Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 2 Peter (English → Kurdish)
This glossary covers every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning 2 Peter 1-3. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE — REUSE EXACTLY] and carry their established rendering and risk tier unchanged. New terms proposed for this curriculum are marked [NEW] and require formal confirmation and entry into translation memory before Phase 2 translation begins.
Section 1: Reused Baseline Terms Activated in 2 Peter
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Kurdish (baseline) | Risk | Chapters | Note on 2 Peter-specific activation |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός / theos | Xwedê | Critical | 1, 2, 3 | 1:1-2 pairs with Savior title; 1:17 “God the Father” |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς / Iēsous | Îsa | Critical | 1, 2, 3 | Throughout; paired with Savior/Lord titles |
| Christ / Messiah | Χριστός / Christos | Mesîh | Critical | 1, 2, 3 | Throughout |
| Lord | κύριος / kyrios | Xudan | Critical | 1, 2, 3 | 1:16 “our Lord Jesus Christ”; 3:10 “Day of the Lord” |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον / Pneuma Hagion | Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | 1 | 1:21 — the core passage’s inspiration climax |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ / huios theou | Kurê Xwedê | Critical | 1 | 1:17, the Father’s own Transfiguration declaration |
| Holy | ἅγιος / hagios | Pîroz | High | 1, 3 | 1:18 “holy mountain”; 3:11 “holy conduct” |
| Faith | πίστις / pistis | Îman | High | 1 | 1:1 “faith of equal standing” |
| Grace | χάρις / charis | Kerem | High | 1, 3 | 1:2; 3:18 closing exhortation |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη / dikaiosynē | Adalet | Critical | 1, 2, 3 | 2:5 “preacher of righteousness” (Noah); 2:21 “way of righteousness”; 3:13 “in which righteousness dwells” |
| Salvation | σωτηρία / sōtēria | Rizgarî | Critical | 3 | 3:15 “patience of our Lord is salvation” |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος / apostolos | Şandî | Medium | 1 | 1:1 self-designation |
| Calling | κλῆσις / klēsis | Vexwendin | High | 1 | 1:10 |
| Called / Election | κλητός, ἐκλογή | Bangkirî / Hilbijartin | High | 1 | 1:10 “make your calling and election sure” |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Padîşahiya Xwedê | Critical | 1 | 1:11 “eternal kingdom of our Lord and Savior” |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | Hêza Xwedê | Medium | 1 | 1:3, 1:16 |
| Prophet / Prophecy | προφήτης, προφητεία | Pêxember / Pêxemberî | Low-High* | 1, 2, 3 | Core passage 1:19-21; *risk rises to High in this curriculum given direct false-prophet contrast in ch. 2 |
| Peace | εἰρήνη / eirēnē | Aştî | Medium | 1 | 1:2 salutation |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία / hamartia | Guneh | High | 2 | 2:14 “cannot cease from sin” |
| Father | πατήρ / patēr | Bav | Critical | 1 | 1:17 “God the Father” |
Section 2: New Terms Introduced by 2 Peter
| Term | Greek / Translit. | Literal Meaning | Kurdish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Chapters | Rationale / Rejected Alternatives |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ / sōtēr | one who saves/rescues | Rizgarker | Critical | Deity of Christ; Salvation | 1, 2, 3 | 1:1’s single-article “God and Savior” construction asserts Christ’s deity; “Rizgarker” compounds baseline’s rizgarî nationalist-liberation risk by applying it as a personal title to Jesus — must always be anchored personally/spiritually, never heroic-nationalist |
| Divine Nature | θεία φύσις / theia physis | God’s own essence/nature | Xwezaya Xwedayî | Critical | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1 | Risk of assimilation into Sufi wahdat al-wujud (unity of being) or Yazidi divine-manifestation belief, implying ontological merger with God rather than moral transformation/participation while remaining creature |
| Corruption | φθορά / phthora | decay, ruin, moral depravity | Xirabûn | High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 1, 2 | Must be distinguished from ritual/ceremonial impurity; this is moral-cosmic decay tied to sin and death |
| Virtue | ἀρετή / aretē | moral excellence | Fezîlet | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1 | Risk of being read as a Sufi maqamat (stations) ladder of spiritual ascent rather than fruit growing from grace already granted |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια / eusebeia | piety, reverence toward God | Xwedaparêzî | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1, 3 | Parallels Islamic taqwa (God-consciousness/piety); must be anchored as Spirit-produced fruit of relationship with Christ, not law-achieved piety |
| Knowledge (full/relational) | ἐπίγνωσις / epignōsis | deep, personal knowing | Nasîn | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture; Growing in Christian Virtue | 1, 2, 3 | Risk of collision with Sufi ma’rifa (mystical gnosis reserved for advanced initiates); must be taught as available to all believers via Scripture, not an esoteric elite attainment |
| Knowledge (general) | γνῶσις / gnōsis | cognitive knowing, information | Zanîn | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1, 3 | Paired with Nasîn; distinguishes bare information from relational knowledge of God |
