Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Titus (English → Ndebele)
This glossary catalogs every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from every chapter of Titus. Terms already present in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json are marked REUSED and carry forward their exact recorded rendering and risk tier unchanged. Terms newly introduced by Titus are marked NEW and are proposed here for addition to translation memory in Phase 2, with a risk tier assigned using the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as doctrine_risk_registry.json.
Risk tiers follow the baseline definitions:
- Critical — mistranslation destroys essential doctrine; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — significant theological confusion/syncretism risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — reduces clarity but preserves essential meaning; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision; automated review sufficient.
Table 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from the Romans Baseline
| English | Greek (translit.) | Ndebele (baseline) | Risk | Titus occurrences | Doctrine link |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός (theos) | uNkulunkulu | Critical | 1:1,3,4,7,9,16; 2:5,10,11,13; 3:4,8 | Sovereignty of God; Christ’s deity (2:13) |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς (Iēsous) | uJesu | Critical | 1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6 | Lordship/Sonship of Christ |
| grace | χάρις (charis) | umusa | Critical | 1:4; 2:11; 3:7,15 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works |
| faith | πίστις (pistis) | ukholo | High | 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:15 | Faith |
| righteousness | δικαιοσύνη (dikaiosynē) | ukulunga | Critical | 3:5 | Salvation by Grace not Works |
| justification | δικαίωσις/δικαιόω (dikaiōsis/dikaioō) | ukulungisiswa | Critical | 3:7 | Salvation by Grace not Works |
| salvation (verb root) | σῴζω (sōzō) | usindiso (root) | Critical | 3:5 | Salvation by Grace not Works |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | umphostoli | Medium | 1:1 | Apostleship |
| holy | ἅγιος (hagios) | -ngcwele | High | 3:5 (πνεῦμα ἅγιον) | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit |
| holy spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον (pneuma hagion) | uMoya oNgcwele | Critical | 3:5 | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit |
| peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | ukuthula | Medium | 1:4 | Grace and Peace |
| law | νόμος (nomos) | umthetho | High | 3:9 | The Law; Avoiding Divisive Controversies |
| election | ἐκλεκτός (eklektos) | ukukhethwa (root) | High | 1:1 | God’s Calling and Election |
| exhort | παρακαλέω (parakaleō) | ukukhuthaza | Low | 2:15 | Christian Encouragement |
| gospel/proclamation (root) | κήρυγμα (kērygma) | (cf. ivangeli / umsebenzi wokutshumayela) | Medium | 1:3 | Proclamation of the Gospel |
| glory | δόξα (doxa) | udumo | High | 2:13 | Sovereignty of God; Christ’s deity |
| eternal life (concept) | ζωὴ αἰώνιος (zōē aiōnios) | (cf. usindiso doctrine family) | Medium | 1:2; 3:7 | Salvation |
| david (proper name convention) | — | uDavida (naming convention) | Low | — | (naming convention reference only; David not named in Titus) |
Note: “eternal life” and “kērygma” do not have single dedicated baseline entries but draw on established baseline term-families (usindiso, ivangeli/mission) and conventions; new dedicated entries are proposed in Table 2 for the specific Titus phrasing.
Table 2 — New Terms Introduced by Titus (Proposed for Translation Memory)
| English | Greek (translit.) | Ndebele proposed | Risk | Doctrine | Titus location(s) | Rationale / forbidden substitutions |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ (sōtēr) | umsindisi | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works; Christ’s deity | 1:3,4; 2:10,13; 3:4,6 | Must be used identically for God the Father and Jesus Christ in every occurrence to preserve Paul’s point of shared saving identity. Never render with a term for a traditional healer (inyanga) or protective ancestral figure. |
| great God and Savior (title, Jesus) | ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | uNkulunkulu omkhulu, uMsindisi wethu, uJesu Kristu (apposition) | Critical | Christ’s deity (extends Sonship of Christ) | 2:13 | Grammar (Granville Sharp construction) identifies Jesus AS God; Ndebele syntax must not permit a two-persons reading. Highest-stakes rendering decision in the book. |
| trains/disciplines (grace’s action) | παιδεύω (paideuō) | ukuqeqetsha | Critical | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Must not be reduced to mere intellectual “teaching,” nor rendered with a term implying fear-based customary discipline disconnected from grace’s motive. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια (eusebeia) | ukwesaba uNkulunkulu | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; general Christian life | 1:1; 2:12 | Distinguish from ritual correctness toward ancestors; must anchor reverence to the one true God. |
| ungodliness | ἀσέβεια (asebeia) | ukungamesabi uNkulunkulu | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | Negation of eusebeia; keep paired consistently. |
