Core Glossary

Core Glossary: Revelation (Greek)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Revelation 1-22. Terms marked [BASELINE] are already recorded in the Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly as recorded there; this document does not alter those renderings. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by Revelation and require new translation-memory entries (see recommended entries at the end of this document for translation_memory.json v3 and bible_term_registry.json update).

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s convention: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence) / High (human theologian review) / Medium (native speaker review) / Low (automated review).

Table 1 — Christological and Divine-Sovereignty Terms

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs	Rendering Note
1	Lord	Κύριος	Kýrios	[BASELINE]	Critical	1:8; 11:15; 17:14; 19:16; 22:20-21	Reuse baseline exactly; Rev intensifies the risk via superlative titles (King of kings, Lord of lords).
2	God	Θεός	Theós	[BASELINE]	Critical	throughout	Reuse baseline exactly.
3	Jesus	Ιησούς	Iisoús	[BASELINE]	Critical	throughout	Reuse baseline exactly.
4	Son of God	Υιός του Θεού	Yiós tou Theoú	[BASELINE]	Critical	2:18	Reuse baseline exactly; distinguish from believers’ adoptive sonship (21:7).
5	Almighty / Pantokrator	Παντοκράτωρ	Pantokrátōr	[NEW]	Medium	1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22	Major liturgical/iconographic asset (dome icon); anchor to the book’s narrative sovereignty, not only static image.
6	Alpha and Omega	Το Άλφα και το Ωμέγα	To Álfa kai to Omégа	[NEW]	Low	1:8; 21:6; 22:13	Zero-gap asset — actual Greek alphabet letters; no transliteration needed.
7	Beginning and End	αρχή και τέλος	archí kai télos	[NEW]	Low	21:6; 22:13	Stable.
8	Word of God (title)	ο Λόγος του Θεού	o Lógos tou Theoú	[NEW]	Critical	19:13	Anchor to Johannine Logos-Christology (John 1:1,14), not “message” generically.
9	King of kings, Lord of lords	βασιλεύς βασιλέων και κύριος κυρίων	vasiléfs vasiléon kai kýrios kyríon	[NEW, composite of BASELINE terms]	Critical	17:14; 19:16	Superlative form of baseline Κύριος/βασιλεία; do not soften.
10	the one seated on the throne	ο καθήμενος επί τω θρόνω	o kathímenos epí to thróno	[NEW]	Low	4:2,9; 5:1,7; 20:11; 21:5	Recurring divine title; stable.
11	throne	θρόνος	thrónos	[NEW]	Low	4:2ff; 20:11; 21:5; 22:1,3	Zero-gap, high-frequency term throughout chs. 4-22.
12	Return / Coming of Christ	έρχομαι / ερχόμενος	érchomai / erchómenos	[NEW]	High	1:7; 3:11; 16:15; 22:7,12,17,20	Distinct from Pauline παρουσία (not used in Revelation); keep rendering consistent across all occurrences.
13	reign	βασιλεύω	vasilévo	[NEW, verb form of BASELINE βασιλεία]	Medium	5:10; 11:15; 20:4,6; 22:5	Reuses baseline βασιλεία root.

Table 2 — Salvation, Judgment, and Vindication Terms

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs	Rendering Note
14	salvation	σωτηρία	sotiría	[BASELINE]	Critical	7:10; 12:10; 19:1	Reuse baseline exactly.
15	resurrection	ανάσταση	anástasi	[BASELINE]	Critical	20:5-6, “first resurrection”	Reuse baseline exactly; preserve bodily, historical, non-cyclical sense.
16	grace	χάρη	chári	[BASELINE]	Critical	1:4; 22:21	Reuse baseline exactly.
17	faith / faithful	πίστη / πιστός	písti / pistós	[BASELINE]	Critical/High	2:10,13; 14:12; 17:14; 21:5,8	Reuse baseline exactly; distinguish “faithful” as adjective of reliability (21:5) from personal trust (21:8’s “unbelieving”).
18	righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	dikaiosýni	[BASELINE]	Critical	19:11 (“in righteousness he judges”)	Reuse baseline exactly.
19	judgment	κρίση / κρίνω	krísi / kríno	[NEW]	High	14:7; 16:5,7; 18:8,10,20; 19:2,11; 20:12-13	Modern Greek κρίση defaults to “economic/political crisis” in everyday usage — a severe secular-bleaching risk parallel to baseline εκλογή/κλήση; must be actively anchored to God’s righteous judicial verdict.
20	avenge / vindicate	εκδικώ / εκδίκηση	ekdikó / ekdíkisi	[NEW]	High	6:10; 19:2	Modern Greek εκδίκηση = personal “revenge”; anchor to judicial vindication (δικαιοσύνη), not vendetta.
21	second death	ο δεύτερος θάνατος	o défteros thánatos	[NEW]	Critical	2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8	Must not be confused with reincarnation-adjacent or merely rhetorical “death”; a final, one-time, eternal reality. Consistent rendering required at all four occurrences.
22	lake of fire	η λίμνη του πυρός	i límni tou pyrós	[NEW]	High	19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8	Ordinary word for “lake”; the terrifying, final-judgment force must be supplied by context/teaching.
23	book of life	το βιβλίο της ζωής	to vivlío tis zoís	[NEW]	Medium	3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27	Stable; ties to Assurance of Final Victory doctrine.
24	great white throne	ο μεγάλος λευκός θρόνος	o megálos lefkós thrónos	[NEW]	Low-Medium	20:11	Composite of established elements.
25	the one who overcomes / conqueror	ο νικών	o nikón	[NEW]	Medium	2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21; 21:7	Fully alive, positive Modern Greek term (νίκη); anchor to Rev’s own definition of “overcoming” (12:11 — by the blood of the Lamb and the word of testimony), not worldly conquest.
26	curse	κατάρα	katára	[BASELINE]	Medium	22:3	Reuse baseline exactly; final Edenic resolution.

Table 3 — Worship, Church, and Bride Terms

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs	Rendering Note
27	the Lamb	το Αρνίον	to Arníon	[NEW]	Critical	~28 occurrences, chs. 5-22	FORBIDDEN DRIFT: everyday Modern Greek αρνί/αρνάκι evokes the traditional Greek Easter roast-lamb meal; retain the capitalized liturgical form “το Αρνίον” (already attested in Orthodox hymnography) with an anchoring note at first occurrence (5:6) to the sacrificial-yet-triumphant Christological image, never the festive dish.
28	worship (proskynesis)	προσκυνώ / προσκύνηση	proskynó / proskýnisi	[NEW]	Critical	4:10; 5:14; 7:11; 13:4,8,12,15; 14:7,9,11; 19:10,20; 20:4; 22:8-9	Same word Orthodox tradition uses for icon/relic veneration. Frame via the Orthodox λατρεία/τιμητική προσκύνησις distinction (Second Nicene Council, formulated in Greek) — Revelation’s insistence on exclusive worship of God/the Lamb (esp. 19:10; 22:8-9, angel refusing worship) is consonant with, not opposed to, that historic distinction. No created being — including angels — may receive λατρεία.
29	serve / render cultic worship	λατρεύω / λατρεία	latrévo / latreía	[NEW]	High	7:15; 22:3	The technical Orthodox term for worship reserved exclusively to God, as distinct from τιμητική προσκύνησις given to icons/saints; a strong native-vocabulary asset for teaching the exclusivity of worship precisely, once explained.
30	worthy	άξιος	áxios	[NEW]	Medium	4:11; 5:2,4,9,12	Everyday Modern Greek sense = competence/merit; theological sense here is fitness to receive worship, a far higher claim.
31	glory	δόξα	dóxa	[BASELINE]	Medium	4:9,11; 5:12-13; 21:11,23-24	Reuse baseline exactly.
32	honor	τιμή	timí	[NEW]	Medium-High	4:9,11; 5:12-13	Modern Greek τιμή commonly = commercial “price”; anchor to “worth/honor ascribed,” not monetary value.
33	thanksgiving	ευχαριστία	efcharistía	[BASELINE]	Medium	4:9; 7:12	Reuse baseline exactly.
34	Holy, holy, holy (Trisagion)	Άγιος, άγιος, άγιος	Ágios, ágios, ágios	[BASELINE root]	Medium	4:8	Direct Sanctus/Trisagion liturgical source; risk is over-familiarity displacing engagement with Rev’s own narrative context.
35	church	εκκλησία	ekklisía	[BASELINE]	Medium	1:4,11,20; chs. 2-3; 22:16	Reuse baseline exactly.
36	saints / holy ones	άγιοι	ágioi	[BASELINE]	Critical	5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 17:6; 18:24; 20:9	Reuse baseline exactly; corporate all-believers sense, not canonized-only.
37	bride	νύμφη	nýmfi	[NEW]	Medium-High	19:7; 21:2,9; 22:17	Fully alive (weddings, sacramental γάμος); anchor corporately (the whole Church) against over-individualized romantic reading.
38	marriage/wedding of the Lamb	ο γάμος του Αρνίου	o gámos tou Arníou	[NEW composite]	Medium-High	19:7,9	Maximally positive cultural word (γάμος); keep corporate framing.
39	marriage supper	το δείπνο του γάμου του Αρνίου	to deípno tou gámou tou Arníou	[NEW composite]	Medium	19:9,17	δείπνον resonates with Μυστικός Δείπνος (Last Supper); asset for Eucharist-eschaton continuity teaching.
40	kingdom of God	βασιλεία του Θεού	vasileía tou Theoú	[BASELINE]	Medium	1:6,9; 11:15; 12:10	Reuse baseline exactly.
41	priests	ιερείς	ieréis	[NEW]	Low-Medium	1:6; 5:10; 20:6	Corporate all-believers priesthood; distinguish from ordained clergy (ιερέας) in Orthodox parish structure.
42	witness / martyr	μάρτυρας / μαρτυρία	mártyras / martyría	[NEW]	Critical	1:5,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3,7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 19:10; 20:4; 22:16,18,20	Dual sense (courtroom “witness” / venerated “martyr”) already present in the book’s own semantic development; teach as an asset connecting to Orthodox martyrological tradition, while ensuring both senses (ongoing testimony AND cost-to-death) stay active at every occurrence.

