafik | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 2:26 | |
| Resurrection already occurred (false teaching) | Rabûn jixwe qewimiye (henceforth denied) | — | NEW | High | Apostasy; Resurrection | 2:18 | Case study of over-realized eschatology; reuses baseline Rabûn — must clarify this is a denial of future bodily resurrection |
| Truth | Rastî | rastî | NEW | Medium | Apostasy and False Teachers | 4:4 | Some overlap with Islamic divine name al-Ḥaqq (“The Truth”); anchor to the specific apostolic gospel content |
5. Assurance of Reward and Christ’s Return
| Term (English) | Kurdish Rendering | Transliteration | Status | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passage(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Appearing / manifestation | Xuyabûn | Xuyabûn | NEW | Critical | Assurance of Reward; Christology (Incarnation/Sonship, reused doctrines) | 1:10; 4:1, 4:8 | Same collision profile as baseline incarnation/son_of_god: Yazidi successive-manifestation belief and Sufi wahdat al-wujud both risk assimilating Christ’s appearing(s) into a recurring pattern rather than his unique incarnation (past) and unrepeatable return (future); disambiguate first/second appearing at every occurrence |
| Crown of righteousness | Tacê Adaletê | Tacê Adaletê | NEW | High | Assurance of Reward | 4:8 | Στέφανος = victor’s wreath, not a royal diadem; Kurdish “tac” (crown) risks entangling with Critical political-statehood sensitivity around “Kingdom of God”; teach as an athletic reward image, not royal/national, and as grace-enabled, not earned by merit |
| Righteous Judge | Dadgerê Adil | Dadgerê Adil | NEW | High | Assurance of Reward; Deity of Christ | 4:1, 4:8 | Ties directly to baseline Critical doctrine deity_of_christ: Christ exercises the divine prerogative of final judgment |
| Judge (verb) | Dadgerî kirin | dadgerî kirin | NEW | Critical | Deity of Christ (reused) | 4:1 | Judging “the living and the dead” is a divine prerogative attributed to Christ Jesus |
| Reward / repay | Xelat / (Xudan) wê bide | xelat | NEW | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 4:8, 4:14 | Must not be read as salvation-by-merit; reward is for faithful service after salvation, not a means of earning it — preserves baseline’s Critical grace-vs-merit distinction |
| Rescued (from the lion’s mouth) | Xilas kirin | xilas kirin | NEW | Medium | Assurance of Reward; Providence | 4:17 | Close synonym of, but must be kept distinct from, the technical soteriological term Rizgarî |
| Fought the good fight / finished the race / kept the faith | Min pêşbirka baş kir, pêşbaziya xwe qedand, Îmana xwe parast | — | NEW | Medium-High | Assurance of Reward | 4:7 | Athletic/military imagery must remain clearly metaphorical given Kurdish lived experience of literal armed struggle |
| Contest / fight (metaphor) | Pêşbirk | pêşbirk | NEW | Medium | Assurance of Reward | 4:7 | |
| Race (metaphor) | Pêşbazî | pêşbazî | NEW | Low | Assurance of Reward | 4:7 | |
| Mercy | Dilovanî | dilovanî | NEW | Medium | (Salutation formula) | 1:2, 1:16, 1:18 | Positive asset-overlap with Islamic raḥma; anchor to God’s mercy shown specifically in Christ |
| Departure (euphemism for death) | Çûyîna min (ji vê jiyanê) | — | NEW | Low-Medium | Assurance of Reward | 4:6 | Standard euphemism |
6. Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline (translation_memory.json)
| Term (English) | Kurdish Rendering (baseline) | Risk (baseline) | Key 2 Timothy Passage(s) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel | Mizgînî | Medium | throughout; 1:8, 1:10, 2:8 |
| Grace | Kerem | High | 1:2, 1:9, 2:1 |
| Faith | Îman | High | 1:5, 1:13, 2:18, 2:22, 3:15, 4:7 |
| Righteousness | Adalet | Critical | 2:22; 3:16; 4:8 |
| Salvation | Rizgarî | Critical | 1:9; 2:10; 3:15; 4:18 |
| Apostle | Şandî | Medium | 1:1, 1:11 |
| Called / Calling | Bangkirî / Vexwendin | High | 1:9 |
| Holy | Pîroz | Medium | 1:9; 3:15 |
| Sanctification | Teqdîs | High | (thematic; not a distinct lexeme in 2 Tim, but doctrine applies) |
| Resurrection | Rabûn | Critical | 2:8, 2:18 |
| Lord | Xudan | Critical | throughout |
| Peace | Aştî | Medium | 1:2; 2:22 |
| Spiritual gifts | Diyariyên Giyanî | Medium | 1:6 |
| Thanksgiving | Spasî | Low | 1:3 |
| Kingdom of God | Padîşahiya Xwedê | Critical | 4:1, 4:18 |
| Sin | Guneh | High | 3:6 |
| Gentiles | Ne-cihû | Medium | 4:17 |
| Glory | Rûmet | Medium | 1:12 (implied, “amanet”); 4:18 |
| Power of God | Hêza Xwedê | Medium | 1:8 |
| Messiah/Christ | Mesîh | Critical | throughout |
| Election | Hilbijartin | High | 2:10 |
| Providence | Rêveberiya Xwedê | Medium | 1:9 |
| Mission | Peywira Mizgîniyê | High | 4:5, 4:17 |
| David | Dawid | Medium | 2:8 |
| Jesus | Îsa | Critical | throughout |
| God | Xwedê | Critical | throughout |
| Holy Spirit | Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | 1:14 |
| Father | Bav | Critical | 1:2 |
| Exhort | Handan kirin | Low | 4:2 |
| Seed of David | Dûndana Dawid | High | 2:8 |
No Phase-2 segment may substitute an alternative rendering for any term in this section; the Romans baseline rendering is binding.
