Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Peter
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, covering 1 Peter chapters 1-5 in full. Terms marked REUSED are fixed in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json and must be enforced exactly as recorded there — no re-derivation. Terms marked NEW are proposed here for the first time for this curriculum and should be added to translation memory (with version increment) before Phase 2 processing begins, per the baseline’s own enforcement instructions.
Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in 1 Peter
| Term | Kurdish (baseline) | Risk (baseline) | 1 Peter References | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | Xwedê | Critical | 1:2,3,5,21; 2:4,5,15,16,17,19,20; 3:4,5,17,18,20,21,22; 4:2,6,10,11,14,16,17,19; 5:2,5,6,10,12 | No change; tawhid-vs-Trinity vigilance applies throughout. |
| Father | Bav | Critical | 1:2,3,17 | No change. |
| Lord (Christ) | Xudan | Critical | 1:3,25; 2:3,13; 3:6,15; 3:22 (implied); 5:14 | Never applied to a human in this absolute sense — see 3:6 caution in semantic analysis. |
| Jesus | Îsa | Critical | throughout | No change. |
| Christ / Messiah | Mesîh | Critical | throughout | No change; root of new term “Mesîhî” (Christian). |
| Holy Spirit | Ruhê Pîroz | Critical | 1:2,12; 4:14 | No change. |
| Resurrection | Rabûn | Critical | 1:3; 3:21 | Foundational to the core doctrine; no change. |
| Salvation | Rizgarî | Critical | 1:5,9,10; 2:2; 3:20 (implied); 4:18 | Anchoring instruction from baseline applies without modification. |
| Grace | Kerem | High | 1:2,10,13; 2:19,20; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5,10,12 | Extremely frequent in 1 Peter; the Sufi-keramet caution applies at every occurrence. |
| Faith | Îman | High | 1:5,7,9,21; 5:9 | No change. |
| Righteousness | Adalet | Critical (per registry) | 2:24; 3:12,14,18 | No change; central to “Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake.” |
| Holy | Pîroz | High | 1:15,16; 2:5,9; 3:5 | No change; note 1 Peter never uses “saints” (hagioi) as a noun-title, only the adjective. |
| Sanctification | Teqdîs | High | 1:2 | No change. |
| Glory | Rûmet | High | 1:7,8,11,21,24; 2:12; 4:11,13,14; 5:1,4,10 | Very frequent; ties into “crown of glory” and “Spirit of glory.” |
| Sin | Guneh | High | 2:22,24; 4:1,8,18 | No change. |
| Peace | Aştî | Medium | 5:14 | No change. |
| Election / chosen | Hilbijartin | High | 1:1,2; 2:4,6,9 | No change; frequent in ch.2’s priesthood/nation imagery. |
| Gentiles / outsiders | Ne-cihû | Medium | 2:12; 4:3 | Note referent shift: general outsiders/unbelievers, not the Jew-Gentile theological pairing. |
| Apostle | Şandî | Medium | 1:1 | No change. |
| Providence | Rêveberiya Xwedê | Medium | 1:2 (foreknowledge); 4:19; 5:6-7 | No change. |
| Power of God | Hêza Xwedê | Medium | 1:5 | No change. |
| Fellowship | Hevaltî (root) | Medium | 2:17 (brotherhood, related); 4:13 (sharing sufferings, related) | Root reused for new compounds; see “brotherhood” and “share in Christ’s sufferings” below. |
| Prophet / prophecy | Pêxember / Pêxemberî | High / Low | 1:10-12 | No change. |
| Exhort (encourage) | Handan kirin | Low | 5:12 (implied purpose of letter) | No change. |
New Terms Proposed for 1 Peter
| Term (English) | Greek / Transliteration | Kurdish Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Chapter Refs | Rejected Alternative(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Regeneration / new birth | ἀναγεννάω / anagennaō | Ji Nû Ve Hatin Zayîn / Jidayikbûna Nû | ji nû ve hatin zayîn | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 1:23 | — | No Islamic category for spiritual rebirth exists (fitrah assumes innate purity); Yazidi “kiras guhertin” (soul transmigration) creates a second, distinct assimilation risk. |
| Living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα / elpis zōsa | Hêviya Zindî | hêviya zindî | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | — | Hêvî’s overlap with Kurdish national-aspiration vocabulary requires explicit resurrection-anchoring at every occurrence. |
| Inheritance | κληρονομία / klēronomia | Mîras | mîras | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:4; 3:7,9 | — | Collides with Quranic fixed-share inheritance law and aşîret lineage-inheritance customs. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος / eleos | Rehmet | rehmet | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | — | Shares root with Islam’s central divine names ar-Rahman/ar-Rahim; must be anchored to Christ’s resurrection specifically. |
| Blessed (doxological, of God) | εὐλογητός / eulogētos | Pesindar | pesindar | Medium | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3 | Bereketdar | Bereket/baraka carries Sufi transferable-blessing-substance connotations, rejected. |
| Blessed (beatitude, of people) | μακάριος / makarios | Xwezî | xwezî | Medium | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:14; 4:14 | — | Established Beatitudes-pattern idiom; keep distinct from eulogētos above. |
| Trials / testing | πειρασμός / peirasmos | Ceribandinên Cûrbecûr | ceribandin | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 1:6 | — | Parallels but must be distinguished from Islamic imtihan/balâ trial-and-reward theology. |
| Tested genuineness | δοκίμιον / dokimion | Rastbûna Îmanê ya Ceribandî | dokîmiyon (translit. only) | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:7 | — | Compound phrase required; single word risks collapsing into “faith” alone. |
| Revelation / appearing (of Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις / apokalypsis | Eşkerebûna Îsa Mesîh | eşkerebûn | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:7,13; 4:13 | — | Must stay distinct from “inspiration of Scripture” sense of revelation (baseline). |
| Love | ἀγάπη / agapaō | Hezkirin | hezkirin | High | Living Hope of the Resurrection; general | 1:8,22; 4:8 | Evîn | Evîn’s Sufi lover/beloved mystical resonance risks assimilating Christ’s love into mystical union; reserved for devotional/poetic use only, with caution. |
| Redeemed / ransomed | λυτρόω / lytroō | hatin kirrîn | hatin kirrîn | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:18 | Fîdye | Fidye names a narrower Islamic legal-compensation category (missed-fast/captive ransom), not general atonement. |
| Blood of Christ | αἷμα Χριστοῦ / haima Christou | Xwîna Mesîh | xwîna Mesîh | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:2,19; 2:24 (implied) | — | Qurban/sacrificial resonance is an asset but Islamic qurban is commemorative, not atoning; distinction must be taught. |
| Lamb without blemish | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος / amnos amōmos | Berxê Bêqusûr û Bênijas | berxê bêqusûr | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:19 | — | Same qurban/Eid al-Adha resonance and distinction as above. |
| Living stone | λίθος ζῶν / lithos zōn | Kevirê Zindî | kevirê zindî | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:4,5 | — | Risk of assimilation to the venerated Black Stone (Ka’aba) tradition; must be taught as a living metaphor, not a physical relic. |
| Cornerstone | ἀκρογωνιαῖος / akrogōniaios | Kevirê Serê Goşeyê | — | Medium | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:6-7 | — | Low collision architectural metaphor. |
| Spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός / oikos pneumatikos | Xaniyê Giyanî | xaniyê giyanî | Medium | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5 | — | Giyanî (“spiritual”) must always be retained. |
| Royal / holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα / hierateuma | Kahîniya Pîroz / Kahîniya Padîşahî | kahîn | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:5,9 | — | Kahîn’s pre-Islamic pagan-soothsayer etymology plus the total absence of a priestly-caste concept in mainstream Sunni Islam make this the single highest-risk term in the doctrine; requires full conceptual, not just lexical, teaching. |
| Chosen race | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / genos eklekton | Nifşê Hilbijartî | nifş | High | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | — | Must be taught as trans-ethnic, not an ethnic-national category, given Kurdish ethnicity’s centrality to identity. |
| Holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον / ethnos hagion | Miletê Pîroz | millet | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | — | Millet is the operative word for Kurdish ethnic-national aspiration; directly parallels the baseline’s Padîşahiya Xwedê caution. |
| God’s own possession (people) | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν / laos eis peripoiēsin | Gelê Xwedê yê Taybet | gel | Medium | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | — | Gel carries a milder version of the same national-people resonance as millet. |