| sound doctrine/teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία (hygiainousa didaskalia) | imfundiso ephilileyo | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:9,13; 2:1,2,8 | Preserve the “health” metaphor consistently across all occurrences to track Paul’s health-vs-disease contrast with false teaching. |
| good works | καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα (kala/agatha erga) | imisebenzi emihle | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14 | Must be worded as fruit/evidence of grace, never as the ground of salvation (contrast 3:5). |
| elder (church office) | πρεσβύτερος (presbyteros) | umdala webandla | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:5 | Distinguish sharply from customary/clan “abadala” whose authority is age/lineage-based and sometimes tied to ancestral consultation; this is a congregational, character-tested office. |
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος (episkopos) | umbonisi | High | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Must be shown as the same office as “elder” (1:5–7 uses both interchangeably), not a higher rank. |
| steward of God | οἰκονόμος θεοῦ (oikonomos theou) | umphathi wendlu kaNkulunkulu | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:7 | Delegated, accountable management, not ownership. |
| conscience | συνείδησις (syneidēsis) | unembeza | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (defiled conscience) | 1:15 | Distinguish from isono (sin as act) and from fear of ancestral displeasure. |
| submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | ukuzithoba | High | Submission to Authority | 2:5 (wives); 2:9 (slaves); 3:1 (citizens) | Must be voluntary, Christ-modeled self-subordination, never fear-based deference to a chief or ancestral spirit to avert misfortune. |
| rulers and authorities | ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι (archai exousiai) | ababusi lalabo abalamandla | High | Submission to Authority | 3:1 | Distinguish from amandla kaNkulunkulu (God’s power); this is delegated civil authority. Sensitive to historical Ndebele monarchy connotations — teach as general civil submission, not endorsement of any specific political claim. |
| master (of slaves) | δεσπότης (despotēs) | abanumzana | High | Submission to Authority | 2:9 | MUST NOT use iNkosi or a close variant — that title is reserved exclusively for Christ’s supreme lordship per baseline. |
| redeem | λυτρόω (lytroō) | ukuhlenga | High | Salvation by Grace not Works | 2:14 | Convey a costly liberating transaction, not generic rescue from misfortune. |
| a people for his own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος (laos periousios) | abantu abayisabelo sakhe esikhethekileyo | High | Salvation by Grace not Works; God’s Calling and Election | 2:14 | Covenant treasured-possession status, not servitude or livestock-ownership imagery. |
| mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | isihawu | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:5 | Distinguish from umusa (grace): mercy withholds deserved judgment; grace bestows undeserved favor. |
| regeneration / new birth | παλιγγενεσία (palingenesia) | ukuzalwa kutsha | CRITICAL | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Must never be conflated with reincarnation, an ancestral spirit’s return, or joining the amadlozi. Distinct from ukuvuka kwabafileyo (bodily resurrection) — two separate doctrines, not interchangeable. |
| renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις (anakainōsis) | ukuvuselelwa | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | The Spirit’s ongoing renewing work; must not be conflated with a possessing/indwelling ancestral or diviner-spirit. |
| washing | λουτρόν (loutron) | ukugezwa | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | 3:5 | Associated with baptism as the sign of inward regeneration; not a ritual-purity rite for ancestors. |
| heir | κληρονόμος (klēronomos) | indlalifa | High | Christian Identity in Christ (extends baseline’s “adoption”) | 3:7 | Full, secure inheritance rights; teach alongside ukutholwa njengomntwana (adoption). |
| trustworthy saying (formula) | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος (pistos ho logos) | Lilizwi elithembekile leli | Medium-High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:8 (also recurs in 1–2 Timothy) | Should read as a recognizable fixed formula marking core summarized truth; keep consistent across Pastoral Epistles curricula. |
| foolish controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις (mōrai zētēseis) | impikiswano eziyize | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Speculative, unproductive disputes. |
| genealogies | γενεαλογίαι (genealogiai) | izizukulwane / uzalo | Medium-High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:9 | Sensitive given the cultural weight of clan lineage/isibongo in Ndebele society; frame as rejection of lineage-based spiritual authority claims, not a devaluation of ancestry as social identity. |
| divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος (hairetikos anthrōpos) | umuntu odala ukwahlukana ebandleni | Medium-High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | 3:10 | Church-internal doctrinal/conduct division; remedy is congregational discipline, not traditional dispute mediation. |
| epiphany / appearing | ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια (epiphainō / epiphaneia) | ukubonakala | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Christ’s deity | 2:11,13; 3:4 | Use consistently across all three occurrences to preserve the “one continuous saving plan” motif. |
