Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Jude
English/Greek → Kurdish (Kurmanji) | Phase 1, Step 1 Deliverable
Curriculum: Jude
Core passage: Jude 1:3–23
Coverage: All terms below are drawn from across the entire book (vv.1–25), per the semantic analysis in 07_semantic_analysis.md. Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json are marked REUSE and use the exact recorded Kurdish rendering — no deviation permitted. Terms first established for this Jude curriculum are marked NEW and are proposed as translation memory additions in Phase 1 Step 2.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Romans Baseline Translation Memory
| Term (EN) | Original | Kurdish | Risk | Doctrine | Jude Reference(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| salvation | σωτηρία | Rizgarî | Critical | Salvation | 1:3 (“common salvation”) | Must remain anchored to personal/spiritual deliverance, not Kurdish national-liberation vocabulary. |
| faith | πίστις | Îman | High | Faith | 1:3, 1:20 | Sense shifts here toward “the deposit of doctrine,” not only fiduciary trust; note this shift in translator notes. |
| saints | ἅγιοι | Pîrozan | High | Sainthood | 1:3 | Corporate body, not a Sufi-pîr-style elite; here specifically entrusted with guarding the faith. |
| grace | χάρις | Kerem | High | Grace | 1:4 | Risk direction here is grace-into-license, opposite emphasis from the elite-favor risk noted in Romans, but same Kurdish term. |
| lord | κύριος | Xudan | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:4, 1:5(variant), 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25 | The letter’s most frequent Critical term; occurs stacked with δεσπότης in 1:4 — see “Master” (NEW) below for the distinct companion title. |
| holy | ἅγιος | Pîroz | Medium | Sanctification / Sainthood | 1:14 (“holy ones”), 1:20 (“most holy faith”) | |
| angels | ἄγγελος | — (see NEW: Milyaket) | — | — | 1:6 | Term itself is NEW for this curriculum; doctrine category “angels/fallen angels” not previously addressed in Romans. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Îsa | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | Textual variant at 1:5 requires a documented translator decision. |
| Christ/Messiah | Χριστός | Mesîh | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | |
| God | θεός | Xwedê | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | |
| Father | πατήρ | Bav | Critical | Adoption into God’s Family | 1:1 | |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | Sanctification | 1:19, 1:20 | 1:19’s “devoid of the Spirit” is the negative counterpart to 1:20’s “praying in the Holy Spirit” — teach together. |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | Şandî | Medium | Apostleship | 1:17 | |
| peace | εἰρήνη | Aştî | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2 | |
| sin/sinners | ἁμαρτία/ἁμαρτωλός | Guneh(kar) | High | Universal Human Accountability | 1:15 | |
| glory | δόξα | Rûmet | Medium | Deity of Christ | 1:8 (abstract “glorious ones”), 1:24, 1:25 | |
| called | κλητός | Bangkirî | High | Divine Calling | 1:1 | |
| David | — | Dawid | Low | — | (not in Jude; retained for cross-reference consistency only) | Not applicable to Jude directly. |
| prophesied/prophecy | προφητεύω/προφητεία | Pêxemberî | Low (independently); High in 1:14 context | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Inspiration of Scripture | 1:14, 1:15 | Elevated risk here specifically because the source text (1 Enoch) is non-canonical — see doctrine registry entry below. |
| exhort/appeal | παρακαλέω | (context: “appealing,” 1:3) — reuse Handan kirin / Şîret kirin per baseline’s context-sensitivity rule | Low | Mutual Edification | 1:3 |
B. New Terms Established for Jude (Proposed Translation Memory Additions)
| Term (EN) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Kurdish Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | Jude Reference(s) | Rationale / Risk Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| contend | ἐπαγωνίζομαι | epagōnizesthai | Têkoşîn kirin | Critical | Contending for the Faith | 1:3 | Dual overlap with Kurdish nationalist liberation-struggle vocabulary AND Islamic jihad-adjacent struggle concept. Must always be qualified with explicit non-violent, doctrinal/teaching framing at every occurrence. |
| once for all delivered | ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ | hapax paradotheisē | Îmana ku carekê û ji bo her û hertim hatiye spartin | High | Contending for the Faith | 1:3 | Risk of over-assimilation into Qur’anic finality-of-revelation (khatam al-anbiya) framework, including its implicit corruption (tahrif) claim about prior revelation. |
| beloved | ἀγαπητός | agapētos | Hezkirî | Medium | Divine Calling / Fellowship | 1:3, 1:17, 1:20 | Must retain passive sense (“one who is loved by God”), not active “one who loves.” |
| love (agape) | ἀγάπη | agapē | Evîn | High | Adoption / Fellowship | 1:2, 1:12 (“love feasts”), 1:21 | Chosen for its resonance with Kurdish Sufi mystical-love poetic register (asset per baseline’s Father/Glory entries); must not be confused with the poetry’s lover/beloved erotic-mystical metaphor. |
| servant | δοῦλος | doulos | Xulam | Medium | (new doctrine: Servanthood/Self-Identification) | 1:1 | Positive parallel with Islamic ‘abd Allah; anchor as glad relational devotion to Christ specifically, not generic creaturely submission. |
| Master (Despotēs) | δεσπότης | despotēs | Serwer | High | Lordship of Christ / Deity of Christ | 1:4 | Must remain lexically distinct from Xudan (κύριος) so Jude’s deliberate double-title stacking is preserved. |