| Sojourners and exiles | πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι / paroikoi kai parepidēmoi | Xerîb û Rêwî | xerîb, rêwî | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood; general identity | 1:1,17; 2:11 | Mişextî | Mişextî’s forced-political-displacement charge (Anfal, refugee history) risks collapsing universal spiritual identity into specific Kurdish political history. |
| Diaspora / dispersion | διασπορά / diaspora | Belavbûn (Dîaspora as common alternate) | dîaspora | Critical | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood; general identity | 1:1 | — | Extremely loaded given the size and centrality of the actual Kurdish diaspora; must be taught as universal, not ethnically specific. |
| Submit / submission (social) | ὑποτάσσω / hypotassō | Xwe Teslîm Kirin | teslîm | Critical | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:13,18; 3:1,5; 5:5 | Bindest kirin | Bindest is the exact word for Kurdish national political subjugation (“gelê bindest”); Teslîm carries the (lesser but still real) risk of importing Islam’s core submission-to-God category into social submission. Both risks require explicit teaching. |
| Master (of servants) | δεσπότης / despotēs | Axa | axa | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 2:18 | — | Carries Kurdish feudal-landlord (axatî) class-memory connotations. |
| Suffering unjustly | ἀδίκως πάσχων / adikōs paschōn | Bêsûc Cefa Kişandin | cefa | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2:19-20 | — | Cefa is the defining word of Kurdish national collective-suffering self-description (“gelê cefakêş”); double risk of nationalizing the text or counseling passivity toward real injustice. |
| Christ suffered for sins (substitutionary) | Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν / Christos epathen hyper hamartiōn | Mesîh ji bo gunehên me cefa kişand | — | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:21; 3:18 | — | The ὑπέρ (“on behalf of”) substitutionary force must be preserved by the Kurdish preposition/construction chosen. |
| He himself bore our sins | ἀναφέρω / anapherō | Wî bi xwe gunehên me hilanî | hilanîn | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | — | Doctrinal peak of the substitution unit; hilanîn preserves the sacrificial load-bearing image. |
| On the tree (cross) | ξύλον / xylon | li ser darê | dar | Medium | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | Xaç (as sole rendering) | Preserves the Deut 21:22-23 curse-bearing OT allusion that a generic “cross” loanword would lose. |
| Healed by his wounds | μώλωψ / mōlōps | Bi birînên wî hûn hatine qenckirin | birîn | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:24 | — | Risk of over-literalizing toward folk expectation of miraculous physical healing (parallels the baseline’s pîr-shrine healing caution). |
| Shepherd and overseer | ποιμήν / ἐπίσκοπος | Şivan / Çavdêr | şivan, çavdêr | Low-Medium | Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood; Elders and Humility | 2:25; 5:2,4 | — | Strong positive native pastoral-culture resonance; carried forward into ch.5’s eldership vocabulary. |
| Wife submitting, husband addressed as “lord” | ὑποτασσόμεναι / κύριον | xwe teslîm bikin / “axa min” (NOT Xudan) | — | Critical | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:1,6 | Xudan (explicitly forbidden here) | Xudan must remain exclusive to Christ; a lesser honorific is required for the human-marital sense of the same Greek word. |
| Fellow heirs of the grace of life | συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς | Hevmîrasgirên Kerema Jiyanê | mîras, kerem | High | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:7 | — | Explicit textual corrective against any patriarchal-superiority misreading of submission. |
| Suffer for righteousness’ sake | πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην | Ji ber Adaletê Cefa Kişandin | adalet, cefa | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 3:14 | — | The doctrine’s own named key verse; combines two already-flagged high-risk roots. |
| Sanctify Christ as Lord | Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε | Di dilê xwe de Îsa Mesîh wek Xudan pîroz bigirin | Xudan, pîroz | Critical | Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | 3:15 | — | One of the letter’s clearest direct Lordship affirmations. |
| Good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή | Wîjdanê Baş | wîjdan | Low-Medium | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:16,21 | — | Standard modern vocabulary; low collision. |
| Christ suffered once for sins | Χριστὸς ἅπαξ ἔπαθεν | Mesîh carekê ji bo gunehan cefa kişand | — | Critical | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 3:18 | — | The “once” (unrepeatable) qualifier parallels baseline’s incarnation/resurrection uniqueness caution; risk of assimilation to Yazidi/Sufi recurring-manifestation patterns. |
| Put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | Di beden de hate kuştin, di ruh de hate zindîkirin | — | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:18 | — | Genuinely disputed text; render formally equivalent, do not resolve the ambiguity. |
| Spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ | Ruh ên di Zindanê de | ruh, zindan | Critical | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19-20 | — | Most disputed text in the letter; risk of assimilation into jinn-binding or Yazidi angelology frameworks. |
| Proclaimed (to the spirits) | ἐκήρυξεν / kēryssō | ragihand | ragihand | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:19 | — | Avoid pairing with Mizgînî (gospel) here; this proclamation is not necessarily a saving gospel offer. |
| Baptism | βάπτισμα / baptisma | Vaftîzim | vaftîzim | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | — | Text’s own anti-ritual-washing clarification must survive translation intact, given strong regional wudu/ghusl ablution parallel. |
| Appeal to God for a good conscience | συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα εἰς Θεόν | Ji bo Wîjdanek Baş, Lava li Xwedê | wîjdan | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:21 | — | Must convey active Godward pledge, not passive ritual outcome. |
| Angels, authorities, powers subjected to him | ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων | milyaket, desthilat û hêz jê re bindest bûne | bindest | High | Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits | 3:22 | — | Positive use of bindest (cosmic powers under Christ) deliberately contrasts with its avoidance for human social submission elsewhere — see Cross-Book Observations. |
| Share in Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν | Hevbeşî di Êşên Mesîh de | hevbeşî, cefa | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:13 | — | Risk of assimilation into Kurdish political-martyrdom (şehîd) narrative frameworks; must anchor to “name of Christ” specifically. |
| Reproached for the name of Christ | ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ | Ji ber Navê Mesîh Hatin Sûcdarkirin | — | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:14,16 | — | Necessary anchor for the previous entry. |
| Name “Christian” | Χριστιανός / Christianos | Mesîhî | Mesîhî | Medium | general identity | 4:16 | — | Natural derivation from Mesîh; low-medium risk, some association with historic non-Kurdish Assyrian/Chaldean Christian community to be addressed. |
| Entrust to a faithful Creator | παρατιθέσθωσαν … πιστῷ κτίστῃ | Giyanên xwe radestî Afirênerê Dilsoz bikin | afirêner | Low | general (providence) | 4:19 | — | Creator is fully shared common ground with regional Islamic theology; retain the personal-trust dimension. |
| Elders | πρεσβύτεροι / presbyteroi | Rihspiyên Dêrê | rihspî | High | Elders and Humility | 5:1,5 | — | Rihspî’s tribal/aşîret customary-authority resonance is a real asset and a real risk simultaneously; “of the church” qualifier required at every occurrence. |
| Domineering / lording it over | κατακυριεύοντες / katakyrieuontes | Serdestî Kirin | serdest | Medium-High | Elders and Humility | 5:3 | — | Built on the same kyrios root as Xudan; forbids elders from acting with Christ-level authority; pairs pedagogically with bindest’s avoidance elsewhere. |
| Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην / archipoimēn | Şivanê Mezin | şivan | Low-Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | — | Builds on established şivan motif; grounds and limits elder authority as derivative. |
| Crown of glory | στέφανος τῆς δόξης | Tacê Rûmetê | tac, rûmet | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:4 | — | Mild echo of statehood/kingship imagery; purely eschatological/spiritual, not political. |
