Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Gospel of John (Greek Destination Language)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning the core passage (John 3:1-21) and all 21 chapters of John. Terms marked [TM] are inherited exactly from the baseline translation_memory.json and MUST NOT be altered. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions for this curriculum’s translation memory, pending the same version-increment and theologian-flagging procedure specified in the baseline’s 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s framework: Critical (theologian review, every occurrence) / High (theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).

Master Glossary Table

#	English Term	Greek Rendering	Transliteration	Risk	Doctrine	Chapters	Status	Key Risk Note
1	Word (Logos)	Λόγος	Logos	Critical	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	1	[NEW]	Direct native access to pre-Christian Greek philosophical Logos (Heraclitus, Stoics) as impersonal ordering-principle; must anchor to John’s personal, pre-existent, fully divine Son. Also risks flattening to ordinary “word/speech/reason.”
2	Only begotten / unique	μονογενής	monogenēs	Critical	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ; Sonship of Christ	1, 3	[NEW]	Common Modern Greek word for “only child” (family register); must be distinguished from τέκνα Θεού (believers’ adoptive status) and anchored to Christ’s unique, eternal, non-derivative Sonship.
3	I am (absolute & predicated)	Εγώ είμαι	egō eimai	Critical	Seven “I Am” Statements; Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 13, 14, 15, 18	[NEW]	Most severe risk in the package: identical to the single most common self-identification phrase in daily Modern Greek speech; no lexical alternative exists. Requires mandatory contextual glossing anchoring absolute occurrences (8:58; 13:19; 18:5-8) to Exodus 3:14 LXX. Theologian review every occurrence.
4	Born again / from above	γεννηθεί άνωθεν	gennēthei anōthen	Critical	New Birth & Regeneration	3	[NEW]	Rare reverse-direction asset: ἄνωθεν preserves both “from above” and “again” senses simultaneously, as in the Koine original. Risk: modern ἄνωθεν has drifted toward a bureaucratic-hierarchical “order from above/from headquarters” register, suppressing the birth-imagery half of the pun.
5	Eternal life	ζωή αιώνιος	zōē aiōnios	Critical	Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 17, 20	[NEW]	Liturgically alive (funeral/memorial prayers) but risks narrowing to a future/post-mortem-only sense; John 3:15-16 and 17:3 teach it as a present, relational possession. Anchor to 17:3’s self-definition (“that they know you”).
6	World	κόσμος	kosmos	High	God’s Love for the World; Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	1, 3, 4, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18	[NEW]	Extremely common secular word (“κόσμος” = crowd/people/universe, morally neutral); must be disambiguated between the loving God’s-love-object sense (3:16) and the hostile, rebellion-organized sense (3:19; 15:18ff).
7	Love	αγάπη / αγαπάω	agapē / agapaō	Critical	God’s Love for the World	3, 13, 15, 21	[NEW]	Modern Greek has substantially collapsed the classical ἀγάπη/ἔρως/φιλία distinctions; ἀγάπη is now the ordinary word for romantic/spousal love (“σ’ αγαπώ”). John’s self-giving, sacrificial sense (3:16; 15:13) risks a sentimental-romantic misreading.
8	Judge / judgment	κρίνω / κρίση	krinō / krisis	High	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	3, 5, 9, 12	[NEW]	Modern Greek κρίση is dominated by the “[economic] crisis” sense (η οικονομική κρίση); the forensic-theological sense of divine judgment/verdict must be actively reinforced, especially in noun form. Prefer verbal κρίνω constructions where possible.
9	Convict / expose	ελέγχω	elenchō	High	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief; Holy Spirit as Counselor	3, 16	[NEW]	Modern Greek ἔλεγχος means “inspection/audit/school report card” — a bureaucratic-administrative bleaching parallel to κλήση in the baseline. Must reactivate the forensic “expose sin/guilt” sense.
10	Light	φως	phōs	High	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief; Seven “I Am” Statements	1, 3, 8, 9, 12	[NEW]	Rich native Orthodox theology of uncreated light (Transfiguration, hesychasm, Gregory Palamas) risks displacing John’s revelatory-ethical sense (exposing deeds) with a mystical-experiential one.
11	Darkness	σκότος	skotos	Medium	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	1, 3	[NEW]	Stable; ensure the active, chosen (“loved darkness,” 3:19) not merely passive/descriptive sense is retained.
12	Truth	αλήθεια	alētheia	Medium	Holy Spirit as Counselor; Seven “I Am” Statements	3, 4, 8, 14, 15, 16, 21	[NEW]	Common, stable word for factual truth; risks flattening John’s personal-relational-ontological sense (truth as a quality of Christ himself, 14:6) into mere factual accuracy.
13	Testimony / witness	μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω	martyria / martyreō	High	Fulfillment of Prophecy; general apologetic structure	1, 3, 5, 8, 15, 21	[NEW]	Modern legal-courtroom sense is a genuine asset (matches John’s forensic usage); risk is the LATER cognate development toward “martyrdom” (μαρτύριο), importing suffering-unto-death connotations not present in the term’s Johannine forensic usage.
14	Sign	σημείο	sēmeion	Medium-High	General (miracle-narrative structure)	2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 20	[NEW]	Extremely common secular word (road sign, mathematical point, punctuation mark); must retain the technical Johannine sense of a revelatory, faith-provoking miraculous act.
15	Son of Man	ο Υιός του ανθρώπου	ho Huios tou anthrōpou	Critical	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	3, 5, 6, 9, 12, 13	[NEW]	Literal phrase risks reading as mere emphasis on Jesus’s humanity/humility, inverting the Daniel 7 exalted-dominion sense the title actually carries.
16	Lifted up / exalted	υψωθεί	hypsōthēnai	High	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	3, 8, 12	[NEW]	Deliberate double meaning (crucifixion AND glorification) must be actively preserved via translator note; a reader may otherwise hear only the literal “raised up on a pole” sense.
17	Lamb of God	Αμνός του Θεού	Amnos tou Theou	High	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	1, 19	[NEW]	Elevated/liturgical register (contrasted with everyday αρνί, prominent in Greek Easter culinary culture); the Passover/Isaiah-53 substitutionary sense risks being crowded out by festive-culinary association.
18	Children of God (adoptive)	τέκνα Θεού	tekna theou	Medium	New Birth & Regeneration	1, 8, 11	[NEW]	Must be actively distinguished from μονογενής Υιός and Υιός του Θεού [TM]; a doctrinally load-bearing distinction (derivative sonship vs. unique eternal Sonship).
19	Believe	πιστεύω	pisteuō	High	Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	1, 3, 4, 6, 9, 11, 12, 14, 20	[NEW] (verb form of TM faith/πίστη)	John’s single most frequent verb (98x) and the Gospel’s stated purpose (20:31); the εἰς-construction (“believe into”) signals personal entrusting reliance, not mere propositional assent.
20	Abide / remain	μένω	menō	Medium	Unity of the Father and the Son; Christian life	1, 14, 15	[NEW]	Extremely common secular word for “live/reside/stay”; the theological sense of ongoing, vital, mutual spiritual union must be reinforced by context every occurrence.
21	I and the Father are one	εγώ και ο Πατέρας είμαστε ένα	egō kai ho Patēr esmen hen	Critical	Unity of the Father and the Son	10	[NEW]	Grammatically neuter “ἕν” (one essence/reality) preserved directly in Modern Greek — an asset; risk is purely doctrinal, guarding against a modalist “same person” misreading vs. the intended unity-of-essence sense.
22	That they may be one	ίνα εν ώσιν	hina hen ōsin	Critical	Unity of the Father and the Son	17	[NEW]	Must be distinguished from #21: believers’ unity is patterned on, not identical in kind to, the Father-Son ontological unity.
23	Counselor / Advocate	Παράκλητος	Paraklētos	Critical	Holy Spirit as Counselor	14, 15, 16	[NEW]	Comparatively rare in ordinary Modern Greek (low secular-bleaching risk) but risks being flattened toward “comforter who consoles” alone via its common cognate παρακαλώ/παράκληση, losing the fuller advocate/legal-helper/teacher senses.
24	Spirit of truth	Πνεύμα της αληθείας	Pneuma tēs alētheias	Critical	Holy Spirit as Counselor	14, 15, 16	[NEW]	Compounds Holy Spirit [TM, Critical] and Truth (#12); identifies the Paraclete explicitly with the already-established divine Person.
25	It is finished	Τετέλεσται	Tetelestai	Critical	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	19	[NEW]	Perfect-tense “completed-and-abidingly-effective” force must be preserved against readings implying an ongoing, incomplete, or repeatable atoning work. No secular-bleaching risk; the specific verse-form is essentially unique to this text.
26	My Lord and my God	Ο Κύριός μου και ο Θεός μου	Ho Kyrios mou kai ho Theos mou	Critical	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	20	[TM] (compounds lord + god)	Combines two baseline Critical entries at maximal intensity; the Κύριος-as-”Mister/Sir” flattening risk applies with full force in this direct personal worship-address.
27	Equal with God	ίσος με τον Θεό	isos tō theō	Critical	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	5	[NEW]	No secular-bleaching risk; must never be softened to “God-like” or merely “similar to God” — the text affirms, not corrects, this charge.
28	Receive the Holy Spirit	Λάβετε Πνεύμα Άγιο	Labete Pneuma Hagion	Critical	Holy Spirit as Counselor	20	[TM] (Holy Spirit)	John’s own “mini-Pentecost”; requires a harmonization note relating it to Acts 2 without contradiction.