| ungodly / ungodliness | ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια | asebēs / asebeia | Bêxweda / Bêxwedatî | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:15 (×4), 1:18 | Recurring 6x; must render with the SAME Kurdish term at every occurrence to preserve Jude’s rhetorical repetition, especially the fivefold concentration in v.15. |
| sensuality/licentiousness | ἀσέλγεια | aselgeia | Bêbendîtî | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4 | Anchor to the specific grace-into-license distortion, not a generic vice list. |
| deny | ἀρνέομαι | arneomai | Înkar kirin | Medium | Lordship of Christ | 1:4 | Object of denial (Christ’s Lordship) must remain explicit. |
| angels (fallen) | ἄγγελος | angelos | Milyaket | High | OT/Angelic Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | 1:6 | Islamic angelology holds angels sinless; the premise of fallen, judged angels is a genuine doctrinal collision requiring explicit teaching. |
| eternal/everlasting | αἰώνιος / ἀΐδιος | aiōnios / aidios | Herheyî | High | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Doxology | 1:6, 1:7, 1:13, 1:21, 1:25 | Native term preferred over Arabic loan “ebedî”; anchor away from generic Jannah/Jahannam-only associations. |
| devil | διάβολος | diabolos | Îblîs | High | OT/Angelic Types | 1:9 | Shared Qur’anic figure (asset) but with a different core narrative (refusal to bow vs. dispute over Moses’ body); disambiguate explicitly. |
| archangel Michael | ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ | archangelos Michaēl | Mîkaîlê Serokfirişte | Medium-High | OT/Angelic Types | 1:9 | Shared Qur’anic figure (asset); the specific dispute-over-Moses’-body narrative is not part of Qur’anic material and needs brief framing. |
| blaspheme/blasphemy | βλασφημέω / βλασφημία | blasphēmeō / blasphēmia | Heqaretkirin (li dijî rûmetê) | Critical | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15 | Real-world legal/safety weight from regional blasphemy-law contexts (notably Iran); avoid Arabic-cognate terms directly tied to the legally-loaded “kufr” category — use descriptive “dishonoring/belittling glory” phrasing instead. Flag for theologian AND safety review at every occurrence. |
| flesh (moral sense) | σάρξ | sarx | Laş | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:7, 1:8, 1:23 | Convey moral corruption, not ritual/physical uncleanliness. |
| Sodom and Gomorrah / unnatural desire | Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα / σαρκὸς ἑτέρας | Sodoma kai Gomorra / sarkos heteras | Sodom û Gomorra / dûndana neheq a zayendî | Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:7 | Shared Qur’anic narrative (Qawmê Lût) — asset for comprehension; do not reduce to mere vice-list moralism. |
| Cain / Balaam / Korah | Κάϊν / Βαλαάμ / Κόρε | Kain / Balaam / Kore | Qayîn / Belam / Qore | Medium | OT Warnings as Types | 1:11 | Cain and Korah (as Qārūn) have strong Qur’anic parallels (assets); Balaam’s identification with Qur’an 7:175-176 is possible but not universally recognized — note as uncertain. |
| kept/preserved | τηρέω | tēreō | Parastin | Critical | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:1, 1:6 (×2), 1:13, 1:21, 1:24 | The letter’s central recurring verb, applied to BOTH judicial custody of the condemned (negative) and covenant-security of believers (positive) — Jude’s deliberate wordplay. Same Kurdish verb MUST be used at every occurrence or the letter’s own argument is lost. |
| judgment (day/tribunal) | κρίσις / κρίμα | krisis / krima | Dadgehî | Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:15 | Broadly compatible with Islamic Yawm al-Qiyamah (asset); specific criteria (rejection of Christ’s lordship) must stay explicit. |
| grumblers / malcontents | γογγυστής / μεμψίμοιρος | gongystēs / mempsimoiros | Gilîkar û Nerazî | Low | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:16 | Echoes wilderness Israel’s grumbling (Exodus/Numbers), reinforcing OT-types doctrine. |
| scoffers | ἐμπαίκτης | empaiktēs | Tinazkar | Low-Medium | Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | 1:18 | |
| last time/last days | ἔσχατος χρόνος | eschatos chronos | Dema Dawî | Medium-High | (eschatology, cross-cutting) | 1:18 | Compatible with but must be distinguished from Islamic akhir zaman apocalyptic figures (Mahdi, Dajjal). |
| worldly/soulish, devoid of the Spirit | ψυχικός, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχων | psychikos, pneuma mē echōn | Canî, bêyî Ruh | High | (new: Regeneration/Spirit-Indwelling, cross-cutting with Sanctification) | 1:19 | Genuine linguistic gap: Kurdish giyan/giyanî is already claimed for “spiritual” (πνευματικός); use the distinct root “can” for the “soulish/natural” (ψυχικός) sense so Jude’s own contrast is not erased. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | Dilovanî | High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:2, 1:21, 1:22, 1:23 | Native term preferred over Arabic-cognate “rehm” to avoid dilution into the generic Islamic Rahman/Rahim universal-compassion attribute; anchor to Christ’s specific saving mercy. |
| doubt/waver | διακρίνομαι | diakrinomai | Dudilan (n.) / Dudil bûn (v.) | Medium-High | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:9 (different sense: “dispute”), 1:22 (reflexive: “waver”) | Must be clearly distinguished from the false teachers themselves — a pastoral category of struggling insiders, not condemned outsiders. |
| snatch from the fire (rescue) | ἁρπάζω ἐκ πυρός | harpazō ek pyros | Ji agir revandin (Rizgar kirin) | Critical | Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | 1:23 | Builds on Rizgarî/Rizgar kirin (REUSE, Critical); urgent rescue imagery must not collapse into merely physical/this-worldly rescue. |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | Jiyana Herheyî | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:21 | Anchor to relationship with Christ, not generic paradise/Jannah imagery. |
