Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Luke 1–24
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, covering the entire book of Luke chapter by chapter. Terms already recorded in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Baseline reuse and their Kurdish rendering is copied exactly, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused verbatim. New terms specific to Luke are proposed for addition to the Language Package in Phase 2. Risk tiers follow the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Section A — Baseline Terms Reused from Romans (Applicable in Luke)
| Term (Eng.) | Greek | Kurdish Rendering | Risk | Key Luke Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | Xwedê | Critical | throughout | Baseline entry unchanged. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Îsa | Critical | throughout | Baseline entry unchanged. |
| Messiah/Christ | Χριστός | Mesîh | Critical | 2:11, 26; 3:15; 4:18 (echrisen); 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2, 35, 39; 24:26, 46 | Etymologically tied to new term “anointed” (meshkirin), 4:18. |
| Lord | κύριος | Xudan | Critical | 1:43; 2:11; 6:5, 46; 10:1; 20:42-44; 24:34 | Applies both to Yahweh (OT quotations) and to Jesus; distinction must be taught. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς θεοῦ | Kurê Xwedê | Critical | 1:32, 35; 3:22 (implied); 4:3, 9, 41; 8:28; 22:70 | Reused verbatim at every occurrence per baseline cross-document consistency rule. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | 1:15, 35, 41, 67; 3:16, 22; 4:1, 14, 18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10, 12; 24:49 | Distinct from angel Jibril per baseline caution; the single most frequent Critical term in Luke. |
| Father (of God) | πατήρ | Bav | Critical | 2:49; 3:22 (implied); 6:36; 9:26, 35; 10:21-22; 11:2, 13; 15:11-32; 22:42; 23:34, 46; 24:49 | Sufi lover/beloved register may inform tone per baseline note, not substitute the paternal metaphor. |
| Holy | ἅγιος | Pîroz | Medium (baseline: High for related doctrine) | 1:15, 35, 49, 70, 72; 2:23; 4:34 | Reused as adjective and in compounds (Ruhê Pîroz). |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | Rizgarî | Critical | 1:69, 71, 77; 19:9 | Requires explicit personal/spiritual anchoring at every occurrence, per baseline. |
| Gospel/Good news (verb form new, see Sec. B) | εὐαγγέλιον | Mizgînî | Medium | thematically throughout; noun form less frequent than in Paul | Verb form (euangelizomai) is new; see Section B. |
| Faith | πίστις | Îman | High | 5:20; 7:9, 50; 8:25, 48; 17:5-6, 19; 18:8, 42; 22:32 | Object of faith (Jesus specifically) must remain recoverable from context. |
| Repentance (doctrine family; term itself new, see Sec. B) | — | — | — | — | See Section B; doctrine parallels baseline Universal Human Accountability. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | Guneh | High | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24, 30-32; 7:37-49; 11:4; 13:2-4; 15:1-32; 17:3-4; 18:13; 24:47 | Root of new compound terms “gunehkar” (sinner) and “bexşandina gunehan” (forgiveness of sins). |
| Law (Mosaic) | νόμος | Şerîeta Mûsa | Critical | 2:22-27, 39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44 | Never bare “Şerîet” or “Namûs,” per baseline forbidden-substitution rule. |
| Prophet | προφήτης | Pêxember | High | 1:76; 3:4; 4:17, 24, 27; 7:16, 26, 39; 9:8, 19; 11:47-50; 13:33-34; 16:16, 29-31; 20:6; 24:19, 25, 27, 44 | Paired with fuller Christological titles per baseline instruction. |
| Prophecy | προφητεία | Pêxemberî | Low | 1:67 (Zechariah); thematically throughout the fulfillment texts | — |
| Covenant | διαθήκη | Peyman | High | 1:72; 22:20 (new covenant) | Base for new compound “Peymana Nû” (new covenant), Critical. |
| David | Δαυίδ | Dawid | Medium | 1:27, 32, 69; 2:4, 11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | Covenant-king typology must be supplied, per baseline. |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Îsraîl | Medium | 1:16, 54, 68, 80; 2:25, 32, 34; 4:25, 27; 22:30; 24:21 | Care re: contemporary political sensitivity, per baseline. |
| Gentiles/nations | ἔθνη | Ne-cihû | Medium | 2:32; 21:24 (times of the Gentiles); 24:47 (all nations) | Avoid “Umet” per baseline. |
| Glory | δόξα | Rûmet | Medium | 2:9, 14, 32; 9:31-32 | Anchor to Christ’s specific glory, per baseline. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | Aştî | Medium | 1:79; 2:14, 29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38, 42; 24:36 | Connection to justification/salvation must be made explicit, per baseline. |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ | Padîşahiya Xwedê | Critical | 4:43; 6:20; 7:28; 8:1, 10; 9:2, 11, 27, 60, 62; 10:9, 11; 11:2, 20; 12:31-32; 13:18-29; 14:15; 16:16; 17:20-21; 18:16-17, 24-25, 29; 19:11-27, 38; 21:31; 22:16-18, 29-30; 23:42, 51 | The single most frequent Critical term in Luke; never framed as endorsing Kurdish statehood aspirations, per baseline and this glossary’s chapter notes (19:38, 17:21). |
| Justification / justified | δικαιόω / δικαίωσις | Wek adil hatin hesibandin | Critical | 7:29, 35 (implied); 10:29; 16:15; 18:14 | Exact phrase reused verbatim, per baseline. |
| Righteousness / righteous | δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος | Adalet (noun) / contextual “dadperwer, bêsûc” (adjective, innocent sense) | Critical/High | 1:6, 17, 75; 2:25; 5:32; 12:57; 14:14; 15:7; 18:9, 14; 20:20; 23:47, 50 | 23:47 uses the “innocent” nuance; noted in ch. 23 analysis. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | Şandî | Medium | 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10 | — |
| Called/calling | κλητός/κλῆσις (thematic, “called,” “invited”) | Bangkirî | High | 5:32 (“call sinners to repentance”); 14:7-24 (parable of invited guests) | Context-sensitive per baseline; in 14, the “called/invited” guests reject the invitation, subverted by the poor being brought in. |
| Grace/favor | χάρις | Kerem | High | 1:30 (“found favor with God”); 2:40, 52; 4:22 (“gracious words”); 6:32-34 | Must not imply elite Sufi-keramet-style favor, per baseline. |
| Election/chosen | ἐκλεκτός/ἐκλέγομαι | Hilbijartin | High | 6:13 (“chose twelve”); 9:35 (“my Chosen One,” some MSS); 18:7 (God’s elect) | Distinguish from democratic election, per baseline. |
| Intercession/prayer for others | (thematic) | Navbeynkarî | High | 22:32 (“I have prayed for you”) | — |
| Providence | (thematic) | Rêveberiya Xwedê | Medium | 12:6-7, 22-31; 21:18 | Distinct from folk fatalism, per baseline. |
| Mission (sending to proclaim) | ἀποστολή/πέμπω (thematic) | Peywira Mizgîniyê | High | 9:1-6; 10:1-16; 24:47-49 | Safety implications vary by host state, per baseline. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις | Rabûn | Critical | 9:22 (predicted); 14:14; 18:33; 20:27-38; 24:1-49 (fulfilled) | Never conflated with reincarnation, per baseline; reinforced at 24:39 (flesh and bones). |
| Obedience of faith (thematic parallel) | ὑπακοή | Guhdarîkirina Baweriyê | Critical | thematic, e.g., 8:21 (“hear the word of God and do it”) | Fruit, not ground, of faith, per baseline. |