7. Chapters Reviewed with No New Load-Bearing Vocabulary
None. Every chapter of 2 Timothy (1–4) contributed at least one new load-bearing term or a significant reuse-with-new-nuance of a baseline term, as documented above and in 07_semantic_analysis.md. Full-book coverage is confirmed complete: Chapter 1 (§ sections above), Chapter 2 (§ sections above), Chapter 3:1–13 and 3:14–4:5 core passage (§ sections above), Chapter 4:6–22 (§ sections above).
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (version increment required) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Timothy begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rizgarî
Transliteration: rizgarî
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: rizgarî is the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political nationalism across all four host states. Every 2 Timothy occurrence (1:9; 2:10; 3:15; 4:18) must be anchored to Christ’s personal, spiritual deliverance from sin, never left to default toward national liberation. 4:18’s ‘save me…into his heavenly kingdom’ is a key anchor point where the ‘heavenly’ qualifier must be retained. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Rabûn
Transliteration: rabûn
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: shares the Quran’s crucifixion-denial with the region’s Sunni majority; the Yazidi doctrine of reincarnation (‘kiras guhertin’) creates a distinct conflation risk. In 2 Timothy 2:8 (Christ’s resurrection) and 2:18 (the false teaching that ‘the resurrection has already occurred’) both uses require explicit, careful handling. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Lord
Approved rendering: Xudan
Transliteration: Xudan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: applying supreme, exclusive Lordship to Jesus is the deity claim itself and must not be softened. Occurs throughout 2 Timothy (1:2, 1:8, 1:16, 1:18; 2:19, 2:22, 2:24; 4:8, 4:14, 4:17-18, 4:22). (Inherited from Romans package.)
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Padîşahiya Xwedê
Transliteration: padîşahiya Xwedê
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
CRITICAL: risks being heard as validating Kurdish national statehood aspirations. In 2 Timothy 4:1 and especially 4:18 (‘bring me safely into his heavenly kingdom’), the qualifier ‘heavenly’ (ezmanî) must always be retained and stressed as the explicit safeguard. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesîh
Transliteration: Mesîh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: carries the same pre-loaded Quranic content as Arabic’s al-Masih. Used throughout 2 Timothy as part of the title ‘Christ Jesus.’ (Inherited from Romans package.)
Jesus
Approved rendering: Îsa
Transliteration: Îsa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: the Qur’anic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative associated with ‘Îsa’ must be actively corrected wherever this name occurs, including throughout 2 Timothy in the title ‘Christ Jesus.’ (Inherited from Romans package.)
God
Approved rendering: Xwedê
Transliteration: Xwedê
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Original: θεός
Category: God
CRITICAL: strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception denoted by the same word. Invoked throughout 2 Timothy, including Paul’s solemn charge ‘in the presence of God and of Christ Jesus’ (4:1). (Inherited from Romans package.)
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
CRITICAL: the created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction from the Quranic Jibril identification must be made explicit. 2 Timothy 1:14, who dwells in believers and helps guard the deposit. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Father
Approved rendering: Bav
Transliteration: Bav
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
CRITICAL: shares the region’s tawhid-anthropomorphism objection to Father-language for God. Invoked in 2 Timothy 1:2’s salutation. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Scripture
Approved rendering: Nivîsara Pîroz
Transliteration: Nivîsara Pîroz
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: πᾶσα γραφή
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 3:16, ‘all Scripture.’ Must denote a bounded, complete, closed body of divinely given writing; guard against being read as open-ended or superseded by a later, corrective revelation per the regional naskh (abrogation) assumption.
God Breathed
Approved rendering: Xwedê-nefesandî
Transliteration: Xwedê-nefesandî
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: Îlhamî (îlham-rooted rendering)
Original: θεόπνευστος
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 3:16, θεόπνευστος. Native calque deliberately chosen over an îlham-rooted rendering, which would import the Qur’anic wahy model of verbatim divine dictation through Gabriel. Requires an explicit teaching gloss at every occurrence, since it is a neologism the audience has not previously encountered.