| Self-control | ἐγκράτεια / enkrateia | inner mastery, self-restraint | Xwerêvebirin | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1 | Positive overlap-asset with jihad al-nafs (struggle against the lower self); teach as Spirit-produced fruit, not self-achieved ascetic merit |
| Endurance / Perseverance | ὑπομονή / hypomonē | remaining under, steadfastness | Domdarî | High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1 | ”Berxwedan” (the natural Kurdish word) is saturated with Kurdish political/military resistance connotation (e.g., Berxwedana Kobanê); rejected in favor of the more neutral Domdarî to avoid political-resistance framing of personal spiritual endurance |
| Brotherly Affection | φιλαδελφία / philadelphia | love of brothers | Hezkirina Biran | Medium-High | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1 | Must be distinguished from tribal/aşîret blood-kinship brotherhood; this is spiritual family across lineage |
| Love | ἀγάπη / agapē | selfless, willed, committed love | Evîn | Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 1 | Kurdish Sufi poetry’s lover/beloved mystical register (Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) must not be imported into this ethical-communal context |
| Servant / Bondservant | δοῦλος / doulos | slave, one wholly owned | Xulam | Medium | — (self-designation) | 1 | Pairs with despotēs (Master); humble total-ownership self-designation |
| Cunningly Devised Fables | σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις | cleverly contrived myths | çîrokên serdest hatine çêkirin | Low-Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1 | Contrast term to eyewitness testimony |
| Coming / Second Coming | παρουσία / parousia | arrival, official visitation, presence | Hatina Xudan | Critical | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1, 3 | Collides with the specific Islamic hadith doctrine of Isa’s own return (as a prophet vindicating Islam, not the divine Judge); must be explicitly distinguished at every occurrence |
| Eyewitnesses | ἐπόπται / epoptai | those who have seen firsthand | şahidên bi çavên xwe dîtine | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1 | Emphasize ordinary sensory witness, not mystical-vision (kashf) framework |
| Majesty | μεγαλειότης / megaleiotēs | greatness, splendor of a sovereign | Mezinahî | Medium | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1 | Kept distinct from Rûmet (glory) so the text’s two related glory-words are not collapsed |
| Honor | τιμή / timē | worth, esteem, price | Rêz / Qedr | Medium | Deity of Christ | 1 | Paired with Rûmet (glory) at Transfiguration |
| Prophetic Word (confirmed) | βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον | the prophetic word made more sure | peyva pêxemberî ya hîn pirtir pêbawer | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1 | The central textual claim that Scripture’s certainty exceeds even eyewitness religious experience; comparative force must be preserved |
| Morning Star | φωσφόρος / phōsphoros | light-bearer, Venus as morning star | Stêrka Sibê | Medium | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 1 | Messianic title anticipating Christ’s return (cf. Rev 22:16); not merely astronomical |
| Private Interpretation | ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως | one’s own releasing/interpreting | şîroveya kesane | High | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1 | Must not be taught as endorsing an ulama/tafsir-style interpretive monopoly, nor as denying human authorial voice (see “borne along” below); concerns the origin, not later readership, of prophecy |
| Borne Along (by the Spirit) | ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι | carried/driven along (ship-by-wind image) | ji hêla Ruhê Pîroz ve hatin birin | Critical | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1 | Must not collapse into the Islamic wahy/tanzīl verbatim-dictation model; the Spirit superintends through, not despite, each author’s own faculties and voice — the crux of the core passage |
| Scripture / Writing | γραφή / graphē | writing, sacred text | Nivîsara Pîroz | Medium | Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | 1, 3 | Consistent with “Kitêba Pîroz” naming convention |
| False Prophet / False Teacher | ψευδοπροφήτης / ψευδοδιδάσκαλος | one falsely claiming prophetic/teaching authority | Pêxemberê Derewîn / Mamosteyê Derewîn | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2 | Must be scoped as intra-church polemic (arising “among you”), not an adjudication of Muhammad’s or Islam’s prophetic claims |
| Destructive Heresies | αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας | destructive schools/factions | baweriyên şaş ên wêrankar | Medium-High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2 | — |
| Master / Sovereign Owner | δεσπότης / despotēs | absolute owner/master of a household | Serwer | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment; Deity of Christ | 2 | Deliberately distinct from Xudan (kyrios) and from Xwedan/Xwedî (whose root overlaps confusingly with Xwedê); preserves the “bought/redeemed” ownership claim over even apostates |