| present blameless | στῆσαι ἀμώμους | stēsai amōmous | Bêkêmasî sekinandin | High | Kept by God and Presented Blameless | 1:24 | Forensic/positional declaration accomplished by God (parallels “imputed righteousness” pattern) — not the believer’s own achieved moral perfection. |
| Savior | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Rizgarker | Critical | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | Built directly on Rizgarî (REUSE, Critical); same anchoring discipline applies — must not default to a political-liberator title; always pair with “through Jesus Christ our Lord.” |
| dominion and authority | κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία | kratos kai exousia | Desthilatdarî | High | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | ”Desthilatdarî” is the exact standard Kurdish political-sovereignty/self-determination term; risk of blending with Kurdish statehood aspirations parallels the existing Kingdom of God caution. Must be taught as exclusively God’s own transcendent sovereignty. |
| majesty | μεγαλωσύνη | megalōsynē | Mezinahî | Low-Medium | Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | 1:25 | |
| James (proper name) | Ἰάκωβος | Iakōbos | Aqûb (tentative) | Medium | — | 1:1 | Confirm against established Kurdish NT precedent for the Epistle of James; keep consistent across curriculum. |
| Jude (proper name, author) | Ἰούδας | Ioudas | Cihûda (tentative) | Medium | — | 1:1 | Must be clearly disambiguated from Judas Iscariot in all cross-references. |
C. Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (per curriculum’s six named doctrines)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms | Overall Risk |
|---|---|---|
| Contending for the Faith Once Delivered | Têkoşîn kirin, Îman, Pîrozan, Hezkirî, “once for all delivered” phrase | Critical |
| Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers | Bêxweda/Bêxwedatî, Bêbendîtî, Heqaretkirin (blasphemy), Milyaket, Dadgehî, Herheyî | Critical |
| OT Warnings as Types (Israel, Angels, Sodom) | Rizgarî (Exodus, v.5), Milyaket, Sodom û Gomorra, Qayîn/Belam/Qore | High |
| Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering | Dilovanî, Dudilan, Ji agir revandin/Rizgar kirin, Laş | Critical |
| Kept by God and Presented Blameless | Parastin, Jiyana Herheyî, Bêkêmasî sekinandin | Critical |
| Doxology and God’s Preserving Power | Rizgarker, Rûmet, Mezinahî, Desthilatdarî, Xwedê, Parastin | Critical |
D. Terms Flagged for Mandatory Theologian Review (Every Occurrence)
Per the priority order established in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, the following Jude-specific terms/passages require Critical-tier, human-theologian review at every occurrence, in addition to all pre-existing Romans Critical terms recurring in Jude (Rizgarî, Xudan, Îsa, Mesîh, Xwedê, Ruhê Pîroz):
- Têkoşîn kirin (“contend,” 1:3) — political/jihad-struggle overlap risk
- Parastin (“kept/preserved,” 1:1, 1:6, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24) — the letter’s central theological argument
- Heqaretkirin (“blaspheme,” 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15) — safety and legal risk, not only theological
- Rizgarker (“Savior,” 1:25) and Ji agir revandin (“snatch from the fire,” 1:23) — Rizgarî-family anchoring discipline
- Desthilatdarî (“dominion/authority,” 1:25) — Kingdom-of-God-style political-sovereignty overlap
- Serwer (“Master,” 1:4) — must remain distinct from Xudan to preserve the double Lordship/Ownership title
- Canî, bêyî Ruh (“worldly, devoid of the Spirit,” 1:19) — linguistic-gap risk against the giyanî (“spiritual”) root
- Jude 1:5’s Ἰησοῦς/κύριος textual variant — documented translator decision required
- Jude 1:14’s citation of Enoch (non-canonical source) — Inspiration of Scripture doctrine
This glossary extends, and does not contradict, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. All new terms above are proposed for formal addition to translation memory (version increment) in the next Phase 1 step.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rizgarî
Transliteration: rizgarî
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:3 (‘common salvation’) and 1:23 (rescue imagery), remains the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political-nationalist liberation across all four host states; must be anchored to personal, spiritual deliverance from sin and judgment at every Jude occurrence, not read as shared national liberation or as coding the letter as political speech.
Lord
Approved rendering: Xudan
Transliteration: Xudan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Jude’s most frequent Critical term (1:4, 1:5 textual variant, 1:9, 1:14, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). In 1:4 it is stacked with the distinct new title ‘Serwer’ (despotēs, absolute owner) — the two Kurdish words MUST remain lexically distinct so Jude’s deliberate double-title confession of ownership plus lordship is not flattened into one.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Îsa
Transliteration: Îsa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:5 carries a significant textual variant (Ἰησοῦς vs. ὁ κύριος as the one who saved a people out of Egypt); a translator’s note recording the manuscript decision is REQUIRED at this verse, since it bears directly on how explicitly the verse identifies Christ with YHWH’s Exodus-era action.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesîh
Transliteration: Mesîh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Jude paired with Îsa and Xudan (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25). No new Jude-specific risk beyond the existing Quranic al-Masih and Alevi/Yarsani-figure cautions already documented.