Endurance Perseverance
Approved rendering: Berxwedan
Transliteration: berxwedan
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: ὑπομένω / ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 2:10, 2:12. ‘Berxwedan’ is THE established Kurdish word for political/ethnic resistance across all four host states (e.g., the Kobanê resistance). Must always be explicitly anchored to spiritual endurance in Christ for the gospel’s sake (‘ji bo Mizgîniyê’ / ‘di Mesîh de’), never left bare, to prevent it defaulting to ethnic-political resistance vocabulary.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: Çewisandin
Transliteration: çewisandin
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: διώκω
Category: Perseverance
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 3:12, ‘all who desire to live godly in Christ Jesus will be persecuted.’ ‘Çewisandin’ is also the standard vocabulary describing historical and ongoing state persecution of Kurds as an ethnic-political group. Every occurrence must anchor the persecution in view to identification with Christ specifically, while honestly acknowledging the differing real-world stakes across the four host states.
Poured Out Sacrifice
Approved rendering: Wek Goriyekê Hatin Rijandin
Transliteration: wek goriyekê hatin rijandin
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σπένδομαι
Category: Perseverance
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 4:6, σπένδομαι. ‘Gorî’ (sacrifice/offering) is central to Kurdish nationalist martyrdom vocabulary (şehîd, fedayî, ‘canê xwe gorî kirin’). Paul’s voluntary self-giving unto death for the gospel must be explicitly anchored to union with Christ’s own self-giving, never assimilated into the regional tradition of national political martyrdom.
Appearing
Approved rendering: Xuyabûn
Transliteration: Xuyabûn
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 1:10; 4:1, 4:8, ἐπιφάνεια. Shares the collision profile of the baseline incarnation/son_of_god entries: Yazidi belief in successive divine manifestations through holy human figures, and Sufi wahdat al-wujud, both risk assimilating Christ’s appearing(s) into a recurring pattern rather than his unique incarnation (past) and unrepeatable, decisive return (future). Disambiguate first/second appearing at every occurrence and stress non-repeatability.
Judge Verb
Approved rendering: Dadgerî Kirin
Transliteration: dadgerî kirin
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (as Judge)
Original: κρίνω
Category: Christology
CRITICAL: 2 Timothy 4:1, κρίνω. Attributing universal judgment of ‘the living and the dead’ directly to Christ Jesus asserts his full deity, resisted on the same tawhid grounds documented for the baseline’s deity_of_christ entry; must never be softened to a merely evaluative or advisory sense.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Kurdistan’s rich Sufi heritage uses the cognate ‘keramet’ for miracles granted specifically to elevated Sufi saints as marks of spiritual rank. Using kerem for grace risks implying an elite, hierarchical favor rather than Paul’s point that grace is freely given to all who believe. In 2 Timothy 1:9 (‘not because of our works but because of his own purpose and grace, which he gave us in Christ Jesus before the ages began’) this works-negating clause must be preserved with full force. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Faith
Approved rendering: Îman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Shares the region’s Sunni six-pillars creedal structure. Must be anchored as personal trust in Christ, not creedal assent to a list of propositions. In 2 Timothy 1:5, 3:15, and 4:7, always anchor to Christ as the object of trust, exemplified in Timothy’s inherited family faith. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Adalet
Transliteration: adalet
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Rastî
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Rastî is too thin for Paul’s weighty forensic sense. Adalet carries the necessary legal-moral weight. In 2 Timothy 3:16 and 2:22, the sense is sanctification-oriented conduct; in 4:8 (‘the crown of righteousness’) it names the eschatological reward. Neither use should be confused with the forensic imputed-righteousness sense; clarify by translator note where needed. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Called
Approved rendering: Bangkirî
Transliteration: bangkirî
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλήσει
Category: Salvation
In 2 Timothy 1:9, God’s holy calling given by grace, not works; the direction of address (God calling a person) must be explicit. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Teqdîs
Transliteration: teqdîs
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Pakkirin
Original: ἁγιασμός (thematic)
Category: Sanctification
Pakkirin risks reading as ritual cleanliness; teqdîs keeps the specific theological sense of the Spirit’s ongoing moral transformation. Thematically present in 2 Timothy 2:22’s call to pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace after fleeing youthful passions. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Sin
Approved rendering: Guneh
Transliteration: guneh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Shares the region’s Islamic fitrah (innate purity) doctrine risk. 2 Timothy 3:6 describes people ‘heaped up with sins.’ (Inherited from Romans package.)
Election
Approved rendering: Hilbijartin
Transliteration: hilbijartin
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Also the standard modern word for democratic elections; God’s sovereign choosing must not be heard as a vote. In 2 Timothy 2:10 (‘for the sake of the elect’), occurs in close proximity to Berxwedan and Gorî-adjacent language, compounding risk of a political-nationalist reading of the whole unit (2:10-12). (Inherited from Romans package.)
Mission
Approved rendering: Peywira Mizgîniyê
Transliteration: peywira Mizgîniyê
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: διακονία / ἀποστολή (thematic)
Category: Church
Kurdish spans four state jurisdictions with meaningfully different religious-freedom environments; material using this term needs country-aware framing. 2 Timothy 4:5, 4:17. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: Dûndana Dawid
Transliteration: dûndana Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ἐκ σπέρματος Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Conveys physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment. In 2 Timothy 2:8, part of Paul’s compact gospel summary (‘Jesus Christ, risen from the dead, the offspring of David’), alongside Rabûn. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Sacred Writings
Approved rendering: Nivîsarên Pîroz
Transliteration: Nivîsarên Pîroz
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἱερὰ γράμματα
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:15, the OT writings known to Timothy from childhood. Must be anchored as fulfilled in Christ, not a separate rival scripture; also touches the regional tahrif (corruption) assumption applied to prior scriptures.