Table 4 — Persecution, Perseverance, and Assurance Terms

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs	Rendering Note
43	tribulation	θλίψη	thlípsi	[NEW]	High	1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14	Everyday sense = personal sorrow/grief; reinforce the externally-imposed persecution sense contextually.
44	patient endurance	υπομονή	ypomoní	[NEW]	Medium-High	1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12	Everyday sense risks passive “patience”; anchor to active, hope-charged steadfastness expecting vindication.
45	repentance	μετάνοια	metánoia	[NEW]	Medium	2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19; 9:20-21; 16:9,11	Rich, live Orthodox term (linked to the sacrament of confession); largely an asset.
46	cowardly	δειλοί	deilí	[NEW]	Medium	21:8	Names apostasy-under-pressure, not ordinary fear.
47	overcomer	see #25 above
48	sign / symbol	σημείο	simeío	[NEW]	Medium	1:1 (“he made it known by signs,” ἐσήμανεν); 12:1,3; 13:13-14; 15:1; 16:14; 19:20	Book’s own self-declared symbolic mode of communication; grounds the Symbolic/Apocalyptic Interpretation doctrine textually.
49	mystery	μυστήριο	mystírio	[NEW]	Medium-High	1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7	Distinguish “mystery” (hidden truth requiring interpretation) from “Mystery” (sacramental rite, τα Μυστήρια).
50	prophecy / prophesy	προφητεία / προφητεύω	profiteía / profitévo	[BASELINE]	Low	throughout, esp. 1:3; 10:11; 22:7,10,18-19	Reuse baseline exactly.
51	revelation	αποκάλυψη	apokálypsi	[BASELINE]	Medium	1:1 (book title)	Reuse baseline exactly; guard against journalistic “exposé” bleaching.
52	eternal gospel	το αιώνιο ευαγγέλιο	to aiónio evangélio	[BASELINE composite]	High	14:6	Reuse baseline ευαγγέλιο exactly.

Table 5 — Antagonist and Judgment-Imagery Terms

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs	Rendering Note
53	beast	θηρίο	thirío	[NEW]	Medium	11:7; chs. 13, 17	Stable, appropriately menacing; needs note on symbolic (not zoological) referent.
54	dragon	δράκοντας	drákontas	[NEW]	Medium-High	12:3,7,9,13,16-17; 20:2	Greek folkloric δράκος associations (mountain-ogre tales) risk reducing Satan to a fairy-tale figure; anchor to explicit identification “the ancient serpent…the Devil and Satan” (12:9).
55	Satan / the Devil	Σατανάς / διάβολος	Satanás / diávolos	[NEW]	Low	2:9-10,13,24; 3:9; 12:9; 20:2,7,10	Stable, already established Christian vocabulary.
56	mark (of the beast)	χάραγμα	cháragma	[NEW]	High	13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4	Contemporary Greek popular discourse has attached this term to digital-ID/chip-implant conspiracy narratives; teach the first-century imperial-cult-allegiance symbolism carefully without endorsing or dismissing modern applications.
57	number of the beast / 666	ο αριθμός του θηρίου / χξς’	o arithmós tou thiríou	[NEW]	High	13:18	Explicit textual invitation to symbolic (gematria) interpretation, not flat literal reading.
58	false prophet	ψευδοπροφήτης	psevdoprofítis	[NEW]	Low-Medium	16:13; 19:20; 20:10	Transparent compound; completes the unholy triad opposing the Trinity.
59	sorcery	μαγεία	mayeía	[BASELINE — FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION φαρμακεία]	Critical	9:21; 18:23; 21:8; 22:15	Reuse baseline exactly; NEVER φαρμακεία (Modern Greek “pharmacy”).
60	idolaters	ειδωλολάτρες	idololátres	[NEW]	Low-Medium	21:8; 22:15	Stable, transparent compound.
61	sexually immoral / the great prostitute	πόρνοι / η πόρνη η μεγάλη	pórni / i pórni i megáli	[NEW]	Medium	2:14,20; 9:21; 14:8; 17:1-5,15-16; 19:2; 21:8	Literal moral category and, in chs. 17-18, a symbol for idolatrous political-religious compromise — both senses must be available.
62	Babylon	Βαβυλώνα	Vavylóna	[NEW]	Medium	14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21	Symbolic-typological cipher (widely understood in context as coded reference to Rome); avoid asserting a specific modern political identification.
63	Armageddon	Αρμαγεδών	Armagedón	[NEW]	Medium	16:16	Modern colloquial use for “any disaster” risks flattening the specific symbolic place-name.
64	blasphemy	βλασφημία	vlasfimía	[NEW]	Low-Medium	13:1,5-6; 16:9,11,21; 17:3	Stable, retains religious weight in Modern Greek.
65	wrath (of God)	θυμός/οργή (Θεού)	thymós/orgí (Theoú)	[NEW]	Medium-High	6:16-17; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15	Everyday sense = personal anger/temper; anchor to settled, righteous, judicial wrath.
66	abyss	άβυσσος	ávyssos	[NEW]	Low-Medium	9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3	Fully alive, stable; bounded demonic activity under God’s sovereignty.