God
Approved rendering: Xwedê
Transliteration: Xwedê
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:1 (‘God the Father’) and 1:25 (‘the only God, our Savior’). No new Jude-specific risk beyond the baseline tawhid-versus-Trinity caution already documented.
Father
Approved rendering: Bav
Transliteration: Bav
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / Divine Calling
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:1: ‘beloved in God the Father.’ No new Jude-specific risk beyond the baseline tawhid-anthropomorphism caution already documented.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:20’s ‘praying in the Holy Spirit’ is the deliberate positive counterpart to 1:19’s false teachers ‘devoid of the Spirit’ (see NEW term worldly_soulish); teach both verses together. Baseline caution against conflation with the angel Jibril remains fully in force.
Contend
Approved rendering: Têkoşîn kirin
Transliteration: têkoşîn kirin
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: Şer kirin (rejected: directly militarized, worse than Têkoşîn kirin), Parastin kirin (rejected: too soft, loses ἐπαγωνίζομαι’s intensive register, and collides with the already-fixed Parastin/kept-preserved term)
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Faith
NEW. Jude’s thesis verb (1:3). Têkoşîn is the single most loaded struggle-word in modern Kurdish political vocabulary — the standard term for the armed/political liberation struggle across all four Kurdish-populated states — and also overlaps with Islamic jihad’s semantic space. MUST be paired with an explicit non-violent, teaching-and-holy-living qualifying clause (e.g., ‘bi rêya hînkirin û jiyana pîroz’) at EVERY occurrence; never permit the bare verb to stand alone in any Phase 2 output.
Blasphemy
Approved rendering: Heqaretkirin (li dijî rûmetê)
Transliteration: heqaretkirin (li dijî rûmetê)
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Blasphemy Against Glorious Beings
Rejected alternatives: Any Arabic-cognate term directly tied to the legally-loaded ‘kufr’ category — explicitly rejected
Original: βλασφημέω / βλασφημία
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:8, 1:9, 1:10, 1:15. CRITICAL beyond ordinary doctrinal risk: blasphemy carries severe real-world legal and social consequences under blasphemy laws in several of the four Kurdish-populated states, particularly Iran. Use ONLY the descriptive Kurdish phrase (‘dishonoring/belittling glory’); never an Arabic-cognate kufr-adjacent term. Flag for BOTH theological AND safety review at every occurrence.
Kept Preserved
Approved rendering: Parastin
Transliteration: parastin
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: τηρέω
Category: Kept by God
NEW. τηρέω, the letter’s central recurring verb (1:1, 1:6 ×2, 1:13, 1:21, 1:24), applied to BOTH the judicial custody of the condemned (negative) and the covenant-security of believers (positive) — Jude’s own deliberate structural wordplay. A SINGLE, INVARIANT Kurdish verb must be used at every occurrence regardless of positive/negative valence; varying it by context destroys the letter’s own theological argument. This is a process-control requirement, not a lexical-choice problem — mandate a cross-occurrence consistency check at Phase 2 Step 17.
Snatch From Fire
Approved rendering: Ji agir revandin (Rizgar kirin)
Transliteration: ji agir revandin (rizgar kirin)
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering / Salvation
Original: σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες
Category: Salvation
NEW. Jude 1:23 (σῴζετε ἐκ πυρὸς ἁρπάζοντες). Compound needed because no single Kurdish verb carries both ἁρπάζω’s forceful urgency and Rizgarî’s established spiritual-salvation freight. Must never stand without the surrounding spiritual-judgment context (linking back to 1:7’s fire) made explicit, per the Rizgarî-family Critical anchoring rule; risk of a merely physical ‘rescue from danger’ reading otherwise.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: Îman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith / Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude the sense shifts from Romans’ predominantly fiduciary trust-in-Christ meaning toward the objective, credal sense: the fixed body of apostolic doctrine ‘once for all delivered to the saints’ (1:3) and believers’ ‘most holy faith’ (1:20). Flag this sense-shift with a translator’s note at each Jude occurrence; still distinct from the region’s six-pillars creedal-assent structure per the baseline’s existing caution.
Saints
Approved rendering: Pîrozan
Transliteration: pîrozan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. In Jude 1:3, saints are additionally the corporate body entrusted with GUARDING the once-delivered faith, not a specialized class’s task alone; reinforce baseline caution against the hereditary, shrine-venerated Sufi ‘pîr’ elite.
Grace
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Grace / Grace Perverted into License
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:4 runs the OPPOSITE risk direction from Romans’ Sufi-keramet elite-favor caution: here false teachers pervert grace into license for sensuality (Bêbendîtî). Both distortions must be guarded against wherever Kerem appears across the curriculum; make the specific direction of distortion clear from context.
Sin
Approved rendering: Guneh
Transliteration: guneh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:15: ‘ungodly sinners’ who spoke harsh things against the Lord. No new Jude-specific risk beyond the baseline’s fitrah-doctrine caution.