Sufficiency Of Scripture
Approved rendering: Bêkêmasî
Transliteration: bêkêmasî
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἄρτιος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17, ἄρτιος (‘complete, lacking nothing’). Risks collision with the regional naskh (abrogation) assumption that later revelation supersedes and completes earlier revelation; must be taught as Scripture’s own closed, self-sufficient completeness.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: Hîndariya Saxlem
Transliteration: Hîndariya Saxlem
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 4:3, cf. 1:13. The ‘healthy body’ metaphor (saxlem) is a vivid native asset but risks flattening into a rigid, fixed creedal-recitation checklist resembling regional Sunni ‘aqīda formulations; must be taught as living, gospel-rooted teaching producing spiritual vitality, not mere correct recitation. New fixed compound; use identically at every occurrence.
Deposit
Approved rendering: Spartî
Transliteration: Spartî
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Rejected alternatives: Emanet
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14. Deliberately rendered with a native coinage rather than the Arabic loanword ‘emanet,’ which carries the much broader Qur’anic doctrine of al-amānah (Q33:72, humanity’s cosmic trusteeship). Spartî preserves Paul’s narrower sense: guarding and passing on the specific apostolic gospel content. Requires a first-use gloss.
Entrust
Approved rendering: Spartin
Transliteration: spartin
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Rejected alternatives: Emanet kirin
Original: παρατίθημι
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 2:2. This is the clearest textual anchor for the Faithful Transmission doctrine’s four-link chain (Paul, Timothy, faithful men, others also); the chain must be preserved distinctly, not collapsed. Root shared with Spartî.
Preach
Approved rendering: Ragihandin
Transliteration: ragihandin
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2 (imperative: Ragihîne). Must retain the sense of authoritative herald-proclamation, not private opinion-sharing; safety implications of public gospel proclamation vary sharply across Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria, so ministry material using this term needs country-aware framing.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: Peyva Xwedê
Transliteration: Peyva Xwedê
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: ὁ λόγος
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2. Must not be confused with the distinct Johannine Logos-Christology title for Christ himself; here it denotes the apostolic gospel content and Scripture described in 3:14-17. Translator note required if John’s Gospel is in the same curriculum set.
Rightly Handling
Approved rendering: Rast Bikaranîna Peyva Rastiyê
Transliteration: rast bikaranîna peyva rastiyê
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: ὀρθοτομέω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 2:15, ὀρθοτομέω. No single Kurdish word conveys this craftsman (‘cutting straight’) metaphor; use this fixed periphrasis identically at every occurrence. Ties to both Guarding Sound Doctrine and Faithful Transmission of the Gospel.
Suffer Hardship
Approved rendering: Zehmetî Kişandin
Transliteration: zehmetî kişandin
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: κακοπαθέω
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 1:8; 2:3, 2:9; 4:5, κακοπαθέω. Must be anchored specifically to suffering borne for the gospel’s sake, distinct from generalized fatalistic suffering-as-trial (regional bela/sabr framework); must reckon honestly with differing real persecution risk across Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria.
Soldier
Approved rendering: Esker
Transliteration: esker
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Rejected alternatives: Peşmerge
Original: στρατιώτης
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 2:3-4, στρατιώτης. Must NEVER be rendered as ‘peşmerge’ (Kurdish nationalist militia fighter), which would import a politically loaded, ethnically specific military identity foreign to Paul’s point. Use only this neutral, generic word, and make the metaphor’s spiritual, non-political character explicit.
Be Ashamed
Approved rendering: Şermezar Bûn
Transliteration: şermezar bûn
Doctrine: Christian Suffering and Shame
Original: ἐπαισχύνομαι
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 1:8, 1:12, 1:16, ἐπαισχύνομαι. Kurdish social life carries strong honor-shame dynamics; the force of refusing public shame regarding the gospel must land with its full cultural weight, not be flattened into mild embarrassment.
Last Days
Approved rendering: Rojên Dawî
Transliteration: Rojên Dawî
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἔσχαται ἡμέραι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:1. Must be anchored to the NT’s inaugurated (whole-church-age) eschatology, not the region’s own richly developed Islamic end-times framework (Qiyāmah, al-Mahdi/al-Dajjāl) or Kurdish millenarian movements.
Godliness
Approved rendering: Xwedêperestî
Transliteration: Xwedêperestî
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:5, εὐσέβεια. Risks conflation with the region’s strong emphasis on outward religious observance as the primary devotion-marker; always pair with explicit contrast to inward, Spirit-empowered transformation.