| Destruction / Perdition | ἀπώλεια / apōleia | ruin, perishing | Helakbûn | High | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 2, 3 | Communicate severe, final judgment; flag nuance (annihilation vs. ongoing ruin) for theologian review rather than resolving unilaterally in translation |
| Cast into Tartarus / Hell | ταρταρόω / tartaroō | cast into the underworld (Tartarus) | avêtin Dojehê | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 2 | ”Dojeh” (native Iranian-root term) preferred over “Cehenem” (Quranic Arabic loanword), mirroring the Xwedê-over-Allah precedent, to avoid importing full Quranic afterlife theology into a verse about fallen angels |
| Flood | κατακλυσμός / kataklysmos | deluge | Tofan | Medium | False Teachers and Their Judgment (typology) | 2 | Positive shared-story overlap with Quran’s Noah account (Surah Nūḥ); the future-fire-judgment typology must still be taught explicitly |
| The Way (of truth / of Balaam / straight) | ὁδός / hodos | road, path, way | Rê / Riya Rast | High | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2 | Overlaps with Islamic aş-şirāṭ al-mustaqīm and Sufi ṭarīqa; must be anchored explicitly to the apostolic gospel and Christ |
| Liberty / Freedom (false promise) | ἐλευθερία / eleutheria | freedom | Azadî | Critical | False Teachers and Their Judgment | 2 | Companion term to Rizgarî in Kurdish nationalist-liberation vocabulary (per baseline); false teachers’ promise of azadî must be anchored strictly to personal moral bondage to sin, with explicit disclaiming of any bearing on political freedom aspirations |
| Pollutions / Defilements | μιάσματα / miasmata | filth, moral defilement | Qirêjî | Medium-High | Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | 2 | Risk of being read as ritual/ceremonial impurity (parallel to najāsa) rather than moral corruption of worldly sin |
| Scoffers | ἐμπαῖκται / empaiktai | mockers | Tinazkar | Medium | The Certainty of Christ’s Return | 3 | — |
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα κυρίου / hēmera kyriou | the Lord’s day of judgment | Roja Xudan | Critical | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3 | Positive point of contact with Islamic Yawm ad-Dīn, but must be anchored specifically to Christ’s own personal return as divine Judge |
| Patience / Longsuffering (God’s) | μακροθυμία / makrothymia | long-temperedness, forbearance | Bîhnfirehî | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3 | ”Sebir” (the common Arabic-loan term) rejected for this specific sense: it flattens God’s deliberate, purposeful delay of judgment for repentance into generic praise of patient endurance, a heavily weighted Islamic virtue-term |
| Repentance | μετάνοια / metanoia | a change of mind/heart | Poşmanî | High | Patience of God’s Timing | 3 | Distinguished from Islamic tawba’s structured legal-process model; biblical metanoia is a Spirit-enabled turn to God through Christ specifically |
| New Heavens and New Earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν | the renewed cosmos | Ezmanên Nû û Erdê Nû | Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3 | Distinguished from a separate, otherworldly Islamic Paradise/Jannah; this is the renewal of THIS created order |
| Elements | στοιχεῖα / stoicheia | basic components of the cosmos | Hêmanên Cîhanê | Low-Medium | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3 | Primarily cosmological; no major regional collision |
| Thief (day of the Lord as) | κλέπτης / kleptēs | thief | Diz | Low | The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | 3 | Point is suddenness/unpredictability, not injustice |
| Steadfastness | στηριγμός / stērigmos | firm standing | Xurtbûn | Low-Medium | Growing in Christian Virtue | 3 | — |
Section 3: Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference
| Doctrine | Primary Terms (this glossary) | Overall Risk |
|---|---|---|
| The Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture | Borne Along, Private Interpretation, Prophetic Word (confirmed), Eyewitnesses, Scripture, Cunningly Devised Fables | Critical |
| Growing in Christian Virtue | Virtue, Godliness, Knowledge (epignōsis/gnōsis), Self-Control, Endurance, Brotherly Affection, Love, Steadfastness | High |
| False Teachers and Their Judgment | False Prophet/Teacher, Destructive Heresies, Master/Sovereign Owner, The Way, Liberty (false promise), Pollutions | High |
| The Certainty of Christ’s Return | Coming/Parousia, Majesty, Morning Star, Scoffers | Critical |
| The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment | Day of the Lord, Destruction/Perdition, Cast into Tartarus/Hell, New Heavens and New Earth, Elements, Thief | Critical |
| Patience of God’s Timing | Patience/Longsuffering, Repentance | High |
| Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption | Divine Nature, Corruption | Critical |
Section 4: Terms Requiring Mandatory Human Theologian Review (Critical tier, this curriculum)
Rizgarker (Savior) · Xwezaya Xwedayî (Divine Nature) · Hatina Xudan (Parousia/Coming) · ji hêla Ruhê Pîroz ve hatin birin (Borne Along by the Spirit) · avêtin Dojehê (cast into Tartarus/Hell) · Azadî (Liberty, false promise) · Roja Xudan (Day of the Lord) · plus all baseline Critical terms reused herein (Xwedê, Îsa, Mesîh, Xudan, Ruhê Pîroz, Kurê Xwedê, Adalet, Rizgarî, Padîşahiya Xwedê, Bav).