Table 6 — New Creation and Eschatological-Consummation Terms

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs	Rendering Note
67	new (in kind)	καινός/καινή/καινό	kainós/kainí/kainó	[BASELINE — καινή δημιουργία entry]	High	2:17; 3:12; 5:9; 21:1,2,5	Reuse baseline approach: gloss “new-in-kind,” not merely “new-in-time” (νέος); Modern Greek νέος dominates everyday “new” usage.
68	new heaven and new earth	καινός ουρανός και καινή γη	kainós ouranós kai kainí yi	[NEW composite]	High	21:1	Core-passage anchor term; see #67.
69	new Jerusalem	Ιερουσαλήμ καινή / η νέα Ιερουσαλήμ	Ierousalím kainí	[NEW composite]	High	3:12; 21:2	Explicitly symbolic-eschatological; must not be read as a claim about the modern city/state (cf. baseline Ισραήλ note).
70	sea (symbolic)	θάλασσα	thálassa	[NEW]	Medium-High	21:1	Distinctive Greek-maritime-culture risk: unglossed reading may seem to negate something the culture loves; frame as ANE symbol of chaos, not literal geography.
71	tabernacle / dwell	σκηνή / σκηνώνω	skiní / skinóno	[NEW]	Medium	7:15; 21:3	Everyday sense = “stage/tent”; supply OT tabernacle + John 1:14 background.
72	tears wiped away	εξαλείφω το δάκρυ	exaleífo to dákry	[NEW]	Low	7:17; 21:4	Vivid, stable verb; total not partial removal.
73	death (abolished)	θάνατος	thánatos	[BASELINE-adjacent]	Medium	21:4; 20:14; 21:4	Must convey literal cessation of mortality, not a vague symbolic “sorrow.”
74	it is done	γέγοναν/γέγονεν	gégonan/gégonen	[NEW]	Medium	16:17; 21:6	Preserve perfect-tense settled-completion force.
75	inherit	κληρονομώ	klironomó	[NEW, reuses baseline κληρονόμος root]	Low	21:7	Grace-based reception, not conquest-merit.
76	river of the water of life	ποταμός νερού της ζωής	potamós neroú tis zoís	[NEW]	Low-Medium	22:1	Keep visually/lexically linked to 21:6’s πηγή (spring).
77	tree of life	το ξύλο/δέντρο της ζωής	to xýlo/déndro tis zoís	[NEW]	Low-Medium	22:2,14,19	ξύλον also names “the Cross” in hymnography — a native typological asset once noted.
78	servants will see his face	βλέπουν το πρόσωπό του	vlépoun to prósopo tou	[NEW]	Low-Medium	22:4	Unmediated divine vision; culmination of the tabernacle theme.
79	freely / without cost	δωρεάν	doreán	[BASELINE — CONTEXT-REVERSED]	Critical	21:6; 22:17	Do not apply the Galatians 2:21 forbidden-substitution rule here. In these two verses δωρεάν’s ordinary Modern Greek sense (“free of charge,” “as a gift”) is exactly correct and intended. Flag explicitly in Phase 2 tooling as a context-dependent term: FORBIDDEN at Galatians 2:21 (“in vain”), REQUIRED/CORRECT at Revelation 21:6 and 22:17 (“freely given”).
80	second death	see #21 above
81	thousand years / millennium	χίλια χρόνια / χιλιετία	chília chrónia / chilietía	[NEW]	Medium-High	20:2-7	Avoid unrelated 20th-century political echoes (“Χιλιετές Ράιχ”); present without asserting one specific millennial position.
82	no temple	ναός (απουσία ναού)	naós	[NEW]	Medium-High	21:22	Everyday sense = physical church building; clarify this is about removal of mediating structure, not devaluation of church buildings/worship now.
83	nations (eschatological)	έθνη	éthni	[BASELINE]	Medium	21:24,26; 22:2	Reuse baseline exactly; final fulfillment of Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine.

Table 7 — Proper Names and Established Liturgical Loanwords (Low Risk / Stable)

#	Term (EN)	Greek	Transliteration	Status	Risk	Key Refs
84	David	Δαβίδ	Davíd	[BASELINE]	Low	3:7; 5:5; 22:16
85	Israel	Ισραήλ	Israíl	[BASELINE]	Low (contextual Medium if political ambiguity arises)	2:14; 7:4; 21:12
86	Amen	Αμήν	Amín	[BASELINE-adjacent]	Low	1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21
87	Hallelujah	Αλληλούια	Allilouía	[NEW, but established liturgical loanword]	Low	19:1,3-4,6
88	seal	σφραγίδα / σφραγίζω	sfragída / sfragízo	[NEW]	Low-Medium	5:1-9; 6:1ff; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4; 20:3; 22:10
89	trumpet	σάλπιγγα	sálpinga	[NEW]	Low	1:10; 8:2-9:14; 11:15
90	bowl	φιάλη	fiáli	[NEW]	Low-Medium	15:7; 16:1-17
91	key	κλειδί	klidí	[NEW]	Low	1:18; 3:7; 9:1; 20:1
92	harvest / sickle	θερισμός / δρεπάνι	therismós / drepáni	[NEW]	Low	14:14-20
93	winepress	ληνός / πατητήρι	linós / patitíri	[NEW]	Low	14:19-20; 19:15

Recommended Additions to `translation_memory.json` (v3) and `bible_term_registry.json`

The following NEW terms should be formally added as entries with the fields already used in the baseline (translation, transliteration, doctrine_risk, doctrine, alternatives_rejected, notes) before Phase 2 processing of any Revelation segment begins. Priority order for entry creation (Critical first):

lamb (αρνίο/Αρνίον) — Critical
worship (προσκυνώ/προσκύνηση) — Critical
witness_martyr (μάρτυρας/μαρτυρία) — Critical
second_death (δεύτερος θάνατος) — Critical
freely_without_cost (δωρεάν, context-reversed from Galatians usage) — Critical
word_of_god_title (Λόγος του Θεού) — Critical
judgment (κρίση/κρίνω) — High
avenge_vindicate (εκδικώ/εκδίκηση) — High
lake_of_fire (λίμνη του πυρός) — High
tribulation (θλίψη) — High
mark_of_the_beast (χάραγμα) — High
number_of_the_beast (αριθμός του θηρίου / 666) — High
latreia_service_worship (λατρεύω/λατρεία) — High
coming_of_christ (έρχομαι/ερχόμενος) — High
new_heaven_new_earth (καινός ουρανός και καινή γη) — High
new_jerusalem (Ιερουσαλήμ καινή) — High
pantokrator (Παντοκράτωρ) — Medium
alpha_and_omega (Το Άλφα και το Ωμέγα) — Low
bride_of_christ (νύμφη) — Medium-High
marriage_of_the_lamb (γάμος του Αρνίου) — Medium-High
perseverance_endurance (υπομονή) — Medium-High
wrath_of_god (θυμός/οργή Θεού) — Medium-High
sea_symbolic (θάλασσα, 21:1) — Medium-High
no_temple (ναός — absence of, 21:22) — Medium-High
mystery (μυστήριο) — Medium-High
millennium (χίλια χρόνια/χιλιετία) — Medium-High
dragon (δράκοντας) — Medium-High
beast (θηρίο) — Medium
overcomer (ο νικών) — Medium
sign_symbol (σημείο) — Medium
worthy (άξιος) — Medium
honor (τιμή) — Medium-High
tabernacle_dwell (σκηνή/σκηνώνω) — Medium
repentance (μετάνοια) — Medium
babylon_symbolic (Βαβυλώνα) — Medium
armageddon (Αρμαγεδών) — Medium

All remaining Table 5-7 terms may be entered at Low or Low-Medium risk following the pattern of existing baseline Low-risk entries (e.g. apostle, prophet, zealot).

See 07_semantic_analysis.md for full doctrinal reasoning behind every risk assignment in this glossary.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: χάρη
Transliteration: chári
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Rejected alternatives: χάρη με την καθημερινή έννοια της γοητείας ή ομορφιάς, χάρη ως νομική/προεδρική χάρη
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Opens (1:4) and closes (22:21) the whole book, framing everything between as a gift, not an achievement; guard against the everyday charm/pardon senses at both bookends.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: δικαιοσύνη
Transliteration: dikaiosýni
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. At 19:11 (‘in righteousness he judges and makes war’) ensure the civic/legal Modern Greek default does not crowd out God’s own righteous character as the ground of judgment.

Salvation

Approved rendering: σωτηρία
Transliteration: sotiría
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Revelation’s climactic doxological cry ‘Salvation belongs to our God!’ (7:10; 12:10; 19:1) celebrates a decisively accomplished deliverance; do not fold exclusively into the theosis-participation framework.

Holy

Approved rendering: άγιος
Transliteration: ágios
Doctrine: Sainthood and Holiness of the Redeemed
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Applied to God (4:8, the Trisagion), to the city (21:2,10; 22:19), and to believers (5:8; 20:6) — reinforcing across all three uses that holiness is corporate/relational, not an ascetic elite category.

Saints

Approved rendering: άγιοι
Transliteration: ágioi
Doctrine: Sainthood and Holiness of the Redeemed
Rejected alternatives: Άγιοι αποκλειστικά ως αγιοποιημένα, τιμώμενα πρόσωπα με ονομαστική εορτή
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Revelation’s frequency (5:8; 8:3-4; 11:18; 13:7,10; 14:12; 17:6; 18:24; 20:9) far exceeds Romans, intensifying the risk of defaulting to canonized name-day saints; the corporate all-believers note must be reinforced at each occurrence, not only once.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: ανάσταση
Transliteration: anástasi
Doctrine: Resurrection of the Dead
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Revelation 20:4-13 distinguishes ‘the first resurrection’ from the general resurrection for judgment — order and scope within one bodily, historical reality, never cyclical rebirth.

Lord

Approved rendering: Κύριος
Transliteration: Kýrios
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Κύριος με την καθημερινή έννοια της ευγενικής προσφώνησης ‘κύριε’
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Intensified by Revelation’s superlative titles (17:14; 19:16, ‘Lord of lords’) and the closing prayer (22:20); never let it settle into the everyday ‘Mister/Sir’ register.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: Υιός του Θεού
Transliteration: Yiós tou Theoú
Doctrine: Christ’s Unique Sonship versus Believers’ Adoptive Sonship
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Addressed directly to the church at Thyatira (2:18); must be kept sharply distinct from the adoptive ‘he will be my son’ language of 21:7.