| blessed hope | μακαρία ἐλπίς (makaria elpis) | ithemba elibusisekileyo | Low-Medium | (Eschatological hope, extends Salvation) | 2:13 | — |
| worldly passions | κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι (kosmikai epithymiai) | izinkanuko zomhlaba | Low-Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | 2:12 | — |
| kindness (God’s character) | χρηστότης (chrēstotēs) | ubuhle | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | Keep distinct from umusa (grace as saving act); this describes God’s character. |
| loving-kindness / love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία (philanthrōpia) | uthando lwabantu | Low-Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | 3:4 | Anchor to God as source, not generic humanitarianism. |
| servant/slave of God (title) | δοῦλος θεοῦ (doulos theou) | isigqili sikaNkulunkulu | Medium | (Apostleship, honorific) | 1:1 | Convey honored, willing service, not degrading bondage. |
| authority (delegated pastoral) | ἐπιταγή (epitagē) | igunya | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:15 | Distinguish from amandla kaNkulunkulu (God’s power) and from civil ἐξουσία (3:1). |
| adorn (the teaching) | κοσμέω (kosmeō) | ukuhlobisa | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:10 | Preserve the vivid image of conduct as ornament to sound doctrine. |
| blaspheme/reviled (word/name) | βλασφημέω (blasphēmeō) | ukuhlambaza | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:5; 3:2 | Keep consistent across both occurrences. |
| unfruitful | ἄκαρπος (akarpos) | ongatheliyo | Low | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 3:14 | Reinforces “good works as fruit” metaphor with 2:14, 3:8. |
| husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνηρ (mias gynaikos anēr) | indoda yomfazi oyedwa | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | 1:6 | Render literally; flag for pastoral/native-speaker commentary given Ndebele customary polygamy context — do not resolve the interpretive question within the translation itself. |
| defiled (conscience/mind) | μεμιαμμένος (memiammenos) | ongcolileyo | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 1:15 | Moral/spiritual defilement before God, not ritual impurity requiring ancestral cleansing. |
| pure (moral/chaste) | ἁγνός (hagnos) | ohlambulukileyo | Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | 2:5 | Distinct nuance from -ngcwele (hagios); moral/sexual purity specifically. |
Table 3 — Minor Vocabulary (Low Risk, Catalogued for Completeness)
These items appear in Titus’s virtue/vice lists across all three chapters. They are catalogued to satisfy full-book coverage but do not require dedicated theologian review; native speaker/automated review is sufficient.
| English | Greek (translit.) | Ndebele proposed | Chapter |
|---|---|---|---|
| self-controlled | σώφρων/σωφρόνως (sōphrōn/sōphronōs) | ukuzikhuza / ngokuzikhuza | 1:8; 2:2,5,6,12 |
| hospitable | φιλόξενος (philoxenos) | ophana izihambi | 1:8 |
| lover of good | φιλάγαθος (philagathos) | othanda okuhle | 1:8 |
| self-disciplined | ἐγκρατής (enkratēs) | ozikhuzayo | 1:8 |
| empty talkers | ματαιολόγοι (mataiologoi) | abakhulumela ize | 1:10 |
| deceivers (of mind) | φρεναπάται (phrenapatai) | abakhohlisa ingqondo | 1:10 |
| detestable | βδελυκτός (bdelyktos) | onengekayo | 1:16 |
| sober/temperate | νηφάλιος (nēphalios) | oqondileyo | 2:2 |
| dignified | σεμνός (semnos) | ohloniphekayo | 2:2,7 |
| endurance | ὑπομονή (hypomonē) | ukubekezela | 2:2 |
| reverent behavior | ἱεροπρεπής (hieroprepēs) | ukuziphatha okufanele abangcwele | 2:3 |
| slanderer | διάβολος (used adjectivally) (diabolos) | umhlebi | 2:3 |
| working at home | οἰκουργός (oikourgos) | osebenzela ekhaya | 2:5 |
| pattern/example | τύπος (typos) | isibonelo | 2:7 |
| integrity | ἀφθορία (aphthoria) | ubuqotho | 2:7 |
| well-pleasing | εὐάρεστος (euarestos) | othokozisayo | 2:9 |
| pilfering | νοσφιζόμενος (nosphizomenos) | ukweba kancane | 2:10 |
| peaceable | ἄμαχος (amachos) | ongaxabaniyo | 3:2 |
| gentle/reasonable | ἐπιεικής (epieikēs) | omnene | 3:2 |
| gentleness | πραΰτης (prautēs) | ubumnene | 3:2 |
| foolish | ἀνόητος (anoētos) | ongelangqondo | 3:3 |
| led astray | πλανώμενος (planōmenos) | odukisiweyo | 3:3 |
| malice | κακία (kakia) | ububi | 3:3 |
| envy | φθόνος (phthonos) | umhawu | 3:3 |
| hate | μισέω (miseō) | ukuzonda | 3:3 |
| warning/admonition | νουθεσία (nouthesia) | isixwayiso | 3:10 |
| self-condemned | αὐτοκατάκριτος (autokatakritos) | uzilahla ngokwakhe | 3:11 |
Cross-Reference Notes for Phase 2
- σωτήρ (umsindisi) is the single most important new term to add to translation memory: it must be enforced with the same absolute priority as Critical baseline terms (uNkulunkulu, umusa, usindiso, ukuncengela), given its direct role in the Titus 2:13 deity-of-Christ statement.
- παλιγγενεσία (ukuzalwa kutsha) requires the same forbidden-substitution warning already established for “resurrection” in the baseline AI instruction set — extend the existing forbidden-substitutions list in
12_ai_translation_requirements.md(Phase 1 Step 2) to cover this term explicitly. - πρεσβύτερος/ἐπίσκοπος and δεσπότης both require explicit collision-avoidance guidance parallel to the baseline’s existing “iNkosi” guidance — these should be added to the forbidden-substitution list in the same document.