Form Of Godliness
Approved rendering: Dirûvê Xwedêperestiyê
Transliteration: Dirûvê Xwedêperestiyê
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:5, μόρφωσις εὐσεβείας. Diagnostic marker for false teachers: correct external form without transformative power. Must be taught as a specific critique of hollow outward religiosity, not a general dismissal of religious practice as such.
Resurrection Denial
Approved rendering: Rabûn Jixwe Qewimiye (tê Înkar Kirin)
Transliteration: rabûn jixwe qewimiye
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀνάστασιν ἤδη γεγονέναι
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:17-18, the named heresy of Hymenaeus and Philetus. Reuses baseline Critical term Rabûn; must clarify this is a denial of future bodily resurrection disguised as an over-realized claim, never presented as an acceptable alternative reading. Sentence-level clarity is required so the phrase is not misheard as the text affirming the claim rather than refuting it.
Righteous Judge
Approved rendering: Dadgerê Adil
Transliteration: Dadgerê Adil
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ δίκαιος κριτής
Category: Christology
2 Timothy 4:8, ὁ δίκαιος κριτής. Ties directly to the baseline Critical doctrine of the Deity of Christ: Christ exercises the divine prerogative of righteous, final judgment, which must never be softened to a merely honorific title.
Crown Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: Tacê Adaletê
Transliteration: Tacê Adaletê
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:8, ὁ τῆς δικαιοσύνης στέφανος. Greek stephanos denotes a victor’s wreath, distinct from a royal diadem; Kurdish ‘tac’ most naturally evokes royal/political kingship imagery, risking entanglement with the Critical political sensitivity documented around Kingdom of God and Kurdish statehood aspirations. Must be taught as an athletic victor’s reward image, never royal or national, and as grace-enabled rather than earned by merit.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: Evîn
Transliteration: Evîn
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
2 Timothy 2:22, ἀγάπη. ‘Evîn’ is Kurdish classical Sufi poetry’s (Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) preferred term for intimate/mystical love; a genuine warmth asset, but risks merging agapē’s self-giving, covenantal sense with the lover-beloved mystical-union register of Sufi devotional poetry. Anchoring to Christ’s self-giving pattern, not romantic/mystical union, is required.
Remains Faithful
Approved rendering: Ew Her Dilsoz Dimîne
Transliteration: ew her dilsoz dimîne
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Faithfulness
2 Timothy 2:13, πιστὸς μένει, from the ‘trustworthy saying’ of 2:11-13. Describes God’s own unchanging character, distinct from the human-response sense normally carried by Îman; must not be collapsed into human faithfulness, and must be taught against the region’s general discomfort with certainty regarding final salvation, since this assurance rests on God’s character alone.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Mizgînî
Transliteration: Mizgînî
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
A native Kurdish word for ‘good news,’ not an Arabic loanword like Injil - a genuine linguistic asset. Some readers will also know Încîl via shared Islamic vocabulary, carrying the same tahrif (corruption) assumption found regionally; qualify as the specific NT record when that association is likely. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Apostle
Approved rendering: Şandî
Transliteration: şandî
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Resûl
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
A native Kurdish word avoiding collision with Muhammad’s Rasul Allah title. Paul’s self-identification in 2 Timothy 1:1, 1:11. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Calling
Approved rendering: Vexwendin
Transliteration: vexwendin
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
A native compound word for invitation; must convey a sovereign summons, not human-initiated seeking. Combines with Pîroz in 2 Timothy 1:9’s ‘holy calling.’ (Inherited from Romans package.)
Holy
Approved rendering: Pîroz
Transliteration: pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγία
Category: Sanctification
Standard native Kurdish word for holy/sacred. Used of the ‘holy calling’ (1:9) and the ‘sacred writings’ (3:15, Nivîsarên Pîroz) in 2 Timothy. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Peace
Approved rendering: Aştî
Transliteration: aştî
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Aştî’s resonance with real, hard-won regional peace processes is a genuine asset once anchored to its theological sense. In 2 Timothy 1:2 (salutation) and 2:22 (virtue to be pursued). (Inherited from Romans package.)
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Diyariyên Giyanî
Transliteration: diyariyên giyanî
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Always retain giyanî (spiritual) so the phrase is not read as ordinary talent. Root for 2 Timothy 1:6’s ‘Diyariya Xwedê’ (Timothy’s specific gift). (Inherited from Romans package.)
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Ne-cihû
Transliteration: ne-cihû
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: Umet
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Umet carries the loaded pan-Islamic community sense; ‘ne-cihû’ avoids that association. 2 Timothy 4:17, Paul rescued ‘so that all the Gentiles might hear.’ (Inherited from Romans package.)
Glory
Approved rendering: Rûmet
Transliteration: rûmet
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Must be anchored to Christ’s specific glory, not left as generalized mystical splendor drawn from Kurdish Sufi devotional poetry. Used in 2 Timothy 2:10 and the closing doxology of 4:18. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Hêza Xwedê
Transliteration: hêza Xwedê
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Broadly compatible concept; low collision risk beyond standard care. 2 Timothy 1:7-8, contrasted with ‘a spirit of fear.’ (Inherited from Romans package.)