29	Forgive sins	αφήνω τις αμαρτίες	aphiēmi tas hamartias	High	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection; Church	20	[NEW] (root: TM sin/αμαρτία)	Orthodox sacramental-confession theology gives this verse a specific priestly-absolution application; curriculum should present the Johannine sense without polemicizing against or over-affirming that later development.
30	Draw	ελκύω	helkyō	High	Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	6	[NEW]	Parallels baseline TM election (εκλογή, High) — God’s sovereign initiative in bringing a person to faith; flag for doctrinal consistency with existing election treatment.
31	Bread of life	άρτος της ζωής	artos tēs zōēs	High	Seven “I Am” Statements	6	[NEW]	Άρτος survives specifically in liturgical/Eucharistic register (contrasted with everyday ψωμί); risk of narrowing exclusively to Eucharistic reference at the expense of the broader self-identification claim.
32	Eat his flesh / drink his blood	φαγείν την σάρκα / πιείν το αίμα	phagein tēn sarka / piein to haima	Critical	Seven “I Am” Statements; Substitutionary Death	6	[TM] (flesh/σάρκα, Critical)	Requires careful framing between purely symbolic-memorial and exclusively sacramental readings; Jesus’s own gloss (6:35) identifies eating/drinking with believing.
33	Worship	προσκυνώ	proskyneō	High	God’s Love for the World; Deity of Christ	4, 9	[NEW]	Retains full liturgical life (icon/relic veneration); must not be read as abolishing physical/ritual devotion (4:20-24) nor understated where directed at Jesus himself as an implicit deity-claim (9:38).
34	Savior of the world	Σωτήρας του κόσμου	Sōtēr tou kosmou	Critical	God’s Love for the World	4	[TM] (salvation/σωτηρία root)	Universal scope of salvation, confessed here by non-Jewish believers; compounds with κόσμος (#6) risk.
35	Ruler of this world	ο άρχων του κόσμου τούτου	ho archōn tou kosmou toutou	High	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	12, 14, 16	[NEW]	Shares its root with the Low-risk human-ruler term (Nicodemus, ch.3); must be distinguished as Satan’s cosmic title, overthrown at the cross.
36	Ruler (human)	άρχων	archōn	Low	(narrative/contextual)	3	[NEW]	Elevated/archaic Modern Greek word for a civic ruler; keep distinct from #35’s cosmic-Satanic sense sharing the same root.
37	Rabbi	Ραββί	Rabbi	Low	(narrative/contextual)	1, 3	[NEW]	Stable transliteration, zero drift.
38	Teacher	διδάσκαλος	didaskalos	Low	Fulfillment of Prophecy (Israel’s teacher irony)	3	[NEW]	Stable; slightly more formal register than everyday δάσκαλος.
39	Pharisee	Φαρισαίος	Pharisaios	Low	(narrative/contextual)	1, 3, 9	[NEW]	Stable transliterated proper-group name; minor risk of a pre-loaded “hypocrite” caricature before the narrative earns nuance.
40	Messiah / Christ	Μεσσίας / Χριστός	Messias / Christos	Critical	Messianic Promise	1, 4	[TM]	Baseline preference for Χριστός generally, with Μεσσίας reserved for contexts invoking the Hebrew background explicitly — 1:41’s self-glossing bilingual moment is exactly such a context.
41	Grace and truth	χάρη και αλήθεια	charis kai alētheia	Critical	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	1	[TM] (grace, Critical) + #12	Echoes the LXX’s covenant-character language (Exodus 34:6), embodied fully in the Incarnate Word.
42	Baptize	βαπτίζω	baptizō	Medium	New Birth & Regeneration	1, 3, 4	[NEW]	Vivid live cultural practice (Orthodox infant baptism, naming rite); risk of anachronistically equating John’s repentance-baptism with later Trinitarian sacramental baptism.
43	My hour	η ώρα μου	hē hōra mou	Medium	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	2, 7, 8, 12, 13, 17	[NEW]	Ordinary word for “hour/time”; the technical, singular, appointed sense (the hour of death-and-glorification) must be reinforced by context/convention.
44	Temple (of his body)	ναός	naos	Medium	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	2	[NEW]	Also the ordinary word for a church building; metaphorical application to Christ’s body risks a category mismatch without a clarifying note.
45	Zeal	ζήλος	zēlos	Low	(narrative/contextual)	2	[NEW]	Distinct from TM’s ζηλωτής (zealot/political-party sense); positive consuming devotion here.
46	From above (Christ’s origin)	άνωθεν	anōthen	High	Deity & Pre-existence of Christ	3	[NEW]	Same word links Christ’s own heavenly origin (3:31) to the believer’s heavenly birth (#4); deliberate wordplay worth flagging explicitly in curriculum material.
47	Wrath of God	οργή του Θεού	orgē tou theou	Medium	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	3	[NEW]	Ensure personal, relational (not impersonal-karmic) nature of divine wrath is retained.
48	Living water	ύδωρ ζων	hydōr zōn	Medium	Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	4, 7	[NEW]	Transparent metaphor; reinforce direct connection to ζωή αιώνιος (#5).
49	Harvest	θερισμός	therismos	Low	(missional metaphor)	4	[NEW]	Transparent; conceptually resonant with TM mission (αποστολή).
50	Honor the Son	τιμά τον Υιό	tima ton huion	High	Unity of the Father and the Son	5	[NEW]	Common stable verb; risk is purely doctrinal-contextual — the “just as” must be read as genuine equivalence of honor, not derivative/lesser honor.
51	Resurrection of life / of judgment	ανάσταση ζωής / ανάσταση κρίσεως	anastasis zōēs / anastasis kriseōs	Critical	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief; Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	5	[TM] (resurrection, Critical) + #8	Compounds two inherited Critical/High risks in an eschatological-finality context.
52	Words of eternal life	ρήματα ζωής αιωνίου	rhēmata zōēs aiōniou	Critical	Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	6	[NEW]	Directly ties Christ’s teaching to possession of eternal life (#5).
53	Division	σχίσμα	schisma	Low-Medium	(narrative/contextual)	7	[NEW]	Direct root of later “schism” (formal church division), a technical sense not intended in this narrative usage.
54	Truth sets free	η αλήθεια θα σας ελευθερώσει	hē alētheia eleutherōsei hymas	Critical	New Birth & Regeneration	8	[TM] (freedom, ελευθερία, Critical)	Full national-political-liberation bleaching risk applies (Greek motto “Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος”); John’s freedom is from sin’s bondage, not political liberation.
55	Grain of wheat	ο κόκκος του σίτου	ho kokkos tou sitou	Low	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	12	[NEW]	Transparent agricultural metaphor for death producing life/fruit.
56	New commandment	εντολή καινή	entolē kainē	Medium	Christian life (love command)	13	[NEW]	Shares root with baseline’s καινή κτίσις/δημιουργία (new creation); καινός = “new in kind,” not merely “new in time.”
57	Wash	νίπτω	niptō	Low-Medium	(enacted parable)	13	[NEW]	Literal hygiene verb; metaphorical cleansing sense (13:8) deserves a brief note.
58	Peace I leave with you	ειρήνη αφήνω σε εσάς	eirēnēn aphiēmi hymin	Medium	Holy Spirit as Counselor	14	[TM] (peace, ειρήνη, Medium)	Distinguish from the Hesychast contemplative-stillness sense per the baseline note; here explicitly Christ’s own distinctive peace.
59	Greater love has no one	μεγαλύτερη αγάπη δεν έχει κανείς	meizona tautēs agapēn oudeis echei	Critical	God’s Love for the World; Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	15	[NEW] (compounds #7)	Ideal anchor-verse for teaching ἀγάπη’s self-sacrificial sense against the romantic-affection bleaching risk.
60	I have overcome the world	εγώ έχω νικήσει τον κόσμο	egō nenikēka ton kosmon	Medium	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	16	[NEW] (compounds #6)	Νικώ is heavily sports/competition-inflected in Modern Greek; preserve the perfect-tense (accomplished, abiding) force.
61	Sanctify	αγιάζω	hagiazō	High	Holy Spirit as Counselor	17	[TM] (sanctification, αγιασμός, High)	Applied to both believers and, startlingly, Christ’s own self-consecration for mission; distinct sense from the Epiphany water-blessing rite.
62	My kingdom is not of this world	η βασιλεία η δική μου δεν είναι από τον κόσμο αυτόν	hē basileia hē emē ouk estin ek tou kosmou toutou	High	Judgment & Belief/Unbelief	18	[TM] (kingdom_of_god, Medium) + #6	Guards against both political-messianic misapplication and complete de-politicization/privatization of Christ’s kingship claim.
63	Not one bone broken	ουδέν οστούν αυτού συντριβήσεται	ostoun ou syntribēsetai	Low	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	19	[NEW]	Cross-reference to Lamb of God (#17) typology, not an independent new risk.
64	Blood and water	αίμα και ύδωρ	haima kai hydōr	Medium	Substitutionary Death & Resurrection	19	[NEW]	Primary historical-apologetic point (genuine death) alongside legitimate secondary sacramental-typological resonance; neither should eclipse the other.
65	That you may believe and have life	ίνα πιστεύσητε… και ζωήν έχητε	hina pisteusēte… kai zōēn echēte	Critical	Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	20	[NEW] (compounds #5, #19)	The Gospel’s own explicit purpose statement; unites the two most load-bearing terms of the entire book.
66	Do you love me? (ἀγαπᾷς/φιλεῖς)	αγαπάς με; / με αγαπάς;	agapas me / phileis me	Medium	Christian life (Peter’s restoration)	21	[NEW] (relates to #7)	Preserve both distinct Greek verbs rather than flattening; note φιλέω’s mild “to kiss” drift in casual Modern Greek not present in Koine.
67	Feed my lambs / shepherd my sheep	βόσκε τα αρνία μου / ποίμαινε τα πρόβατά μου	boske ta arnia mou / poimaine ta probata mou	Medium	Christian life; Seven “I Am” Statements (Good Shepherd)	21	[NEW]	Extends Good Shepherd imagery (10:11,14); Peter’s role must read as derivative/delegated, never replacing Christ’s unique shepherding.