Messiah

Approved rendering: Μεσσίας
Transliteration: Messías
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Original: Χριστός / מָשִׁיחַ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Reserved for contexts specifically invoking the Hebrew messianic-promise background; Revelation itself overwhelmingly prefers Χριστός (see christ_title).

Christ Title

Approved rendering: Χριστός
Transliteration: Christós
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package’s messiah entry preference; reused exactly. Used throughout Revelation (1:1,2,5; 11:15; 12:10; 20:4,6), often paired with Κύριος and βασιλεία; the NT’s and this book’s own overwhelmingly preferred title.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Ιησούς
Transliteration: Iisoús
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Invoked in the book’s closing prayer (22:20-21).

God

Approved rendering: Θεός
Transliteration: Theós
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Άγιο Πνεύμα
Transliteration: Ágio Pnévma
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ Πνεῦμα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Active in the seven letters (‘what the Spirit says to the churches’) and joining the Bride in the closing invitation (22:17); keep the Spirit’s personal agency distinct from an impersonal life-force reading.

Father

Approved rendering: Πατέρας
Transliteration: Patéras
Doctrine: Christ’s Unique Sonship versus Believers’ Adoptive Sonship

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 1:6 (‘a kingdom and priests to his God and Father’) and 14:1 (the Lamb’s companions bearing the Father’s name).

In Vain

Approved rendering: μάταια
Transliteration: dōreán
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Rejected alternatives: δωρεάν με τη σύγχρονη εμπορική έννοια του ‘χωρίς χρέωση’

Inherited from Galatians package UNCHANGED and applies only to Galatians 2:21-type ‘in vain’ contexts, which do not occur in Revelation. See the separate entry ‘freely_without_cost’ for the CONTEXT-REVERSED, correct use of δωρεάν at Revelation 21:6 and 22:17. Retained here so Phase 2 tooling can enforce both rules side by side without rule-bleed.

Lamb

Approved rendering: το Αρνίον
Transliteration: to Arníon
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: αρνάκι/αρνί με την καθημερινή εορταστική έννοια του πασχαλινού αρνιού
Original: ἀρνίον
Category: Christology

FORBIDDEN DRIFT: αρνί/αρνάκι evokes the traditional Greek Easter roast-lamb feast dish. Retain the capitalized liturgical form ‘το Αρνίον’ (already attested in Orthodox hymnography) with a mandatory anchoring note at first occurrence (5:6) to the sacrificial-yet-triumphant Christological image, never the festive meal. Recurs ~28 times, chs. 5-22.

Worship Proskyneo

Approved rendering: προσκυνώ / προσκύνηση
Transliteration: proskynó / proskýnisi
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: προσκυνέω
Category: Worship

Same word Orthodox tradition uses for icon/relic veneration. Frame via the Second Nicene λατρεία/τιμητική προσκύνησις distinction: Revelation’s refusal scenes (19:10; 22:8-9) support, not oppose, this distinction. No created being — including angels — may receive λατρεία. Same verb also renders illegitimate worship of the beast (13:4,8,12,15); context must disambiguate at every occurrence.

Witness Martyr

Approved rendering: μάρτυρας / μαρτυρία
Transliteration: mártyras / martyría
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Testimony
Original: μάρτυς / μαρτυρία
Category: Perseverance

Modern Greek μάρτυρας means both ordinary legal ‘witness’ and venerated Orthodox ‘martyr.’ Revelation’s own usage tracks this semantic slide (1:5,9; 2:13; 6:9; 11:3-7; 12:11,17; 17:6; 20:4). Both senses must remain active at every occurrence so neither the ongoing-testimony sense nor the cost-of-discipleship sense is lost.

Word Of God Title

Approved rendering: ο Λόγος του Θεού
Transliteration: o Lógos tou Theoú
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ο Λόγος ως γενικό ‘μήνυμα’ ή ‘λόγια’ του Θεού
Original: ὁ Λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Christological title for the victorious rider (19:13), directly echoing John 1:1,14’s incarnate Logos. Must be read as a personal title of Christ, not ‘God’s message’ generically — weight equal to Υιός του Θεού.

King Of Kings Lord Of Lords

Approved rendering: βασιλεύς βασιλέων και κύριος κυρίων
Transliteration: vasiléfs vasiléon kai kýrios kyríon
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που εξασθενίζει την υπερθετική επανάληψη σε ‘μεγάλος βασιλιάς’
Original: βασιλεὺς βασιλέων καὶ κύριος κυρίων
Category: Christology

Superlative title of Christ’s absolute, unrivaled sovereignty (17:14; 19:16). Composite of baseline βασιλεία-root and Κύριος; the superlative repetition must be preserved and never softened.

Second Death

Approved rendering: ο δεύτερος θάνατος
Transliteration: o défteros thánatos
Doctrine: The Second Death and Eternal Judgment
Rejected alternatives: θάνατος με κυκλική ή μεταφορική/ρητορική χρήση
Original: ὁ θάνατος ὁ δεύτερος
Category: Judgment

Must never read as cyclical, reincarnation-adjacent, or merely rhetorical; a final, one-time, eternal reality. Consistent rendering required at all four occurrences (2:11; 20:6,14; 21:8).

Freely Without Cost

Approved rendering: δωρεάν
Transliteration: dōreán
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life
Rejected alternatives: μάταια / χωρίς λόγο (η απόδοση που επιβάλλεται στα Γαλάτες 2:21, αλλά ΟΧΙ εδώ)
Original: δωρεάν
Category: Salvation

CONTEXT-REVERSED FROM GALATIANS: the baseline flags δωρεάν as FORBIDDEN for ‘in vain’ at Galatians 2:21. At Revelation 21:6 and 22:17, δωρεάν’s ordinary Modern Greek sense (‘free of charge,’ ‘as a free gift’) is exactly correct and required — the water of life is a pure, unmerited gift. Flag explicitly in Phase 2 tooling to prevent cross-curriculum rule-bleed.

New Heaven New Earth

Approved rendering: καινός ουρανός και καινή γη
Transliteration: kainós ouranós kai kainí yi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που υπονοεί βαθμιαία βελτίωση ή αποκλειστικά ‘πνευματική’ (μη υλική) ανακαίνιση
Original: οὐρανὸς καινὸς καὶ γῆ καινή
Category: Eschatology

CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:1). The qualitatively transformed creation replacing the first heaven and earth. Must convey decisive, cosmic renewal — continuous with, but not a mere repetition of, the old creation — not gradual improvement or non-physical renewal.

First Resurrection

Approved rendering: η ανάσταση η πρώτη
Transliteration: i anástasi i próti
Doctrine: Resurrection of the Dead
Rejected alternatives: ερμηνεία που υπονοεί κυκλική αναγέννηση/μετενσάρκωση
Original: ἡ ἀνάστασις ἡ πρώτη
Category: Eschatology

Distinguishes the resurrection/vindication of the faithful preceding the thousand years (20:5-6) from the general resurrection for judgment (20:12-13). Requires careful, non-dogmatic framing given genuine differences among faithful Christian traditions, including within Orthodoxy, on its precise referent.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: ευαγγέλιο
Transliteration: evangélio
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. In Revelation 14:6 this is explicitly ‘the eternal gospel’ proclaimed by an angel at the hour of judgment — teach as the same gospel of Romans/Galatians now proclaimed at history’s hinge, not a different or later message.

Faith

Approved rendering: πίστη
Transliteration: písti
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Revelation repeatedly pairs πίστις with υπομονή (2:13,19; 13:10; 14:12), showing faith as sustained covenant loyalty under pressure, not mere assent.

Called

Approved rendering: κλητός
Transliteration: klitós
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 17:14 in the triad ‘called and chosen and faithful’ (κλητοὶ καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ καὶ πιστοί), describing those who stand with the Lamb against the beast.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: αγιασμός
Transliteration: agiasmós
Doctrine: Sainthood and Holiness of the Redeemed
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Underlies Revelation’s robe-washing and commandment-keeping imagery (7:14; 22:14) even though the noun itself is infrequent; keep distinct from the Epiphany water-blessing rite of the same name.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: δύναμη Θεού
Transliteration: dýnami Theoú
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: δύναμις (τοῦ θεοῦ)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Part of the heavenly doxology vocabulary (4:11; 5:12; 7:12; 11:17; 12:10; 19:1).

Covenant

Approved rendering: διαθήκη
Transliteration: diathíki
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: διαθήκη με τη σύγχρονη κυρίαρχη έννοια της κληρονομικής διαθήκης
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The heavenly ark of the covenant’s appearance (11:19) signals God’s relational covenant faithfulness being vindicated, not an inheritance document being executed.