Providence
Approved rendering: Rêveberiya Xwedê
Transliteration: rêveberiya Xwedê
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρόθεσις
Category: God
God’s personal, purposive governance; keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism. Underlies 2 Timothy 1:9’s ‘his own purpose’ (Mebest) and 4:17’s rescue account. (Inherited from Romans package.)
David
Approved rendering: Dawid
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Shared, positively-regarded Quranic prophet-king figure; supply the covenant-king typology explicitly. 2 Timothy 2:8. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Man Of God
Approved rendering: Mirovê Xwedê
Transliteration: Mirovê Xwedê
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ὁ τοῦ θεοῦ ἄνθρωπος
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:17. Standard descriptive title with broad positive overlap; low ambiguity risk beyond consistency of usage.
Teaching
Approved rendering: Hîndarî
Transliteration: hîndarî
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: διδασκαλία / διδαχή
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16; 4:2. Root term underlying Hîndariya Saxlem; must not be read as narrow rote catechesis alone.
Reproof
Approved rendering: Sûcdarkirin
Transliteration: sûcdarkirin
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐλεγμός
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16; 4:2, ἐλεγμός. Standard corrective-ministry term; moderate risk of softening into mere criticism rather than conviction of fault.
Faithful People
Approved rendering: Kesên Pêbawer
Transliteration: kesên pêbawer
Doctrine: Faithful Transmission of the Gospel
Original: πιστοὶ ἄνθρωποι
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 2:2. πιστός here leans toward ‘trustworthy/reliable’ rather than the baseline ‘believing’ sense carried by Îman; context should clarify this distinct nuance.
Guard
Approved rendering: Parastin
Transliteration: parastin
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: φυλάσσω
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:12, 1:14; 4:7. Standard protective-custody term; moderate risk of being read as passive preservation rather than active defense against corruption, so should be paired in teaching material with active-defense framing.
Herald
Approved rendering: Ragihîner
Transliteration: ragihîner
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: κῆρυξ
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:11, one of Paul’s three ministry offices (herald, apostle, teacher). Agent noun consistent with the Ragihandin root.
Evangelist
Approved rendering: Mizgînvan
Transliteration: mizgînvan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: εὐαγγελιστής
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5, ‘the work of an evangelist’ (Karê Mizgînvanekî). Built on the baseline Mizgînî root; use this agent-noun consistently across the curriculum for this ministry role.
Patience
Approved rendering: Sebir
Transliteration: sebir
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:2, μακροθυμία. Asset-with-anchor: overlaps positively with Islamic sabr, a major regional virtue category; must be anchored specifically to patient gospel ministry toward others, not generalized stoic endurance of fate. Use only for this patience-toward-people sense, never substituted for Berxwedan’s endurance-under-persecution sense.
Witness Testimony
Approved rendering: Şahidî
Transliteration: şahidî
Doctrine: Christian Suffering and Shame
Original: μαρτύριον
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:8, μαρτύριον. The apostolic testimony about Christ, which Timothy must not be ashamed of. Risk chiefly bound up with the be_ashamed entry’s honor-shame dynamics.
Gift Charisma
Approved rendering: Diyariya Xwedê
Transliteration: Diyariya Xwedê
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 1:6, Timothy’s specific ministry gift received through the laying on of Paul’s hands. Built on the baseline Diyariyên Giyanî root; must retain the giyanî (spiritual) sense so it is not read as natural talent.
Spirit Of Fear
Approved rendering: Ruhê Tirsonekiyê
Transliteration: Ruhê Tirsonekiyê
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: πνεῦμα δειλίας
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 1:7. Must be clearly distinguished from Ruhê Pîroz (Holy Spirit, baseline Critical term); this is a human disposition, not the divine Person.
Godlessness
Approved rendering: Bêxwedatî
Transliteration: bêxwedatî
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:16, ἀσέβεια. Standard negation term; the destination of unchecked false teaching.
Deceiver Impostor
Approved rendering: Xapînok
Transliteration: xapînok
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Rejected alternatives: Cadûger
Original: γόης
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 3:13, γόης. Deliberately not rendered as ‘cadûger’ (sorcerer/magic-worker), which would invoke regional folk beliefs about jinn and literal magic and misdirect the passage’s actual point of doctrinal deception.
Myths Fables
Approved rendering: Efsane
Transliteration: efsane
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μῦθος
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4, μῦθος. Kurdish oral tradition (dengbêj bardic storytelling, Ehmedê Xanî’s Mem û Zîn) holds legendary narrative in high esteem; teaching material must clarify the referent is specifically theological fabrication presented as truth, not narrative art generally.
Truth
Approved rendering: Rastî
Transliteration: rastî
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:4, ἀλήθεια. Potential overlap with the Islamic divine name al-Ḥaqq (‘The Truth’); anchor to the specific apostolic gospel content rather than generic philosophical or religious truth.
Satan
Approved rendering: Şeytan
Transliteration: Şeytan
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: διάβολος
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:26, διάβολος. Widely shared figure across regional Judeo-Christian-Islamic tradition; broadly compatible conceptually, low-to-medium collision risk. Keep as a proper name rather than paraphrasing.