Section 5: Terms Requiring Native Speaker Review (High tier, this curriculum)
Fezîlet (Virtue) · Xwedaparêzî (Godliness) · Nasîn (epignōsis) · Domdarî (Endurance) · peyva pêxemberî ya hîn pirtir pêbawer (Prophetic Word confirmed) · şîroveya kesane (Private Interpretation) · Pêxemberê Derewîn/Mamosteyê Derewîn (False Prophet/Teacher) · Serwer (Master/despotēs) · Helakbûn (Destruction) · Rê/Riya Rast (The Way) · Bîhnfirehî (Patience) · Poşmanî (Repentance) · Xirabûn (Corruption) · plus baseline High terms reused (Îman, Kerem, Vexwendin, Bangkirî, Hilbijartin, Pêxember/Pêxemberî, Guneh).
This glossary must be loaded alongside translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json before any Phase 2 segment translation of 2 Peter begins. All [NEW] terms require Phase 1 Step 8 confirmation and formal translation_memory.json entry (version increment) prior to use.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Xwedê
Transliteration: Xwedê
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 2 Peter 1:1’s single-article ‘our God and Savior’ construction (deity of Christ) and 1:17 ‘God the Father.’ Strict tawhid theology must remain distinguished from the Trinitarian referent.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Îsa
Transliteration: Îsa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Peter 1-3 paired with Lord, Christ, and Savior titles; the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative must be actively corrected at every occurrence.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesîh
Transliteration: Mesîh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Inherited from Romans package. Used throughout 2 Peter; carries the same pre-loaded Quranic al-Masih content plus Alevi/Yarsani divinely-guided-figure comparisons where relevant to the audience.
Lord
Approved rendering: Xudan
Transliteration: Xudan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Jesus throughout 2 Peter (1:2, 1:8, 1:11, 1:16, 2:20, 3:18) and compounded in ‘Day of the Lord’ (Roja Xudan, 3:10); must retain exclusive supreme lordship, never a generic honorific.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. At 2 Peter 1:21, the agent who ‘bore along’ the human authors of Scripture; the created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction (against regional tafsir identification with Jibril) must be explicit here as the core passage’s inspiration climax.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Kurê Xwedê
Transliteration: Kurê Xwedê
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. 2 Peter 1:17 is the letter’s strongest textual anchor: the Father’s own audible Transfiguration declaration, requiring correction of both the mainstream tawhid-based denial and the Kurdish-specific inverted risk of Sufi wahdat al-wujud or Yazidi divine-manifestation over-assimilation.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Adalet
Transliteration: adalet
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: Rastî
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated three times: Noah as ‘preacher of righteousness’ (2:5), ‘the way of righteousness’ (2:21), and righteousness personified as dwelling in the renewed cosmos (3:13); must not collapse into mere correctness or dutiful conduct in any occurrence.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rizgarî
Transliteration: rizgarî
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 3:15, ‘the patience of our Lord is salvation’; must be read as personal, spiritual opportunity for repentance, never folded into Kurdish nationalist-liberation register. Compounds with the new term ‘savior/Rizgarker’ below.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Padîşahiya Xwedê
Transliteration: padîşahiya Xwedê
Doctrine: Eternal Kingdom of Christ
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ / αἰώνιον βασιλείαν
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. At 1:11, qualified ‘eternal’ and tied to ‘our Lord and Savior’ (repeating 1:1’s deity construction); must be taught as exclusively Christ’s own spiritual, eternal reign, never validating Kurdish statehood aspirations.
Father
Approved rendering: Bav
Transliteration: Bav
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 1:17 as the source of the Transfiguration voice; shares the region’s tawhid-anthropomorphism objection to Father-language for God.
Savior
Approved rendering: Rizgarker
Transliteration: rizgarker
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
CRITICAL, new term. 1:1’s single-article ‘our God and Savior’ Greek construction directly asserts Christ’s deity and must not be diluted by translating God and Savior as separate figures. Applying Rizgarker (agent-noun on the rizgarî root) as a personal title to Jesus compounds the baseline’s rizgarî nationalist-liberation risk - risking Jesus being cast as a national-liberation hero rather than the divine, personal Savior from sin. Every occurrence (1:1, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18) requires explicit personal/spiritual anchoring.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: Xwezaya Xwedayî
Transliteration: xwezaya xwedayî
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: θεία φύσις
Category: Divine Nature
CRITICAL, new term. 1:4, ‘partakers of the divine nature.’ Risks assimilation into Sufi wahdat al-wujud (‘unity of being’) or Yazidi belief in successive divine manifestation through human figures, both of which could read this phrase as ontological merger/absorption (fanā) rather than real but creaturely moral participation in God’s character. The Creator-creature distinction must be explicitly preserved at every occurrence.