Election

Approved rendering: εκλογή
Transliteration: eklogí
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Rejected alternatives: εκλογή με τη σύγχρονη πολιτική έννοια των εκλογών

Inherited from Romans package (concept, ἐκλεκτός root). Revelation 17:14’s triad ‘κλητοὶ καὶ ἐκλεκτοὶ καὶ πιστοί’ (‘called and chosen and faithful’) must not register as a ballot-box term.

Promise

Approved rendering: υπόσχεση (επαγγελία)
Transliteration: epangelía
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: επαγγελία συγχεόμενη με το σύγχρονο ‘επάγγελμα’

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The word ἐπαγγελία itself does not recur verbatim in Revelation, but the seven letters’ overcomer-promises (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21) are conceptually continuous with this doctrine; anchor with υπόσχεση as in the baseline.

New Creation

Approved rendering: καινή δημιουργία (καινή κτίση)
Transliteration: kainí dimiourgía / kainí ktísi
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: καινή κτίση με τη σύγχρονη έννοια της οικοδομικής κατασκευής
Original: καινός / καινή κτίσις (conceptually)
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package; reused and extended. Underlies Revelation’s new heaven/earth (21:1,5), new song (5:9), and new name (2:17; 3:12); Modern Greek νέος dominates everyday ‘new,’ so καινός’s ‘new-in-kind’ sense needs a gloss at each major occurrence.

Sorcery

Approved rendering: μαγεία
Transliteration: pharmakeía
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and Ultimate Allegiance
Rejected alternatives: φαρμακεία με τη σύγχρονη έννοια του φαρμακείου
Original: φαρμακεία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. FORBIDDEN SUBSTITUTION carried forward: Modern Greek φαρμακεία means ‘pharmacy.’ Recurs at 9:21, 18:23, 21:8, 22:15 — consistent avoidance required at all four occurrences, not only 21:8.

Latreia Service

Approved rendering: λατρεύω / λατρεία
Transliteration: latrévo / latreía
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: λατρεύω / λατρεία
Category: Worship

The technical Orthodox term for worship reserved exclusively to God, distinct from τιμητική προσκύνησις given to icons/saints (7:15; 22:3). Paired with προσκυνέω, gives unusually precise native vocabulary for teaching exclusive worship.

Faithful True

Approved rendering: πιστός και αληθινός
Transliteration: pistós kai alithinós
Doctrine: Martyrdom and Testimony
Original: πιστός καὶ ἀληθινός
Category: Faith

Descriptive of the reliability of God’s words (21:5), of Christ (3:14; 19:11), and of those loyal under trial (2:10,13; 17:14). πιστός here functions adjectivally of trustworthiness, not personal trust in Christ; must not be collapsed into ‘someone who has faith.‘

Coming Of Christ

Approved rendering: έρχομαι / ερχόμενος
Transliteration: érchomai / erchómenos
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Rejected alternatives: συστηματική αντικατάσταση με τον όρο ‘Δευτέρα Παρουσία’ μέσα στο μεταφρασμένο κείμενο
Original: ἔρχομαι / ὁ ἐρχόμενος
Category: Christology

Distinct from the Pauline παρουσία, which Revelation never uses (1:7; 3:11; 16:15; 22:7,12,17,20). Render consistently with ἔρχομαι/ερχόμενος throughout so the refrain reads as one unfolding theme; introduce ‘Δευτέρα Παρουσία’ only in an explanatory note connecting to the reader’s existing creedal category, never substituted into running translated text.

Judgment

Approved rendering: κρίση / κρίνω
Transliteration: krísi / kríno
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: κρίση με τη σύγχρονη κυρίαρχη έννοια της οικονομικής/πολιτικής κρίσης
Original: κρίσις / κρίνω
Category: Judgment

Modern Greek κρίση defaults overwhelmingly to ‘economic/political crisis’ — likely the single most severe secular-bleaching risk in this Language Package. Must be actively anchored to δικαιοσύνη vocabulary at every occurrence (14:7; 16:5,7; 18:8,10,20; 19:2,11; 20:12-13).

Avenge Vindicate

Approved rendering: εκδικώ / εκδίκηση
Transliteration: ekdikó / ekdíkisi
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Rejected alternatives: εκδίκηση με τη σύγχρονη έννοια της προσωπικής βεντέτας
Original: ἐκδικέω / ἐκδίκησις
Category: Judgment

Modern Greek εκδίκηση = personal ‘revenge.’ Must be paired with δικαιοσύνη/κρίση vocabulary so the martyrs’ cry (6:10) and Babylon’s judgment (19:2) read as righteous judicial vindication, not vendetta.

Lake Of Fire

Approved rendering: η λίμνη του πυρός
Transliteration: i límni tou pyrós
Doctrine: The Second Death and Eternal Judgment
Original: ἡ λίμνη τοῦ πυρός
Category: Judgment

Modern Greek λίμνη is the ordinary word for any lake and θείο (sulfur) is a neutral chemical name; the terrifying, final-judgment force must be supplied by context and teaching, handled with pastoral care against both trivialization and sensationalism (19:20; 20:10,14-15; 21:8).

New Jerusalem

Approved rendering: η καινή Ιερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: i kainí Ierousalím
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ταύτιση με τη σύγχρονη πόλη/κράτος της Ιερουσαλήμ
Original: Ἰερουσαλὴμ καινή
Category: Eschatology

The eschatological, heavenly city descending from God, identified with the Bride (3:12; 21:2,9-10). Modern political contestation around the actual city sharpens the baseline’s Ισραήλ risk considerably; keep explicitly symbolic-eschatological.

Sea Symbolic

Approved rendering: θάλασσα
Transliteration: thálassa
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: θάλασσα διαβασμένη ως λογοτεχνική/κυριολεκτική υποτίμηση της ίδιας της θάλασσας
Original: θάλασσα (οὐκ ἔστιν ἔτι)
Category: Eschatology

CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:1). The ancient Near Eastern symbol of chaos and threat, removed in the final vision. Distinctively Greek risk: for a maritime, island culture with overwhelmingly positive θάλασσα associations, requires an explicit note framing this as ANE chaos-symbol removal, not anti-sea polemic.

No Temple

Approved rendering: ναός (απουσία ναού)
Transliteration: naós
Doctrine: The New Covenant Presence of God (Tabernacle Fulfilled)
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση που υπονοεί απαξίωση των σημερινών ναών/λατρείας
Original: ναὸν οὐκ εἶδον
Category: Eschatology

Ναός is the everyday word for a physical church building. ‘No temple’ (21:22) must be framed as removal of any mediating structure because God’s presence is now direct — the fulfillment of, not an argument against, the Church’s present worship life.

Bride Of Christ

Approved rendering: νύμφη
Transliteration: nýmfi
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Rejected alternatives: νύμφη ερμηνευμένη ως ατομική ρομαντική σχέση πιστού με τον Χριστό
Original: νύμφη
Category: Church

CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:2,9; also 19:7; 22:17). Fully alive in Modern Greek (weddings, sacramental γάμος); risk is over-literalizing into an individual romantic union rather than the corporate, covenantal whole-people-as-one-bride sense. Anchor corporately at every occurrence.

Marriage Of The Lamb

Approved rendering: ο γάμος του Αρνίου
Transliteration: o gámos tou Arníou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: ὁ γάμος τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church

Consummation of the Bride-of-Christ relationship (19:7,9). Γάμος is maximally positive and culturally central (sacramental marriage); keep the corporate framing — the whole Church, not one individual believer.

Tribulation

Approved rendering: θλίψη
Transliteration: thlípsi
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: θλῖψις
Category: Perseverance

Modern Greek θλίψη is fully alive but primarily denotes personal sorrow/grief; the specific sense of externally-imposed persecution-suffering (1:9; 2:9-10,22; 7:14) needs contextual reinforcement.

Patient Endurance

Approved rendering: υπομονή
Transliteration: ypomoní
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance

Fully alive and common (‘υπομονή!’ as everyday encouragement to be patient); risks flattening into passive stoic patience rather than Revelation’s active, hope-charged steadfastness expecting vindication (1:9; 2:2-3,19; 3:10; 13:10; 14:12).

Mystery

Approved rendering: μυστήριο
Transliteration: mystírio
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Signals a vision requiring interpretation, not flat literalism (1:20; 10:7; 17:5,7). Distinguish ‘mystery’ (symbolic-hermeneutical hidden meaning) from ‘Mystery’ (τα Μυστήρια, the Sacraments) by explicit note.