- All new terms in Table 2 are proposed additions to
translation_memory.json; final version-numbering and formal registry entry are Phase 2 Step 2 deliverables, not produced in this Phase 1 Step 1 analysis.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: uNkulunkulu
Transliteration: uNkulunkulu
Doctrine: Sovereignty of God (Romans); Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior (Titus 1:3-4; 2:13; 3:4)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus, ‘God our Savior’ (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and ‘our great God and Savior Jesus Christ’ (2:13) apply this same word to both Father and Son — never let uNkulunkulu feel remote or reached only through amadlozi; Titus repeatedly emphasizes direct saving access.
Jesus
Approved rendering: uJesu
Transliteration: uJesu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Titus 1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6, including the book’s central deity-of-Christ statement at 2:13.
Grace
Approved rendering: umusa
Transliteration: umusa
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 2:11 grace itself is the acting subject that ‘appears’ and ‘trains’ (paideuousa); in 3:7 believers are ‘justified by his grace.’ Must not be softened into general kindness or a reward for ritual correctness toward uNkulunkulu or amadlozi.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: ukulunga
Transliteration: ukulunga
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5 explicitly excludes ‘works done in ukulunga’ as the ground of salvation — reinforces the baseline caution against collapsing this into moral achievement or ritual merit.
Justification
Approved rendering: ukulungisiswa
Transliteration: ukulungisiswa
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works; Christian Identity as Heirs in Christ
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7 (‘having been justified by his grace’) is doctrinally identical to Romans 3:24 and 5:1; use the identical established rendering with no variation.
Salvation
Approved rendering: usindiso
Transliteration: usindiso
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: σῴζω / σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5 grounds salvation in God’s mercy and the Spirit’s regenerating work, not human works; the noun-root underlies the new term ‘umsindisi’ (Savior), preserving the family relationship between the two words.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: uMoya oNgcwele
Transliteration: uMoya oNgcwele
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s ‘renewal of the Holy Spirit’ must not be conflated with a possessing/indwelling ancestral or diviner-spirit — the same collision risk documented in the baseline.
Savior
Approved rendering: umsindisi
Transliteration: umsindisi
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior
Rejected alternatives: inyanga (traditional healer), protective ancestral guardian figure
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW. Title applied identically to God the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and Jesus Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6) — must be rendered with the identical Ndebele word at every occurrence to preserve Paul’s deliberate point that Father and Son share one saving office. Never render with a term suggesting a traditional healer or ancestral figure who saves from misfortune; this Savior deals with sin and grants eternal life.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: uNkulunkulu omkhulu, uMsindisi wethu, uJesu Kristu
Transliteration: uNkulunkulu omkhulu, uMsindisi wethu, uJesu Kristu
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior
Rejected alternatives: coordinating structure implying two separate beings (‘uNkulunkulu omkhulu kanye loMsindisi wethu uJesu Kristu’)
Original: ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Titus 2:13’s Granville Sharp construction (one article, two nouns) grammatically identifies Jesus Christ himself as ‘our great God and Savior’ — one of the NT’s clearest affirmations of full deity. Ndebele syntax must use apposition, never a coordinating ‘and’ structure that could be misread as naming two beings. The single highest-stakes rendering decision in the entire book; requires dedicated native-speaker back-translation testing.
Grace Trains
Approved rendering: ukuqeqetsha
Transliteration: ukuqeqetsha
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: ukufundisa (mere intellectual teaching), ukujezisa (punishment disconnected from grace’s motive)
Original: παιδεύουσα (παιδεύω)
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders paideuousa (Titus 2:12), grace’s active, formative discipline. Must not be reduced to intellectual teaching alone, nor rendered with a term implying harsh punishment or fear-based customary discipline imposed by a chief/elder to secure compliance. Every occurrence must keep ‘umusa’ as the explicit grammatical subject so agency stays with grace, not law or self-effort.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: ukuzalwa kutsha
Transliteration: ukuzalwa kutsha
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: a term implying reincarnation or cyclical rebirth, conflation with ukuvuka kwabafileyo (bodily resurrection)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL — NEW. Renders palingenesia (Titus 3:5), the single highest-risk term in Titus for Ndebele. Must never be conflated with a person’s spirit returning, being reincarnated, or joining the amadlozi in a new form — the same conflation the baseline forbids for ‘resurrection.’ Must also remain distinct from the baseline’s ukuvuka kwabafileyo: two separate, non-interchangeable doctrines (present inward renewal vs. future bodily rising). Mandate an explicit accompanying clause distinguishing these at every occurrence.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: ukholo
Transliteration: ukholo
Doctrine: God’s Calling and Election; general Christian life
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Titus 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:15.
Holy
Approved rendering: -ngcwele
Transliteration: ngcwele
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Titus as part of ‘Holy Spirit’ (3:5).
Law
Approved rendering: umthetho
Transliteration: umthetho
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 3:9, ‘quarrels about the law’ are cited as an example of unproductive controversy to be avoided, not engaged.