Inherited Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (Reference List)

The following baseline translation_memory.json entries recur throughout John and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there; they are not re-tabled above except where compounded with a new John-specific term (see rows 26, 28, 32, 34, 40, 41, 50-51, 54, 58, 61-62, 65):

grace (χάρη, Critical) · faith/believe (πίστη, High) · salvation (σωτηρία, Critical) · holy/saints (άγιος/άγιοι, Critical/High) · sanctification (αγιασμός, High) · resurrection (ανάσταση, Critical) · lord (Κύριος, Critical) · son_of_god (Υιός του Θεού, Critical) · incarnation (ενανθρώπηση, High) · peace (ειρήνη, Medium) · church (εκκλησία, Medium) · kingdom_of_god (βασιλεία του Θεού, Medium) · law (νόμος, High) · sin (αμαρτία, Medium) · glory (δόξα, Medium/High) · messiah (Μεσσίας/Χριστός, Critical) · prophet (προφήτης, Low) · covenant (διαθήκη, High) · election (εκλογή, High) · intercession (μεσιτεία, High) · mission (αποστολή, Medium) · david (Δαβίδ, Low) · israel (Ισραήλ, Low/Medium) · jesus (Ιησούς, Critical) · god (Θεός, Critical) · holy_spirit (Άγιο Πνεύμα, Critical) · father (Πατέρας, Critical) · freedom (ελευθερία, Critical) · flesh (σάρκα, Critical).

Cross-Reference to Doctrine Categories (This Curriculum)

Doctrine	Primary Terms (# in table above)
The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)	1, 2, 3, 15, 21, 26, 27
The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit	4, 18, 42, 46, 54
Eternal Life through Faith in Christ	5, 19, 30, 31, 32, 48, 52, 65
God’s Love for the World	6, 7, 33, 34, 59
Judgment and Belief/Unbelief	8, 9, 10, 11, 35, 47, 51, 60, 62
The Seven “I Am” Statements	3, 15, 21, 23, 31, 33 (implicit), 67
The Holy Spirit as Counselor	12, 23, 24, 28, 58, 61
Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection	16, 17, 25, 29, 32, 43, 44, 51, 55, 63, 64
Unity of the Father and the Son	20, 21, 22, 50

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: χάρη
Transliteration: chári
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: χάρη με την καθημερινή έννοια της γοητείας ή ομορφιάς, χάρη ως νομική/προεδρική χάρη (απονομή χάριτος)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In John, load-bearing at 1:14, 16-17 (‘χάρις καὶ ἀλήθεια’ — grace and truth, echoing Exodus 34:6 LXX) as the Incarnate Word’s covenant-faithfulness gift. Must be anchored to the theological sense against the secular senses of personal charm or legal pardon.

Salvation

Approved rendering: σωτηρία
Transliteration: sotiría
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies John’s ‘save/saved/Savior’ vocabulary (3:17; 4:22, 42; 12:47). Zero translation gap; risk is that Orthodox theosis theology reshapes σωτηρία toward gradual participatory deification rather than John’s emphasis on decisive reconciliation received now as eternal life (see ‘eternal_life’).

Holy

Approved rendering: άγιος
Transliteration: ágios
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied to the Holy Spirit and to believers’ consecration in John’s Farewell Discourse and High Priestly Prayer (14:26; 17:11, 17). Same identity-of-word issue with ‘Saint’ persists; avoid ritual-purity-only connotations.

Lord

Approved rendering: Κύριος
Transliteration: Kýrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Κύριος με την καθημερινή έννοια της ευγενικής προσφώνησης ‘κύριε’ (αντίστοιχο του ‘Mr.’)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John’s climactic occurrence is Thomas’s confession (20:28, ‘Ο Κύριός μου και ο Θεός μου’ — see new compound entry). Must never register with the flatness of the everyday honorific.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: Υιός του Θεού
Transliteration: Yiós tou Theoú
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Υιός του Θεού με τη γενική έννοια που αποδίδεται σε κάθε πιστό
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In John, must be kept categorically distinct from τέκνα Θεού (new entry, believers’ adoptive status, 1:12) and always paired with μονογενής (new entry) at 1:14, 18; 3:16, 18 to signal unique, eternal, non-derivative Sonship.

Messiah

Approved rendering: Μεσσίας
Transliteration: Messías
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / Μεσσίας
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John 1:41 supplies the NT’s own bilingual self-gloss (‘we have found the Messiah [that is, the Christ]’); render as ‘Μεσσίας (δηλαδή Χριστός)’ at that verse specifically, per the baseline’s general preference for Χριστός elsewhere.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Ιησούς
Transliteration: Iisoús
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Standard NT and liturgical form throughout John.

God

Approved rendering: Θεός
Transliteration: Theós
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John 1:1c’s anarthrous ‘καὶ Θεὸς ἦν ὁ Λόγος’ is the doctrinal climax of the Prologue; never soften to ‘a god’ or a weakened divine-quality sense (see the forbidden JW NWT rendering documented in 05_translation_landscape.md).

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Άγιο Πνεύμα
Transliteration: Ágio Pnévma
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In John, active in regeneration (3:5-8), witness (15:26), and commissioning (20:22). The article-less πνεῦμα at 3:5-8 requires context to distinguish the divine Person from the wordplay sense ‘wind/breath’ (3:8); capitalize as Πνεύμα where the Person is intended.

Father

Approved rendering: Πατέρας
Transliteration: Patéras
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John’s Farewell Discourse and High Priestly Prayer intensify Father-Son relational vocabulary beyond any other Gospel (5:17-23; 10:30; 14:6-11; 17:1-26); ensure the personal, relational sense is not flattened into an abstract creator-principle.

Freedom

Approved rendering: ελευθερία
Transliteration: eleutheria
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: ελευθερία αποκλειστικά με την εθνικοπολιτική έννοια της εθνικής ανεξαρτησίας, ελευθερία ως ασυδοσία/άνομη ζωή
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Full force applies at 8:31-36 (‘the truth will set you free,’ see new compound entry ‘truth_sets_free’): freedom from sin’s bondage through the Son, fenced against both the Greek national-liberation reading (motto ‘Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος’) and a libertine misreading.

Flesh

Approved rendering: σάρκα
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Sin
Rejected alternatives: σάρκα αποκλειστικά με τη φιλοσοφική δυϊστική έννοια σώματος εναντίον ψυχής
Original: σάρξ
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used both anthropologically (3:6 — origin/orientation of a merely human life) and Christologically (1:14; 6:51-56 — the Word’s genuine assumption of human nature and, in ch. 6, the sacrificial-appropriation language). Greek philosophical body/soul dualism risks a wrong ontological-hierarchy reading; mandatory explanatory notes required at 3:6 and throughout ch. 6.