Parousia
Approved rendering: Hatina Xudan
Transliteration: hatina Xudan
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL, new term (1:16, 3:4). Collides with the specific, popularly-known mainstream Sunni hadith doctrine of Isa’s own future return - as a prophet who defeats al-Dajjal, vindicates Islam, breaks crosses, ends Christian worship of him as divine, and later dies naturally. A substantive, specific competing return-narrative, not a generic difference of belief; must be explicitly distinguished at every occurrence from Christ’s return as divine Judge in his own majesty and glory.
Borne Along By Spirit
Approved rendering: ji hêla Ruhê Pîroz ve hatin birin
Transliteration: ji hêla Ruhê Pîroz ve hatin birin
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: Wahy
Original: ὑπὸ Πνεύματος Ἁγίου φερόμενοι
Category: Scripture
CRITICAL, new term/phrase, for hypo Pneumatos Hagiou pheromenoi (1:21) - the single most theologically load-bearing phrase in the core passage. The mainstream regional Sunni doctrine of wahy/tanzīl (verbatim dictation of the Quran’s exact wording to a passive human channel) is explicitly rejected as a model; the Greek pherō metaphor (a ship carried by wind, retaining its own hull and rudder) depicts the Spirit superintending through, not despite, each human author’s own faculties and voice. This distinction must be made explicit in every accompanying teaching note, not left to be inferred.
Tartarus Hell
Approved rendering: avêtin Dojehê
Transliteration: avêtin Dojehê
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Cehenem
Original: ταρταρόω
Category: Judgment
CRITICAL, new term, for tartaroō (2:4), a NT hapax legomenon. ‘Dojeh,’ the native Old Iranian-root Kurdish word for hell, is required rather than ‘Cehenem,’ the Arabic Quranic loanword - mirroring the baseline’s Xwedê-over-Allah precedent - because Cehenem imports the full weight of specific Quranic afterlife geography and theology (multiple hell-levels, sinner-classes, intercession/duration debates) into a verse about fallen angels, which the term itself does not intend.
Liberty False Promise
Approved rendering: Azadî
Transliteration: azadî
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ἐλευθερίαν ἐπαγγελλόμενοι
Category: False Teachers
CRITICAL, new term, for eleutherian epangellomenoi (2:19), false teachers ‘promising them liberty while they themselves are slaves of corruption.’ Azadî is the exact companion term to Rizgarî already flagged in the baseline as saturated with Kurdish nationalist-liberation vocabulary (‘Rizgariya Kurdistanê’). Must be taught as exclusively about personal moral/spiritual bondage to sin masquerading as liberty, with an explicit statement that the text has no bearing whatsoever on political freedom aspirations. No safer alternative Kurdish rendering exists; the only mitigation is mandatory explicit anchoring at every occurrence.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Roja Xudan
Transliteration: roja Xudan
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἡμέρα κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL, new term, for hēmera kyriou (3:10), reusing baseline Lord/Xudan. A genuine positive point of contact with Islamic Yawm ad-Dīn/Yawm al-Qiyāma, but must be anchored specifically to Christ’s own personal, visible return as divine Judge, never left as a generic ‘day of Allah’s judgment’ compatible with either framework without distinction.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: Pîroz
Transliteration: pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; risk tier confirmed at High for this curriculum per the 2 Peter registry. Applied to the Transfiguration mountain (1:18, historically anchored by a unique revelation event, distinct from Yazidi ongoing-pilgrimage veneration of sites like Lalish) and to conduct (3:11).
Faith
Approved rendering: Îman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 1:1’s ‘faith of equal standing,’ supporting the letter’s implicit Jew-Gentile equality theme; must remain personal trust in Christ, not creedal assent.
Grace
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 1:2, 1:3 (grace as source/ground of virtue, not its reward), and 3:18’s closing exhortation; must not imply an elite Sufi-keramet-style favor.
Calling
Approved rendering: Vexwendin
Transliteration: vexwendin
Doctrine: Assurance of Calling and Election
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Paired with election at 1:10, ‘make your calling and election sure’; must convey a sovereign, already-settled summons believers are urged to confirm, not seek afresh.
Called
Approved rendering: Bangkirî
Transliteration: bangkirî
Doctrine: Assurance of Calling and Election
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Adjectival counterpart to calling/election, activated at 1:10.