Election
Approved rendering: ukukhethwa
Transliteration: ukukhethwa
Doctrine: God’s Calling and Election
Original: ἐκλεκτός (cf. ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1 uses the cognate adjective (‘God’s elect’) rather than the Romans abstract noun; same doctrinal caution against impersonal fate or ancestrally-assigned destiny applies.
Glory
Approved rendering: udumo
Transliteration: udumo
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior
Rejected alternatives: inkazimulo
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13 ties Christ’s future appearing to ‘the glory of our great God and Savior’ — part of the book’s central deity-of-Christ statement.
Father
Approved rendering: uBaba
Transliteration: uBaba
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior; salutation formula
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Titus 1:4 (‘grace and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior’), naming God the Father alongside Christ under a shared saving framework; must remain anchored to the specific Father-Son relationship, not a generic ancestral-elder figure.
Godliness
Approved rendering: ukwesaba uNkulunkulu
Transliteration: ukwesaba uNkulunkulu
Doctrine: Godliness and Reverence for God
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders eusebeia (Titus 1:1; 2:12), a summary term for the whole Christian life. Always paired explicitly with uNkulunkulu — never left as bare ‘ukwesaba,’ which could default to ukwesaba amadlozi (fear of ancestral spirits) in context.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: imfundiso ephilileyo
Transliteration: imfundiso ephilileyo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders hygiainousa didaskalia (Titus 1:9,13; 2:1,2,8), literally ‘healthy teaching.’ Must consistently use the health metaphor across every occurrence so readers track Paul’s repeated health-vs-disease contrast against the false teaching of 1:10-16 and 3:9-11. Introduce with an explicit teaching note at first occurrence (1:9).
Good Works
Approved rendering: imisebenzi emihle
Transliteration: imisebenzi emihle
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders kala/agatha erga, recurring across all three chapters (1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14). Must be worded consistently as the fruit/evidence of grace-wrought faith, never its ground — Titus 3:5 explicitly excludes works as the basis of salvation.
Elder
Approved rendering: umdala webandla
Transliteration: umdala webandla
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: bare ‘umdala’ without the ‘webandla’ qualifier
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders presbyteros (Titus 1:5). Ndebele ‘abadala’ carries strong customary authority within family, clan, and traditional courts, sometimes linked to ancestral consultation. Always bind ‘umdala’ to ‘webandla’ as a fixed compound, never standalone, to mark this as a congregational office based on tested character and sound doctrine (1:9), not inherited age or lineage.
Overseer
Approved rendering: umbonisi
Transliteration: umbonisi
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders episkopos (Titus 1:7), used interchangeably with ‘elder’ for the same office in 1:5-7. Must be taught as the same office viewed under its functional aspect, not a higher rank — avoid inventing a church hierarchy not present in the text.
Defiled Conscience
Approved rendering: ongcolileyo
Transliteration: ongcolileyo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: μεμιαμμένοις (μιαίνω)
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders memiammenois/miainō (Titus 1:15), marking false teachers. Must be read as moral/spiritual defilement of conscience before uNkulunkulu, not ritual impurity requiring ancestral cleansing rites.
Submission
Approved rendering: ukuzithoba
Transliteration: ukuzithoba
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority
NEW. Renders hypotassō, governing wives (2:5), slaves (2:9), and citizens (3:1). Must be voluntary, Christ-modeled self-subordination, never the fear-based deference traditionally owed to a chief (iNkosi) or ancestral spirit to avert misfortune. Every occurrence must carry or imply a gospel-motivated rationale (2:5b, 2:10b), not bare hierarchical compliance.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: ababusi lalabo abalamandla
Transliteration: ababusi lalabo abalamandla
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Authority
NEW. Renders archai exousiai (Titus 3:1), civil government. Must be kept distinct from ‘amandla kaNkulunkulu’ (God’s power); teach as general submission to civil government, sensitive to the historical weight of the pre-colonial Ndebele monarchy (iNkosi, umbuso) — not an endorsement of any specific ruler’s absolute claim.
Master Of Slaves
Approved rendering: abanumzana
Transliteration: abanumzana
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: iNkosi, close cognates of iNkosi
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority
NEW. Renders despotēs (Titus 2:9), household authority over slaves. MUST NEVER use iNkosi or a close variant — that title is reserved exclusively for Christ’s supreme lordship per the baseline. A single lexical slip here would directly contradict that Critical reservation.
Redeem
Approved rendering: ukuhlenga
Transliteration: ukuhlenga
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders lytroō (Titus 2:14), Christ’s self-giving to redeem believers from all lawlessness. Must convey a costly liberating transaction, distinct from a general ‘rescue,’ which could collapse into the baseline’s caution against reducing salvation to physical deliverance from misfortune.