Called
Approved rendering: Bangkirî
Transliteration: bangkirî
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Beloved Status
Original: κλητός
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:1: the letter’s addressees are identified first and foremost as ‘those who are called,’ before any warning material follows. The direction of address (God calling a person) must stay explicit.
Once For All Delivered
Approved rendering: Îmana ku carekê û ji bo her û hertim hatiye spartin
Transliteration: îmana ku carekê û ji bo her û hertim hatiye spartin
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅπαξ παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Faith
NEW. Jude 1:3. Superficially resonates with the Islamic doctrine of the Qur’an as final, complete revelation (khatam al-anbiya), including its implicit tahrif claim about prior revelation. Must be taught as: this faith was completed in the apostolic era, NOT that other traditions’ scripture is thereby corrupt or irrelevant — a distinct argument from naskh/tahrif.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: Evîn
Transliteration: evîn
Doctrine: Fellowship and Mutual Edification / Adoption
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:2 (greeting), 1:21 (‘keep yourselves in the love of God’). Chosen for its resonance with Kurdish classical Sufi mystical-love poetry (Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) — a genuine asset for warmth — but must not be confused with that poetry’s lover/beloved erotic-mystical metaphor for divine union; anchor explicitly to covenantal, familial, self-giving love each occurrence.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: Serwer
Transliteration: serwer
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
NEW. Jude 1:4, stacked with Xudan (κύριος) in ‘our only Master and Lord.’ Must remain a genuinely distinct Kurdish word from Xudan or Jude’s rhetorical stacking of ownership plus lordship — an emphatic high-Christology statement the false teachers deny — is lost. Also crowded by ordinary Kurdish usage as ‘chief/leader’ (e.g., serwerê partiyê, party leader); must be reserved in this theological register exclusively for Christ’s absolute ownership-lordship and not allowed to drift toward a merely administrative reading. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Ungodly
Approved rendering: Bêxweda / Bêxwedatî
Transliteration: bêxweda / bêxwedatî
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσεβής / ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
NEW. Recurs six times (1:4, 1:15 ×4, 1:18) — the densest concentration of this word-family in the NT. MUST use the SAME Kurdish term at every occurrence to preserve Jude’s own deliberate rhetorical repetition. Risk that readers hear ‘bêxweda’ as simple ‘atheist,’ missing the fuller sense of active, presumptuous irreverence; supply a defining gloss at first occurrence (1:4).
Sensuality
Approved rendering: Bêbendîtî
Transliteration: bêbendîtî
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Grace Perverted into License
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
NEW. Jude 1:4. Native compound (bê- ‘without’ + bend ‘restraint/bond’). Given regional sharia-adjacent moral vocabulary around sexual conduct, this resonates usefully but must be anchored specifically to the grace-into-license distortion of 1:4, not read as a generic vice list.
Reject Authority
Approved rendering: Ji xudantiyê red dibin
Transliteration: ji xudantiyê red dibin
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν
Category: Christology
NEW. Jude 1:8 (κυριότητα ἀθετοῦσιν). Built on Xudan; must retain the connection to Christ’s own Lordship doctrine, not be flattened into generic ‘authority/leadership’ rejection such as mere anti-institutionalism.
Designated Beforehand
Approved rendering: Berê ve hatine nîşankirin
Transliteration: berê ve hatine nîşankirin
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Providence
Original: προγεγραμμένοι
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:4 (προγεγραμμένοι). Intersects with providence/foreknowledge doctrine; must avoid collapsing into fatalistic qadar language that would remove the false teachers’ own personal moral culpability, which the verse still clearly affirms.
Angels Fallen
Approved rendering: Milyaket
Transliteration: milyaket
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types / Angelology: Fallen Angels
Original: ἄγγελοι
Category: Angelology
NEW. Jude 1:6. Mainstream Islamic angelology holds angels sinless and incapable of disobedience — a genuine doctrinal-content collision, not a word-choice problem. The word itself is fine; the premise it describes (angels who rebelled) contradicts the reader’s likely default theology and must be taught explicitly.
Eternal Everlasting
Approved rendering: Herheyî
Transliteration: herheyî
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Eschatological Judgment / Doxology
Rejected alternatives: Ebedî (Arabic loan, rejected in favor of native vocabulary)
Original: αἰώνιος / ἀΐδιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Used at 1:6 (chains), 1:7 (fire), 1:13 (darkness reserved), 1:21 (eternal life), 1:25 (before all time…forever). Native term preferred over the Arabic loan ‘ebedî’; must be distinguished from generic Islamic barzakh/Jahannam afterlife imagery so it is tied to this specific NT doctrine of judgment and preservation.
Devil
Approved rendering: Îblîs
Transliteration: îblîs
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types / Angelology
Rejected alternatives: Şeytan (retained as a possible secondary gloss where Iblis-specific associations risk more confusion than help)
Original: διάβολος
Category: Angelology
NEW. Jude 1:9. Shared Qur’anic figure (Iblis, refusal to bow to Adam, Qur’an 2:34, 7:11-18) — a recognition asset — but the Qur’anic narrative differs substantially from Jude’s Moses’-body dispute; must not be assumed to carry an identical background story. Brief narrative reframing required at 1:9.