Number Of The Beast

Approved rendering: ο αριθμός του θηρίου (εξακόσια εξήντα έξι)
Transliteration: o arithmós tou thiríou
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and Ultimate Allegiance
Rejected alternatives: παρουσίαση ως αυτόματη αναφορά σε συγκεκριμένο σύγχρονο πρόσωπο
Original: ὁ ἀριθμὸς τοῦ θηρίου, χξς’
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

A cryptic, gematria-derived identifier requiring ‘wisdom’ and ‘calculation’ (13:18). Teach as Revelation’s own explicit example of coded communication, prefer the native term ισοψηφία for the underlying method (see gematria_isopsifia); do not present as self-evidently referring to a specific contemporary figure or technology.

Mark Of The Beast

Approved rendering: χάραγμα
Transliteration: cháragma
Doctrine: The Mark of the Beast and Ultimate Allegiance
Rejected alternatives: χάραγμα ταυτισμένο ρητά με συγκεκριμένη σύγχρονη ψηφιακή τεχνολογία
Original: χάραγμα
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Has become standard colloquial Greek shorthand for feared digital-ID/chip-implant schemes in conspiracy-adjacent public discourse. Present the first-century imperial-cult-allegiance symbolism (13:16-17; 14:9,11; 16:2; 19:20; 20:4) carefully, neither endorsing nor dismissing modern applications.

Dragon

Approved rendering: δράκοντας
Transliteration: drákontas
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: δράκων
Category: Sin

The cosmic antagonist explicitly identified as ‘the ancient serpent…the Devil and Satan’ (12:9). Greek folkloric δράκος associations (mountain-ogre tales, δρακόσπιτα) risk reducing Satan to a fairy-tale monster; anchor every occurrence to the explicit 12:9 identification.

Wrath Of God

Approved rendering: θυμός / οργή Θεού
Transliteration: thymós / orgí Theoú
Doctrine: Judgment and the Wrath of God
Original: θυμός / ὀργή (θεοῦ)
Category: Judgment

θυμός in ordinary Modern Greek denotes personal anger/temper; the theological sense (settled, righteous, judicial wrath, 6:16-17; 14:10,19; 15:1,7; 16:1,19; 19:15) needs active reinforcement parallel to baseline χάρη/δόξα secular-drift notes.

Honor

Approved rendering: τιμή
Transliteration: timí
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: τιμή με τη σύγχρονη εμπορική έννοια της τιμής προϊόντος
Original: τιμή
Category: Worship

Worth/honor ascribed in the heavenly doxologies (4:9,11; 5:12-13). Modern Greek τιμή commonly means commercial ‘price,’ a secular-bleaching risk directly parallel to baseline χάρη/δόξα; anchor to ‘honor/worth ascribed.‘

Koinos Ritual Purity

Approved rendering: κοινός (τίποτα το ακάθαρτο)
Transliteration: koinós
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: κοινός με τη σύγχρονη έννοια του ‘συνηθισμένου/κοινού πράγματος’

‘Nothing unclean’ shall enter the city (21:27, using κοινός in its Koine ritual-impurity sense, cf. Acts 10). Modern Greek κοινός means ‘common/ordinary,’ which loses the ritual-defilement sense load-bearing for the New Jerusalem’s purity claim; gloss explicitly.

Purchased For God

Approved rendering: αγόρασες / εξαγόρασες για τον Θεό
Transliteration: ēgórasas / exēgórasas tō Theō
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Rejected alternatives: αγοράζω με την καθαρά εμπορική, καθημερινή έννοια της αγοράς/ψωνίσματος

The Lamb ‘purchased’ the redeemed for God with his blood (5:9; cf. 14:3-4). Distinct verb from the baseline’s forbidden-substitution εξαγοράζω (Galatians 3:13; 4:5), but shares the same commercial-drift risk in Modern Greek (αγοράζω = ordinary shopping/buying); anchor firmly to the sacrificial-redemptive sense, cross-referencing the baseline redeem entry’s fencing strategy.

Medium Risk Terms

Adoption

Approved rendering: υιοθεσία
Transliteration: yiothesía
Doctrine: Christ’s Unique Sonship versus Believers’ Adoptive Sonship
Original: υἱοθεσία (conceptually; cf. υἱός, 21:7)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package (concept); Revelation 21:7 states the doctrine directly with υιός (‘he will be my son’) rather than the noun υιοθεσία — must be kept distinct from Christ’s unique eternal Sonship (2:18) even though the same noun is used for both.

Peace

Approved rendering: ειρήνη
Transliteration: eiríni
Doctrine: Grace and the Free Gift of Life

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Part of the opening greeting ‘grace and peace’ (1:4), framing the whole book as a pastoral letter to real churches before it is anything else.

Church

Approved rendering: εκκλησία
Transliteration: ekklisía
Doctrine: Repentance and the Call to the Seven Churches
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The seven concrete, historical, local congregations addressed directly by the risen Christ (chs. 2-3) and the whole redeemed community (22:16).

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: βασιλεία του Θεού
Transliteration: vasileía tou Theoú
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Announced as accomplished at the seventh trumpet (11:15) and shared with believers as both kingdom and priesthood (1:6,9; 5:10).

Sin

Approved rendering: αμαρτία
Transliteration: amartía
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Used of Babylon’s accumulated sins (18:5, ‘her sins are heaped high’) as grounds for systemic, not only individual, judgment.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: έθνη
Transliteration: éthni
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Gathered in the great multitude (7:9) and bringing their glory into the New Jerusalem (21:24,26) — the final, cosmic fulfillment of the Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine from Romans.

Glory

Approved rendering: δόξα
Transliteration: dóxa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. At 21:23 δόξα is not merely praised but literally illumines the New Jerusalem — a vivid extension worth teaching explicitly.

Intercession

Approved rendering: μεσιτεία
Transliteration: mesiteía
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Rejected alternatives: μεσιτεία αποκλειστικά των αγίων και της Παναγίας ως απαραίτητων μεσαζόντων

Inherited from Romans package (concept). The prayers of the saints pictured as incense rising to God (8:3-4) is Revelation’s own prayer-vocabulary; do not let it default to saintly/Marian mediation as the necessary model.

Providence

Approved rendering: πρόνοια
Transliteration: prónoia
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Rejected alternatives: πρόνοια με τη σύγχρονη έννοια της κοινωνικής πρόνοιας

Inherited from Romans package (concept). Cross-references Romans 8:28’s providence doctrine to Revelation’s own throne-room governance of unfolding history (4:1-11; 17:17); reserve for passages specifically parallel to that doctrine, not generic ‘God is in control’ statements.

Mission

Approved rendering: αποστολή
Transliteration: apostolí
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The eternal gospel proclaimed to every nation, tribe, tongue, and people (14:6) is Revelation’s own vision of consummated mission.

Israel

Approved rendering: Ισραήλ
Transliteration: Israíl
Doctrine: Unity of the Redeemed from Every Nation
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The twelve tribes named on the sealed (7:4) and on the gates of the New Jerusalem (21:12); keep the symbolic-theological referent distinct from the modern political state.

Seed Of David

Approved rendering: σπέρμα Δαβίδ
Transliteration: spérma Davíd
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Underlies the ‘Root of David’ title (5:5; 22:16), conveying physical lineage and covenant fulfillment.

Curse

Approved rendering: κατάρα
Transliteration: katára
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: κατάρα
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. The Edenic curse of Genesis 3 is definitively and finally lifted in the New Jerusalem (22:3), resolving the substitutionary curse-theme carried through the Galatians baseline.

Revelation Title

Approved rendering: αποκάλυψη
Transliteration: apokálypsi
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: ἀποκάλυψις
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Here it is the book’s own title-word and self-designation (1:1) — an unveiling of what must soon take place; guard against the bleached journalistic ‘exposé’ sense.

Book Of Life

Approved rendering: το βιβλίο της ζωής
Transliteration: to vivlío tis zoís
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: τὸ βιβλίον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Judgment

The heavenly register of those belonging to God (3:5; 13:8; 17:8; 20:12,15; 21:27); stable, ties to Assurance of Final Victory.

Great White Throne

Approved rendering: ο μεγάλος λευκός θρόνος
Transliteration: o megálos lefkós thrónos
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: ὁ θρόνος ὁ μέγας ὁ λευκός
Category: Judgment

Composite of already-stable elements (θρόνος, λευκός); climactic final judgment scene (20:11).

Overcomer

Approved rendering: ο νικών
Transliteration: o nikón
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil
Original: ὁ νικῶν
Category: Perseverance

νίκη/νικώ are fully alive and strongly positive in Modern Greek (sports, the national struggle-for-independence narrative); risks a triumphalist/militaristic misreading unless anchored to Revelation’s own definition of overcoming (12:11 — by the blood of the Lamb and the word of one’s testimony). Refrain closing each of the seven letters (2:7,11,17,26; 3:5,12,21), universalized at 21:7.