| Clothe yourselves with humility | ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε | Xwe bi Hêminiyê Bipêçin | hêminî | High | Elders and Humility | 5:5 | Nefsşikestî | Nefs-vocabulary belongs to Sufi ego-annihilation (fena) doctrine aimed at mystical union; biblical humility is relational/service-oriented, not a mystical technique. |
| Humble yourselves under God’s mighty hand | ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα | Xwe bindestî Destê Bihêz ê Xwedê bikin | bindest | Medium | Elders and Humility | 5:6 | — | Third, positive use of bindest (before God); completes the three-way teaching pattern noted in Cross-Book Observations. |
| Adversary the devil / roaring lion | ἀντίδικος, διάβολος, λέων ὠρυόμενος | Dijberê we Îblîs / şêrekî ku diqîre | Îblîs, Şeytan | Low-Medium | general | 5:8 | — | Shared regional vocabulary (Quranic Iblis); genuine common ground, provided the singular adversarial identity is maintained. |
| Suffered a little while, God will restore | παθόντας … καταρτίσει κτλ. | Piştî ku hûn demek kurt cefa kişandin … wê we saz bike | cefa | High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 5:10 | — | “Little while” qualifier must be retained to frame suffering as temporary and purposeful. |
| Babylon (= Rome) | Βαβυλών / Babylōn | Babîlon | Babîlon | Low | general | 5:13 | — | Proper noun; requires historical-critical teaching note. |
Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference Summary
| Curriculum Doctrine | Key New Terms | Highest Risk |
|---|---|---|
| The Living Hope of the Resurrection | living hope, regeneration, inheritance, mercy, tested genuineness, revelation of Christ | Critical |
| Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | trials, suffering unjustly, suffer for righteousness’ sake, share in Christ’s sufferings, cefa (recurring) | Critical |
| The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood | living stone, royal/holy priesthood, chosen race, holy nation, God’s own possession, sojourners and exiles, diaspora | Critical |
| Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance | submit/submission, master, wife/husband-lord address, fellow heirs of grace | Critical |
| Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | redeemed, blood of Christ, lamb without blemish, he himself bore our sins, on the tree, healed by his wounds, Christ suffered once | Critical |
| Holiness in Conduct | conduct/way of life, be holy (reused Pîroz), fear (reverent) | High |
| Elders and Humility | elders, domineering, Chief Shepherd, clothe yourselves with humility | High |
| Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (3:18-22) | spirits in prison, proclaimed, baptism, put to death in flesh/made alive in spirit, angels/authorities/powers subjected | Critical |
End of Core Glossary. All new terms above must be entered into translation_memory.json (version increment required) and doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Peter begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Xwedê
Transliteration: Xwedê
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / God
Rejected alternatives: Allah
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Native Old Iranian-root word, preferred for everyday Kurdish Christian usage; strict tawhid theology must be distinguished from the Trinitarian conception denoted by the same word. In 1 Peter: appears in an unusually dense Trinitarian formula at 1:2 (Father’s foreknowledge, Spirit’s sanctification, Christ’s blood) requiring heightened tawhid-vs-Trinity vigilance.
Father
Approved rendering: Bav
Transliteration: Bav
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family / God
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Native Kurdish word sharing the region’s tawhid-anthropomorphism objection to Father-language for God; Sufi lover/beloved poetic register is a possible warmth resource but is not paternal. In 1 Peter: invoked in the opening doxology (1:3) and the command to reverent fear (1:17).
Lord
Approved rendering: Xudan
Transliteration: Xudan
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must convey exclusive, supreme lordship, never softened. In 1 Peter: applied to Christ at 1:3,25; 2:3,13; 3:15; 3:22 (implied). CRITICAL 1 Peter-specific caution: the same Greek word (kyrios) is used at 3:6 for Sarah’s respectful address to Abraham as a human husband — Xudan must NEVER be used in that human, relative sense; see wife_husband_address entry for the required lesser honorific.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Îsa
Transliteration: Îsa
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Settled, uncontroversial Kurdish Christian usage; still carries the Quranic prophet-only, non-crucified, non-divine narrative that must be actively corrected, especially given 1 Peter’s sustained focus on Christ’s substitutionary death.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Mesîh
Transliteration: Mesîh
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Carries the same pre-loaded Quranic content as Arabic’s al-Masih; Alevi/Yarsani beliefs add further comparison layers. In 1 Peter: also the derivational root of the new identity-label ‘Mesîhî’ (Christian, 4:16) — track this derivation for consistency.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Ruhê Pîroz
Transliteration: Ruhê Pîroz
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The created-being-versus-divine-Person distinction from the Quranic Jibril/Gabriel identification must be made explicit at every occurrence. In 1 Peter: appears at 1:2 (sanctification), 1:11-12 (as ‘Spirit of Christ’ — see spirit_of_christ), and 4:14 (as ‘Spirit of glory’ — see spirit_of_glory).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: Rabûn
Transliteration: Rabûn
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Must never be rendered with a term for reincarnation; shares the Quranic crucifixion-denial and the distinctly Kurdish Yazidi ‘kiras guhertin’ (reincarnation/soul-transmigration) risk. In 1 Peter this term is doctrinally load-bearing as the objective ground of the letter’s ‘living hope’ (1:3) and the referent of baptism’s saving appeal (3:21) — the single most important doctrinal anchor point in the whole curriculum.
Salvation
Approved rendering: Rizgarî
Transliteration: rizgarî
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never leave unanchored; the defining vocabulary of Kurdish political nationalism across all four host states. In 1 Peter: 1:5,9,10; 2:2; 3:20-21 (implied); 4:18 — every occurrence must be anchored to personal, spiritual deliverance in Christ, never the nationalist liberation struggle sharing this identical vocabulary.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: Adalet
Transliteration: adalet
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: Rastî
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Carries the necessary forensic/moral weight; Rastî remains too thin. In 1 Peter: 2:24; 3:12,14,18 — here compounded with ‘cefa’ (suffering) in the doctrine’s key phrase ‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’ (3:14); see suffer_for_righteousness entry.
Adoption
Approved rendering: Kurxwendin
Transliteration: kurxwendin
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Shares the Quranic adoption restriction (33:4-5) and aşîret lineage-inheritance customs. CAUTION FOR 1 PETER: this term must NOT be imported into 1 Peter’s ‘children of obedience’ (1:14, plain ‘zarok’) or ‘born again’ (1:3,23, regeneration) vocabulary — 1 Peter does not use huiothesia/adoption vocabulary at all; keep Kurxwendin reserved for its Romans-specific occurrences only, to avoid conflating two distinct doctrines.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Padîşahiya Xwedê
Transliteration: padîşahiya Xwedê
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Inherited from Romans package. Must be taught as clearly and exclusively about God’s spiritual reign, given the Kurds’ stateless national aspiration. Not directly named in 1 Peter, but its root ‘Padîşahî’ is reused in the ‘royal priesthood’ compound (Kahîniya Padîşahî, 2:5,9) and ‘crown of glory’ imagery (5:4); the same anti-statehood anchoring instruction applies to both derived compounds.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: Ji Nû Ve Hatin Zayîn
Transliteration: ji nû ve hatin zayîn
Doctrine: New Birth and Spiritual Regeneration
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW for 1 Peter. No Islamic fitrah category for a second, spiritual birth exists. Distinctly, the minority Yazidi doctrine of ‘kiras guhertin’ (soul transmigrating through successive bodies) risks a hearer assimilating ‘born again’ into rebirth into a new body, rather than a single, non-repeatable re-creation of the same person. Used at 1:3 (verbal), 1:23 (nominal form ‘Jidayikbûna Nû’). Compound retained rather than a coined noun, to stay transparently descriptive.