Section B — New Terms Introduced in Luke
| Term (Eng.) | Greek (translit.) | Literal meaning | Kurdish Rendering | Risk | Key Luke Passages | Grounded Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | deliverer, rescuer | Rizgarker | Critical | 1:47; 2:11 | Built on baseline “Rizgarî” root; inherits the nationalist-liberation collision risk documented for salvation. |
| Repentance / repent | μετάνοια / μετανοέω (metanoia / metanoeō) | a change of mind, turning around | Poşmanî / poşman bûn | High | 3:3, 8; 5:32; 13:3, 5; 15:7, 10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Islamic tawba doctrine treats repentance’s specific conditions (regret, cessation, resolve, restitution) as sufficient in themselves to secure forgiveness; biblical repentance is the fruit of grace, not a self-sufficient transaction. |
| Forgiveness/release | ἄφεσις (aphesis) | a sending away, release | Bexşandina Gunehan (forgiveness of sins) / Berdan, Azadkirin (physical release, captives sense only) | Critical | 1:77; 3:3; 4:18-19; 7:47-49; 17:3-4; 24:47 | The single Greek word spans physical liberation and moral forgiveness (the theological engine of the core passage); Kurdish requires two distinct renderings to avoid triggering the nationalist-liberation “azadî” collision documented in the baseline for “Rizgarî,” while a translator’s note must preserve the underlying typological connection. |
| Poor | πτωχός (ptōchos) | one who crouches/begs; the destitute | Xizan | Medium-High | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13, 21; 16:20, 22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | Strong lived resonance with real Kurdish economic hardship/displacement; must be anchored to the in-breaking of God’s saving reign, not flattened into either pure material prosperity promise or coded economic-political redistribution. |
| Captives | αἰχμάλωτος (aichmalōtos) | prisoner of war | Girtî | High | 4:18 | Kurdish communities across all four host states have deep, ongoing lived experience with political prisoners (girtiyên siyasî); must be anchored to spiritual bondage to sin, not read as a coded reference to Kurdish political prisoners. |
| Oppressed/crushed | τεθραυσμένοι (tethrausmenoi, from θραύω) | those shattered, broken | Bindest / Perîşankirî | High | 4:18 | ”Bindest” (oppressed) is standard Kurdish political vocabulary for “the oppressed [Kurdish] nation”; must be anchored to universal human brokenness under sin, not Kurdish national oppression specifically. |
| Anointed (verb) | χρίω (chriō) | to anoint with oil | Meshkirin | High | 4:18 | Etymological root of “Mesîh” (Messiah); must be explicitly linked to that title so the connection is not lost as a generic ritual act. |
| Acceptable/favorable year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς κυρίου δεκτός (eniautos kyriou dektos) | an acceptable year belonging to the Lord | Sala Kerema Xudan / Sala Qebûlkirî ya Xudan | Critical | 4:19 | Alludes to Levitical Jubilee (debt-release, land-restoration); risks being read either as a defunct past institution or as a coded promise of this-worldly economic/political restoration for Kurdistan; must be taught as inaugurated, Christ-centered fulfillment. |
| Proclaim/herald | κηρύσσω (kēryssō) | to act as a herald, announce officially | Ragihandin | Medium | 4:18-19; 8:1, 39; 9:2; 12:3; 24:47 | Distinct from casual speech; conveys an authoritative, official announcement. |
| Scripture(s) | γραφή (graphē) | writing | Nivîsara Pîroz | High | 4:17, 21; 24:27, 32, 45 | Shares the regional Islamic tahrif (corruption) assumption regarding prior scriptures, per the baseline gospel entry’s caution. |
| Synagogue | συναγωγή (synagōgē) | assembly, gathering | Kinîşt | Medium | 4:15-16, 20, 28, 33, 38, 44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 11:43; 12:11; 13:10; 20:46; 21:12 | Distinct from “Dêr” (church, baseline) and from mizgeft (mosque); needs a cultural gloss on first use. |
| Sabbath | σάββατον (sabbaton) | rest, cessation | Şemî / Roja Sebtê | Medium | 4:16, 31; 6:1-11; 13:10-16; 14:1-6; 23:54, 56 | Must be distinguished from Friday (Islamic) and Sunday (regional Christian) worship days. |
| Devil | διάβολος (diabolos) | slanderer, accuser | Şeytan | Medium | 4:2-13; 8:12; 22:3, 31 | Broadly shared regional concept; low independent collision risk. |
| Authority | ἐξουσία (exousia) | power, right to act | Desthilat | High | 4:32, 36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2, 8, 20; 22:53; 23:7 | Underived, divine authority of Jesus; must be distinguished from human religious credentialing. |
| Unclean spirit / demon | πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον (pneuma akatharton / daimonion) | unclean spirit / little god | Ruhê Nepak / Cin | High | 4:33-36, 41; 6:18; 8:2, 27-38; 9:1, 37-43; 10:17-20; 11:14-26; 13:11, 32 | Robust indigenous Kurdish/Islamic/Yazidi cin (jinn) demonology and folk-exorcism practice creates real risk of conflation with biblical exorcism by Christ’s unique divine authority. |
| Disciple / to follow | μαθητής / ἀκολουθέω (mathētēs / akoloutheō) | learner / to follow | Şagirt | Medium | 5:11, 27-28; 6:13, 17, 20, 40; 8:9, 22; 9:14, 18, 40, 54; 10:23; 12:1, 22; 14:26-33; 17:22; 19:29, 37, 39; 22:11, 45 | Must denote a committed, life-reorienting follower of Jesus, not a generic religious student. |
| Leprosy/leper | λέπρα / λεπρός (lepra / lepros) | leprosy | Kotî | Medium | 5:12-13; 7:22; 17:11-19 | Ties to the Compassion/Table Fellowship doctrine; healing = compassionate restoration to community. |
| Son of Man | ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου (ho huios tou anthrōpou) | the son of man | Kurê Mirov | High | 5:24; 6:5, 22; 7:34; 9:22, 26, 44, 56, 58; 11:30; 12:8, 10, 40; 17:22-30; 18:8, 31; 19:10; 21:27, 36; 22:22, 48, 69; 24:7 | Risks being read as merely confirming Jesus’s plain humanity (aligning with the regional Islamic view) unless its Daniel-7 apocalyptic-authority sense is taught explicitly alongside it. |
| Tax collector | τελώνης (telōnēs) | tax-farmer | Bacgir | Medium | 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29, 34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2-10 | Needs a cultural note on the social-outcast/“collaborator” stigma for the table-fellowship scandal to register. |
| Sinners (table-fellowship sense) | ἁμαρτωλοί (hamartōloi) | sinners | Gunehkar | Medium | 5:30, 32; 6:32-34; 7:34, 37, 39; 15:1-2, 7, 10; 18:13; 19:7 | Built on baseline “guneh”; foregrounds Jesus’s mission to sinners specifically. |
| Blessed / Woe | μακάριος / οὐαί (makarios / ouai) | happy, favored / alas | Xwezî bi…/Xwelî li serê… (idiomatic) | High | 6:20-26; 7:23; 10:23; 11:27-28, 42-52; 12:37-38, 43; 14:14-15; 23:29 | Programmatic status-reversal language; must be taught as God’s present favor in the kingdom, not glorification of poverty for its own sake. |
| Mercy(-ful) | ἔλεος / οἰκτίρμων (eleos / oiktirmōn) | pity shown to one in need | Dilovanî | Medium | 1:50, 54, 58, 72, 78; 6:36; 10:37; 16:24; 17:13; 18:38-39 | Resonant with, and an asset alongside, the Islamic divine attribute of rahma; must still be anchored to God’s covenant faithfulness fulfilled in Christ. |