It Is Done

Approved rendering: γέγοναν / γέγονεν
Transliteration: gégonan / gégonen
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: γέγοναν / γέγονεν
Category: Eschatology

Perfect-tense declaration of settled completion, used of both judgment’s completion (16:17) and renewal’s completion (21:6); preserve the perfect-tense force in both.

Tabernacle Dwell

Approved rendering: σκηνή / σκηνώνω
Transliteration: skiní / skinóno
Doctrine: The New Covenant Presence of God (Tabernacle Fulfilled)
Original: σκηνή / σκηνώσει
Category: Eschatology

CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:3; cf. 7:15). Everyday Modern Greek σκηνή = ‘stage’ or ‘tent’; supply the OT tabernacle background and the John 1:14 echo (ἐσκήνωσεν) by note.

Pantokrator

Approved rendering: Παντοκράτωρ
Transliteration: Pantokrátor
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: Παντοκράτωρ
Category: God

‘Ruler of all’ (1:8; 4:8; 11:17; 15:3; 16:7,14; 19:6,15; 21:22). Major liturgical/iconographic asset — the standard central-dome icon title of virtually every Orthodox church; keep tied to the book’s narrative, historically-unfolding sovereignty, not only a static image.

Reign

Approved rendering: βασιλεύω
Transliteration: vasilévo
Doctrine: The Return and Reign of Christ
Original: βασιλεύω
Category: Kingdom

Applied to believers reigning with Christ (5:10; 20:4,6; 22:5) and to Christ’s own reign (11:15); keep consistent with the established βασιλεία noun rendering.

Marriage Supper

Approved rendering: το δείπνο του γάμου του Αρνίου
Transliteration: to deípno tou gámou tou Arníou
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ
Original: τὸ δεῖπνον τοῦ γάμου τοῦ ἀρνίου
Category: Church

The joyful banquet celebrating the consummated union (19:9), ironically contrasted with the carrion-birds’ ‘supper’ (19:17-18). δεῖπνον’s resonance with the Μυστικός Δείπνος (Last Supper) is an asset for Eucharist-eschaton continuity teaching.

Priests Corporate

Approved rendering: ιερείς
Transliteration: ieréis
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἱερεῖς
Category: Church

Believers corporately constituted as a priesthood mediating worship before God (1:6; 5:10; 20:6), echoing Exodus 19:6. Clarify this is a corporate, all-believers priesthood, distinct from ordained clergy (ιερέας).

Repentance

Approved rendering: μετάνοια
Transliteration: metánoia
Doctrine: Repentance and the Call to the Seven Churches
Original: μετανοέω / μετάνοια
Category: Perseverance

Repeated call throughout the seven letters (2:5,16,21-22; 3:3,19) and withheld by the unrepentant (9:20-21; 16:9,11). A rich, live Orthodox term tied to the sacrament of confession — largely an asset; keep its active, turn-toward-God sense.

Cowardly

Approved rendering: δειλοί
Transliteration: deilí
Doctrine: Perseverance and Faithful Witness under Persecution
Original: δειλοί
Category: Perseverance

CORE-PASSAGE TERM (21:8). Names apostasy-under-pressure, not ordinary fear — the negative counterpart to ‘the one who overcomes’ (v.7).

Sign Symbol

Approved rendering: σημείο
Transliteration: simeío
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σημαίνω / σημεῖον
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

The book’s self-declared symbolic mode of communication (1:1, ἐσήμανεν; also 12:1,3; 13:13-14; 15:1; 16:14; 19:20); grounds the Symbolic Interpretation doctrine textually, not as an interpretive imposition.

Beast

Approved rendering: θηρίο
Transliteration: thirío
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: θηρίον
Category: Sin

The book’s primary symbol for organized, empowered anti-God political-religious power (11:7; chs. 13, 17). Θηρίο is fully alive and appropriately menacing in Modern Greek; needs mainly a note on its symbolic, not zoological, referent.

Sexually Immoral Prostitute

Approved rendering: πόρνοι / η πόρνη η μεγάλη
Transliteration: pórni / i pórni i megáli
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: πόρνοι / ἡ πόρνη ἡ μεγάλη
Category: Sin

Sexual immorality both literally (21:8) and, personified as Babylon, symbolically as idolatrous political-religious compromise (chs. 17-18). The symbolic covenant-unfaithfulness sense is not automatically inferred and needs an explicit note.

Babylon Symbolic

Approved rendering: Βαβυλώνα
Transliteration: Vavylóna
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: ταύτιση με συγκεκριμένη σύγχρονη πολιτική οντότητα
Original: Βαβυλών
Category: Sin

Symbolic cipher for oppressive imperial power (understood in context as coded reference to Rome) and, typologically, any anti-God systemic power (14:8; 16:19; 17:5; 18:2,10,21). Teach without asserting a specific modern political identification.

Armageddon

Approved rendering: Αρμαγεδών
Transliteration: Armagedón
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: χρήση ως συνώνυμο κάθε καταστροφικού γεγονότος
Original: Ἁρμαγεδών
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Symbolic-geographic name for the final gathering of hostile powers (16:16). Modern colloquial use for ‘any disaster’ risks flattening the specific, symbolically freighted place-name.

Worthy

Approved rendering: άξιος
Transliteration: áxios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: ἄξιος
Category: Worship

The Lamb’s fitness to receive worship equal to God’s (4:11; 5:2,4,9,12). Modern Greek άξιος commonly denotes merit/competence (‘άξιος υπάλληλος’); the theological sense here is a far higher claim needing contextual reinforcement.

Trisagion

Approved rendering: Άγιος, άγιος, άγιος
Transliteration: Ágios, ágios, ágios
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἅγιος, ἅγιος, ἅγιος
Category: Worship

The unceasing heavenly declaration of God’s holiness (4:8), directly echoing Isaiah 6:3 and the wellspring of the Sanctus in every Divine Liturgy. Risk is over-familiarity displacing engagement with Revelation’s own dramatic narrative context, not misunderstanding.

Lukewarm

Approved rendering: χλιαρός
Transliteration: chliarós
Doctrine: Repentance and the Call to the Seven Churches

The Laodicean rebuke (3:16) — neither hot nor cold, half-hearted commitment. Transparent and proverbially alive in Modern Greek (‘χλιαρός καφές’), which actually reinforces rather than undermines the metaphor here.

Living Creatures

Approved rendering: τα (τέσσερα) ζώα
Transliteration: ta (téssera) zóa
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb

The four heavenly cherubim-like worship-leaders (4:6-9), modeling perpetual praise before the Lamb even appears. Modern ζώο defaults to ordinary ‘animal’; needs the same symbolic-referent gloss already applied to θηρίον.

Millennium

Approved rendering: χίλια χρόνια / χιλιετία
Transliteration: chília chrónia / chilietía
Doctrine: The Millennium
Rejected alternatives: προχιλιαστική / μεταχιλιαστική / αχιλιαστική ορολογία ως αν να ήταν καθιερωμένη λαϊκή γλώσσα

The debated period of Christ’s/the saints’ reign (20:1-7). χιλιετία carries an incidental, unrelated 20th-century political echo (‘Χιλιετές Ράιχ’) in Greek historical consciousness. Present accurately without adopting one specific millennial position and without importing this unrelated modern association; native Greek Orthodox theology (Andrew of Caesarea) leans non-literal/recapitulative.

Low Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: απόστολος
Transliteration: apóstolos
Doctrine: The Church as Bride of Christ

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Occurs at 2:2 (false apostles), 18:20, and 21:14 (the twelve foundations named for the apostles).

Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ευχαριστία
Transliteration: efcharistía
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Part of the fourfold heavenly doxology vocabulary (4:9; 7:12); keep the general gratitude sense distinct from the sacramental Eucharist reference.

Prophet

Approved rendering: προφήτης
Transliteration: profítis
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Applied to OT prophets (10:7; 22:9) and, negatively via the compound ψευδοπροφήτης, to the false prophet.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: προφητεία
Transliteration: profiteía
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Revelation repeatedly names itself ‘the words of this prophecy’ (1:3; 22:7,10,18-19), grounding its own claim to divine authority.

David

Approved rendering: Δαβίδ
Transliteration: Davíd
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Source of messianic titles applied to Christ (‘Root of David,’ 5:5; 22:16; ‘key of David,’ 3:7).

Heir

Approved rendering: κληρονόμος
Transliteration: klironómos
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil

Inherited from Romans package; reused exactly. Revelation 21:7 uses the verb κληρονομήσει (‘will inherit’) rather than the noun; see the new entry ‘inherit_verb’ for the verb-form rendering.