Redeemed
Approved rendering: Hatin Kirrîn
Transliteration: hatin kirrîn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: Fîdye
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
NEW for 1 Peter. Fidye (the standard regional loanword for ‘ransom,’ Q2:184) rejected: names a narrower Islamic legal-compensation category (a payment discharging a specific missed obligation or securing a captive’s release), not general atoning substitution. The plain commercial-purchase verb ‘hatin kirrîn’ preserves the price-paid structure and must always be anchored explicitly to ‘the precious blood of Christ’ (1:19). Used at 1:18.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: Kahîniya Pîroz / Kahîniya Padîşahî
Transliteration: kahîniya pîroz / kahîniya padîşahî
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. THE HIGHEST-RISK TERM IN THE LETTER. Kahîn shares its root with Arabic kāhin — a pre-Islamic pagan soothsayer/diviner associated with the ‘ignorance’ (jahiliyya) the Quran condemns, risking a pejorative shadow. Beyond vocabulary, the concept itself is foreign to mainstream regional religion: Sunni Islam has no ordained sacrificing priesthood at all. Requires full catechetical explanation at every occurrence (2:5,9), not just a footnote; theologian review mandatory regardless of context.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: Miletê Pîroz
Transliteration: miletê pîroz
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Millet is the operative Kurdish word for ethnic-national identity and aspiration — the same conceptual register as the baseline’s Padîşahiya Xwedê caution. Risks being heard as either endorsing a rival ‘spiritual nation’ competing with Kurdish ethnic-national identity, or coded validation of Kurdish nationhood. Must be taught as trans-ethnic, gathered from every actual nation. Used at 2:9.
Sojourners And Exiles
Approved rendering: Xerîb û Rêwî
Transliteration: xerîb û rêwî
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Dispersion
Rejected alternatives: Mişextî
Original: πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Mişextî (the standard, heavily charged Kurdish word for political exile/forced displacement, associated with the Anfal campaign and mass refugee flight) rejected: it would collapse this universal spiritual identity into direct commentary on Kurdish political history. Xerîb (‘stranger/foreigner’) paired with rêwî (‘traveler/wayfarer’) retains the sojourner sense without that specific political charge. Used at 1:1,17; 2:11. Must be taught as universal to every believer, of every nation.
Diaspora
Approved rendering: Belavbûn / Dîaspora
Transliteration: belavbûn / dîaspora
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Dispersion
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Among the most emotionally loaded terms in this curriculum: the actual Kurdish diaspora (driven by Anfal 1988, the 1991 refugee crisis, ongoing emigration) is referred to using exactly this vocabulary (‘dîaspora ya Kurd’). Used at 1:1. Must be taught explicitly as universal — every believer everywhere — not a coded reference to Kurdish history specifically, nor a dismissal of that real history.
Submission
Approved rendering: Xwe Teslîm Kirin
Transliteration: xwe teslîm kirin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: Bindest kirin
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
NEW for 1 Peter. Teslîm shares its root with ‘Islam’ itself (submission to God); risks importing that theological weight into a merely social command. Bindest (‘subjugated’) is precisely the word Kurdish nationalist discourse uses for the Kurds’ own condition under the four host states (‘gelê bindest’) and is deliberately avoided here to prevent the command being heard as counseling political quietism toward real state oppression. Used at 2:13,18; 3:1,5; 5:5. NOTE: bindest IS used positively elsewhere (3:22, cosmic powers under Christ; 5:6, self-humbling before God) — never for human social submission. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Suffering Unjustly
Approved rendering: Bêsûc Cefa Kişandin
Transliteration: bêsûc cefa kişandin
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἀδίκως πάσχων
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. Cefa is the operative word in the standard nationalist description of the Kurdish people as ‘gelê cefakêş’ — ‘the suffering-enduring people.’ Applying it here risks either nationalizing the text or, oppositely, being heard as counseling political passivity toward genuine state injustice. Used at 2:19-20. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Christ Suffered For Sins
Approved rendering: Mesîh ji bo Gunehên Me Cefa Kişand
Transliteration: Mesîh ji bo gunehên me cefa kişand
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἔπαθεν ὑπὲρ ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. The preposition hyper (‘on behalf of/for the sake of’) is the theological hinge distinguishing substitutionary atonement from mere heroic example; the Kurdish construction ‘ji bo’ must clearly convey vicarious substitution. Used at 2:21; 3:18.
Bore Our Sins
Approved rendering: Wî bi Xwe Gunehên Me Hilanî
Transliteration: Wî bi xwe gunehên me hilanî
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Hilanîn (‘to lift/carry/bear,’ native) directly conveys the Isaiah 53 sacrificial load-bearing image. The doctrinal peak of the substitution unit; the personal, vicarious, sin-transferring sense must be unmistakable, never merely ‘endured alongside.’ Used at 2:24.
Wife Husband Address
Approved rendering: Jin, Xwe Teslîm Bikin … ‘Axa Min’
Transliteration: jin, xwe teslîm bikin … ‘axa min’
Doctrine: Household Codes: Wives and Husbands
Rejected alternatives: Xudan (explicitly forbidden here)
Original: γυναῖκες ὑποτασσόμεναι … κύριον
Category: Authority
NEW for 1 Peter. The same Greek word (kyrios) rendered Xudan for Christ’s absolute Lordship elsewhere must NEVER be used at 3:6 for Sarah’s respectful address to Abraham as a human husband; a lesser honorific (e.g. ‘axa min’ or ‘mîrza min’) is mandatory, with a translator note explaining the deliberate distinction. Theologian review required.
Suffer For Righteousness
Approved rendering: Ji ber Adaletê Cefa Kişandin
Transliteration: ji ber adaletê cefa kişandin
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. The named doctrine’s own key verse (3:14), combining Adalet (righteousness) with Cefa (suffering, carrying the ‘gelê cefakêş’ nationalist-suffering resonance). Must be anchored specifically to suffering because of righteous, Christlike conduct — never ethnic-national identity or political cause. Theologian review required.
Sanctify Christ As Lord
Approved rendering: Di Dilê Xwe de Îsa Mesîh wek Xudan Pîroz Bigirin
Transliteration: di dilê xwe de Îsa Mesîh wek Xudan pîroz bigirin
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριον τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Combines Xudan (Critical) and the Pîroz/Teqdîs root (High); one of the letter’s clearest direct statements of Christ’s Lordship (3:15) and must not be softened. Theologian review required.
Christ Suffered Once
Approved rendering: Mesîh Carekê ji bo Gunehan Cefa Kişand
Transliteration: Mesîh carekê ji bo gunehan cefa kişand
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ ἔπαθεν περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Carekê’ (‘once for all,’ unrepeatable) parallels the baseline’s own incarnation/resurrection uniqueness caution; equally vulnerable to assimilation into Yazidi divine-manifestation or Sufi/Yarsani recurring-revelation patterns. Used at 3:18. Theologian review required at every occurrence.