Election
Approved rendering: Hilbijartin
Transliteration: hilbijartin
Doctrine: Assurance of Calling and Election
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Also the standard modern Kurdish word for democratic elections (hilbijartinên giştî); at 1:10, ‘make your election sure’ must be anchored to confirming God’s already-settled sovereign choice, not verifying registration in a political process.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Pêxember
Transliteration: pêxember
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: προφήτης / ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated from the baseline’s original tier to High specifically for this curriculum, since chapter 2’s false-prophet polemic (pseudoprophētai, 2:1) sits close to regional khatam al-anbiya sensitivities and must be scoped as strictly intra-church, never an adjudication of Muhammad’s or Islam’s prophetic claims.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Pêxemberî
Transliteration: pêxemberî
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; risk elevated to High for this curriculum given 1:19-21’s direct claims about prophecy’s divine origin and the comparative claim that it is ‘more sure’ than eyewitness experience.
Sin
Approved rendering: Guneh
Transliteration: guneh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 2:14, false teachers’ eyes ‘full of adultery, unceasing from sin’; distinguish from the region’s fitrah (innate purity) default.
Corruption
Approved rendering: Xirabûn
Transliteration: xirabûn
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: φθορά
Category: Divine Nature
New term. Decay/ruin/moral depravity ‘in the world because of sinful desire’ (1:4) and the false teachers’ own bondage (2:12, 19). Must be distinguished from ritual/ceremonial defilement categories (see pollutions/miasmata below); this is moral-cosmic decay tied to sin and death, escaped through participation in the divine nature and promises, not through ritual purification.
Virtue
Approved rendering: Fezîlet
Transliteration: fezîlet
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Christian Virtue
New term. God’s own excellence (1:3) and the first rung of the virtue chain (1:5). The step-by-step chain of 1:5-7 bears a striking surface resemblance to the Sufi maqamat (stations) progression a disciple ascends under a pîr’s guidance; must be taught as fruit growing organically from grace already granted (v.3), not a merit-earning ladder toward spiritual elevation.
Godliness
Approved rendering: Xwedaparêzî
Transliteration: xwedaparêzî
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Christian Virtue
New term. Piety/reverence toward God, part of the virtue chain (1:6-7) and ‘life and godliness’ granted by God’s power (1:3); also in view at 3:11. Parallels Islamic taqwa (God-consciousness/piety); must be anchored as Spirit-produced fruit of relationship with Christ, not law-achieved piety earning standing before God.
Knowledge Relational
Approved rendering: Nasîn
Transliteration: nasîn
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for epignōsis (1:2, 1:3, 1:8; 2:20). Deep, personal, relational knowledge of God/Christ specifically, distinguished from bare gnōsis/Zanîn. Kurdish Sufism’s ma’rifa - mystical, experiential gnosis attained through advanced spiritual stations (maqamat), often available only to spiritually elevated initiates - creates a risk that this must be actively resisted: 2 Peter’s epignōsis is available to every believer through the ordinary means of Scripture and apostolic teaching (1:19-21), not an esoteric elite attainment.
Endurance
Approved rendering: Domdarî
Transliteration: domdarî
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: Berxwedan
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for hypomonē (1:6). ‘Berxwedan,’ the natural Kurdish word, is saturated in modern public discourse with a specific political-military resistance narrative (Berxwedana Kobanê; decades of PKK/Kurdish national-movement rhetoric) and is explicitly rejected for this theological sense. ‘Domdarî’ (continuance, steadfast persistence) is the required rendering.
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: Hezkirina Biran
Transliteration: hezkirina biran
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: Biratî
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for philadelphia (1:7). Bare ‘Biratî’ (brotherhood) is rejected because Kurdish tribal (aşîret) kinship structures could cause it to be read as blood/tribal kinship rather than the spiritual family bond among believers regardless of lineage; the affective phrase ‘Hezkirina Biran’ keeps the non-tribal sense explicit.
Prophetic Word Confirmed
Approved rendering: Peyva Pêxemberî ya Hîn Pirtir Pêbawer
Transliteration: peyva pêxemberî ya hîn pirtir pêbawer
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: βεβαιότερον τὸν προφητικὸν λόγον
Category: Scripture
New term/phrase, for bebaioteron ton prophētikon logon (1:19) - the central textual claim that Scripture’s authority exceeds even Peter’s own eyewitness experience. Must not be softened to mere ‘also trustworthy’; the comparative force must be preserved intact.
Private Interpretation
Approved rendering: Şîroveya Kesane
Transliteration: şîroveya kesane
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἰδίας ἐπιλύσεως
Category: Scripture
New term/phrase, for idias epilyseōs (1:20). Concerns the origin of prophecy (God, not the prophet’s own private initiative), not who may later read/interpret it. Must not be taught as endorsing an ulama/tafsir-style interpretive monopoly, nor as denying the human author any personality or voice (preserved by ‘borne along,’ 1:21).