Archangel Michael
Approved rendering: Mîkaîlê Serokfirişte
Transliteration: Mîkaîlê Serokfirişte
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types / Angelology
Original: ἀρχάγγελος Μιχαήλ
Category: Angelology
NEW. Jude 1:9. Mîkaîl is a recognized Qur’anic figure (Qur’an 2:98), one of the four great archangels in Islamic angelology — a genuine shared-recognition asset — but the specific apocryphal narrative referenced (dispute over Moses’ body, likely from the Assumption of Moses) is not part of Qur’anic Mikail material and needs brief explanatory framing.
Last Time
Approved rendering: Dema Dawî
Transliteration: dema dawî
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Last Days
Original: ἔσχατος χρόνος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Jude 1:18. Shares broad compatibility with Islamic akhir zaman expectation — an asset — but must not import distinct Islamic apocalyptic figures (Mahdi, Dajjal, a specifically Islamic return of Isa) into this passage’s specifically Christian eschatological content.
Worldly Soulish
Approved rendering: Canî, bêyî Ruh
Transliteration: canî, bêyî Ruh
Doctrine: Spirit-Indwelling as the Mark of True Faith
Rejected alternatives: Giyanî-root derivatives (rejected: giyan/giyanî is already committed to the ‘spiritual’/πνευματικός sense in Ruhê Pîroz and Diyariyên Giyanî; reusing it for ψυχικός would erase Jude’s own contrast)
Original: ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Jude 1:19 (ψυχικοί, πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες). Genuine linguistic-gap term: repurposes the native root ‘can’ (natural life/soul) for the ‘soulish/natural, non-Spirit-indwelt’ sense, paired with the text’s own clarifying clause. Must be taught explicitly the first time it appears or it will read as a mere synonym of giyanî rather than its deliberate theological opposite. Flag for theologian review given the doctrinal weight of distinguishing true believers from the false teachers.
Present Blameless
Approved rendering: Bêkêmasî sekinandin
Transliteration: bêkêmasî sekinandin
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους
Category: Kept by God
NEW. Jude 1:24 (στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ ἀμώμους). ‘Bêkêmasî’ (flawless) is a generic perfection term lacking ἄμωμος’s specific OT sacrificial-offering resonance (an animal without blemish, fit for the altar); supply that background explicitly in teaching notes. Must be taught as God’s own forensic/positional accomplishment — paralleling the baseline’s ‘imputed righteousness’ Critical-risk pattern — never the believer’s self-achieved moral perfection.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Dilovanî
Transliteration: dilovanî
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: Rehm (Arabic-cognate, rejected: directly bound to the Islamic divine attributes ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim invoked in every Bismillah, which would dilute Christ’s specific saving mercy into a generic universal-compassion attribute)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Mercy
NEW. Recurs at 1:2 (greeting), 1:21 (Christ’s future consummating mercy), 1:22-23 (present, active ministry-mercy toward waverers) — two related but distinguishable senses in the same short letter; teach both. Native term ‘Dilovanî’ anchors specifically to Christ’s saving mercy at each occurrence.
Doubt Waver
Approved rendering: Dudilan
Transliteration: dudilan
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: διακρινόμενοι
Category: Mercy
NEW. Jude 1:22 (διακρινόμενοι). Same verb root as 1:9’s ‘disputing’ (a different sense) — use distinct glosses per occurrence. Must be clearly distinguished from the false teachers themselves (1:4-19): this is a pastoral category of struggling INSIDERS to be rescued, not condemned outsiders; conflating the two inverts Jude’s carefully graduated pastoral instruction.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: Jiyana Herheyî
Transliteration: jiyana herheyî
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless / Eschatological Judgment
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Jude 1:21, the goal toward which Christ’s future mercy leads. Must be anchored explicitly to relationship with Christ (1:21’s ‘waiting for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ’), not left as a generic paradise/Jannah-style afterlife image.
Ten Thousands Holy Ones
Approved rendering: Bi dehhezaran ji pîrozên xwe
Transliteration: bi dehhezaran ji pîrozên xwe
Doctrine: Eschatological Judgment and the Last Days
Original: μυριάσιν ἁγίαις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Jude 1:14 (μυριάσιν ἁγίαις), quoted from Enoch’s prophecy. Should be flagged alongside the Kingdom Mission/eschatology caution: avoid phrasing suggesting an earthly royal procession or political enthronement image, given the intensity of Kurdish statehood aspirations already documented as a risk factor for kingdom-of-God language.
Dominion Authority
Approved rendering: Desthilatdarî
Transliteration: desthilatdarî
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology
NEW. Jude 1:25 (κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία). ‘Desthilatdarî’ is the EXACT standard Kurdish political-science term for sovereignty/self-determination used in Kurdish statehood discourse, directly paralleling (and arguably sharper than) the baseline’s existing ‘Padîşahiya Xwedê’ caution. No equally weighty native alternative exists for a doxological register; retain but require explicit framing that this is God’s own transcendent, eternal sovereignty, never blended with or validating any this-worldly political sovereignty question. Flag for theologian review.
Enoch Prophecy
Approved rendering: Enox pêxemberî kir
Transliteration: Enox pêxemberî kir
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Use of Extra-Biblical Tradition
Original: Ἑνὼχ … ἐπροφήτευσεν
Category: Scripture
NEW. Jude 1:14 (direct citation of 1 Enoch 1:9). Islamic tradition identifies Enoch with the Qur’anic prophet Idris (Qur’an 19:56-57, 21:85) — a genuine recognition asset — but Idris traditions differ from and do not include the specific 1 Enoch material Jude quotes; must be taught explicitly so readers do not import unrelated Idris legendary material, and so the citation of non-canonical material is understood as Jude affirming this specific utterance as true prophecy WITHOUT canonizing the entire source book. Flag for theologian review.