Word Logos

Approved rendering: Λόγος
Transliteration: Logos
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: Λόγος αποδοσμένος αποκλειστικά ως ‘λόγια/ομιλία’, χωρίς προσωπική/θεϊκή αναφορά, Λόγος ερμηνευμένος ως απρόσωπη κοσμική αρχή κατά τα πρότυπα του Ηράκλειτου/Στωικισμού
Original: λόγος
Category: Christology

New term. Modern Greek λόγος is among the most common words in the language (speech, word, reason, argument); a Modern Greek reader has direct native access to the pre-Christian philosophical Logos (Heraclitus, the Stoics) as an impersonal cosmic ordering-principle. John’s claim is that this principle is a divine PERSON, eternally pre-existent, distinct from yet fully identified with God (1:1). Mandatory translator note at every occurrence (1:1, 14) anchoring both the philosophical background AND John’s departure from it.

Only Begotten

Approved rendering: μονογενής
Transliteration: monogenēs
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: μονογενής με την αποκλειστικά βιολογική/οικογενειακή έννοια του ‘μοναδικού παιδιού’
Original: μονογενής
Category: Christology

New term. Live, common Modern Greek word for ‘only child’ (‘είναι μονογενής’), a helpful entry point (uniqueness, no rivals) but risks a merely biological-familial reading. Must always be paired with Υιός του Θεού and glossed at first occurrence (1:14, 18; 3:16, 18) to signal Christ’s unique, eternal, non-derivative Sonship, distinct from τέκνα Θεού.

I Am Statements

Approved rendering: Εγώ είμαι
Transliteration: egō eimai
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Rejected alternatives: Καμία εναλλακτική απόδοση δεν υφίσταται λεξιλογικά — βλ. σημειώσεις
Original: ἐγώ εἰμι
Category: Christology

New term; the single most severe risk in this entire Language Package. ‘Εγώ είμαι’ is the ordinary Modern Greek phrase for daily self-identification (answering a phone: ‘Ναι, εγώ είμαι’). NO lexical alternative exists to mark it as elevated. Occurs predicated (6:35; 8:12; 10:7, 11; 11:25; 14:6; 15:1) and absolute/unpredicated (8:58; 13:19; 18:5-8), the latter echoing Exodus 3:14 LXX and God’s self-naming. Theological weight must be carried entirely by capitalization convention, mandatory contextual glossing, and narrative cues (e.g., 18:6). Mandatory human theologian review at every single occurrence, with zero exceptions.

Born Again From Above

Approved rendering: γεννηθεί άνωθεν
Transliteration: gennēthē anōthen
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: γεννηθεί ξανά (αποκλειστικά μόνο η έννοια ‘εκ νέου’, χάνοντας την έννοια ‘από ψηλά’), άνωθεν αποδοσμένο μόνο ως ιεραρχική/γραφειοκρατική εντολή
Original: γεννηθῇ ἄνωθεν
Category: Salvation

New term; core passage (John 3:3, 7). Rare reverse-direction asset: ἄνωθεν preserves both ‘from above’ and ‘again’ simultaneously as in the Koine original, driving Nicodemus’s literalistic misunderstanding (v.4). Risk: modern ἄνωθεν has drifted toward a bureaucratic-hierarchical register (‘άνωθεν εντολή,’ an order from headquarters), suppressing the birth-imagery half. Mandatory translator note reactivating both senses at every occurrence.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: ζωή αιώνιος
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Rejected alternatives: ζωή αιώνιος αποκλειστικά ως μελλοντική/μεταθανάτια κατάσταση
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation

New term; the curriculum’s doctrinal anchor-term (core passage, 3:15-16, 36; also 4:14, 36; 5:24, 39; 6:27, 40, 47, 54, 68; 10:28; 12:25, 50; 17:2-3; 20:31). Liturgically alive in Orthodox funeral/memorial prayers (‘Αιωνία η μνήμη’), a recognition asset, but this familiarity risks narrowing the phrase to a purely future/post-mortem sense. Anchor to 17:3’s self-definition (‘that they know you’) and the present-tense grammar of 3:15-16 (‘ἔχῃ,’ has now) at every occurrence.

Love Agape

Approved rendering: αγάπη / αγαπώ
Transliteration: agapē / agapaō
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Rejected alternatives: αγάπη ερμηνευμένη με την κυρίαρχη σύγχρονη ρομαντική/συζυγική έννοια
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Faith

New term. One of the most significant risks in this Language Package. Modern Greek has collapsed the classical ἀγάπη/ἔρως/φιλία distinctions; ἀγάπη is now the everyday, dominant word for romantic/spousal love (‘σ’ αγαπώ’). Core-passage occurrence (3:16) and its own explicit definition at 15:13 (‘greater love has no one’) and 13:1, 34-35; 17:23-26 must always be anchored to God’s costly, self-giving, merit-independent initiative, never sentimental affection.

Son Of Man

Approved rendering: ο Υιός του ανθρώπου
Transliteration: ho huios tou anthrōpou
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: Υιός του ανθρώπου αποδοσμένο ως απλή έμφαση στην ανθρώπινη φύση/ταπείνωση του Ιησού
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology

New term; core passage (3:13-14) and 5:27; 6:27, 53, 62; 9:35; 12:23, 34; 13:31. An exalted apocalyptic-messianic title from Daniel 7:13-14, combining true humanity, heavenly origin, and coming exaltation — NOT a claim to mere ordinary humanity. Must always carry a note anchoring the title to Daniel 7, never a generic ‘human being’ gloss.

I And Father Are One

Approved rendering: εγώ και ο Πατέρας είμαστε ένα
Transliteration: egō kai ho patēr hen esmen
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που θα υπονοούσε ταύτιση προσώπου (μοναρχιανισμός/σαβελλιανισμός)
Original: ἐγὼ καὶ ὁ πατὴρ ἕν ἐσμεν
Category: Christology

New term (10:30). The single most concentrated statement of the doctrine; the grammatically neuter ἕν (‘one thing/reality,’ not masculine ‘one person’) is preserved directly and unchanged in Modern Greek — a genuine asset. The risk is purely doctrinal: must never collapse into a modalist ‘same person’ misreading; mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence.

That They May Be One

Approved rendering: ίνα εν ώσιν
Transliteration: hina hen ōsin
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που θα εξίσωνε την ενότητα των πιστών με την οντολογική ενότητα Πατέρα-Υιού
Original: ἵνα ἓν ὦσιν
Category: Christology

New term (17:11, 21-23). Shares the same grammatical asset as 10:30 (neuter ἕν). Must be explicitly distinguished from ‘i_and_father_are_one’: believers’ unity is analogical (patterned on) not identical in kind to the Father-Son ontological unity. Mandatory human theologian review.

Paraclete Counselor

Approved rendering: Παράκλητος
Transliteration: paraklētos
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Rejected alternatives: Παράκλητος αποδοσμένος αποκλειστικά ως ‘παρηγορητής/αυτός που παρηγορεί’
Original: παράκλητος
Category: God

New term (14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7). Comparatively rare in ordinary Modern Greek outside religious contexts (low secular-bleaching exposure) but its live cognate παρακαλώ/παράκληση risks flattening the full advocate/legal-helper/teacher role to ‘comforter who consoles’ alone. Mandatory gloss at first occurrence covering the full semantic range. Avoid trinitarian phrasing elsewhere presuming the Filioque as settled, since John itself does not address procession directly.

Spirit Of Truth

Approved rendering: Πνεύμα της αληθείας
Transliteration: pneuma tēs alētheias
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: τὸ πνεῦμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: God

New term (14:17; 15:26; 16:13). Compounds the Critical Holy Spirit entry with ‘truth’; identifies the Paraclete explicitly as the already-established divine Person, contrasted with the world’s falsehood.

It Is Finished

Approved rendering: Τετέλεσται
Transliteration: tetelestai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που θα υπονοούσε συνεχιζόμενο, ημιτελές ή επαναλαμβανόμενο εξιλαστήριο έργο
Original: τετέλεσται
Category: Christology

New term (19:30). Perfect-passive form retained verbatim — proclaimed largely unchanged in Greek Orthodox Holy Friday services, giving essentially zero secular-bleaching risk. The doctrinal risk is purely theological: the completed-and-abidingly-effective force must be preserved against any reading implying incomplete or repeatable atonement. Mandatory human theologian review.

My Lord And My God

Approved rendering: Ο Κύριός μου και ο Θεός μου
Transliteration: ho kyrios mou kai ho theos mou
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση ως απλό έκπληκτο επιφώνημα, χωρίς προσφώνηση προς τον Ιησού ως Θεό
Original: ὁ κύριός μου καὶ ὁ θεός μου
Category: Christology

New compound term, built on the inherited Κύριος and Θεός entries (20:28). Thomas’s climactic confession, combining both divine titles applied directly and personally to the risen Jesus. The Κύριος-as-‘Mister/Sir’ flattening risk applies with full force here; never permissible to read as a mere interjection. Mandatory human theologian review.