| Compassion (visceral) | σπλαγχνίζομαι (splanchnizomai) | to be moved in one’s inward parts | Dilşewatî | High | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | More visceral/specific than generic mercy (eleos); must not be flattened into routine kindness — models God’s own felt compassion. |
| Neighbor | πλησίον (plēsion) | one who is near | Cîran | High | 10:27, 29, 36 | Kurdish tribal (aşîret) in-group loyalty structures risk narrowing “neighbor” to kin/tribe, exactly what the Good Samaritan parable subverts. |
| Samaritan / foreigner | Σαμαρίτης / ἀλλογενής (Samaritēs / allogenēs) | Samaritan / one of another race | Samerî / Xerîb | Medium | 9:52-56; 10:33; 17:16, 18 | Requires OT/intertestamental background teaching; structurally comparable (but not to be directly politically mapped) to inter-group hostilities recognizable regionally. |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | life of the age to come | Jiyana Herheyî | Medium | 10:25; 18:18, 30 | Must denote unending, qualitative life with God, not mere longevity or reincarnated existence. |
| Prayer / to pray | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι (proseuchē / proseuchomai) | prayer, to pray | Dua (kirin) | High | 3:21; 5:16; 6:12, 28; 9:18, 28-29; 10:2; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 19:46; 20:47; 21:36; 22:32, 40-46 | Must be distinguished from the formal, ritually-prescribed Islamic salat (Kurdish niwêj/nimêj); Christian prayer is spontaneous, Father-directed address. |
| Lawyer (expert in the Law) | νομικός (nomikos) | one skilled in the law | Zana Şerîetê | Medium-High | 7:30; 10:25; 11:45-52; 14:3 | Built on baseline “Şerîeta Mûsa”; must not be confused with a modern Islamic legal scholar. |
| Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον (blasphēmia eis to Pneuma to Hagion) | slander against the Holy Spirit | Sixêf li Ruhê Pîroz kirin | Critical | 12:10 | The one unforgivable sin; requires pastorally cautious teaching against inducing false despair; flagged for mandatory theologian review at every occurrence. |
| Mammon/wealth | μαμωνᾶς (mamōnas) | Aramaic loanword for wealth/riches | Mal / Mamon | Medium | 12:15-21; 16:9-13 | A rival object of ultimate trust/service, not possessions per se. |
| Narrow door | στενὴ θύρα (stenē thyra) | narrow door/gate | Deriyê teng | Medium | 13:24 | Salvation open to all who enter by faith, but not automatic by ethnic/religious birthright. |
| Hate (relative-priority idiom) | μισέω (miseō) | to hate | (idiomatic rendering, not literal “hate”) | High | 14:26 | Literal rendering risks serious misunderstanding and could be provocative given the centrality of family/tribal (aşîret) loyalty in Kurdish society; must be glossed as relative priority. |
| Cross (discipleship) | σταυρός (stauros) | Roman execution stake | Xaç | High | 9:23; 14:27; 23:26 | No native Kurdish word; borrowed as in the baseline’s precedent for “Dêr” (church) from the region’s ancient Christian heritage; carries no native cultural resonance and must be explicitly taught. |
| Joy | χαρά (chara) | joy, gladness | Şahî | Medium | 15:7, 10; 24:41, 52 | Strong secular national-celebration connotation (e.g., Newroz); must be anchored to specifically spiritual, heaven’s-own joy over repentance. |
| Hades / intermediate state of the dead | ᾅδης (Hadēs) | Greek underworld term | Dojeha Muweqet / Cîhana Mirî | Critical | 16:23 | Intersects directly with the Islamic doctrine of barzakh (intermediate state before judgment); must be carefully distinguished, neither flatly equated nor dismissively ignored. |
| Abraham’s bosom | κόλπος Ἀβραάμ (kolpos Abraam) | Abraham’s bosom/side | Baweşa Birahîm | High | 16:22-23 | A place of comfort for the righteous dead in the intermediate state; ties to the Hades entry above. |
| Kingdom within/among you | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν (entos hymōn) | within/in the midst of you | (rendered via baseline Padîşahiya Xwedê + “di nav we de”) | Critical | 17:21 | Risks assimilation into a Sufi “the divine kingdom is within every soul” mystical-interiority reading; the referent is Jesus’s own royal presence among the people, not innate spiritual condition. |
| Propitiatory mercy (“be merciful to me, a sinner”) | ἱλάσκομαι (hilaskomai) | to be propitiated, to make atonement | Ji min re bibihûre / li min were dilovan | Critical | 18:13 | Same atonement/propitiation root flagged Critical in the baseline for Romans 3:25; must not be flattened into generic pity — conveys God’s own wrath-averting provision. |
| Lost | ἀπολωλός (apolōlos) | perishing, lost | Winda | Critical | 15:4, 6, 8-9, 24, 32; 19:10 | Paired with baseline “Rizgarî” in the Son of Man’s mission statement (19:10); central to Mission to the Nations doctrine. |
| King (messianic, political-risk sense) | βασιλεύς (basileus) | king | Padîşah | Critical | 19:38; 23:2-3, 37-38 | The crowd’s own nationalist, throne-claiming expectation is immediately undercut by Jesus’s lament (19:41-44); must never be read as endorsing Kurdish political statehood aspirations. |
| Render to Caesar | ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι (apodote ta Kaisaros Kaisari) | give back to Caesar Caesar’s things | Yê Qeyser bidin Qeyser | High | 20:25 | Requires sensitivity to each of the four host states’ distinct political/religious-freedom context; not a blanket endorsement of any state authority nor a call to quietism. |
| Times of the Gentiles | καιροὶ ἐθνῶν (kairoi ethnōn) | seasons of the nations | Dema ne-cihûyan | High | 21:24 | Eschatologically and politically loaded; must not be pressed into contemporary geopolitical map-reading regarding Jerusalem. |
| Redemption (eschatological) | ἀπολύτρωσις (apolytrōsis) | ransoming, redemption | Rizgariya we (built on baseline Rizgarî) | Critical | 21:28 | Inherits full baseline nationalist-liberation caution, intensified by end-times framing; anchor to Christ’s return and final salvation. |
| New Covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη (kainē diathēkē) | new covenant | Peymana Nû | Critical | 22:20 | Intersects with regional naskh (abrogation) doctrine; must be taught as fulfilling, not nullifying, God’s prior covenant promises. |
| Body / Blood (Words of Institution) | σῶμα / αἷμα (sōma / haima) | body / blood | Laşê min / Xwîna min | Critical | 22:19-20 | Sacramental practice varies across Kurdish Christian communities in the four host states; handle with awareness of local practice and, where relevant, gathering-safety considerations. |
| Paradise | παράδεισος (paradeisos) | paradise, garden | Buhişt | Critical | 23:43 | Deeply loaded with Quranic Jannah associations (future, deeds-and-judgment-contingent reward); Jesus’s promise here is immediate, personal, certain, and grace-based, granted to a dying criminal with no further deeds possible — a direct and necessary contrast. |