Body Of Moses
Approved rendering: Laşê Mûsa
Transliteration: laşê Mûsa
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Use of Extra-Biblical Tradition
Original: Μωϋσέως σώματος
Category: Scripture
NEW. Jude 1:9, drawing on extra-biblical Jewish tradition (likely the Assumption of Moses). A translator’s note must clarify Jude cites a known Jewish tradition as historically informative without asserting the source document’s own canonical or inspired status, paralleling the Enoch-citation treatment.
Medium Risk Terms
Holy
Approved rendering: Pîroz
Transliteration: pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification / Sainthood
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Used in Jude of angelic ‘holy ones’ (1:14, ten thousands of his holy ones) and of believers’ ‘most holy faith’ (1:20); no new Jude-specific collision beyond the baseline’s generic Yazidi shared-vocabulary note.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Şandî
Transliteration: şandî
Doctrine: Apostleship / Servanthood and Apostolic Authority
Rejected alternatives: Resûl
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:17: the apostles’ prior predictions ground the letter’s warning about scoffers. No new Jude-specific risk beyond the baseline entry.
Peace
Approved rendering: Aştî
Transliteration: aştî
Doctrine: Peace with God / Epistolary Greeting Formulas
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:2: named alongside mercy and love in the opening greeting. Aştî’s resonance with real regional peace processes remains a genuine asset.
Glory
Approved rendering: Rûmet
Transliteration: rûmet
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Doxology
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Jude uses it BOTH abstractly of angelic ‘glorious ones’ whom the false teachers blaspheme (1:8, a distinct sense from Romans’ Christ/God-glory usage — flag with translator’s note) and in the closing doxology of God’s own glory (1:24-25).
Beloved
Approved rendering: Hezkirî
Transliteration: hezkirî
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Beloved Status
Original: ἀγαπητοί
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:3, 1:17, 1:20. Perfect passive participle sense (‘having been loved’) must be retained — one who is loved by God and the author, not merely ‘one who loves.’ Frames the letter’s warnings in pastoral affection rather than adversarial suspicion.
Love Feasts
Approved rendering: Xwarinên Evînê
Transliteration: xwarinên evînê
Doctrine: Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Original: ἀγάπαι
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:12. Distinct from Hevaltî (fellowship, REUSE from Romans TM); must be explained as a specific early-church communal-meal practice, not assumed as a known modern institution.
Servant
Approved rendering: Xulam
Transliteration: xulam
Doctrine: Servanthood and Apostolic Authority
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Church
NEW (first captured for this curriculum; applies equally to Romans 1:1’s identical Greek phrase, not previously itemized in the Romans baseline glossary). Jude 1:1’s self-designation. Genuine positive parallel with the foundational Islamic self-designation ‘abd Allah, an asset for comprehension, but must be taught as glad, relational devotion to Christ specifically, not generic creaturely submission to an undifferentiated divine sovereign.
Deny
Approved rendering: Înkar kirin
Transliteration: înkar kirin
Doctrine: Lordship and Deity of Christ
Original: ἀρνούμενοι
Category: Christology
NEW. Jude 1:4: false teachers ‘deny our only Master and Lord.’ Widely used Kurdish verb sharing an Arabic root with Islamic inkar (denial of faith); functional overlap not harmful, but the object of denial (Christ’s unique Lordship) must remain explicit.
Crept In Unnoticed
Approved rendering: Bi dizî tevlî bûne
Transliteration: bi dizî tevlî bûne
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: παρεισέδυσαν
Category: Judgment
NEW. Jude 1:4 (παρεισέδυσαν). Ensure ‘bi dizî’ (stealthily) is retained so the covert, illegitimate nature of the false teachers’ infiltration is not lost.
Flesh Moral
Approved rendering: Laş
Transliteration: laş
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin
NEW. Jude 1:8, 1:23 (σάρξ, morally negative sense). Native word ‘Laş’ preferred; must convey moral defilement, not mere physical or ritual uncleanliness, avoiding overlap with ritual-purity categories per the baseline’s general caution on holy/sanctification vocabulary.
Sodom Gomorrah
Approved rendering: Sodom û Gomorra
Transliteration: Sodom û Gomorra
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: OT Types
NEW. Jude 1:7. Genuine asset: the story of Lot’s people (Qawmê Lût) is a well-known, shared Qur’anic narrative (Qur’an 7:80-84; 11:77-83; 26:160-175); note narrative-detail and theological-framing differences briefly so the Qur’anic account is not assumed identical in every particular.
Cain
Approved rendering: Qayîn
Transliteration: Qayîn
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types
Original: Κάϊν
Category: OT Types
NEW. Jude 1:11. Asset: Cain and Abel (Qabîl and Habîl) is a shared, well-known Qur’anic narrative (Qur’an 5:27-31), giving genuine prior audience familiarity.
Balaam
Approved rendering: Belam
Transliteration: Belam
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types
Original: Βαλαάμ
Category: OT Types
NEW. Jude 1:11. Some regional tafsir traditions identify the unnamed figure of Qur’an 7:175-176 with Balaam — a possible but NOT universally recognized or guaranteed recognition asset; treat with appropriate caution.