Treasured Possession
Approved rendering: abantu abayisabelo sakhe esikhethekileyo
Transliteration: abantu abayisabelo sakhe esikhethekileyo
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works; God’s Calling and Election
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders laos periousios (Titus 2:14, echoing Exodus 19:5). Must convey covenant belonging and treasured status, not servitude, livestock-ownership, or the tribute-based ‘isabelo’ owed to a chief, which could recast the church as subjects rather than a beloved possession.
Renewal
Approved rendering: ukuvuselelwa
Transliteration: ukuvuselelwa
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders anakainōsis (Titus 3:5), the Holy Spirit’s ongoing renewing work. Must not be conflated with a possessing/indwelling ancestral or diviner-spirit; this is the Spirit of God himself renewing a believer from within.
Heir
Approved rendering: indlalifa
Transliteration: indlalifa
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Heirs in Christ
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders klēronomos (Titus 3:7). Must convey full, secure inheritance rights, echoing the baseline’s ‘adoption’ entry (ukutholwa njengomntwana); should be taught alongside adoption as reinforcing full sonship-inheritance, not a lesser, conditional, or probationary status echoing a junior wife’s children in customary Ndebele family structures.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: izizukulwane / uzalo
Transliteration: izizukulwane / uzalo
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders genealogiai (Titus 3:9). Genealogical/lineage concerns carry major cultural weight in Ndebele society (clan identity, izibongo praise-names, ancestral lineage as a source of status). Must be framed narrowly as targeting speculative use of lineage as a claim to spiritual authority or salvation-status, not as a devaluation of ancestry or clan identity as social good — parallels the baseline’s caution against ancestral mediation.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: umuntu odala ukwahlukana ebandleni
Transliteration: umuntu odala ukwahlukana ebandleni
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Church
NEW. Renders hairetikos anthrōpos (Titus 3:10). Must be understood as church-internal doctrinal/conduct division; the prescribed remedy (warning, then separation) is a specifically congregational discipline process, not traditional dispute mediation through a chief or ancestral consultation.
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: umphostoli
Transliteration: umphostoli
Doctrine: Apostleship (general)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Titus 1:1, alongside ‘doulos theou’ (servant of God) as a paired self-description.
Peace
Approved rendering: ukuthula
Transliteration: ukuthula
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness; salutation formula
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs in Titus 1:4’s salutation, paired with grace as in the baseline’s ‘grace_and_peace’ doctrine.
Gospel
Approved rendering: ivangeli
Transliteration: ivangeli
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (general gospel-content family)
Inherited from Romans package. The specific Greek noun euangelion is not itself used in Titus, but the term-family underlies the new ‘gospel_proclamation’ (kērygma) entry below; retained here for continuity across curricula.
Mission
Approved rendering: umsebenzi wokutshumayela
Transliteration: umsebenzi wokutshumayela
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (proclamation family)
Inherited from Romans package. Related to but distinct from the new ‘gospel_proclamation’ (ukutshunyayelwa) entry, which names the content proclaimed (Titus 1:3) rather than the act of being sent.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: ukungamesabi uNkulunkulu
Transliteration: ukungamesabi uNkulunkulu
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders asebeia (Titus 2:12), the negation of godliness. Must be tied to the true God, not a general failure of ritual correctness toward amadlozi. Keep consistently paired with ‘godliness.‘
Steward Of God
Approved rendering: umphathi wendlu kaNkulunkulu
Transliteration: umphathi wendlu kaNkulunkulu
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Renders oikonomos theou (Titus 1:7). Conveys delegated, accountable management of God’s household, not personal ownership.
Conscience
Approved rendering: unembeza
Transliteration: unembeza
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders syneidēsis (Titus 1:15). Keep distinguishable from isono (sin as an act) and from fear of ancestral displeasure, a different, externally-oriented guilt-consciousness in traditional religion.
Mercy
Approved rendering: isihawu
Transliteration: isihawu
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Renders eleos (Titus 3:5), cited as the basis of salvation. Distinguish from umusa (grace): mercy withholds deserved judgment, grace bestows undeserved favor. Both appear together in 3:4-5 and must remain distinguishable, not used as stylistic variants of each other.
Washing
Approved rendering: ukugezwa
Transliteration: ukugezwa
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders loutron (Titus 3:5), associated with baptism as the sign of inward Spirit-wrought cleansing. Must not be understood as a ritual-purity rite performed to appease or honor the ancestors.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: impilo engapheliyo
Transliteration: impilo engapheliyo
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Heirs in Christ; Salvation by Grace not Works
NEW. Renders zōē aiōnios (Titus 1:2; 3:7). Draws on the established usindiso doctrine family but names the specific hope believers inherit; keep the eschatological horizon distinct from present-tense usindiso and from present-tense ukuzalwa kutsha.
Trustworthy Saying
Approved rendering: Lilizwi elithembekile leli
Transliteration: Lilizwi elithembekile leli
Doctrine: Trustworthy Apostolic Teaching
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders the fixed Pastoral Epistles formula pistos ho logos (Titus 3:8; also recurring in 1-2 Timothy). Should read as a recognizable set formula each time it occurs, signaling a core, memorizable gospel truth; lock this exact phrasing for consistency across future Pastoral Epistles curricula.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: impikiswano eziyize
Transliteration: impikiswano eziyize
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders mōrai zētēseis (Titus 3:9), speculative, unproductive disputes to avoid.