| Flesh and bones (bodily resurrection proof) | σὰρξ καὶ ὀστέον (sarx kai osteon) | flesh and bone | Laş û hestî | Critical | 24:39 | The strongest Lukan text against both the Quranic denial of Jesus’s death/resurrection and the distinct Yazidi reincarnation risk (kiras guhertin); emphasizes the same body, not a new vessel. |
| Ascension | ἀναφέρομαι (anapherō, pass.) | to be carried up | Hilkişîn | Critical | 24:51 | Double-edged: the Quran affirms God “raised” Jesus (partial asset), but as an alternative to, not the sequel of, death and resurrection; teaching must correct the sequence while affirming the point of contact. |
| Widow | χήρα (chēra) | widow | Bî | Medium | 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4 | Recurring marginalized/vulnerable category throughout Luke, central to “Good News to the Poor and Marginalized.” |
| Crippled / Lame | ἀνάπειρος / χωλός (anapeiros / chōlos) | maimed / lame | Seqet / Şeht | Medium | 14:13, 21 | Directly echoes the core passage’s categories (4:18), applied as a concrete table-fellowship mandate. |
| Consolation of Israel | παράκλησις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ (paraklēsis tou Israēl) | comfort of Israel | Handana Îsraîlê | Medium | 2:25 | Requires OT-background teaching; distinguish from modern political restoration of the state of Israel. |
| Redemption of Jerusalem | λύτρωσις Ἰερουσαλήμ (lytrōsis Ierousalēm) | ransoming of Jerusalem | Xelaskirina Orşelîmê | High | 2:38 | Must not be read as political-territorial redemption of the city, given contemporary geopolitical sensitivities. |
| Prophetess | προφῆτις (prophētis) | female prophet | Pêxemberê jin | Low-Medium | 2:36 | Grammatical-gender question per baseline gender-handling guidance. |
| Tempted/tested | πειράζω (peirazō) | to test, try | Ceribandin | Medium | 4:1-13; 11:16; 20:23 | Genuine testing overcome, not moral failure; ties to Humanity of Christ doctrine. |
| Wrath (to come) | ὀργή (orgē) | anger, wrath | Xezeb | Medium | 3:7; 21:23 | Personal, moral, covenantal divine response to sin, not impersonal fate. |
Section C — Chapters Confirmed Fully Reviewed with No Additional New Terms
Every chapter of Luke was reviewed in full (see 07_semantic_analysis.md). No chapter was found to introduce zero load-bearing theological vocabulary; each chapter’s table above (or its baseline-reuse notes) constitutes its complete review record. Chapters whose tables are comparatively short (e.g., ch. 20, ch. 21) still introduce at least one Critical or High risk item specific to that chapter’s material (e.g., “Render to Caesar,” “Times of the Gentiles,” “Redemption [eschatological]”) and are not silently omitted.
Risk Summary (New Terms, Section B)
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 18 | Human theologian review (mandatory, every occurrence) |
| High | 15 | Human theologian review |
| Medium | 15 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 0 (Low-only) | — |
Combined with Section A’s baseline-reused terms (all retaining their original baseline risk tiers), the full Luke curriculum glossary totals 39 baseline-reused terms and 48 newly introduced terms, to be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json in Phase 1 Step 2.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Xwedê
Transliteration: Xwedê
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Trinitarian Theology
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Native Northwestern Iranian-root word, a genuine independent linguistic asset. Throughout Luke, strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception denoted by the same word, especially at the Trinitarian theophany of Luke 3:21-22.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Îsa
Transliteration: Îsa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Carries no naming controversy in Kurdish, but throughout Luke still carries the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative that must be actively corrected, especially at the passion and resurrection narratives (chs. 22-24).
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesîh
Transliteration: Mesîh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Etymologically tied to the new verb ‘anointed’ (meshkirin) at Luke 4:18, the hinge of the core passage; some Kurdish communities’ Alevi or Yarsani beliefs add further distinct divinely-guided-figure expectations beyond mainstream Sunni Islam.
Lord
Approved rendering: Xudan
Transliteration: Xudan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Applies both to Yahweh (Isaiah quotation, Luke 4:18) and to Jesus (2:11; 6:5 ‘Lord of the Sabbath’; 20:41-44; 24:34); the distinction and the underlying deity claim must be taught explicitly, never softened. ‘Îsa Xudan e’ remains the fixed confession formula per baseline.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Kurê Xwedê
Transliteration: Kurê Xwedê
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Recurs at Luke 1:32,35; 3:22 (implied); 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70; must not read as metaphorical, adoptive, or honorary sonship, nor be assimilated into Sufi ‘wahdat al-wujud’ or Yazidi divine-manifestation frameworks.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Luke’s single most frequent Critical term (1:15,35,41,67; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49); must never be rendered or taught as the created angel Jibril.
Father
Approved rendering: Bav
Transliteration: Bav
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly (baseline TM already records this as Critical). Escalated attention warranted in Luke given the density of Trinitarian/Sonship-adjacent and prayer passages (3:22; 9:26,35; 10:21-22; 11:2,13; 15:11-32; 22:42; 23:34,46; 24:49). Sufi lover/beloved poetic register may inform tone but must not substitute the paternal metaphor.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rizgarî
Transliteration: rizgarî
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:69,71,77; 19:9 (‘today salvation has come to this house’); must always be paired with explicit personal, spiritual framing to prevent defaulting to Kurdish political-nationalist liberation vocabulary. Base root for the new term ‘Rizgarker’ (Savior).
Law
Approved rendering: Şerîeta Mûsa
Transliteration: Şerîeta Mûsa
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Rejected alternatives: Namûs, bare Şerîet
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly (baseline TM already records this as Critical). Never bare ‘Şerîet’ or ‘Namûs’; occurs at Luke 2:22-27,39; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Padîşahiya Xwedê
Transliteration: padîşahiya Xwedê
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly (baseline TM already records this as Critical at the term level, mirroring the doctrine-level Critical rating in doctrine_risk_registry.json). Extremely frequent in Luke (40+ occurrences); never framed as endorsing Kurdish political statehood aspirations. Luke 19:38-44 (nationalist acclamation immediately undercut by lament) and 17:21 (‘within/among you’, Sufi-interiority risk) are the two sharpest teaching moments.