Snare
Approved rendering: Dafik
Transliteration: dafik
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: παγίς
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:26, παγίς. Standard imagery term for a trap set by the devil through false teaching.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Tobe
Transliteration: tobe
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:25, μετάνοια. Asset-with-anchor: Islamic tawba is a well-developed, positive regional concept; must be tied specifically here to recognizing the gospel truth about Christ, not generic ritual repentance.
Reward
Approved rendering: Xelat
Transliteration: xelat
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀποδίδωμι
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:8, 4:14, ἀποδίδωμι. Must not be read as salvation-by-merit; reward is for faithful service after salvation by grace, preserving the baseline’s grace-versus-merit distinction.
Rescued
Approved rendering: Xilas Kirin
Transliteration: xilas kirin
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ῥύομαι
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:17, ῥύομαι, ‘rescued from the lion’s mouth.’ Close synonym of, but must be kept distinct from, the technical soteriological term Rizgarî; here it denotes a specific physical/providential rescue illustrating God’s care.
Finished The Race
Approved rendering: Pêşbaziya Xwe Qedandin
Transliteration: pêşbaziya xwe qedandin
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: τὸν δρόμον τετέλεκα
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:7. Athletic/military imagery must remain clearly metaphorical given the prominence of literal armed struggle (peşmerge, historical guerrilla resistance) in Kurdish lived experience across all four host states.
Immortality
Approved rendering: Nemirî
Transliteration: nemirî
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀφθαρσία
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 1:10, ἀφθαρσία. Risk of collapsing into a generic ‘immortal soul’ concept detached from bodily resurrection (baseline Critical term Rabûn); must be taught as resurrection-life specifically.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Dilovanî
Transliteration: dilovanî
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
2 Timothy 1:2, 1:16, 1:18, ἔλεος. Positive overlap asset with Islamic rahma (invoked in Bismillah al-Raḥmān al-Raḥīm); genuine bridge-point, but must remain tied to God’s mercy shown specifically in Christ.
Servant Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Xulamê Xudan
Transliteration: Xulamê Xudan
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
2 Timothy 2:24, δοῦλος Κυρίου. Genuine asset: the Islamic self-designation ‘abd Allāh (servant/slave of God) is a positive, foundational regional category, giving this image real resonance, provided Xudan’s exclusive, supreme Lordship is not thereby diluted. Reuses baseline Xudan exactly.
Contest Fight
Approved rendering: Pêşbirk
Transliteration: pêşbirk
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:7, ὁ ἀγών, ‘the good fight/contest.’ Athletic-contest metaphor; keep clearly non-literal given the prominence of literal armed struggle in Kurdish lived experience.
Hymenaeus
Approved rendering: Hîmenayos
Transliteration: Hîmenayos
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
2 Timothy 2:17, named false teacher who taught the resurrection had already occurred. Must remain clearly identifiable as a specific historical individual, not a generic ‘heretic’ label.
Philetus
Approved rendering: Filêtos
Transliteration: Filêtos
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
2 Timothy 2:17, named alongside Hymenaeus as a specific false teacher.
Demas
Approved rendering: Dêmas
Transliteration: Dêmas
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
2 Timothy 4:10, named as one who deserted Paul, ‘in love with this present world.’ Do not soften or generalize this as an anonymous example.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: Spasî
Transliteration: spasî
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία / εὐχαριστῶ
Category: Faith
Standard term with broad positive overlap; low risk. 2 Timothy 1:3. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Exhort
Approved rendering: Handan kirin
Transliteration: handan kirin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Context here favors the ‘encourage/build up’ sense. 2 Timothy 4:2, one of the ministry functions Timothy must exercise. (Inherited from Romans package.)
Correction
Approved rendering: Rastkirin
Transliteration: rastkirin
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: ἐπανόρθωσις
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, ἐπανόρθωσις. Standard corrective term; low independent doctrinal risk.
Training Discipline
Approved rendering: Perwerde
Transliteration: perwerde
Doctrine: Inspiration and Sufficiency of Scripture
Original: παιδεία
Category: Scripture
2 Timothy 3:16, παιδεία. Standard formation term; low independent doctrinal risk.
Ministry Service
Approved rendering: Xizmet
Transliteration: xizmet
Doctrine: The Charge to Preach the Word
Original: διακονία
Category: Ministry
2 Timothy 4:5, διακονία. Standard term; low independent doctrinal risk.
Sober Minded
Approved rendering: Hişyar Bûn
Transliteration: hişyar bûn
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: νήφω
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 4:5, νήφω. Standard watchfulness term; low independent doctrinal risk.
Self Control
Approved rendering: Hişmendî
Transliteration: hişmendî
Doctrine: Perseverance under Suffering
Original: σωφρονισμός
Category: Perseverance
2 Timothy 1:7, σωφρονισμός. Standard virtue term; low independent doctrinal risk.
Itching Ears
Approved rendering: Guhên ku Her Tiştî Dixwazin Bibihîzin
Transliteration: guhên ku her tiştî dixwazin bibihîzin
Doctrine: Apostasy and False Teachers in the Last Days
Original: κνηθόμενοι τὴν ἀκοήν
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 4:3, idiom for a craving to hear novel, flattering, or entertaining teaching rather than sound truth. Translate by sense; the itch-image may be retained with a brief gloss if desired.