Equal With God

Approved rendering: ίσος με τον Θεό
Transliteration: isos tō theō
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Rejected alternatives: ‘θεϊκός’ ή ‘όμοιος με τον Θεό’ αντί για πλήρη ισότητα
Original: ἴσος τῷ θεῷ
Category: Christology

New term (5:18). The Jewish leaders’ hostile but theologically accurate assessment of Jesus’s claim, which the narrative confirms rather than corrects (5:19-30). No secular-bleaching risk; must never be softened to ‘God-like’ or ‘similar to God.‘

Receive Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Λάβετε Πνεύμα Άγιο
Transliteration: labete pneuma hagion
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: λάβετε πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

New compound term, built on the inherited Άγιο Πνεύμα entry (20:22). John’s own ‘mini-Pentecost,’ echoing Genesis 2:7’s creation-breath and Ezekiel 37’s resurrection-breath. Requires a brief harmonization note relating this Johannine account to Acts 2 without presenting the two as contradictory.

Eat Flesh Drink Blood

Approved rendering: φαγείν την σάρκα / πιείν το αίμα
Transliteration: phagein tēn sarka / piein to haima
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση αμιγώς συμβολικού-αναμνηστικού χαρακτήρα, χωρίς ευχαριστιακή απήχηση, απόδοση αποκλειστικά και μόνο ως ευχαριστιακή διδασκαλία, παραβλέποντας την ίδια την επεξήγηση του Ιησού (6:35)
Original: φαγεῖν τὴν σάρκα … πιεῖν τὸ αἷμα
Category: Salvation

New term (6:53-58), built on the inherited σάρκα entry. Full, personal appropriation of Christ’s sacrificial death as the sole source of eternal life, glossed by Jesus himself as equivalent to believing (6:35). Flag for human theologian review to avoid both a merely symbolic-memorial reading and one collapsing the passage entirely into exclusively Eucharistic instruction.

Savior Of The World

Approved rendering: Σωτήρας του κόσμου
Transliteration: sōtēr tou kosmou
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Original: ὁ σωτὴρ τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Salvation

New compound term, built on the inherited σωτηρία root (4:42). The Samaritans’ confession, extending the universal salvation of 3:16-17 to non-Jewish believers. Compounds with the High-risk κόσμος entry.

Grace And Truth

Approved rendering: χάρη και αλήθεια
Transliteration: charis kai alētheia
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)
Original: χάρις καὶ ἀλήθεια
Category: Salvation

New compound term, built on the inherited χάρη entry plus ‘truth’ (1:14, 17). Echoes the LXX’s description of God’s covenant character (Exodus 34:6); the Incarnate Word perfectly embodies and personally dispenses it.

Resurrection Of Life And Judgment

Approved rendering: ανάσταση ζωής / ανάσταση κρίσεως
Transliteration: anastasis zōēs / anastasis kriseōs
Doctrine: Final Bodily Resurrection and Judgment
Original: ἀνάστασις ζωῆς / ἀνάστασις κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology

New compound term, built on the inherited ανάσταση entry plus ‘judge_judgment’ (5:28-29). Compounds two already-elevated risks in an eschatological-finality context, where the κρίση-as-‘crisis’ misreading would be especially damaging.

Words Of Eternal Life

Approved rendering: ρήματα ζωής αιωνίου
Transliteration: rhēmata zōēs aiōniou
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: ῥήματα ζωῆς αἰωνίου
Category: Salvation

New compound term, built on ‘eternal_life’ (6:68, Peter’s confession). Directly ties Christ’s teaching to the possession of eternal life.

Truth Sets Free

Approved rendering: η αλήθεια θα σας ελευθερώσει
Transliteration: hē alētheia eleutherōsei hymas
Doctrine: Freedom from Sin through the Son
Rejected alternatives: ελευθερία αποκλειστικά ερμηνευμένη ως εθνική/πολιτική απελευθέρωση
Original: ἡ ἀλήθεια ἐλευθερώσει ὑμᾶς
Category: Salvation

New compound term, built on the inherited Critical ελευθερία entry (8:32, 34, 36). Freedom specifically from slavery to sin, achieved through the Son; the Greek national-liberation reading (motto ‘Ελευθερία ή Θάνατος’) must be actively fenced against.

Greater Love

Approved rendering: μεγαλύτερη αγάπη δεν έχει κανείς
Transliteration: meizona tautēs agapēn oudeis echei
Doctrine: The New Commandment: Love One Another
Original: μείζονα ταύτης ἀγάπην οὐδεὶς ἔχει
Category: Faith

New term, compounding ‘love_agape’ (15:13). The Gospel’s own explicit definition of the highest kind of love — laying down one’s life for one’s friends — the ideal anchor-verse for teaching ἀγάπη’s self-sacrificial sense against the romantic-affection misreading.

Purpose Believe Have Life

Approved rendering: ίνα πιστεύσητε… και ζωήν έχητε
Transliteration: hina pisteusēte… kai zōēn echēte
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: ἵνα πιστεύσητε … καὶ … ζωὴν ἔχητε
Category: Salvation

New term, compounding ‘believe’ and ‘eternal_life’ (20:31). The Gospel’s own explicit statement of purpose, uniting the two most load-bearing terms of the entire book; anchor every curriculum unit discussing 3:15-16 back to this verse.

Good Shepherd

Approved rendering: ο καλός ποιμήν
Transliteration: ho poimēn ho kalos
Doctrine: The Good Shepherd and Christ’s Sacrificial Care
Original: ὁ ποιμὴν ὁ καλός
Category: Christology

New term (10:11, 14). Directly connects the ‘I am’ pattern to the Substitutionary Death doctrine (‘lays down his life,’ 10:11, 15, 17-18). Peter’s later commission (21:15-17, see ‘feed_my_lambs’) must read as derivative/delegated shepherding, never replacing this unique role.

Way Truth Life

Approved rendering: η οδός, η αλήθεια και η ζωή
Transliteration: hē hodos kai hē alētheia kai hē zōē
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που θα μαλάκωνε ή θα εξαιρούσε τη ρήτρα αποκλειστικότητας (‘κανείς δεν έρχεται στον Πατέρα παρά μόνο μέσω εμένα’)
Original: ἡ ὁδὸς καὶ ἡ ἀλήθεια καὶ ἡ ζωή
Category: Christology

New term (14:6). The most comprehensive of the seven ‘I am’ statements, combining exclusive access to the Father with the truth and eternal-life vocabulary of the rest of the Gospel; the exclusivity clause must never be softened.

Resurrection And Life I Am

Approved rendering: η ανάσταση και η ζωή
Transliteration: hē anastasis kai hē zōē
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις καὶ ἡ ζωή
Category: Christology

New term (11:25). Combines the Resurrection doctrine with the eternal-life vocabulary; spoken immediately before raising Lazarus and anticipating Christ’s own resurrection. Arguably the doctrinal center of the whole Gospel.

Light Of The World

Approved rendering: το φως του κόσμου
Transliteration: to phōs tou kosmou
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Original: τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Christology

New term (8:12; 9:5). Compounds the Critical Ἐγώ εἰμι formula with ‘light’; Greek Orthodox native φῶς theology (Transfiguration, hesychasm) risks displacing the verse’s primary revelatory-ethical sense with the later mystical-experiential category.

High Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: πίστη
Transliteration: písti
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: πίστη με τη γενική έννοια της αφοσίωσης σε οποιαδήποτε ιδέα ή πρόσωπο

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The noun πίστη underlies John’s dominant verb πιστεύω (see new entry ‘believe’); personal trust in Christ specifically, not generalized belief.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: αγιασμός
Transliteration: agiasmós
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Verb form αγιάζω (see new entry ‘sanctify’) is applied both to believers and, startlingly, to Christ’s own self-consecration for mission (17:17, 19). Distinguish from the Epiphany water-blessing rite association.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: ανάσταση
Transliteration: anástasi
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged (baseline TM risk tier retained as recorded there). Note this curriculum’s own bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json independently elevate John’s resurrection doctrine to Critical given the concentration of Christ’s own bodily resurrection narrative (ch. 20) and the ‘I am the resurrection and the life’ predication (11:25); apply Critical-level review routing in practice for John-specific occurrences even though the inherited TM field is preserved verbatim per the Hard Rules.

Incarnation

Approved rendering: ενανθρώπηση
Transliteration: enanthrópisi
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John 1:14 (‘ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο’) is the single foundational verse for this doctrine across the entire NT. Ensure John’s own emphasis — the Word’s glory made visible, grace and truth embodied — is not lost beneath the theosis framing a Greek reader accesses directly in the original patristic language.

Law

Approved rendering: νόμος
Transliteration: nómos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Repeatedly cited in Jesus’s self-defense arguments and by his opponents (1:17, 45; 5:45-47; 7:19-23, 49; 8:5, 17; 19:7). Keep the specific Mosaic-Law referent distinct from the ordinary Modern Greek sense of civil law.