Justification
Approved rendering: Wek adil hatin hesibandin
Transliteration: wek adil hatin hesibandin
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins / Assurance of Salvation
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly, verbatim phrase required. Central to the tax collector’s justification at Luke 18:14 (‘this man went down to his house justified, rather than the other’), the clearest Lukan proof-text for this doctrine.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Adalet
Transliteration: adalet
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: Rastî
Original: δικαιοσύνη / δίκαιος
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Risk aligned to Critical for the forensic/moral noun sense (1:6,17,75; 2:25; 5:32; 15:7; 18:9,14; 20:20), consistent with assets/bible_term_registry.json. At Luke 23:47 the centurion’s confession uses the adjective in a narrower ‘innocent’ nuance rather than the forensic-justification sense; render contextually (e.g. ‘bêsûc, dadperwer’) with a translator’s note distinguishing it from imputed righteousness.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Rabûn
Transliteration: rabûn
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Predicted at Luke 9:22; 18:33; debated at 20:27-38; fulfilled at 24:1-49; reinforced by the new term ‘flesh and bones’ (24:39) against both crucifixion-denial and Yazidi reincarnation risk (kiras guhertin).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: Guhdarîkirina Baweriyê
Transliteration: guhdarîkirina baweriyê
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Original: ὑπακοή (thematic)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline High to Critical for Luke, consistent with assets/bible_term_registry.json, given thematic reinforcement at Luke 8:21 (‘those who hear the word of God and do it’) and 6:46-49; must remain faith’s fruit, never its ground.
Savior
Approved rendering: Rizgarker
Transliteration: Rizgarker
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New term, built transparently on the baseline-flagged ‘Rizgarî’ root. Occurs at Luke 1:47 (Mary’s Magnificat, of God) and 2:11 (of the newborn Jesus, stacked with ‘Christ the Lord’). The ‘-ker’ agentive suffix personalizes the term further, risking being heard as ‘[the national] liberator’; must always be anchored to personal, spiritual deliverance, never Kurdish political-nationalist liberation.
Forgiveness Release
Approved rendering: Bexşandina Gunehan / Berdan, Azadkirin
Transliteration: bexşandina gunehan / berdan, azadkirin
Doctrine: Jubilee and the Acceptable Year of the Lord / Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: Azadî (rejected for both senses)
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Salvation
New term, the single Greek word aphesis spans physical liberation and moral forgiveness (Luke 1:77; 3:3; 4:18-19; 7:47-49; 17:3-4; 24:47). Two distinct Kurdish renderings required: ‘Bexşandina Gunehan’ for forgiveness of sins; ‘Berdan/Azadkirin’ for the physical release of captives at 4:18 only. Never render either sense with ‘Azadî,’ the paired companion word to the baseline’s flagged nationalist-liberation vocabulary for ‘Rizgarî.’ A translator’s note bridging the two Kurdish renderings back to the single Greek term is mandatory to preserve the Isaiah-61 typology.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: Sala Kerema Xudan / Sala Qebûlkirî ya Xudan
Transliteration: sala kerema Xudan / sala qebûlkirî ya Xudan
Doctrine: Jubilee and the Acceptable Year of the Lord
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
New compound term (no existing Kurdish precedent). Occurs at Luke 4:19. Risks being flattened into a defunct past Israelite institution, or, given real Kurdish concerns over land, debt, and displacement, read as a coded promise of this-worldly political/economic restoration for Kurdistan; must be taught as inaugurated, Christ-centered fulfillment ‘today’ (4:21).
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Sixêf li Ruhê Pîroz kirin
Transliteration: sixêf li Ruhê Pîroz kirin
Doctrine: Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: Sin
New compound term. Occurs at Luke 12:10. The one unforgivable sin; requires pastorally cautious teaching against inducing false despair; flagged for mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, compounding the baseline Holy Spirit risk.
Hades Intermediate State
Approved rendering: Dojeha Muweqet / Cîhana Mirî
Transliteration: Dojeha Muweqet / cîhana mirî
Doctrine: Intermediate State of the Dead
Rejected alternatives: direct transliteration of ‘Hades’, berzex/barzakh (direct equation rejected)
Original: ᾅδης
Category: Eschatology
New paraphrase term. Occurs at Luke 16:23. Intersects directly with the Islamic doctrine of barzakh; must be carefully distinguished, neither flatly equated nor dismissively ignored, and kept distinct from ‘Dojeh’ (hell/Gehenna proper).
Kingdom Within
Approved rendering: Padîşahiya Xwedê di nav we de ye
Transliteration: Padîşahiya Xwedê di nav we de ye
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
New paraphrase built on baseline kingdom term. Occurs at Luke 17:21. Risks assimilation into a Sufi ‘the divine kingdom is within every soul’ mystical-interiority reading; the referent is Jesus’s own royal presence among the people, not an innate spiritual condition within each hearer.
Propitiatory Mercy
Approved rendering: Ji min re bibihûre / li min were dilovan
Transliteration: ji min re bibihûre / li min were dilovan
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: generic ‘have pity on me’ rendering, rejected as too weak
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at Luke 18:13. Same atonement/propitiation root flagged Critical in the baseline for Romans 3:25; must not be flattened into generic pity — conveys God’s own wrath-averting provision. Flag identically to Romans 3:25 for mandatory theologian review.
Lost
Approved rendering: Winda
Transliteration: winda
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at Luke 15:4,6,8-9,24,32; 19:10 (‘the Son of Man came to seek and to save the lost’). Paired directly with baseline ‘Rizgarî’ in Jesus’s programmatic mission statement, itself a natural thematic bookend with the core passage.
King Messianic
Approved rendering: Padîşah
Transliteration: Padîşah
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Kingdom
New term, cognate with baseline’s ‘padîşahiya.’ Occurs at Luke 19:38; 23:2-3,37-38. The crowd’s own nationalist, throne-claiming expectation is immediately undercut by Jesus’s lament (19:41-44); must never be read as endorsing Kurdish political statehood aspirations. Use 19:38-44 as the curriculum’s worked example of the correction.
Redemption Eschatological
Approved rendering: Rizgariya we
Transliteration: rizgariya we
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Eschatology
New term, built on baseline Rizgarî. Occurs at Luke 21:28. Inherits full baseline nationalist-liberation caution, intensified by explicit end-times framing; must be anchored to Christ’s personal return and final salvation, not any near-term this-worldly deliverance.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: Peymana Nû
Transliteration: Peymana Nû
Doctrine: New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New compound, built on baseline ‘Peyman.’ Occurs at Luke 22:20. Intersects with regional Islamic naskh (abrogation) doctrine; must be taught as fulfilling, not nullifying, God’s prior covenant promises.