Flesh And Spirit
Approved rendering: Di Beden de Hate Kuştin, Di Ruh de Hate Zindîkirin
Transliteration: di beden de hate kuştin, di ruh de hate zindîkirin
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Genuinely disputed even among English-language commentators (3:18); the Kurdish rendering must remain as formally equivalent, and thus similarly open, as the Greek, rather than importing one interpretive resolution. Mandatory theologian review with a documented note on which interpretive tradition, if any, informed the rendering.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: Ruh ên di Zindanê de
Transliteration: ruh ên di zindanê de
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Among the single most exegetically disputed texts in the NT (3:19-20). Both mainstream Islamic jinn-cosmology (traditions of Solomon binding jinn) and Yazidi angelology (Melek Taus, the seven angels) offer ready-made frameworks risking a folk reading centered on jinn-binding rather than Christ’s authority over the spiritual realm generally. Mandatory theologian review with documented interpretive-tradition notes.
Share In Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: Hevbeşî di Êşên Mesîh de
Transliteration: hevbeşî di êşên Mesîh de
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. Hevbeş/hevbeşî shares its root with Hevaltî (fellowship), already flagged for its ‘comrade’-adjacent political-solidarity resonance. Compounded with suffering vocabulary, this phrase sits extremely close to Kurdish political martyrdom (şehîd, peşmerge/political-prisoner narratives). Used at 4:13; must be anchored specifically and repeatedly to suffering ‘for the name of Christ’ (4:14,16), never any political or ethnic-national cause. Theologian review required.
Spirit Of Glory
Approved rendering: Ruhê Rûmetê
Transliteration: Ruhê Rûmetê
Doctrine: Trinitarian Foundation of Salvation
Original: τὸ τῆς δόξης Πνεῦμα
Category: God
NEW for 1 Peter. Combines two baseline Critical/High terms (Ruhê Pîroz and Rûmet) in a single dense promise of the Spirit’s manifest presence resting on those who suffer for Christ’s name. Used at 4:14; theologian review recommended given the concentration of Trinitarian/glory vocabulary in a suffering context.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: Kerem
Transliteration: kerem
Doctrine: Grace
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. The Sufi ‘keramet’ concept reserves extraordinary graces for elevated saints; must be taught as freely given to all believers. In 1 Peter: extremely frequent (1:2,10,13; 2:19,20; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5,10,12). NOTE the unusual extended sense at 2:19-20, where enduring unjust suffering ‘mindful of God’ is itself called charis/Kerem — flag with a translator note distinguishing this from Kerem’s primary soteriological sense elsewhere, so it is not read as a Sufi-keramet-style mark of spiritual rank.
Faith
Approved rendering: Îman
Transliteration: iman
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Must be anchored as personal trust in Christ, not creedal assent. In 1 Peter: 1:5,7,9,21; 5:9 — anchored specifically as trust in the unseen but resurrected Christ (1:8).
Holy
Approved rendering: Pîroz
Transliteration: pîroz
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Standard, extremely common native word for holy/sacred, also used of Yazidi sacred sites and figures. In 1 Peter: 1:15,16; 2:5,9; 3:5. IMPORTANT: 1 Peter never uses the noun ‘saints’ (hagioi) as a title for believers, only this adjective — do not force the baseline ‘saints’/Pîrozan entry onto this book.
Saints
Approved rendering: Pîrozan
Transliteration: pîrozan
Doctrine: Sainthood
Inherited from Romans package. Guards against the hereditary, shrine-venerated Sufi ‘pîr’ association. NOT USED IN 1 PETER: retained here only as a caution entry — 1 Peter never uses hagioi as a noun/title for believers, only the adjective ‘holy’ (Pîroz). Do not introduce ‘Pîrozan’ into 1 Peter translation where the source text uses the adjective form.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: Teqdîs
Transliteration: teqdîs
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: Pakkirin
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Pakkirin (ritual purification) rejected; Teqdîs keeps the Spirit’s ongoing moral-transformation sense. In 1 Peter: named in the letter’s opening Trinitarian greeting (1:2).
Church
Approved rendering: Dêr
Transliteration: dêr
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Inherited from Romans package. Religious freedom varies significantly across the four states Kurdish spans. IMPORTANT FOR 1 PETER: the letter never uses ekklēsia at all; ‘Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood’ is carried entirely by image-vocabulary (living stone, spiritual house, royal priesthood, holy nation, God’s own people, flock) that does not map onto Dêr. Dêr itself is retained only as the qualifier in ‘Rihspiyên Dêrê’ (elders of the church, 5:1,5), to distinguish the NT pastoral office from the tribal rihspî institution.
Sin
Approved rendering: Guneh
Transliteration: guneh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Shares the region’s fitrah (innate purity) doctrine. In 1 Peter: 2:22,24; 4:1,8,18 — borne substitutionarily by Christ (2:22,24) and the reason for his singular suffering (3:18; 4:1).
Providence
Approved rendering: Rêveberiya Xwedê
Transliteration: rêveberiya Xwedê
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρόνοια (implied)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Keep distinct from folk qadar fatalism. In 1 Peter: present in the Father’s ‘foreknowledge’ (1:2, see foreknowledge entry) and the command to entrust one’s soul to a ‘faithful Creator’ amid suffering (4:19; 5:6-7).
Election
Approved rendering: Hilbijartin
Transliteration: hilbijartin
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Also the standard modern word for democratic elections; God’s unilateral choice must not be heard as a vote. In 1 Peter: applied to the letter’s addressees as ‘elect exiles’ (1:1) and to Christ and believers as a ‘chosen’ stone and ‘chosen race’ (2:4,6,9) — very frequent in chapter 2’s priesthood/nation imagery.
Called
Approved rendering: Bangkirî
Transliteration: bangkirî
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across distinct senses. In 1 Peter: appears at 1:15 (‘as he who called you is holy’), 2:9 (‘called you out of darkness’), 2:21 (‘to this you have been called’), 3:9 (‘you were called to this’), and 5:10 (‘called you to his eternal glory’) — check which sense (holiness, priesthood, endurance of suffering, final glory) is active at each occurrence.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: Guhdarîkirina Baweriyê
Transliteration: guhdarîkirina baweriyê
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Shares the region’s Islamic submission-as-core-category risk; must be taught as faith’s fruit, never its ground. In 1 Peter: the root ‘guhdarî’ underlies the new compound ‘children of obedience’ (1:14, Zarokên Guhdariyê) — see that entry; also underlies the general submission commands’ theological background (2:13ff.).
Covenant
Approved rendering: Peyman
Transliteration: peyman
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Kurdish aşîret alliance-making tradition is negotiated between equals and revocable, unlike the biblical covenant. In 1 Peter: underlies the OT covenant-sprinkling background at 1:2 (see sprinkling_of_blood entry); not itself a frequent standalone term in this letter but necessary teaching background.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: Hêviya Zindî
Transliteration: hêviya zindî
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
NEW for 1 Peter. Hêvî is native, everyday vocabulary also used for Kurdish national aspiration (‘hêviya Kurdistanê’). The adjective ‘zindî’ (living) must always be retained and explicitly tied to Christ’s resurrection at every occurrence (1:3). This is the single most important doctrinal anchor point in the whole curriculum.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: Mîras
Transliteration: mîras
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance of Salvation
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW for 1 Peter. Sits inside Islamic law’s Quranic fixed-share inheritance formula (Q4:11-12) and Kurdish tribal (aşîret) lineage-inheritance customs. Used at 1:4 and, jointly, 3:7 (‘fellow heirs of the grace of life’ — see fellow_heirs_of_grace). Must be taught against the default of a legally-apportioned, bloodline/gender-contingent estate.
Mercy
Approved rendering: Rehmet
Transliteration: rehmet
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
NEW for 1 Peter. Shares its root with Arabic ar-Rahmān/ar-Rahīm, the two most invoked divine names in regional Islamic piety. A genuine asset, but the text’s mercy (1:3) is specifically channeled through Christ’s resurrection and issues in new birth, not a general disposition dispensed without a mediator; this connection must be made explicit every occurrence.