Covenant

Approved rendering: διαθήκη
Transliteration: diathíki
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: διαθήκη με τη σύγχρονη κυρίαρχη έννοια της κληρονομικής διαθήκης (legal will)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. The word itself does not recur as frequently in John as in Romans/Galatians, but the relational covenant bond underlies John’s Davidic, temple, lamb, shepherd, and vine typology; needs active reinforcement wherever covenant background is invoked.

Election

Approved rendering: εκλογή
Transliteration: eklogí
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: εκλογή με τη σύγχρονη κυρίαρχη πολιτική έννοια (πολιτικές εκλογές, ψηφοφορία)
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Conceptually underlies John’s ‘draw’ (see new entry ‘draw’) and ‘chosen’ vocabulary (6:44, 65; 15:16, 19). Must be distinguished from the ballot-box connotation.

World

Approved rendering: κόσμος
Transliteration: kosmos
Doctrine: God’s Love for the World
Rejected alternatives: κόσμος αποκλειστικά με την καθημερινή, ηθικά ουδέτερη έννοια του ‘πλήθους κόσμου’
Original: κόσμος
Category: Salvation

New term. Ranges from the physical universe, to humanity generally, to John’s distinctive sense — humanity organized in active rebellion against God (1:9-10, 29; 12:31; 15:18-19; 17:14-16). The SAME word carries opposite valuations three verses apart in the core passage (3:16 love-object vs. 3:19 hostile-system). Extremely common secular word (also ‘a crowd,’ ‘είχε πολύ κόσμο’), risking a flattened, morally neutral reading. Mandatory disambiguating note at both first occurrences.

Judge Judgment

Approved rendering: κρίνω / κρίση
Transliteration: krinō / krisis
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: κρίση αποδοσμένη κυρίως ως οικονομική/πολιτική κρίση
Original: κρίνω / κρίσις
Category: Judgment

New term; core passage (3:17-19, 36; also 5:22-30; 9:39; 12:31, 47-48). Modern Greek κρίση is dominated by the ‘[economic/political] crisis’ sense (η οικονομική κρίση), the defining vocabulary of post-2010 Greek public consciousness. Prefer verbal κρίνω over the noun κρίση wherever syntax allows; mandatory gloss on every unavoidable noun occurrence, especially 3:19 and 5:29 (compounded with resurrection, see ‘resurrection_of_life_and_judgment’).

Convict Expose

Approved rendering: ελέγχω
Transliteration: elenchō
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: ελέγχω αποδοσμένο ως ‘επιθεωρώ/ελέγχω διοικητικά’ (π.χ. σχολικός έλεγχος επιδόσεων)
Original: ἐλέγχω
Category: Judgment

New term; core passage (3:20) and the Paraclete’s forensic ministry (16:8). Modern Greek ἔλεγχος has drifted toward the bureaucratic-administrative sense of ‘inspection/audit/school report card’ — a bleaching risk directly parallel to κλήση in the baseline. Must actively reactivate the ‘expose/bring guilt to light’ sense against the default ‘inspect/audit’ reading, with obligatory gloss at both occurrences.

Light

Approved rendering: φως
Transliteration: phōs
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Rejected alternatives: φως ερμηνευμένο αποκλειστικά μέσα από το ησυχαστικό πλαίσιο του ‘άκτιστου φωτός’
Original: φῶς
Category: Judgment

New term; core passage (3:19-21) and the second ‘I am’ predication (8:12; 9:5, see ‘light_of_the_world’). Greek Orthodox theology has an unusually rich native φῶς theology (Transfiguration’s uncreated light, hesychasm, Gregory Palamas, ‘Φῶς ἱλαρόν’). This devotional asset risks displacing John’s primarily revelatory-ethical sense (exposing deeds, provoking decision) with the later mystical-experiential category — a legitimate but distinct register.

Testimony Witness

Approved rendering: μαρτυρώ / μαρτυρία
Transliteration: martyreō / martyria
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ
Rejected alternatives: μαρτυρία ερμηνευμένη κατά κύριο λόγο μέσα από το μεταγενέστερο μαρτυρολογικό πλαίσιο (μαρτύριο)
Original: μαρτυρέω / μαρτυρία
Category: Church

New term; structures John the Baptist’s testimony (1:7-8, 15, 19-34), the core passage (3:11), and the fourfold testimony of chapter 5 (5:31-39), plus 8:13-18; 15:26-27; 21:24. Modern Greek μαρτυρία is the standard legal-courtroom word — an asset matching John’s forensic usage. Risk: the cognate μάρτυς/μάρτυρας later came to mean specifically ‘martyr’ (μαρτύριο), a sense fully live in Modern Greek religious vocabulary; unglossed, this imports suffering-unto-death connotations absent from John’s forensic usage.

Sign

Approved rendering: σημείο
Transliteration: sēmeion
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ
Rejected alternatives: σημείο αποδοσμένο χωρίς επεξηγηματική σημείωση, αφημένο στη σύγχρονη καθημερινή έννοια (πινακίδα, σημείο στίξης, μαθηματικό σημείο)
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Church

New term; core passage (3:2) and the sign-narrative structure of chs. 2-12, culminating at 20:30-31. Extremely common secular word (road sign, mathematical point, punctuation mark); must retain the technical Johannine sense of a revelatory, faith-provoking miraculous act, glossed at first occurrence (2:11).

Lifted Up

Approved rendering: υψωθεί
Transliteration: hypsōthēnai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: υψωθεί ερμηνευμένο μόνο ως κυριολεκτική ανάρτηση, χωρίς το στοιχείο της δόξας
Original: ὑψωθῆναι
Category: Christology

New term; core passage (3:14, the bronze-serpent typology of Numbers 21) and 8:28; 12:32-34. John’s characteristic double meaning — physically lifted up on the cross AND simultaneously exalted/glorified. Modern Greek υψώνω/ύψωση is stable and not secularly bleached, but the deliberate double sense must be actively preserved through translator notes at each occurrence.

Lamb Of God

Approved rendering: Αμνός του Θεού
Transliteration: amnos tou theou
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: Αμνός αποδοσμένο κατ’ αναφορά μόνο στο εορταστικό πασχαλινό τραπέζι (αρνί)
Original: ὁ ἀμνὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

New term (1:29, 36; typology fulfilled at 19:36). Elevated/liturgical register word (ordinary lamb is αρνί, the centerpiece of the Greek Easter meal). This festive-culinary asset risks crowding out the Passover/Isaiah 53 substitutionary-sacrifice sense; anchor explicitly to Exodus 12 and Isaiah 53, not merely to paschal festivity.

Believe

Approved rendering: πιστεύω
Transliteration: pisteuō
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Rejected alternatives: πιστεύω αποδοσμένο ως αμιγής νοητική συγκατάθεση σε πρόταση, χωρίς προσωπική εμπιστοσύνη
Original: πιστεύω
Category: Salvation

New term; verb form of the inherited baseline noun πίστη. John’s single most frequent verb (98 occurrences) and the Gospel’s stated purpose (20:31). The εἰς-construction (‘believe into him’) signals personal entrusting reliance, not mere propositional assent; render as ‘πιστεύω σε/εις αυτόν’ where possible.

Forgive Sins

Approved rendering: αφήνω τις αμαρτίες
Transliteration: aphiēmi tas hamartias
Doctrine: Forgiveness of Sins and the Church’s Commission
Original: ἄν τινων ἀφῆτε τὰς ἁμαρτίας, ἀφέωνται αὐτοῖς
Category: Church

New term, built on the inherited αμαρτία root (20:23). Orthodox sacramental confession theology (Μυστήριο της Εξομολογήσεως) gives this verse a specific institutional-priestly application. Present the verse’s own Johannine sense — the church’s Spirit-empowered proclamation of the forgiveness available in Christ — without affirming or polemicizing against that later development. Flag for human theologian review.

Draw

Approved rendering: ελκύω
Transliteration: helkyō
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: ἑλκύω
Category: Salvation

New term (6:44; 12:32). Stable verb; parallels the inherited εκλογή (election) doctrine — God’s sovereign initiative in bringing a person to faith. Flag for doctrinal consistency with the existing election treatment.

Bread Of Life

Approved rendering: άρτος της ζωής
Transliteration: artos tēs zōēs
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Rejected alternatives: άρτος αποδοσμένος με το καθημερινό ‘ψωμί’, χάνοντας το λειτουργικό ύφος
Original: ὁ ἄρτος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology

New term; first of the seven ‘I am’ predications (6:35, 48, 51). Ἄρτος survives specifically in liturgical/Eucharistic register (ordinary bread is ψωμί; consecrated Communion bread is ὁ Άγιος Άρτος). This elevated register is an asset but risks narrowing the phrase exclusively to Eucharistic reference at the expense of the broader self-identification claim, though ch. 6 does carry intentional Eucharistic resonance (6:53-58) not to be artificially severed.