Body Blood
Approved rendering: Laşê min / Xwîna min
Transliteration: laşê min / xwîna min
Doctrine: New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Sacraments
New terms, Words of Institution. Occur at Luke 22:19-20. Sacramental practice varies significantly across Kurdish Christian communities in the four host states; handle with awareness of local practice and, where relevant, gathering-safety considerations.
Paradise
Approved rendering: Buhişt
Transliteration: Buhişt
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Rejected alternatives: novel neologism (deliberately rejected in favor of the shared, theologically productive term)
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
New term, deliberately reusing existing shared Kurdish/Islamic vocabulary rather than coining a neologism. Occurs at Luke 23:43. ‘Buhişt’ is deeply loaded with Quranic Jannah associations (future, deeds-and-judgment-contingent reward); Jesus’s promise here is immediate, personal, certain, and grace-based, granted to a dying criminal with no further deeds possible — a direct and necessary contrast to be foregrounded in teaching, not avoided.
Flesh And Bones
Approved rendering: Laş û hestî
Transliteration: laş û hestî
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: σὰρξ καὶ ὀστέον
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at Luke 24:39. The strongest Lukan text against both the Quranic denial of Jesus’s death/resurrection and the distinct Yazidi reincarnation risk (kiras guhertin); emphasizes the same body, not a new vessel.
Ascension
Approved rendering: Hilkişîn
Transliteration: hilkişîn
Doctrine: Ascension of Christ
Rejected alternatives: transliteration of Greek/Latin loanword (rejected in favor of a transparent native verb)
Original: ἀναφέρομαι
Category: Christology
New native term. Occurs at Luke 24:51. The Quran (4:158) affirms God ‘raised’ Jesus (partial asset), but as an alternative to, not the sequel of, death and resurrection; teaching must correct the sequence while affirming the point of contact.
High Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: Pîroz
Transliteration: pîroz
Doctrine: Separation unto God’s Service / Sainthood
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package; risk tier aligned to High for Luke consistent with assets/bible_term_registry.json, reflecting frequent use (1:15,35,49,70,72; 2:23; 4:34, the demon’s confession ‘the Holy One of God’). Avoid ritual-purity-only readings.
Gospel
Approved rendering: Mizgînî
Transliteration: Mizgînî
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline Medium to High for Luke, consistent with assets/bible_term_registry.json, given the programmatic force of the cognate verb form (euangelizomai, see ‘proclaim_herald’-adjacent new entry euangelisasthai at 4:18) directed specifically at the poor. Some readers will also know Încîl via shared Islamic vocabulary carrying the tahrif assumption; qualify as the specific NT record where likely.
Faith
Approved rendering: Îman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 5:20; 7:9,50; 8:25,48; 17:5-6,19; 18:8,42; 22:32; the object of faith (Jesus specifically) must remain recoverable from context, e.g. the Gentile centurion’s exemplary faith at 7:9.
Sin
Approved rendering: Guneh
Transliteration: guneh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Sin
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Root of new compounds ‘gunehkar’ (sinner) and ‘bexşandina gunehan’ (forgiveness of sins); occurs throughout, especially chs. 5, 7, 15, 18, 24.
Prophet
Approved rendering: Pêxember
Transliteration: pêxember
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Extremely frequent in Luke (1:76; 3:4; 4:17,24,27; 7:16,26,39; 9:8,19; 11:47-50; 13:33-34; 16:16,29-31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27,44); must be paired with fuller Christological titles per baseline instruction.
Covenant
Approved rendering: Peyman
Transliteration: peyman
Doctrine: New Covenant and the Lord’s Supper
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:72 and forms the base of the new compound ‘Peymana Nû’ (new covenant) at 22:20, a Critical-risk extension.
Glory
Approved rendering: Rûmet
Transliteration: rûmet
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; risk escalated from baseline Medium to High for Luke, consistent with assets/bible_term_registry.json, given its Christological weight at the Transfiguration (9:31-32) alongside 2:9,14,32. Anchor to Christ’s specific glory, not generalized mystical splendor.
Called
Approved rendering: Bangkirî
Transliteration: bangkirî
Doctrine: Divine Calling / Effectual Calling
Original: κλητός (thematic: κληθῆναι, καλέω)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Context-sensitive in Luke as in Romans: 5:32 (Jesus’s call to sinners to repentance) versus 14:7-24 (the rejected invitation to the parable’s guests).
Grace
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Grace / Honor-Shame Reversal and Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:30 (‘found favor with God’); 2:40,52; 4:22 (‘gracious words’); 6:32-34; must not imply an elite, Sufi-keramet-style favor reserved for advanced spiritual figures. Luke’s infancy narratives, addressed to socially humble figures, are a built-in corrective asset against the elite-favor default.
Election
Approved rendering: Hilbijartin
Transliteration: hilbijartin
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλέγομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 6:13 (Jesus ‘chose’ the twelve); 9:35 (‘my Chosen One,’ some manuscripts); 18:7 (God’s elect); must be distinguished from a democratic vote given modern Kurdish usage for elections (KRG, Rojava).
Repentance
Approved rendering: Poşmanî
Transliteration: poşmanî
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Sin
New term. Verb form: poşman bûn. Occurs at Luke 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47. Islamic tewbe (tawba) doctrine treats a specific human sequence (regret, cessation, resolve, restitution) as sufficient in itself to secure forgiveness; Luke’s repentance must be taught as the fruit of prevenient grace and the doorway to Christ’s forgiveness, not a self-sufficient transaction.
Poor
Approved rendering: Xizan
Transliteration: xizan
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poverty and Justice
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3. Strong lived resonance with real Kurdish economic hardship and displacement across all four host states; must be anchored to the in-breaking of God’s saving reign, not flattened into a material prosperity promise or coded economic-political redistribution.
Captives
Approved rendering: Girtî
Transliteration: girtî
Doctrine: Jubilee and the Acceptable Year of the Lord
Original: αἰχμάλωτος
Category: Poverty and Justice
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:18. Kurdish communities across all four host states carry deep, ongoing lived experience of political prisoners (girtiyên siyasî); must be anchored explicitly and repeatedly to spiritual captivity to sin, not read as a coded reference to the release of Kurdish political prisoners.
Oppressed
Approved rendering: Bindest / Perîşankirî
Transliteration: bindest / perîşankirî
Doctrine: Jubilee and the Acceptable Year of the Lord
Original: τεθραυσμένοι (θραύω)
Category: Poverty and Justice
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:18. ‘Bindest’ (oppressed) is a load-bearing term in Kurdish political discourse applied to ‘gelê bindest’ (the oppressed Kurdish nation); must be anchored to universal human brokenness under sin and its effects, not Kurdish national oppression specifically.
Anointed
Approved rendering: Meshkirin
Transliteration: meshkirin
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:18. The verbal root of ‘Mesîh’; must be explicitly linked to that title in teaching so the etymological connection is not lost as a generic ritual act.
Scripture
Approved rendering: Nivîsara Pîroz
Transliteration: Nivîsara Pîroz
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: γραφή
Category: Scripture
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:17,21; 24:27,32,45. Shares the regional Islamic tahrif (corruption) assumption regarding prior scriptures; must be taught as the reliable, preserved prophetic word, consistent with the baseline gospel entry’s Încîl/tahrif caution.