Trials
Approved rendering: Ceribandinên Cûrbecûr
Transliteration: ceribandinên cûrbecûr
Doctrine: Faith Tested Through Trials
Original: ποικίλοι πειρασμοί
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. Ceribandin (‘test/trial’) is doctrinally neutral by default and risks flattening the weight of Peter’s suffering theology. Regional Islamic balâ/imtihan (divinely-sent trial rewarded via sabr, patient endurance) is a real conceptual parallel built on a different soteriological logic (reward for endurance under a fixed test versus refinement of a faith whose salvation is already secured by grace); teach the distinction explicitly. Used at 1:6.
Tested Genuineness
Approved rendering: Rastbûna Îmanê ya Ceribandî
Transliteration: rastbûna îmanê ya ceribandî
Doctrine: Faith Tested Through Trials
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Faith
NEW for 1 Peter. Compound phrase required, mirroring the baseline’s own compound strategy for ‘justification’; a single word risks reducing this to a bare synonym for ‘faith’ and losing the refining-by-fire image. Used at 1:7.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: Eşkerebûna Îsa Mesîh
Transliteration: eşkerebûna Îsa Mesîh
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW for 1 Peter. Must be kept doctrinally distinct from the ‘inspiration of Scripture’ sense of revelation (Islamic wahy). Conceptually adjacent to Islamic end-times expectation of a final unveiling (e.g. Mahdi tradition); teach as the specific unveiling of Christ’s own glory. Used at 1:7,13; 4:13.
Love
Approved rendering: Hezkirin
Transliteration: hezkirin
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: Evîn
Original: ἀγαπάω
Category: Faith
NEW for 1 Peter. Evîn (Sufi lover/beloved mystical-devotional register from classical Kurdish poetry, e.g. Melayê Cizîrî, Ehmedê Xanî) is rejected as the primary rendering: its resonance risks assimilating Christ’s love into a mystical-union register rather than committed love for a specific, bodily-resurrected person one has not physically seen. Used at 1:8,22; 4:8. Evîn may be considered only in clearly-marked devotional/poetic material, never in core doctrinal exposition.
Blood Of Christ
Approved rendering: Xwîna Mesîh
Transliteration: xwîna Mesîh
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: αἷμα Χριστοῦ / τίμιον αἷμα
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Requires OT covenant-sprinkling background teaching (Exod 24:8) not automatically supplied regionally; intersects with Islamic ritual-purification categories and must be taught as covenantal/atoning, not merely ceremonial. Used at 1:2 (as ‘sprinkling,’ see sprinkling_of_blood), 1:19 (‘precious blood’), and implied at 2:24.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: Berxê Bêqusûr û Bênijas
Transliteration: berxê bêqusûr û bênijas
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. The qurban/Eid al-Adha sacrificial-lamb image is a strong, familiar regional resonance and a genuine asset for vividness, but Islamic qurban is commemorative (recalling Abraham’s test, Q37:102-107), not substitutionary atonement for sin; must be taught explicitly against the commemorative default. Used at 1:19.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: Kevirê Zindî
Transliteration: kevirê zindî
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Continues the ‘zindî’ (living) motif from 1:3,23. Real risk that this gets heard through the frame of the venerated Black Stone (al-Hajar al-Aswad) in the Ka’aba rather than as a living metaphor for Christ as foundation of a spiritual, not physical, temple. Used at 2:4,5.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: Nifşê Hilbijartî
Transliteration: nifşê hilbijartî
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Race/kind’ (nifş, also ‘generation/lineage’) must not be read ethnically, a real risk given Kurdish ethnicity’s centrality to identity; teach explicitly that this race is constituted by faith in Christ, cutting across all ethnicities. Used at 2:9, echoing Exod 19:6.
Master
Approved rendering: Axa
Transliteration: axa
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority
NEW for 1 Peter. Axa is the standard Kurdish word for a feudal landlord/tribal master, carrying strong class-memory connotations from the historical aşîret-based feudal landholding system (axatî), remembered in modern Kurdish social and leftist discourse as exploitative. Used at 2:18; teach the historical distance between ancient household-slavery and modern Kurdish feudal-landlord memory explicitly.
Healed By His Wounds
Approved rendering: Bi Birînên Wî Hûn Hatine Qenckirin
Transliteration: bi birînên wî hûn hatine qenckirin
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τῷ μώλωπι αὐτοῦ ἰάθητε
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Quotes Isa 53:5. Real regional risk of over-literalizing toward expected miraculous physical healing through a holy figure’s residual power, directly parallel to the baseline’s Sufi pîr shrine-healing caution. Must be taught primarily as spiritual healing/restoration from sin. Used at 2:24.
Fellow Heirs Of Grace
Approved rendering: Hevmîrasgirên Kerema Jiyanê
Transliteration: hevmîrasgirên kerema jiyanê
Doctrine: Inheritance and Assurance of Salvation
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
NEW for 1 Peter. Combines High-risk ‘inheritance’ (Mîras) and High-risk ‘grace’ (Kerem); this equal, joint co-heir status is a deliberate textual counterbalance to the submission language just given (3:1-6), guarding against a patriarchal-superiority misreading. Used at 3:7.
Proclaimed
Approved rendering: Ragihand
Transliteration: ragihand
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Ragihand (root of the baseline evangelism term Ragihandina Mizgîniyê) must be used carefully at 3:19: without qualification it risks implying Christ evangelized the imprisoned spirits with a saving gospel offer, a reading most theological traditions reject. Never pair with Mizgînî (gospel) in this specific verse.
Baptism
Approved rendering: Vaftîzim
Transliteration: vaftîzim
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Sacraments
NEW for 1 Peter. Islamic ritual ablution (wudu, ghusl) is an extremely familiar physical-cleansing framework that could default-capture ‘baptism’ entirely; the text’s own self-clarifying clause at 3:21 (‘not a removal of dirt from the body but an appeal to God for a good conscience’) must be translated with full force, not smoothed over.
Appeal For Good Conscience
Approved rendering: Ji bo Wîjdanek Baş, Lava li Xwedê
Transliteration: ji bo wîjdanek baş, lava li Xwedê
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐπερώτημα εἰς Θεόν
Category: Sacraments
NEW for 1 Peter. Defines what baptism actually is at 3:21: an active, personal Godward request/pledge, not a passive ritual-cleansing outcome. Reuses ‘wîjdan’ from 3:16 for consistency.
Powers Subjected
Approved rendering: Milyaket, Desthilat û Hêz Jê re Bindest Bûne
Transliteration: milyaket, desthilat û hêz jê re bindest bûne
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων αὐτῷ
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Bindest’ (subjected) is used here positively of cosmic powers under Christ’s supreme authority (3:22), in deliberate contrast to its avoidance for human social submission elsewhere in the letter (2:13-3:1, 5:5). The translator must not blur this distinction — see submission entry.
Reproached For Name Of Christ
Approved rendering: Ji ber Navê Mesîh Hatin Sûcdarkirin
Transliteration: ji ber navê Mesîh hatin sûcdarkirin
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ὀνειδίζεσθε ἐν ὀνόματι Χριστοῦ
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. Serves as the necessary anchor for share_in_christs_sufferings — the ‘name of Christ’ qualifier must always be retained and emphasized. Used at 4:14,16.
Elders
Approved rendering: Rihspiyên Dêrê
Transliteration: rihspiyên dêrê
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Leadership
NEW for 1 Peter. Rihspî (‘white-beard,’ the resonant traditional Kurdish tribal elder mediating disputes within the aşîret structure) is a genuine asset for conveying respected authority, but imports an entire existing informal customary-authority framework distinct from the NT’s accountable pastoral-teaching office. The qualifier ‘Dêrê’ (of the church) is required at every occurrence. Used at 5:1,5.