Worship

Approved rendering: προσκυνώ
Transliteration: proskyneō
Doctrine: Worship in Spirit and Truth
Rejected alternatives: προσκυνώ ερμηνευμένο ως πλήρης κατάργηση της φυσικής/τελετουργικής λατρείας
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: God

New term (4:20-24; 9:38). Modern Greek προσκυνώ retains full liturgical life as the standard verb for venerating icons, relics, and holy sites (e.g., pilgrimage to Tinos). 4:20-24 must not be read as abolishing physical/ritual veneration but as relocating worship’s ground/location; worship directed AT Jesus (9:38) is an implicit deity-claim that must not be understated. Flag for human theologian review.

Ruler Of This World

Approved rendering: ο άρχων του κόσμου τούτου
Transliteration: ho archōn tou kosmou toutou
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: ὁ ἄρχων τοῦ κόσμου τούτου
Category: Judgment

New term (12:31; 14:30; 16:11). Satan’s title as the usurping authority over the fallen world-system, judged and cast out through the cross. Shares its root with the Low-risk human-ruler term (3:1, Nicodemus); requires an explicit note distinguishing the two referents wherever both appear.

Honor The Son

Approved rendering: τιμά τον Υιό
Transliteration: tima ton huion
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son

New term (5:23, ‘that all may honor the Son just as they honor the Father’). Common, stable Modern Greek verb; the risk is purely doctrinal-contextual — the ‘just as’ must be read as genuine equivalence of honor, not derivative/lesser honor.

Sanctify

Approved rendering: αγιάζω
Transliteration: hagiazō
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Original: ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification

New term, verb form of the inherited αγιασμός entry (17:17, 19). Applied both to believers (set apart by truth) and, startlingly, to Christ’s own self-consecration for his sacrificial mission; distinguish from the Epiphany water-blessing rite association.

Kingdom Not Of This World

Approved rendering: η βασιλεία η δική μου δεν είναι από τον κόσμο αυτόν
Transliteration: hē basileia hē emē ouk estin ek tou kosmou toutou
Doctrine: Kingdom of God in John’s Gospel
Original: ἡ βασιλεία ἡ ἐμὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐκ τοῦ κόσμου τούτου
Category: Kingdom

New compound term, built on the inherited βασιλεία του Θεού entry and the ‘world’ entry (18:36). Guards against both political-messianic misapplication and complete de-politicization/privatization of Christ’s kingship claim before Pilate.

True Vine

Approved rendering: η άμπελος η αληθινή
Transliteration: hē ampelos hē alēthinē
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Original: ἡ ἄμπελος ἡ ἀληθινή
Category: Christology

New term (15:1, 5). The final classic ‘I am’ statement, emphasizing organic, life-giving union between Christ and believers; the doctrinal risk is ensuring the dependence-clause (‘apart from me you can do nothing’) is not softened into general encouragement toward moral effort.

Pascha Passover

Approved rendering: το Πάσχα
Transliteration: to pascha
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection

New term; the Passover typology structuring John’s passion narrative (from the Lamb of God announcement, 1:29, to the timing of Jesus’s death at Passover and the unbroken-bone citation, 19:14, 36). Πάσχα is the same word used for the Christian Easter feast in Modern Greek, a unique double association (Jewish Passover / Christian Pascha) that is a genuine asset for a Greek reader tracing John’s typological argument, provided the historical Passover referent is not collapsed prematurely into the later Christian feast without the connecting logic made explicit.

From Above Christs Origin

Approved rendering: άνωθεν
Transliteration: anōthen
Doctrine: The Deity and Pre-existence of Christ (the Word)

New term (3:31, John the Baptist’s testimony: ‘he who comes from above is above all’). The SAME word links Christ’s own heavenly origin here to the believer’s heavenly birth in ‘born_again_from_above’ (3:3, 7) — a deliberate Johannine wordplay linking regeneration to Christ’s own nature, worth flagging explicitly in curriculum material.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: ειρήνη
Transliteration: eiríni
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ειρήνη με την ησυχαστική έννοια της εσωτερικής ή νοερής ησυχίας (μυστικιστική παράδοση)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In John, Christ’s own distinctive peace (14:27; 16:33; 20:19-21, 26), distinct from what the world gives. Distinguish from the Hesychast contemplative-stillness sense of ἡσυχία.

Church

Approved rendering: εκκλησία
Transliteration: ekklisía
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: Εκκλησία αποκλειστικά ως ο θεσμός/η ιεραρχική Ορθόδοξη Εκκλησία, ή αποκλειστικά το κτίριο
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John does not use the word ἐκκλησία directly but the flock/vine/branches imagery (10:16; 17:20-23) implies the same gathered-community reality; keep distinct from the institutional and building senses.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: βασιλεία του Θεού
Transliteration: vasileía tou Theoú
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John uses this exact phrase explicitly only twice (3:3, 3:5, within the core passage); John’s characteristic soteriological term elsewhere is ‘eternal life’ (see new entry). See also new compound entry ‘kingdom_not_of_this_world’ (18:36).

Sin

Approved rendering: αμαρτία
Transliteration: amartía
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: αμαρτία με την καθημερινή, εξασθενημένη έννοια του ‘κρίμα’ (π.χ. ‘τι αμαρτία να πεταχτεί το φαγητό’)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. John sharpens the doctrine by identifying unbelief in Christ as sin’s defining expression (16:9; cf. 1:29; 8:21, 34, 46; 9:41; 15:22-24; 20:23).

Glory

Approved rendering: δόξα
Transliteration: dóxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: δόξα με τη σύγχρονη έννοια της φήμης ή επιτυχίας (π.χ. αθλητική δόξα)
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In John, disclosed through Christ’s signs and supremely through the cross (1:14; 2:11; 11:4, 40; 12:23, 41; 17:1-5, 22-24) — the paradoxical cross-as-glorification pairing interlocks with the new entry ‘lifted_up’ and must not be flattened into the secular worldly-fame sense.

Mission

Approved rendering: αποστολή
Transliteration: apostolí
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Same root as ἀποστέλλω, the Father’s sending of the Son — one of John’s central Christological-missional categories (over 40 occurrences), grounding both the Son’s obedient dependence and the church’s own sending (17:18; 20:21).

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ευχαριστία
Transliteration: efcharistía
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Rejected alternatives: Θεία Ευχαριστία αποκλειστικά (η Ευχαριστία ως Μυστήριο)

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant at the feeding of the 5,000 (6:11, 23, ‘εὐχαριστήσας,’ having given thanks) — a scene that itself carries Eucharistic resonance developed further later in ch. 6; do not collapse the general thanksgiving sense into the sacramental one at this narrative point.

Darkness

Approved rendering: σκότος
Transliteration: skotos
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: σκότος
Category: Judgment

New term; core passage (3:19). Stable and well understood; ensure the active, chosen sense (‘men loved darkness’) is retained rather than read as a passive, merely descriptive condition.

Truth

Approved rendering: αλήθεια
Transliteration: alētheia
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor
Rejected alternatives: αλήθεια αποκλειστικά με την έννοια της τυπικής/πραγματολογικής ορθότητας

New term; core passage (3:21, ‘doing the truth,’ a Hebraic idiom) and throughout (4:23-24; 8:32; 14:6, 17; 15:26; 16:13). Common, stable Modern Greek word for factual truth; risks flattening John’s richer, personal-relational-ontological sense (truth as a quality of Christ himself, 14:6) into mere factual accuracy.

Children Of God

Approved rendering: τέκνα Θεού
Transliteration: tekna theou
Doctrine: Sonship of Believers versus the Unique Sonship of Christ
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Church

New term (1:12-13; 11:52). The believer’s derivative, granted status through new birth, distinct from Christ’s eternal, unique Sonship. Must be actively distinguished at every occurrence from μονογενής Υιός and Υιός του Θεού — a doctrinally load-bearing distinction, canonically first established here.

Abide Remain

Approved rendering: μένω
Transliteration: menō
Doctrine: Unity of the Father and the Son
Original: μένω
Category: Faith

New term; the central metaphor of ch. 15 (True Vine discourse, over ten occurrences) for ongoing, vital, mutual union between Christ and the believer. Extremely common secular word (‘μένω στην Αθήνα,’ I live in Athens); the theological sense must be reinforced by context at every occurrence, since the everyday word carries no special religious weight on its own.

Baptize

Approved rendering: βαπτίζω
Transliteration: baptizō
Doctrine: The New Birth and Regeneration by the Spirit
Original: βαπτίζω
Category: Church

New term (1:25-33; 3:22-26; 4:1-2). Fully live cultural practice (Orthodox infant baptism, a major family/social event; colloquially ‘βαπτίζω’ also simply means ‘to name’ a child). Risk of anachronistically equating John the Baptist’s repentance-baptism with later Trinitarian sacramental baptism; distinguish the historical stages explicitly.