Epiphany Appearing
Approved rendering: ukubonakala
Transliteration: ukubonakala
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior
Original: ἐπιφαίνω / ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
NEW. Renders epiphainō/epiphaneia across grace’s appearing (2:11), Christ’s future glorious appearing (2:13), and God’s kindness appearing (3:4). Use the identical Ndebele verb at all three occurrences to preserve the ‘one continuous saving plan’ motif — a decisive historical manifestation, not a vague ‘becoming known.‘
Blessed Hope
Approved rendering: ithemba elibusisekileyo
Transliteration: ithemba elibusisekileyo
Doctrine: Deity of Christ as Great God and Savior (eschatological hope)
Original: μακαρία ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Renders makaria elpis (Titus 2:13). Should retain a settled, joy-filled certainty grounded in Christ’s promised return, not vague optimism.
Kindness Of God
Approved rendering: ubuhle
Transliteration: ubuhle
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: χρηστότης
Category: God
NEW. Renders chrēstotēs (Titus 3:4), God’s benevolent character. Keep distinct from umusa (grace/charis, the saving act): chrēstotēs describes God’s character, charis his saving act.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: isigqili sikaNkulunkulu
Transliteration: isigqili sikaNkulunkulu
Doctrine: Apostleship (honorific self-description)
Original: δοῦλος θεοῦ
Category: Church
NEW. Renders doulos theou (Titus 1:1), Paul’s honorific self-description. Must convey willing, honored service, not degrading bondage.
Pastoral Authority
Approved rendering: igunya
Transliteration: igunya
Doctrine: Pastoral Authority and Exhortation
Original: ἐπιταγή
Category: Church
NEW. Renders epitagē (Titus 2:15), Titus’s delegated teaching authority. Distinguish from amandla kaNkulunkulu (God’s own power) and from civil ἐξουσία in 3:1; this is delegated teaching authority within the church, not divine omnipotence or civil rule.
Adorn Teaching
Approved rendering: ukuhlobisa
Transliteration: ukuhlobisa
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: κοσμέω
Category: Church
NEW. Renders kosmeō (Titus 2:10), godly conduct that visibly commends sound doctrine. A vivid image worth preserving, not flattening to a generic ‘making it look good.‘
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: ukuhlambaza
Transliteration: ukuhlambaza
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: βλασφημέω
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders blasphēmeō, applied to God’s word (2:5) and to persons (3:2). Keep consistent across both occurrences.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: indoda yomfazi oyedwa
Transliteration: indoda yomfazi oyedwa
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church
NEW. Renders mias gynaikos anēr (Titus 1:6). A well-known interpretive crux; Ndebele customary polygamy makes this qualification culturally significant. Render literally and flag for pastoral/native-speaker commentary rather than resolving the interpretive question within the translation.
Pure Chaste
Approved rendering: ohlambulukileyo
Transliteration: ohlambulukileyo
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: ἁγνός
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders hagnos (Titus 2:5), moral/sexual purity specifically. Distinct nuance from -ngcwele (hagios, set-apart holiness).
Gospel Proclamation
Approved rendering: ukutshunyayelwa
Transliteration: ukutshunyayelwa
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Church
NEW. Renders kērygma (Titus 1:3), the authoritative message entrusted to Paul. Distinct Greek word from euangelion; builds on the baseline’s ‘mission’ entry but names the content proclaimed. Keep distinct from customary public announcements made by a chief or through a spirit medium.
Reverent Behavior
Approved rendering: ukuziphatha okufanele abangcwele
Transliteration: ukuziphatha okufanele abangcwele
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: ἱεροπρεπής
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders hieroprepēs (Titus 2:3), required of older women. The root’s ‘sacred/priestly’ resonance should not be overstated into a quasi-priestly office; describes reverent character, not ecclesial rank.
Pattern Example
Approved rendering: isibonelo
Transliteration: isibonelo
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: τύπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders typos (Titus 2:7), the pattern of good works Titus himself is to be. Should retain the sense of a concrete, visible model to imitate.
Foolish
Approved rendering: ongelangqondo
Transliteration: ongelangqondo
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἀνόητος
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders anoētos (Titus 3:3), describing believers’ pre-conversion state. Sets up the essential ‘before/after grace’ contrast; must read as a genuine past condition shared by all, including Paul.
Led Astray
Approved rendering: odukisiweyo
Transliteration: odukisiweyo
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: πλανώμενος
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders planōmenos (Titus 3:3). Part of the before/after grace contrast; must not imply the deception was specifically of ancestral or supernatural origin.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: ukukhuthaza
Transliteration: ukukhuthaza
Doctrine: Pastoral Authority and Exhortation
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs Titus 2:15 alongside ‘rebuke’ (elenche).