Jerusalem Above

Approved rendering: η άνω Ιερουσαλήμ
Transliteration: hē anō Ierousalēm
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth

Inherited from Galatians package; reused exactly as an established liturgical asset. Directly anticipates and should be cross-taught with Revelation’s own ‘new Jerusalem’ (see new_jerusalem entry, 3:12; 21:2).

Bind Satan

Approved rendering: δένω
Transliteration: déno
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: δέω / ἔδησεν
Category: Judgment

Satan’s decisive, though not yet final, restraint (20:2-3), anticipating his complete defeat (20:10); evil operates only within limits God sovereignly sets.

Tears Wiped Away

Approved rendering: εξαλείφω το δάκρυ
Transliteration: exaleífo to dákry
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ἐξαλείψει πᾶν δάκρυον
Category: Eschatology

Vivid, stable Modern Greek verb for erasure/elimination; convey total, not partial, removal (7:17; 21:4).

Inherit Verb

Approved rendering: κληρονομώ
Transliteration: klironomó
Doctrine: Assurance of God’s Final Victory over Evil

The overcomer’s grace-based reception of the new creation as an heir (21:7, κληρονομήσει), echoing the baseline κληρονόμος; reception by grace, not conquest-merit.

River Of Life

Approved rendering: ποταμός νερού της ζωής
Transliteration: potamós neroú tis zoís
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: ποταμὸς ὕδατος ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

Develops the πηγή (spring) image of 21:6 into a full river flowing from the throne (22:1); keep visually and lexically linked to 21:6 for teaching continuity.

Tree Of Life

Approved rendering: το ξύλο της ζωής
Transliteration: to xýlo tis zoís
Doctrine: The New Heaven and New Earth
Original: τὸ ξύλον τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Eschatology

Restores Edenic access lost in Genesis 3, now secured through Christ (22:2,14,19). ξύλον also names the Cross in Greek hymnography (‘το ξύλον του Σταυρού’) — a native typological asset worth teaching explicitly.

Alpha And Omega

Approved rendering: το Άλφα και το Ωμέγα
Transliteration: to Álfa kai to Omégа
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: τὸ Ἄλφα καὶ τὸ Ὦ
Category: God

Unique zero-gap asset: Α and Ω are the Modern Greek reader’s own alphabet’s first and last letters, requiring no transliteration (1:8; 21:6; 22:13). Foreground as a teaching asset.

Beginning And End

Approved rendering: η αρχή και το τέλος
Transliteration: i archí kai to télos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ἡ ἀρχὴ καὶ τὸ τέλος
Category: God

Restates the Alpha/Omega claim in ordinary vocabulary (21:6; 22:13); stable.

One Seated On Throne

Approved rendering: ο καθήμενος επί τω θρόνω
Transliteration: o kathímenos epí to thróno
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: ὁ καθήμενος ἐπὶ τῷ θρόνῳ
Category: God

Recurring divine title (4:2,9; 5:1,7; 20:11; 21:5); stable, doctrinally load-bearing.

Throne

Approved rendering: θρόνος
Transliteration: thrónos
Doctrine: The Sovereignty of God over History
Original: θρόνος
Category: God

Zero-gap, high-frequency term (chs. 4-22); the unshakeable center of the book’s cosmology from which every judgment and act of renewal flows.

Hallelujah

Approved rendering: Αλληλούια
Transliteration: Allilouía
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἀλληλούια
Category: Worship

Hebrew liturgical exclamation, untranslated already in the NT’s own Greek text, dominating chapter 19’s victory celebration (19:1,3,4,6); stable, requires no translation.

Amen

Approved rendering: Αμήν
Transliteration: Amín
Doctrine: Worship of the Lamb
Original: Ἀμήν
Category: Worship

Established liturgical loanword closing doxologies and the book itself (1:6-7; 3:14; 5:14; 7:12; 19:4; 22:20-21); reuse verbatim.

Satan Devil

Approved rendering: Σατανάς / διάβολος
Transliteration: Satanás / diávolos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: Σατανᾶς / διάβολος
Category: Sin

Identifies the dragon’s true identity (12:9; 20:2,7,10); stable, already established Greek Christian vocabulary.

False Prophet

Approved rendering: ψευδοπροφήτης
Transliteration: psevdoprofítis
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Sin

The second beast, completing the unholy triad opposing the Trinity (16:13; 19:20; 20:10); transparent compound reusing the baseline προφήτης root.

Idolaters

Approved rendering: ειδωλολάτρες
Transliteration: idololátres
Doctrine: Exclusive Worship of God/the Lamb versus Idolatry
Original: εἰδωλολάτραι
Category: Sin

Worshippers of false gods/images, excluded from the New Jerusalem (21:8; 22:15); stable, transparent compound.

Blasphemy

Approved rendering: βλασφημία
Transliteration: vlasfimía
Doctrine: Judgment and the Wrath of God
Original: βλασφημέω / βλασφημία
Category: Sin

Irreverent, contemptuous speech against God, persistent throughout the bowls sequence (13:1,5-6; 16:9,11,21; 17:3); stable, retains religious weight in Modern Greek.

Abyss

Approved rendering: άβυσσος
Transliteration: ávyssos
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan
Original: ἄβυσσος
Category: Sin

The subterranean prison of demonic forces, bounded by God’s sovereign permission (9:1-2,11; 11:7; 17:8; 20:1,3); fully alive and stable in Modern Greek.

Seal

Approved rendering: σφραγίδα / σφραγίζω
Transliteration: sfragída / sfragízo
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σφραγίς / σφραγίζω
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

A mark of ownership, authentication, or divinely-determined secrecy until the appointed time (5:1-9; 6:1ff; 7:2-8; 8:1; 9:4; 20:3; 22:10).

Trumpet

Approved rendering: σάλπιγγα
Transliteration: sálpinga
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Original: σάλπιγξ
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

A signal instrument for war, worship, or royal/divine announcement, structuring the second judgment sequence (1:10; 8:2-9:14; 11:15).

Bowl

Approved rendering: φιάλη
Transliteration: fiáli
Doctrine: Judgment and the Wrath of God
Original: φιάλη
Category: Symbolic Interpretation

Vessels containing the seven final plagues (15:7-16:21); Modern Greek φιάλη commonly denotes a bottle/gas cylinder in everyday usage, context sufficiently disambiguates.

Key Symbolic

Approved rendering: κλειδί
Transliteration: klidí
Doctrine: Deity and Sovereign Titles of Christ

Symbolic authority to open/shut, e.g. the key of David (3:7) and the key to the abyss (9:1; 20:1); stable, transparent.

Harvest Sickle

Approved rendering: θερισμός / δρεπάνι
Transliteration: therismós / drepáni
Doctrine: Judgment of the Wicked and Vindication of the Saints
Original: θερισμός / δρέπανον
Category: Judgment

Final judgment pictured as an inevitable, appointed harvest (14:14-20), echoing Joel 3:13; universally intelligible agrarian image.

Winepress

Approved rendering: ληνός / πατητήρι
Transliteration: linós / patitíri
Doctrine: Judgment and the Wrath of God
Original: ληνός
Category: Judgment

The winepress of God’s wrath, a vivid image of the crushing weight of divine judgment (14:19-20; 19:15); a live image in Greek viticultural life.

Blessed Refrain

Approved rendering: μακάριος
Transliteration: makários
Doctrine: Inspiration and Authority of Prophecy

The sevenfold ‘blessed’ refrain structuring the whole book (1:3; 14:13; 16:15; 19:9; 20:6; 22:7,14); stable and low-risk, but should be taught as a deliberate structural device spanning chs. 1-22, not isolated verses.

Gematria Isopsifia

Approved rendering: ισοψηφία
Transliteration: isopsifía
Doctrine: Symbolic and Apocalyptic Interpretation
Rejected alternatives: μεταγραφή του αγγλικού όρου ‘gematria’ ως δάνειας λέξης

Ancient Greek already possesses its own native technical term (ισοψηφία, letter-number equivalence) for the concept behind 13:18’s number-of-the-beast calculation; prefer this over importing the English scholarly loanword ‘gematria’ — an unforced, avoidable gap otherwise.

Abaddon Apollyon

Approved rendering: Αβαδδών / Απολλύων
Transliteration: Avaddón / Apollýon
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and the Defeat of Satan

The king of the demonic locust-army (9:11); the text itself performs its own internal translation (Hebrew name given, then glossed with its Greek meaning, ‘Destroyer’). Retain both forms; a built-in teaching asset.

Library content is free and openly licensed under CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 — share and adapt it for non-commercial use, with attribution to tri-bible.ai.