False Prophet
Approved rendering: Pêxemberê Derewîn
Transliteration: pêxemberê derewîn
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοπροφῆται
Category: False Teachers
New term, for pseudoprophētai (2:1), built on the baseline prophet term. Must be scoped as intra-church polemic about historical and future impostors, never an adjudication of Muhammad’s prophetic status or any general claim about Islam’s prophets.
False Teacher
Approved rendering: Mamosteyê Derewîn
Transliteration: mamosteyê derewîn
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλοι
Category: False Teachers
New term, for pseudodidaskaloi (2:1), those who secretly bring in destructive heresies from within the believing community; must be scoped strictly intra-church (‘among you’).
Destructive Heresies
Approved rendering: Baweriyên Şaş ên Wêrankar
Transliteration: baweriyên şaş ên wêrankar
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: αἱρέσεις ἀπωλείας
Category: False Teachers
New term, for haireseis apōleias (2:1), destructive schools/factions of false teaching secretly introduced.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: Serwer
Transliteration: serwer
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: Xwedan, Xwedî
Original: δεσπότην
Category: False Teachers
New term, for despotēs (2:1), distinct from kyrios/Xudan. ‘Xwedan/Xwedî’ (owner) is rejected because its shared root with Xwedê (God) risks confusing readers about which divine Person is meant. Must retain the force of Christ’s ownership by purchase (redemption) over even those who later apostatize, not softened to a generic ‘leader’ or ‘teacher.‘
Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: Helakbûn
Transliteration: helakbûn
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: ἀπώλεια
Category: Judgment
New term, for apōleia (2:1, 2:3; 3:7, 16). Must communicate genuine, severe, final divine judgment; ambiguity between annihilation and ongoing conscious ruin should be flagged for mandatory theologian review at each occurrence rather than resolved unilaterally in translation.
The Way
Approved rendering: Rê / Riya Rast
Transliteration: rê / riya rast
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ὁδὸς τῆς ἀληθείας / ὁδὸν τοῦ Βαλαάμ / εὐθεῖα ὁδός
Category: False Teachers
New term-family, for hodos tēs alētheias / hodon tou Balaam / eutheia hodos (2:2, 2:15). Directly overlaps with the Islamic aş-şirāṭ al-mustaqīm (recited five times daily in the Fatiha) and the Sufi ṭarīqa (a mystical order under a living pîr); must be explicitly anchored to the apostolic gospel and to Christ himself at every occurrence.
Pollutions
Approved rendering: Qirêjî
Transliteration: qirêjî
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: μιάσματα
Category: False Teachers
New term, for miasmata (2:20). Risk of being heard as ritual/ceremonial impurity (parallel to Islamic najāsa, requiring specific ritual purification) rather than the moral corruption of worldly sin 2 Peter intends - the same caution the baseline already records for sanctification/Pakkirin.
Patience Longsuffering
Approved rendering: Bîhnfirehî
Transliteration: bîhnfirehî
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: Sebir
Original: μακροθυμία / μακροθυμεῖ
Category: Eschatology
New term, for makrothymia/makrothymei (3:9, 15). ‘Sebir,’ the common Arabic-loan term, is one of the most heavily weighted virtue-terms in Islamic ethics (patient endurance under hardship as a virtue in itself) and is explicitly rejected for this specific theological sense, which is God’s deliberate, purposeful delay of judgment to give space for repentance. ‘Bîhnfirehî’ (native compound, ‘broad-breathedness’) is required here; Sebir remains acceptable only for ordinary human patience elsewhere in the curriculum.
Repentance
Approved rendering: Poşmanî
Transliteration: poşmanî
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: Tobe
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Eschatology
New term, for metanoia (3:9). Islamic tawba (commonly Tobe in Kurdish) is a structured process (ceasing the sin, feeling regret, resolving not to repeat, sometimes restitution); biblical metanoia is a Spirit-enabled reorientation of the whole person toward God specifically through Christ. ‘Poşmanî’ (native Kurdish) is the primary rendering, with this distinction taught explicitly.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: Şandî
Transliteration: şandî
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Resûl
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Peter’s self-designation at 1:1, paired with ‘servant’ (doulos, see new term below).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Hêza Xwedê
Transliteration: hêza Xwedê
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: θεία δύναμις / δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, modified ‘Hêza wî ya xwedayî’ (his divine power) at 1:3; also present at 1:16 (the Transfiguration’s power and coming).
Peace
Approved rendering: Aştî
Transliteration: aştî
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated in the 1:2 salutation, ‘grace and peace be multiplied to you.‘
Glory
Approved rendering: Rûmet
Transliteration: rûmet
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα / μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Reactivated at 1:17 (‘honor and glory… the Majestic Glory’); must be kept distinct in translation from the separate new term megaleiotēs/Mezinahî (majesty, v.16) so the text’s two glory-words are not collapsed into one.