Foundation
Approved rendering: Bingeh
Transliteration: bingeh
Doctrine: Guarding Sound Doctrine
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Apostasy
2 Timothy 2:19, θεμέλιος. Standard architectural metaphor for God’s household’s stability despite false teaching; low independent doctrinal risk.
Departure
Approved rendering: Çûyîna Min
Transliteration: çûyîna min
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
Original: ἀνάλυσις
Category: Eschatology
2 Timothy 4:6, ἀνάλυσις, a euphemism for death. Standard euphemism; low independent doctrinal risk.
Youthful Passions
Approved rendering: Hewesên Xortaniyê
Transliteration: hewesên xortaniyê
Doctrine: Sanctification
2 Timothy 2:22, νεωτερικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι. Timothy is told to flee these and pursue righteousness, faith, love, and peace instead. Low independent doctrinal risk.
Race Metaphor
Approved rendering: Pêşbazî
Transliteration: pêşbazî
Doctrine: Assurance of Reward
2 Timothy 4:7, ὁ δρόμος, ‘the race.’ Standard athletic metaphor; low independent doctrinal risk beyond the finished_the_race entry’s caution.
Timothy
Approved rendering: Timotêos
Transliteration: Timotêos
Doctrine: Proper Name
Recipient of the letter throughout. Transliterated per Kitêba Pîroz-aligned Greek-name adaptation convention, consistent with ‘Pawlos.‘
Lois
Approved rendering: Lois
Transliteration: Lois
Doctrine: Generational Faith Transmission
2 Timothy 1:5, Timothy’s grandmother. Unadapted; low collision risk, no natural Kurdish phonological conflict.
Eunice
Approved rendering: Eunîke
Transliteration: Eunîke
Doctrine: Generational Faith Transmission
2 Timothy 1:5, Timothy’s mother. Adapted for Kurmanji pronunciation ease.
Onesiphorus
Approved rendering: Onêsîforos
Transliteration: Onêsîforos
Doctrine: Proper Name
1:16-18, 4:19. Retain full form; avoid shortening that could obscure identity across cross-references.
Crescens
Approved rendering: Kreskens
Transliteration: Kreskens
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:10.
Titus
Approved rendering: Tîtos
Transliteration: Tîtos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:10. Note: if the epistle Titus is later added to this curriculum, this same form must be reused for consistency.
Luke Proper Name
Approved rendering: Lûqa
Transliteration: Lûqa
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:11. If a Luke-Acts curriculum exists elsewhere in this project, confirm this matches that rendering.
Mark Proper Name
Approved rendering: Marqos
Transliteration: Marqos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:11.
Tychicus
Approved rendering: Tîkîkos
Transliteration: Tîkîkos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:12.
Carpus
Approved rendering: Karpos
Transliteration: Karpos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:13.
Alexander Coppersmith
Approved rendering: Aleksander
Transliteration: Aleksander
Doctrine: Proper Name
Rejected alternatives: Îskender
2 Timothy 4:14, ‘Alexander the coppersmith did me great harm.’ ‘Îskender’ rejected because in regional usage it more often specifically evokes Alexander the Great/Islamic Dhul-Qarnayn associations, an avoidable collision for this minor historical figure.
Prisca Priscilla
Approved rendering: Priska
Transliteration: Priska
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:19.
Aquila
Approved rendering: Akwîla
Transliteration: Akwîla
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:19.
Erastus
Approved rendering: Erastos
Transliteration: Erastos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:20.
Trophimus
Approved rendering: Trofîmos
Transliteration: Trofîmos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:20.
Eubulus
Approved rendering: Ewbûlos
Transliteration: Ewbûlos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:21.
Pudens
Approved rendering: Pudens
Transliteration: Pudens
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:21.
Linus
Approved rendering: Lînos
Transliteration: Lînos
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:21.
Claudia
Approved rendering: Klawdiya
Transliteration: Klawdiya
Doctrine: Proper Name
2 Timothy 4:21.
Miletus
Approved rendering: Mîletos
Transliteration: Mîletos
Doctrine: Proper Name (Place)
2 Timothy 4:20, place name.
Troas
Approved rendering: Troas
Transliteration: Troas
Doctrine: Proper Name (Place)
2 Timothy 4:13, place name.
Galatia
Approved rendering: Galatya
Transliteration: Galatya
Doctrine: Proper Name (Place)
2 Timothy 4:10, place name.
Dalmatia
Approved rendering: Dalmatya
Transliteration: Dalmatya
Doctrine: Proper Name (Place)
2 Timothy 4:10, place name.
Ephesus
Approved rendering: Efesus
Transliteration: Efesus
Doctrine: Proper Name (Place)
2 Timothy 1:18, 4:12, place name. Confirm alignment with any existing Acts/Ephesians curriculum rendering already in the broader project.
Referenced passages