Domineering
Approved rendering: Serdestî Kirin
Transliteration: serdestî kirin
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύοντες
Category: Leadership
NEW for 1 Peter. Built on the same kyrios root as Xudan (Christ’s exclusive Lordship title); the text itself deliberately warns against elders acting as though they held Xudan-level authority (5:3). Serdest, the natural paired opposite of ‘bindest,’ is recommended precisely because this pairing already exists in Kurdish political vocabulary and can be used pedagogically.
Clothe With Humility
Approved rendering: Xwe bi Hêminiyê Bipêçin
Transliteration: xwe bi hêminiyê bipêçin
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: Nefsşikestî
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε
Category: Christian Life
NEW for 1 Peter. Any rendering built on nefs-vocabulary (e.g. ‘nefsşikestî,’ self-brokenness/ego-breaking) is rejected: it belongs to Kurdish Sufi ascetic tradition’s doctrine of nefs-annihilation (fena), aimed at mystical union with the divine essence. Biblical humility here (5:5) is a relational, service-oriented posture toward fellow believers, not a mystical self-annihilation technique.
Suffered A Little While
Approved rendering: Piştî ku Hûn Demek Kurt Cefa Kişandin … Wê We Saz Bike
Transliteration: piştî ku hûn demek kurt cefa kişandin … wê we saz bike
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: παθόντας … καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. Reuses Cefa (see suffering_unjustly) with its full nationalist-suffering resonance; the ‘little while’ qualifier, echoing 1:6, should be preserved to reinforce that this suffering is temporary and purposeful, not open-ended. Used at 5:10.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: Pêşdîtina Xwedê
Transliteration: pêşdîtina Xwedê
Doctrine: Trinitarian Foundation of Salvation
Original: πρόγνωσις Θεοῦ Πατρός
Category: God
NEW for 1 Peter. Grounds election in the Father’s sovereign prior knowledge, not human merit (1:2). Ties directly to the baseline’s High-risk election and Medium-risk providence entries; the same qadar-fatalism-versus-personal-purposive-God distinction applies without modification.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: Ruhê Mesîh
Transliteration: Ruhê Mesîh
Doctrine: Trinitarian Foundation of Salvation
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Implies Christ’s personal pre-existence, active in the OT prophets who foretold him (1:10-12). Easily flattened into ‘the Holy Spirit generally inspired prophets about a coming figure’ rather than Christ himself personally at work — a distinct risk beyond the baseline’s messianic-promise and incarnation cautions.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: Avdana Xwîna Îsa Mesîh
Transliteration: avdana xwîna Îsa Mesîh
Doctrine: Trinitarian Foundation of Salvation
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Requires OT Levitical covenant-sprinkling background (Exod 24:8) a regional audience will not supply automatically; intersects with Islamic ritual-purification categories and must be taught as covenantal/atoning, not merely ceremonial. Used at 1:2.
Firm In The Faith
Approved rendering: Di Îmanê de Bihêz
Transliteration: di Îmanê de bihêz
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Adversary
Original: στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Faith
NEW for 1 Peter. Îman reused from the baseline (High risk); closes the loop begun at 1:5-9 (faith as means of being guarded) with a call to active resistance. Used at 5:9.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: Aştî
Transliteration: aştî
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Resonance with real regional peace processes is an asset once tied to justification. In 1 Peter: closing benediction (5:14).
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: Diyariyên Giyanî
Transliteration: diyariyên giyanî
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Inherited from Romans package. Always retain ‘giyanî’ so the phrase is not read as ordinary talent. In 1 Peter: underlies 4:10-11’s ‘stewards of God’s varied grace’ — see stewards_of_grace entry.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: Hevaltî
Transliteration: hevaltî
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία (root; not the noun itself in 1 Peter, but its verb κοινωνέω underlies 4:13)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘Heval’ carries a secular leftist/nationalist ‘comrade’ echo. In 1 Peter: the root underlies two new compounds, ‘brotherhood’ (2:17, Biratî) and ‘share in Christ’s sufferings’ (4:13, Hevbeşî) — both carry substantially higher independent risk and are tiered separately below.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: Ne-cihû
Transliteration: ne-cihû
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: Umet
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Umet’s loaded pan-Islamic sense avoided. NOTE FOR 1 PETER: referent shift — at 2:12; 4:3 this denotes outsiders/unbelievers generically, not the Jew-Gentile theological pairing central to Romans; translators should not import Romans’ specific theological freight into these occurrences.
Apostle
Approved rendering: Şandî
Transliteration: şandî
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: Resûl
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Avoids collision with Muhammad’s Rasul Allah title. In 1 Peter: Peter’s own self-designation and source of authority (1:1).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: Hêza Xwedê
Transliteration: hêza Xwedê
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter: the active divine power that guards believers through faith until salvation’s revealing (1:5).
Calling
Approved rendering: Vexwendin
Transliteration: vexwendin
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. The direction of address (God calling a person) must be made explicit. Not a frequent standalone noun in 1 Peter; retained for consistency with the ‘called’ (Bangkirî) verb occurrences above.
Blessed Doxological
Approved rendering: Pesindar
Transliteration: pesindar
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: Bereketdar
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: Worship
NEW for 1 Peter. Bereketdar (built on ‘bereket’/baraka) rejected: in regional Sufi and folk-Islamic piety this denotes transferable spiritual potency channeled through saints, relics, and shrines, which would recast doxological praise of God as invocation of an impersonal blessing-substance. Pesindar (native, from ‘pesn,’ praise) keeps focus on verbal worship. Used at 1:3.
Blessed Beatitude
Approved rendering: Xwezî
Transliteration: xwezî
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: μακάριος
Category: Suffering
NEW for 1 Peter. Distinguished from eulogētos/Pesindar (used only of God). Established Beatitudes-pattern Kurdish idiom already familiar from Gospel translation tradition (‘xwezî li wan ê ku…’); used at 3:14 and 4:14. Must be taught as a theological, not merely ‘lucky,’ category.
Cornerstone
Approved rendering: Kevirê Serê Goşeyê
Transliteration: kevirê serê goşeyê
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Straightforward architectural metaphor; low independent collision beyond keeping it distinct from the paradoxical ‘stumbling stone’ sense (2:8). Used at 2:6-7.
Stone Of Stumbling
Approved rendering: Kevirê Bişemitandinê
Transliteration: kevirê bişemitandinê
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθος προσκόμματος
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Preserve the deliberate paradox (same stone saves some, judges others, echoing Isa 8:14) rather than softening it. Used at 2:8.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: Xaniyê Giyanî
Transliteration: xaniyê giyanî
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Giyanî’ (spiritual) must always be retained, parallel to the baseline’s own ‘diyariyên giyanî’ instruction, so this is not read as an ordinary building. Used at 2:5.
Gods Own Possession
Approved rendering: Gelê Xwedê yê Taybet
Transliteration: gelê Xwedê yê taybet
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Gel (‘people,’ also ‘gelê Kurd,’ the Kurdish people politically) carries a milder version of the same national-people resonance as millet; pair consistently with ‘Xwedê yê taybet’ to keep the possession explicitly divine and trans-ethnic. Used at 2:9, completing the fourfold Exod 19:6 title-set.
On The Tree
Approved rendering: Li ser Darê
Transliteration: li ser darê
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: Xaç (as sole rendering)
Original: ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Recommended over the generic loanword ‘xaç’ (cross) specifically to preserve the Deut 21:22-23 curse-bearing OT allusion, which requires an accompanying teaching note since a regional audience will not supply this background automatically. Used at 2:24.