Knowledge General
Approved rendering: Zanîn
Transliteration: zanîn
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for plain gnōsis (1:5-6; 3:18), paired with and distinguished from epignōsis/Nasîn to keep bare information distinct from relational knowing of God.
Self Control
Approved rendering: Xwerêvebirin
Transliteration: xwerêvebirin
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for enkrateia (1:6). Genuine positive overlap-asset with the Islamic/Sufi concept of jihad al-nafs (struggle against the lower self); should be taught as Spirit-produced fruit, not self-achieved ascetic discipline earning merit.
Love
Approved rendering: Evîn
Transliteration: evîn
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for agapē (1:7), the climactic final rung of the virtue chain. Kurdish classical Sufi poetry (Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) cultivates an intimate, often romantically-charged lover/beloved (aşiq-maşuq) register around ‘evîn’; must be calibrated toward practical, committed, communal love, not imported mystical-romantic union.
Servant
Approved rendering: Xulam
Transliteration: xulam
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Ministry
New term, for doulos (1:1), Peter’s self-designation ‘a servant and apostle.’ Pairs with despotēs/Serwer in chapter 2 - the doulos belongs wholly to a despotēs; a humble total-ownership self-designation, low-medium collision risk.
Eyewitnesses
Approved rendering: Şahidên bi Çavên Xwe Dîtine
Transliteration: şahidên bi çavên xwe dîtine
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἐπόπται
Category: Scripture
New term, for epoptai (1:16). Kurdish audiences with Sufi background could otherwise assimilate ‘seeing’ language into a mystical-vision (kashf) framework reserved for advanced initiates; must be rendered to clearly emphasize ordinary sensory witness open to all.
Majesty
Approved rendering: Mezinahî
Transliteration: mezinahî
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
New term, for megaleiotēs (1:16), Christ’s majesty witnessed at the Transfiguration. Kept distinct from doxa/Rûmet (glory, v.17) so the text’s two related-but-different glory-words are not collapsed into one.
Honor
Approved rendering: Rêz
Transliteration: rêz
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Qedr
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
New term, for timē (1:17), received by Christ from the Father together with glory at the Transfiguration.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: Stêrka Sibê
Transliteration: stêrka sibê
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology
New term, for phōsphoros (1:19; cf. Revelation 22:16). A messianic title anticipating Christ’s return, not merely astronomical; must be taught explicitly and linked to the parousia doctrine.
Scripture Writing
Approved rendering: Nivîsara Pîroz
Transliteration: nivîsara pîroz
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
New term, for graphē (1:20; 3:16, Paul’s letters placed alongside ‘the other Scriptures’). Consistent with the established ‘Kitêba Pîroz’ naming convention.
Flood
Approved rendering: Tofan
Transliteration: tofan
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Judgment
New term, for kataklysmos (2:5). A genuine positive shared-story asset with the Quran’s own Noah account (Surah Nūḥ); the specific Petrine typology - flood as past judgment prefiguring the future fire-judgment of chapter 3 - is distinctly Christian and must be taught explicitly.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: Tinazkar
Transliteration: tinazkar
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Eschatology
New term, for empaiktai (3:3-4), mockers who doubt the promise of Christ’s coming. Standard mocking imagery; low regional collision.
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: Ezmanên Nû û Erdê Nû
Transliteration: ezmanên nû û erdê nû
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ γῆν καινήν
Category: Eschatology
New term, for kainous ouranous kai gēn kainēn (3:13), the renewed cosmos in which righteousness/Adalet dwells. Must be distinguished from a separate, otherworldly Islamic Paradise/Jannah (garden) concept; this is the renewal of THIS created cosmos, not a replacement garden-paradise.
Low Risk Terms
Cunningly Devised Fables
Approved rendering: Çîrokên Serdest Hatine Çêkirin
Transliteration: çîrokên serdest hatine çêkirin
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: σεσοφισμένοις μύθοις
Category: Scripture
New term/phrase, for sesophismenois mythois (1:16). Cleverly contrived myths, explicitly denied as the source of the apostolic message, contrasted with eyewitness testimony. No direct regional religious collision.
Elements
Approved rendering: Hêmanên Cîhanê
Transliteration: hêmanên cîhanê
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
New term, for stoicheia (3:10, 12), basic components of the physical cosmos to be dissolved in the coming judgment. Primarily cosmological; no major regional collision.
Thief
Approved rendering: Diz
Transliteration: diz
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Original: κλέπτης
Category: Eschatology
New term, for kleptēs (3:10), the image for the Day of the Lord’s sudden, unpredictable arrival. The point is suddenness/unpredictability of timing, not injustice.
Steadfastness
Approved rendering: Xurtbûn
Transliteration: xurtbûn
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: στηριγμός
Category: Christian Virtue
New term, for stērigmos (3:17), firm standing urged as the goal of the closing exhortation against being carried away by error.
Referenced passages