Authority
Approved rendering: Desthilat
Transliteration: desthilat
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Authority over Evil Spirits and Sickness
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 20:2,8,20; 22:53; 23:7. Must be distinguished from mere human religious credentialing (as the Pharisees/scribes had); this is Jesus’s underived, divine authority.
Unclean Spirit Demon
Approved rendering: Ruhê Nepak / Cin
Transliteration: Ruhê Nepak / Cin
Doctrine: Authority over Evil Spirits and Sickness
Original: πνεῦμα ἀκάθαρτον / δαιμόνιον
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:33-36,41; 6:18; 8:2,27-38; 9:1,37-43; 10:17-20; 11:14-26; 13:11,32. Robust indigenous Kurdish/Islamic/Yazidi cin (jinn) demonology and folk-exorcism practice risks conflation with biblical exorcism by Christ’s unique divine authority; demons must be taught as defeated created beings, not forces to be placated.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Kurê Mirov
Transliteration: Kurê Mirov
Doctrine: Son of Man and Humanity of Christ
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New term. Extremely frequent, e.g. Luke 5:24; 6:5,22; 7:34; 9:22,26,44,56,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7. Risks being heard as merely confirming plain humanity (aligning with the regional Islamic view) unless the Daniel-7 apocalyptic-authority sense is taught explicitly alongside it every time.
Blessed Woe
Approved rendering: Xwezî bi… / Xwelî li serê…
Transliteration: xwezî bi… / xwelî li serê…
Doctrine: Honor-Shame Reversal and Grace
Rejected alternatives: wooden calque of ‘blessed/woe’
Original: μακάριος / οὐαί
Category: Ethics
New term, idiomatic Kurdish equivalents preferred over wooden calque. Occurs at Luke 6:20-26; 7:23; 10:23; 11:27-28,42-52; 12:37-38,43; 14:14-15; 23:29. Programmatic status-reversal language; must be taught as God’s present favor in the kingdom now, not glorification of poverty for its own sake.
Compassion Visceral
Approved rendering: Dilşewatî
Transliteration: dilşewatî
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: Dilovanî (rejected as too generic for this specific sense)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
New term. Occurs at Luke 7:13 (widow of Nain); 10:33 (Good Samaritan); 15:20 (father of the prodigal). More visceral/specific than generic ‘dilovanî’; must not be flattened into routine kindness — models God’s own felt compassion. Reserve exclusively for splanchnizomai occurrences.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: Cîran
Transliteration: cîran
Doctrine: Neighbor Love Across Ethnic Boundaries
Original: πλησίον
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at Luke 10:27,29,36. Kurdish tribal (aşîret) in-group loyalty structures risk narrowing ‘neighbor’ to kin/tribe, exactly what the Good Samaritan parable subverts; must be taught explicitly, not left implicit.
Prayer
Approved rendering: Dua (kirin)
Transliteration: dua kirin
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
New term. Extremely frequent, e.g. Luke 3:21; 5:16; 6:12,28; 9:18,28-29; 10:2; 11:1-13; 18:1-14; 19:46; 20:47; 21:36; 22:32,40-46. Must be distinguished from the formal, ritually-prescribed Islamic salat (Kurdish niwêj/nimêj); Christian prayer is spontaneous, Father-directed address. Confirm existing Kurdish Bible’s Lord’s Prayer wording (11:2-4) before Phase 2 rather than re-translating independently.
Lawyer
Approved rendering: Zana Şerîetê
Transliteration: zana Şerîetê
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Original: νομικός
Category: Covenant
New term, built on baseline ‘Şerîeta Mûsa.’ Occurs at Luke 7:30; 10:25; 11:45-52; 14:3. Must not be confused with a modern Islamic legal scholar (mele/feqih).
Hate Relative Priority
Approved rendering: (idiomatic gloss, not literal ‘hate’) — ‘ji her tiştî bêtir hez ji Mesîh kirin’
Transliteration: ji her tiştî bêtir hez ji Mesîh kirin
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: nefret kirin (literal ‘to hate’, explicitly rejected)
Original: μισέω
Category: Discipleship
New term/strategy. Occurs at Luke 14:26. A Semitic idiom of relative priority; literal rendering risks serious misunderstanding and could be provocative given the centrality of family/tribal (aşîret) loyalty in Kurdish society; must be glossed as Christ’s claim taking precedence over even the strongest human loyalties.
Cross
Approved rendering: Xaç
Transliteration: Xaç
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
New term, transliterated/borrowed (precedent: baseline’s ‘Dêr’ for church, drawing on regional ancient Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac Christian heritage vocabulary). Occurs at Luke 9:23; 14:27; 23:26. No native Kurdish word; carries no native cultural resonance and must be explicitly taught, including the ‘daily’ (9:23) ongoing sense.
Abrahams Bosom
Approved rendering: Baweşa Birahîm
Transliteration: Baweşa Birahîm
Doctrine: Intermediate State of the Dead
Original: κόλπος Ἀβραάμ
Category: Eschatology
New compound term. Occurs at Luke 16:22-23. A place of comfort for the righteous dead in the intermediate state; ties directly to the Hades entry, requiring the same careful barzakh-aware distinction.
Render To Caesar
Approved rendering: Yê Qeyser bidin Qeyser, yê Xwedê jî bidin Xwedê
Transliteration: Yê Qeyser bidin Qeyser, yê Xwedê jî bidin Xwedê
Doctrine: Political Authority and the State
Original: ἀπόδοτε τὰ Καίσαρος Καίσαρι
Category: Political Authority
New fixed phrase. Occurs at Luke 20:25. Requires sensitivity to each of the four host states’ distinct political/religious-freedom context; not a blanket endorsement of any state authority nor a call to political quietism.
Times Of The Gentiles
Approved rendering: Dema ne-cihûyan
Transliteration: dema ne-cihûyan
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor
Original: καιροὶ ἐθνῶν
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at Luke 21:24. Eschatologically and politically loaded; must not be pressed into contemporary geopolitical map-reading regarding Jerusalem.
Redemption Of Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Xelaskirina Orşelîmê
Transliteration: xelaskirina Orşelîmê
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People
Original: λύτρωσις Ἰερουσαλήμ
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at Luke 2:38 (Anna). Must not be read as political-territorial redemption of the city, given contemporary geopolitical sensitivities; anchor to spiritual/messianic fulfillment.
Medium Risk Terms
Israel
Approved rendering: Îsraîl
Transliteration: Îsraîl
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 22:30; 24:21; care regarding contemporary political sensitivity per baseline, though Kurdish popular sentiment (notably Iraqi Kurdistan) is often more favorable than the regional norm.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Ne-cihû
Transliteration: ne-cihû
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor
Rejected alternatives: Umet
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 2:32; 21:24 (‘times of the Gentiles’); 24:47 (‘all nations’); avoid ‘Umet’ per baseline.
Peace
Approved rendering: Aştî
Transliteration: aştî
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:79; 2:14,29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36; connection to justification/salvation must be made explicit.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Şandî
Transliteration: şandî
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Resûl
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 6:13; 9:10; 11:49; 17:5; 22:14; 24:10.