Name Christian
Approved rendering: Mesîhî
Transliteration: Mesîhî
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Dispersion
Original: ὄνομα Χριστιανοῦ
Category: Identity
NEW for 1 Peter. Natural derivation from Mesîh, matching cognate patterns across regional languages (Arabic Masihi, Persian Masihi). Regional hearers may initially process ‘Mesîhî’ through the lens of the historic, non-ethnically-Kurdish Assyrian/Chaldean Christian minority rather than as an identity available to any believer — teach explicitly. Used at 4:16, one of the NT’s earliest attestations of this identity-label.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: Şivanê Mezin
Transliteration: şivanê mezin
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Builds naturally on the established şivan motif (2:25, 5:2); doctrinally useful for reinforcing that elder authority is always derivative, never ultimate. Used at 5:4.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: Tacê Rûmetê
Transliteration: tacê rûmetê
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
NEW for 1 Peter. Tac (‘crown’) carries a mild echo of the same statehood/kingship resonance flagged for Padîşahiya Xwedê; note that this is a purely eschatological, spiritual reward, not a claim about any earthly crown or throne. Used at 5:4.
Humble Under Gods Hand
Approved rendering: Xwe Bindestî Destê Bihêz ê Xwedê Bikin
Transliteration: xwe bindestî destê bihêz ê Xwedê bikin
Doctrine: The Faithful Creator and Providence in Suffering
Original: ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christian Life
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Bindest’ is used here of humbling oneself before God specifically (5:6) — a third, positive usage pattern completing a coherent teaching sequence with its avoidance for human social submission and its positive use for cosmic powers under Christ (3:22).
Adversary The Devil
Approved rendering: Dijberê We Îblîs
Transliteration: dijberê we Îblîs
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Adversary
Original: ἀντίδικος … διάβολος … λέων ὠρυόμενος
Category: Cosmology
NEW for 1 Peter. Îblîs/Şeytan are well-established, shared regional vocabulary (the Quran’s own account of the fallen one), a genuine point of common ground, provided the singular adversarial identity is maintained, not folded into a lesser jinn. Used at 5:8.
Conduct
Approved rendering: Tevgera Jiyanê
Transliteration: tevgera jiyanê
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
NEW for 1 Peter. Track this term across every occurrence (1:15,17-18; 2:12; 3:1-2,16) for consistency; it is the letter’s primary word for lived-out holiness and must be locked as a single fixed rendering, not varied stylistically.
Fear Reverent
Approved rendering: Xof
Transliteration: xof
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: φόβος
Category: Christian Life
NEW for 1 Peter. Kurdish possesses a distinct native word (xof) for reverential awe, different from ordinary fear (tirs); recommended specifically to avoid readers hearing mere anxiety. Used at 1:17.
Children Of Obedience
Approved rendering: Zarokên Guhdariyê
Transliteration: zarokên guhdariyê
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: τέκνα ὑπακοῆς
Category: Sanctification
NEW for 1 Peter. Zarok (‘children,’ plain native word) is deliberately distinct from Kurxwendin (baseline adoption term); 1 Peter does not use adoption/huiothesia vocabulary, so this must not be forced into that entry. Guhdarî reused from baseline obedience_of_faith root; same High-risk submission-as-core-category caution applies. Used at 1:14.
Living Word Of God
Approved rendering: Peyva Zindî ya Xwedê
Transliteration: peyva zindî ya Xwedê
Doctrine: New Birth and Spiritual Regeneration
Original: λόγος ζῶντος Θεοῦ
Category: God
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Zindî’ (living) deliberately echoes ‘living hope’ (1:3) and ‘living stone’ (2:4) for a threefold motif across the letter; preserve this repetition rather than varying the translation. Used at 1:23.
Stewards Of Grace
Approved rendering: Rêveberên Kerema Cûrbecûr a Xwedê
Transliteration: rêveberên kerema cûrbecûr a Xwedê
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: οἰκονόμοι … ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Kerem (High-risk baseline grace term) reused; ‘steward/manager’ (rêveber, shares its root with baseline providence, Rêveberiya Xwedê) reinforces the theme of entrusted, not earned, resources, helping the Kerem/keramet distinction the baseline requires. Used at 4:10-11.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: Hezkirin Gelek Gunehan Vedişêre
Transliteration: hezkirin gelek gunehan vedişêre
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Christian Life
NEW for 1 Peter. Echoes Prov 10:12; must not be misread as a competing atonement claim alongside 2:24/3:18’s substitutionary suffering — this is interpersonal forbearance, not the ground of forgiveness before God. Used at 4:8; a translator note distinguishing the two is recommended.
Judgment Begins At Household
Approved rendering: Dadgehî ji Mala Xwedê Dest Pê Dike
Transliteration: dadgehî ji mala Xwedê dest pê dike
Doctrine: Judgment and Refining Discipline
Original: κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
NEW for 1 Peter. ‘Household of God’ echoes 2:5’s ‘spiritual house’ — preserve the vocabulary link. Frames present suffering as God’s own purifying discipline of his people first, not punitive condemnation. Used at 4:17.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: Pêxember
Transliteration: pêxember
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Same finality-of-prophethood risk as nabi. In 1 Peter: the OT prophets who searched out the salvation later revealed, personally moved by the Spirit of Christ (1:10-12).
Prophecy
Approved rendering: Pêxemberî
Transliteration: pêxemberî
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter: the OT prophetic testimony to Christ’s sufferings and glories (1:10-12).
Exhort
Approved rendering: Handan kirin
Transliteration: handan kirin
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive between admonishing and encouraging. In 1 Peter: Peter’s own stated purpose for the whole letter, ‘exhorting and testifying’ (5:12).
Shepherd And Overseer
Approved rendering: Şivan û Çavdêr
Transliteration: şivan û çavdêr
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμήν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
NEW for 1 Peter. Şivan (‘shepherd,’ native, resonant with Kurdish pastoral culture) and çavdêr (‘overseer,’ native, ‘eye-watcher’) are low-collision, high-resonance terms. Used at 2:25 of Christ; preserve consistently into 5:2,4’s eldership vocabulary.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: Wîjdanê Baş
Transliteration: wîjdanê baş
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Christian Life
NEW for 1 Peter. Wîjdan (widely used loanword) is standard modern vocabulary with no major regional-religious collision; ensure it is taught as oriented toward God, not merely social ethics. Used at 3:16,21.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: Afirênerê Dilsoz
Transliteration: afirênerê dilsoz
Doctrine: The Faithful Creator and Providence in Suffering
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
NEW for 1 Peter. Afirêner (Creator, native, from afirandin) is fully shared, uncontested common ground with regional Islamic theology (al-Khaliq); the challenge is retaining the specifically personal-trust dimension (‘entrust,’ not merely ‘acknowledge as Creator’). Used at 4:19.
Babylon
Approved rendering: Babîlon
Transliteration: Babîlon
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Benediction
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Proper Noun
NEW for 1 Peter. Widely understood among scholars as a coded reference to Rome. Low doctrinal risk, but a teaching note explaining the Rome-as-Babylon code is recommended so readers do not mistake it for the literal ancient city. Used at 5:13.
Brotherhood
Approved rendering: Biratî
Transliteration: biratî
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship and Mutual Love
Original: ἀδελφότης
Category: Church
NEW for 1 Peter. Note the overlap with the baseline fellowship (Hevaltî) caution about ‘heval’s’ leftist/political ‘comrade’ resonance; biratî carries a milder version of the same collective-solidarity register with less specific political loading. Used at 2:17; 5:9.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: Ramûsana Hezkirinê
Transliteration: ramûsana hezkirinê
Doctrine: Closing Greetings and Benediction
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Christian Life
NEW for 1 Peter. A customary NT-era greeting of familial affection; literal kissing as a greeting convention may need contextual framing for some audiences, but the underlying warmth carries no doctrinal risk. Used at 5:14.
Referenced passages