Worldly Passions
Approved rendering: izinkanuko zomhlaba
Transliteration: izinkanuko zomhlaba
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders kosmikai epithymiai (Titus 2:12). Standard vice vocabulary, low ambiguity.
Love For Mankind
Approved rendering: uthando lwabantu
Transliteration: uthando lwabantu
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: God
NEW. Renders philanthrōpia (Titus 3:4), paired with God’s kindness. Ensure it is not flattened into generic humanitarianism detached from God as its source.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: ongatheliyo
Transliteration: ongatheliyo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders akarpos (Titus 3:14). Reinforces the ‘good works as fruit’ metaphor consistent with 2:14 and 3:8.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: ukuzikhuza / ngokuzikhuza
Transliteration: ukuzikhuza / ngokuzikhuza
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders sōphrōn/sōphronōs, a recurring virtue-list term (1:8; 2:2,5,6,12). Standard low-ambiguity vocabulary.
Hospitable
Approved rendering: ophana izihambi
Transliteration: ophana izihambi
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders philoxenos (Titus 1:8), an elder qualification.
Lover Of Good
Approved rendering: othanda okuhle
Transliteration: othanda okuhle
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: φιλάγαθος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders philagathos (Titus 1:8), an elder qualification.
Self Disciplined
Approved rendering: ozikhuzayo
Transliteration: ozikhuzayo
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἐγκρατής
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders enkratēs (Titus 1:8), an elder qualification.
Empty Talkers
Approved rendering: abakhulumela ize
Transliteration: abakhulumela ize
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ματαιολόγοι
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders mataiologoi (Titus 1:10), describing false teachers.
Deceivers Of Mind
Approved rendering: abakhohlisa ingqondo
Transliteration: abakhohlisa ingqondo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: φρεναπάται
Category: Doctrine
NEW. Renders phrenapatai (Titus 1:10), describing false teachers.
Detestable
Approved rendering: onengekayo
Transliteration: onengekayo
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: βδελυκτός
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders bdelyktos (Titus 1:16), describing those who profess but deny God by their works.
Sober Temperate
Approved rendering: oqondileyo
Transliteration: oqondileyo
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: νηφάλιος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders nēphalios (Titus 2:2), required of older men.
Dignified
Approved rendering: ohloniphekayo
Transliteration: ohloniphekayo
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: σεμνός
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders semnos (Titus 2:2,7).
Endurance
Approved rendering: ukubekezela
Transliteration: ukubekezela
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders hypomonē (Titus 2:2), required of older men.
Slanderer
Approved rendering: umhlebi
Transliteration: umhlebi
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: διάβολος (adjectival)
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders the adjectival diabolos (Titus 2:3), a vice to avoid; note the same root also names Satan elsewhere in the NT, but this is the adjectival vice sense only.
Working At Home
Approved rendering: osebenzela ekhaya
Transliteration: osebenzela ekhaya
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: οἰκουργός
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders oikourgos (Titus 2:5). Avoid a rendering implying confinement rather than diligent household stewardship, an emphasis compatible with Ndebele family values.
Integrity
Approved rendering: ubuqotho obungenasici
Transliteration: ubuqotho obungenasici
Doctrine: Household Ethics and Gospel Witness
Original: ἀφθορία
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders aphthoria (Titus 2:7), integrity in teaching.
Well Pleasing
Approved rendering: othokozisayo
Transliteration: othokozisayo
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: εὐάρεστος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders euarestos (Titus 2:9), required of slaves toward masters.
Pilfering
Approved rendering: ukweba kancane
Transliteration: ukweba kancane
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: νοσφιζόμενος
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders nosphizomenos (Titus 2:10), forbidden of slaves.
Peaceable
Approved rendering: ongaxabaniyo
Transliteration: ongaxabaniyo
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἄμαχος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders amachos (Titus 3:2).
Gentle Reasonable
Approved rendering: omnene
Transliteration: omnene
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἐπιεικής
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders epieikēs (Titus 3:2).
Gentleness
Approved rendering: ubumnene
Transliteration: ubumnene
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πραΰτης
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Renders prautēs (Titus 3:2), shown toward all people.
Malice
Approved rendering: ububi
Transliteration: ububi
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: κακία
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders kakia (Titus 3:3), part of the pre-conversion vice list.
Envy
Approved rendering: umhawu
Transliteration: umhawu
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: φθόνος
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders phthonos (Titus 3:3), part of the pre-conversion vice list.
Hate
Approved rendering: ukuzonda
Transliteration: ukuzonda
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: μισέω
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders miseō (Titus 3:3), mutual hatred, part of the pre-conversion condition.
Warning Admonition
Approved rendering: isixwayiso
Transliteration: isixwayiso
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Church
NEW. Renders nouthesia (Titus 3:10), a formal warning given before separation from a divisive person; part of the congregational discipline process.
Self Condemned
Approved rendering: uzilahla ngokwakhe
Transliteration: uzilahla ngokwakhe
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Sin
NEW. Renders autokatakritos (Titus 3:11), describing a persistently divisive person after warning.
Referenced passages