Intercession
Approved rendering: Navbeynkarî
Transliteration: navbeynkarî
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: (thematic: δέομαι/προσεύχομαι ὑπέρ)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Risk tier set to Medium for Luke’s single occurrence (22:32, ‘I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail’), which is more straightforward than the broader Romans intercession doctrine; the associated doctrine ‘Prayer and Dependence on God’ remains High risk at the doctrine level.
Providence
Approved rendering: Rêveberiya Xwedê
Transliteration: rêveberiya Xwedê
Doctrine: Providence
Original: (thematic, cf. πρόνοια)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs thematically at Luke 12:6-7,22-31 (God’s care for sparrows and lilies) and 21:18; keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism.
Mission
Approved rendering: Peywira Mizgîniyê
Transliteration: peywira Mizgîniyê
Doctrine: Mission to All Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω (thematic)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Term-level risk set to Medium consistent with assets/bible_term_registry.json; the associated doctrine ‘Mission to All Nations’ remains High risk given the four host states’ differing religious-freedom environments (Luke 9:1-6; 10:1-16; 24:47-49).
Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: Ragihandin
Transliteration: ragihandin
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: gotin (casual ‘to say’)
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Scripture
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:18-19; 8:1,39; 9:2; 12:3; 24:47. Distinct from casual speech; conveys an official proclamation on behalf of a sovereign.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: Kinîşt
Transliteration: Kinîşt
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Scripture
New term, established regional loanword retained rather than invented. Occurs at Luke 4:15-16,20,28,33,38,44; 6:6; 7:5; 8:41; 11:43; 12:11; 13:10; 20:46; 21:12. Distinct from ‘Dêr’ (church, baseline) and from mizgeft (mosque); needs a cultural gloss on first use.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: Şemî / Roja Sebtê
Transliteration: Şemî / Roja Sebtê
Doctrine: Sabbath and the Law
Original: σάββατον
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:16,31; 6:1-11; 13:10-16; 14:1-6; 23:54,56. Must be distinguished from the Islamic Friday congregational day (Cumua) and from Sunday Christian worship practice.
Devil
Approved rendering: Şeytan
Transliteration: Şeytan
Doctrine: Authority over Evil Spirits and Sickness
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:2-13; 8:12; 22:3,31. Broadly shared regional concept; low independent collision risk.
Disciple
Approved rendering: Şagirt
Transliteration: şagirt
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής / ἀκολουθέω
Category: Discipleship
New term. Occurs throughout, e.g. Luke 5:11,27-28; 6:13,17,20,40; 9:14,18,40,54; 14:26-33; 19:29,37,39; 22:11,45. Must denote committed, life-reorienting following, not generic religious study (as a mele’s student would be called).
Leprosy
Approved rendering: Kotî
Transliteration: kotî
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: λέπρα / λεπρός
Category: Compassion
New term. Occurs at Luke 5:12-13; 7:22; 17:11-19. Healing = compassionate restoration to community, not merely a medical cure.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: Bacgir
Transliteration: bacgir
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion
New term. Occurs at Luke 3:12; 5:27-30; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-14; 19:2-10. Needs a cultural note on the social-outcast/collaborator stigma for the table-fellowship scandal to register fully.
Sinners
Approved rendering: Gunehkar
Transliteration: gunehkar
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλοί
Category: Compassion
New term, built on baseline ‘guneh.’ Occurs at Luke 5:30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7. Foregrounds Jesus’s mission to sinners specifically.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Dilovanî
Transliteration: dilovanî
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἔλεος / οἰκτίρμων
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at Luke 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 16:24; 17:13; 18:38-39. Resonant with, and an asset alongside, the Islamic divine attribute of rahma; must still be anchored to God’s covenant faithfulness fulfilled in Christ.
Samaritan Foreigner
Approved rendering: Samerî / Xerîb
Transliteration: Samerî / xerîb
Doctrine: Unity of Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor
Original: Σαμαρίτης / ἀλλογενής
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at Luke 9:52-56; 10:33; 17:16,18. Requires OT/intertestamental background teaching; structurally comparable but not to be directly politically mapped onto present-day regional group hostilities.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Jiyana Herheyî
Transliteration: jiyana herheyî
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at Luke 10:25; 18:18,30. Must not read as mere longevity or a reincarnated existence (cf. baseline Yazidi kiras guhertin caution under Resurrection).
Mammon
Approved rendering: Mal / Mamon
Transliteration: mal / Mamon
Doctrine: Wealth, Stewardship, and Mammon
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Poverty and Justice
New term. Occurs at Luke 12:15-21; 16:9-13. A rival object of ultimate trust/service, not possessions per se.
Narrow Door
Approved rendering: Deriyê teng
Transliteration: deriyê teng
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: στενὴ θύρα
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at Luke 13:24. Salvation open to all who enter by faith, but not automatic by ethnic/religious birthright.
Joy
Approved rendering: Şahî
Transliteration: şahî
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at Luke 15:7,10; 24:41,52. Strong secular national-celebration connotation (e.g. Newroz); must be anchored specifically to spiritual joy over repentance and the resurrection, not festival happiness.
Widow
Approved rendering: Bî
Transliteration: bî
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Poverty and Justice
New term. Occurs at Luke 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4. Recurring marginalized/vulnerable category throughout Luke.
Crippled Lame
Approved rendering: Seqet / Şeht
Transliteration: seqet / şeht
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάπειρος / χωλός
Category: Poverty and Justice
New term. Occurs at Luke 14:13,21. Directly echoes the core passage’s categories (4:18), applied as a concrete table-fellowship mandate.
Consolation Of Israel
Approved rendering: Handana Îsraîlê
Transliteration: handana Îsraîlê
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: παράκλησις τοῦ Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at Luke 2:25 (Simeon). Requires OT-background teaching; distinguish from modern political restoration of the state of Israel.
Prophetess
Approved rendering: Pêxemberê jin
Transliteration: pêxemberê jin
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφῆτις
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at Luke 2:36 (Anna). A grammatical-gender question per baseline gender-language handling guidance.
Tempted
Approved rendering: Ceribandin
Transliteration: ceribandin
Doctrine: Son of Man and Humanity of Christ
Original: πειράζω
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at Luke 4:1-13; 11:16; 20:23. Genuine testing overcome, not moral failure; ties to the Humanity of Christ doctrine.
Wrath
Approved rendering: Xezeb
Transliteration: xezeb
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability and Sin
Original: ὀργή
Category: Sin
New term. Occurs at Luke 3:7; 21:23. Must remain personal, moral, and covenantal divine response to sin, not impersonal fate.
Low Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Pêxemberî
Transliteration: pêxemberî
Doctrine: Messianic Promise and Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Present thematically at Luke 1:67 (Zechariah’s prophecy) and throughout the fulfillment texts.
David
Approved rendering: Dawid
Transliteration: Dawid
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package; retained exactly. Occurs at Luke 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44; the covenant-king typology pointing to Messiah must be supplied, not assumed, as with the baseline entry.
Referenced passages