My Hour

Approved rendering: η ώρα μου
Transliteration: hē hōra mou
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ἡ ὥρα μου
Category: Christology

New term (2:4; 7:30; 8:20; 12:23, 27; 13:1; 17:1). Entirely ordinary word for ‘hour/time’; the technical, singular, appointed sense (the hour of death-and-glorification) must be reinforced by context and a consistent capitalization convention at each occurrence.

Temple Of His Body

Approved rendering: ναός
Transliteration: naos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ὁ ναὸς τοῦ σώματος αὐτοῦ
Category: Covenant

New term (2:14-21). Stable in Modern Greek but also the ordinary word for a church building, risking a category mismatch for the metaphorical ‘temple of his body’ sense; a note is warranted at 2:21.

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: οργή του Θεού
Transliteration: orgē tou theou
Doctrine: Judgment and Belief/Unbelief
Original: ἡ ὀργὴ τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Judgment

New term (3:36, core passage). The negative flip-side of eternal life; stable term. Ensure the personal, relational nature of divine wrath toward unbelief is retained, not read as impersonal, karma-like consequence.

Living Water

Approved rendering: ύδωρ ζων
Transliteration: hydōr zōn
Doctrine: Eternal Life through Faith in Christ
Original: ὕδωρ ζῶν
Category: Salvation

New term (4:10-14; 7:37-39, explicitly glossed by the narrator as the Spirit). Transparent metaphor; reinforce the direct connection to ζωή αιώνιος at each occurrence.

New Commandment

Approved rendering: εντολή καινή
Transliteration: entolē kainē
Doctrine: The New Commandment: Love One Another
Original: ἐντολὴ καινή
Category: Church

New term (13:34-35). Shares its root with the baseline Galatians package’s καινή κτίσις/δημιουργία (new creation) vocabulary — καινός consistently means ‘new in kind/quality,’ not merely ‘new in time.‘

Peace I Leave With You

Approved rendering: ειρήνη αφήνω σε εσάς
Transliteration: eirēnēn aphiēmi hymin
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit as Counselor

New compound term, built on the inherited ειρήνη entry (14:27). Explicitly Christ’s own peace, distinct from what the world gives; distinguish from the Hesychast contemplative-stillness sense of ἡσυχία.

Overcome The World

Approved rendering: εγώ έχω νικήσει τον κόσμο
Transliteration: egō nenikēka ton kosmon
Doctrine: The World’s Hostility and Christ’s Peace
Original: ἐγὼ νενίκηκα τὸν κόσμον
Category: Judgment

New term, compounding ‘world’ (16:33). Νικῶ is heavily sports/competition-inflected in Modern Greek (‘νίκησε στο ματς’); ensure the cosmic-spiritual victory sense is not flattened into a merely competitive register, and preserve the perfect-tense (accomplished, abiding) force.

Blood And Water

Approved rendering: αίμα και ύδωρ
Transliteration: haima kai hydōr
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: αἷμα καὶ ὕδωρ
Category: Covenant

New term (19:34-35). Physical confirmation of Christ’s genuine death (against later docetic denials); present both the primary historical-apologetic point and the legitimate secondary sacramental-typological resonance without collapsing one into the other.

Do You Love Me

Approved rendering: αγαπάς με; / με αγαπάς; φιλείς με;
Transliteration: agapas me; / phileis me;
Doctrine: The New Commandment: Love One Another
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που θα ισοπέδωνε τα δύο διαφορετικά ρήματα σε ένα μοναδικό ελληνικό ρήμα
Original: ἀγαπᾷς με; / φιλεῖς με;
Category: Faith

New term (21:15-17), Peter’s threefold restoration dialogue, alternating ἀγαπάω and φιλέω. Both verbs remain alive and distinguishable in Modern Greek; φιλῶ has narrowed somewhat toward ‘to kiss’ in colloquial usage (‘σε φιλώ’), a minor additional bleaching risk not present in Koine. Preserve the two distinct verbs; note both the scholarly ambiguity about the distinction’s significance and φιλέω’s mild drift.

Feed My Lambs

Approved rendering: βόσκε τα αρνία μου / ποίμαινε τα πρόβατά μου
Transliteration: boske ta arnia mou / poimaine ta probata mou
Doctrine: The Good Shepherd and Christ’s Sacrificial Care
Original: βόσκε τὰ ἀρνία μου / ποίμαινε τὰ πρόβατά μου
Category: Church

New term (21:15-17). Extends the Good Shepherd imagery of ch. 10 to Peter’s own delegated pastoral ministry; Peter’s role must read as derivative/delegated, never replacing Christ’s own unique shepherding role.

Door Of The Sheep

Approved rendering: η θύρα
Transliteration: hē thyra
Doctrine: The Seven “I Am” Statements
Original: ἡ θύρα
Category: Christology

New term (10:7, 9). Θύρα is a stable, ordinary Modern Greek word for ‘door’; the risk is purely conceptual (missing the exclusivity claim), not lexical drift. Reinforce with the surrounding exclusivity language (‘all who came before me are thieves and robbers’).

Low Risk Terms

Prophet

Approved rendering: προφήτης
Transliteration: profítis
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Applied speculatively to Jesus by crowds and confessed of him by the Samaritan woman (1:21, 25; 4:19; 6:14; 7:40; 9:17).

Prophecy

Approved rendering: προφητεία
Transliteration: profiteía
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Relevant to John’s Isaiah citations (12:37-41); a Greek reader can access the LXX wording of Isaiah 6:10/53:1 directly alongside John’s own citation, a genuine advantage.

David

Approved rendering: Δαβίδ
Transliteration: Davíd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Invoked in the crowd’s messianic speculation (7:42).

Israel

Approved rendering: Ισραήλ
Transliteration: Israíl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Note the irony of 3:10 (‘the teacher of Israel’ not understanding Israel’s own Scriptures) and Nathanael’s confession (1:49, ‘King of Israel’).

Human Ruler Archon

Approved rendering: άρχων
Transliteration: archōn
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ
Original: ἄρχων
Category: Church

New term (3:1). Nicodemus’s designation — a member of the Sanhedrin. Άρχων survives as an elevated/archaic Modern Greek word for ‘ruler, lord.’ Keep distinct from the same root’s later cosmic-Satanic title (‘ruler_of_this_world’).

Rabbi

Approved rendering: Ραββί
Transliteration: Rabbi
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ

New term (1:38, 49; 3:2). Stable transliteration, zero drift; respectful, pre-confessional address.

Teacher

Approved rendering: διδάσκαλος
Transliteration: didaskalos
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Scripture

New term (3:10, ‘the teacher of Israel’). Stable; slightly more formal register than everyday δάσκαλος. Gentle irony: Israel’s leading teacher does not grasp Israel’s own Scriptures.

Pharisee

Approved rendering: Φαρισαίος
Transliteration: Pharisaios
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ

New term (1:24; 3:1; 9:13-40; and throughout). Stable transliterated proper-group name; minor risk of a pre-loaded ‘hypocrite’ caricature before the narrative earns nuance (esp. for Nicodemus, ch. 3, 7:50-52, 19:39).

Zeal

Approved rendering: ζήλος
Transliteration: zēlos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection

New term (2:17, quoting Psalm 69:9). Distinct from the baseline’s ζηλωτής (Zealot political-party sense); here a positive, consuming devotion to God’s honor.

Harvest

Approved rendering: θερισμός
Transliteration: therismos
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ

New term (4:35-38). Transparent missional metaphor, conceptually resonant with the inherited αποστολή (mission) entry.

Division Schisma

Approved rendering: σχίσμα
Transliteration: schisma
Doctrine: Testimony and Witness to Christ

New term (7:43). Direct root of the later ecclesiastical term ‘schism’ (formal church division), a technical sense not intended in this narrative usage of a simple crowd-level dissension.

Grain Of Wheat

Approved rendering: ο κόκκος του σίτου
Transliteration: ho kokkos tou sitou
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection

New term (12:24). Transparent agricultural metaphor for Christ’s death producing abundant life/fruit.

Wash Niptō

Approved rendering: νίπτω
Transliteration: niptō
Doctrine: The New Commandment: Love One Another

New term (13:1-17). Literal hygiene verb; the metaphorical cleansing sense at 13:8 (‘unless I wash you, you have no share with me’) deserves a brief distinguishing note.

Not One Bone Broken

Approved rendering: ουδέν οστούν αυτού συντριβήσεται
Transliteration: ostoun ou syntribēsetai
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Death and Resurrection
Original: ὀστοῦν οὐ συντριβήσεται
Category: Covenant

New term (19:36, citing Exodus 12:46/Psalm 34:20). Completes the Passover-Lamb typology introduced at 1:29; cross-reference to ‘lamb_of_god’ rather than an independent new risk.

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