Korah
Approved rendering: Qore
Transliteration: Qore
Doctrine: OT Warnings as Types
Original: Κόρε
Category: OT Types
NEW. Jude 1:11. Asset: Korah appears in the Qur’an as Qarun (Qur’an 28:76-82), a wealthy man swallowed by the earth for arrogance — a strong parallel, though the Qur’anic emphasis is more on wealth/arrogance than rebellion against appointed leadership specifically; note this nuance when teaching.
Judgment
Approved rendering: Dadgehî
Transliteration: dadgehî
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / Eschatological Judgment
Original: κρίσις / κρίμα
Category: Judgment
NEW. Recurs at 1:4, 1:6, 1:9, 1:15. Broadly compatible with Islamic Yawm al-Qiyamah — an asset for basic comprehension — but risks being absorbed into a generic works-weighing judgment framework; the specific criterion (rejection of Christ’s Lordship, 1:4) must be made explicit wherever this term appears.
Dreams False Revelation
Approved rendering: Xewnperest
Transliteration: xewnperest
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture and Use of Extra-Biblical Tradition
Original: ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι
Category: Scripture
NEW. Jude 1:8 (ἐνυπνιαζόμενοι). Flag alongside the Inspiration of Scripture doctrine: false private ‘revelation’ claims are set against the settled, once-for-all apostolic deposit of 1:3.
James Name
Approved rendering: Aqûb
Transliteration: Aqûb
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: Ἰάκωβος
Category: Proper Names
NEW, tentative. Jude 1:1, James the Just, Jude’s brother and leader of the Jerusalem church. Confirm against established Kurdish NT precedent for the Epistle of James and keep consistent across the wider curriculum before Phase 2 batch processing.
Jude Name
Approved rendering: Cihûda
Transliteration: Cihûda
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: Ἰούδας
Category: Proper Names
NEW, tentative. Jude 1:1, the letter’s author. Must be clearly disambiguated in all cross-references from Judas Iscariot (rendered separately, e.g., Cihûdayê Îskeryotî, in Gospel/Acts contexts) so readers do not confuse the epistle’s author with Christ’s betrayer.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: Handan kirin / Şîret kirin
Transliteration: handan kirin / şîret kirin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification / Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Inherited from Romans package. Jude 1:3’s ‘appealing to you’ uses the context-sensitive rule established in Romans: şîret kirin for beseeching, handan kirin for building up/encouraging.
Grumblers Malcontents
Approved rendering: Gilîkar û Nerazî
Transliteration: gilîkar û nerazî
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers / OT Warnings as Types
Original: γογγυσταί, μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Sin
NEW. Jude 1:16. Echoes wilderness Israel’s grumbling (Exodus 16, Numbers 14), reinforcing the OT-types doctrine; low independent doctrinal risk beyond that literary echo.
Scoffers
Approved rendering: Tinazkar
Transliteration: tinazkar
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται
Category: Sin
NEW. Jude 1:18. Standard descriptive term for mockers predicted by the apostles; low independent risk.
Majesty
Approved rendering: Mezinahî
Transliteration: mezinahî
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: God
NEW. Jude 1:25 (μεγαλωσύνη). Rare NT word (also Hebrews 1:3, 8:1); low independent risk as a straightforward descriptive term of praise.
Great Joy
Approved rendering: Bi şahiyeke mezin
Transliteration: bi şahiyeke mezin
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει
Category: Doxology
NEW. Jude 1:24 (ἐν ἀγαλλιάσει). Standard positive worship vocabulary; low independent risk.
Amen
Approved rendering: Amîn
Transliteration: Amîn
Doctrine: Epistolary Greeting and Closing Formulas
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Doxology
NEW for this file but consistent with the baseline instruction set’s established transliteration standard. Jude 1:25. Shared across Islamic and Christian usage in the region; uncontroversial.
Cause Divisions
Approved rendering: Dabeşiyan çêdikin
Transliteration: dabeşiyan çêdikin
Doctrine: Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:19 (ἀποδιορίζοντες), rare compound occurring only here in the NT. Low independent doctrinal risk; standard descriptive verb phrase sufficient.
Building Up
Approved rendering: Xwe ava dikin
Transliteration: xwe ava dikin
Doctrine: Fellowship and Mutual Edification
Original: ἐποικοδομοῦντες
Category: Church
NEW. Jude 1:20 (ἐποικοδομοῦντες). Positive counter-command to the false teachers’ divisiveness (1:19); low independent risk as a straightforward architectural metaphor.
Moses
Approved rendering: Mûsa
Transliteration: Mûsa
Doctrine: Proper Names
Original: Μωϋσῆς
Category: Proper Names
NEW for this file, consistent with the baseline’s established ‘Şerîeta Mûsa’ (Law of Moses) precedent. Jude 1:9. Low independent risk as a shared, positively regarded figure across regional religious traditions.
Low (baseline) / High (in Jude’s Enoch-citation context, see enoch_prophecy) Risk Terms
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Pêxemberî
Transliteration: pêxemberî
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy / Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητεύω / προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package for the general sense at 1:15 (Enoch ‘prophesied’). Risk is elevated specifically for the act of citing Enoch’s non-canonical prophecy — see the NEW term ‘enoch_prophecy’ below for that elevated, Jude-specific risk tier and required teaching content.
Referenced passages