Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Jude (English → Modern Greek)

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across the entire book of Jude (1:1–25). Terms already present in the baseline Romans/Galatians translation_memory.json are marked [BASELINE REUSE] and must be rendered exactly as recorded there; no alternative rendering is permitted for these. Terms new to this Language Package are marked [NEW] and are proposed here as candidate entries for a future Jude-specific translation_memory.json update, subject to human theologian review per the risk tier assigned.

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s convention: Critical and High require human theologian review of every occurrence; Medium requires native speaker review; Low requires automated review only.

Glossary Table

#	English Term	Koine Original	Transliteration	Category / Doctrine	Risk	Modern Greek Rendering	Status	Key Note
1	salvation	σωτηρία	sōtēria	Salvation	Critical	σωτηρία	[BASELINE REUSE]	Zero lexical gap; guard against theosis-only collapse per baseline.
2	contend (for the faith)	ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι	epagōnizesthai	Contending for the Faith	Medium	αγωνίζομαι / επαγωνίζομαι	[NEW]	Athletic/agonistic root; anchor to doctrinal, not sporting, contest.
3	once for all	ἅπαξ	hapax	Contending for the Faith	Low-Medium	άπαξ	[NEW]	Stable formal word; low everyday frequency.
4	delivered (the faith)	παραδοθείσῃ	paradotheisē	Contending for the Faith	High	παραδοθείσα (η πίστη)	[NEW] — cross-ref baseline “traditions” (Medium)	Positive resonance with Ιερά Παράδοση; must convey a closed, completed act, not open tradition.
5	faith (the faith)	πίστις	pistis	Contending for the Faith	High	πίστη	[BASELINE REUSE]	Here = body of doctrine (fides quae), a distinct sense from trust-in-a-person; same word disambiguated by context only.
6	saints	ἅγιοι	hagioi	Contending for the Faith / Church	Critical	άγιοι	[BASELINE REUSE]	See baseline mandatory note on name-day/canonized-saint collision.
7	ungodly / ungodliness	ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια	asebeis / asebeia	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	Medium	ασεβείς / ασέβεια	[NEW]	Modern ασέβεια also covers generic disrespect; anchor to God-directed impiety.
8	grace	χάρις	charis	Grace / False Teachers	Critical	χάρη	[BASELINE REUSE]	v.4 is a live example of grace-corrupted-into-license; pair with baseline grace-vs-merit guardrail.
9	sensuality / licentiousness	ἀσέλγεια	aselgeia	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	Low-Medium	ασέλγεια	[NEW]	Stable, retains strong negative charge in formal/legal register.
10	Master / Sovereign	δεσπότης	despotēs	Christology / Lordship	Critical	δεσπότης	[NEW]	Unique Greek collision: colloquial modern title for an Orthodox bishop (“ο δεσπότης”). Mandatory translator note required.
11	Lord	κύριος	kyrios	Lordship of Christ	Critical	Κύριος	[BASELINE REUSE]	Never the flat “Mister” register; see baseline forbidden substitution.
12	deny	ἀρνέομαι	arneomai	False Teachers	Low	αρνούμαι	[NEW]	Stable, transparent.
13	destroy / destruction	ἀπόλλυμι	apollymi	Judgment	Medium	απώλεσε(ν) / απώλεια	[NEW]	Modern απώλεια is common for ordinary “loss”; anchor to final judicial destruction.
14	angel(s)	ἄγγελος	angelos	OT Warnings as Types	Low	άγγελοι	[NEW]	Culturally rich, an asset (Orthodox angelology/iconography).
15	keep / kept (guard, preserve)	τηρέω	tēreō	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	Critical	τηρώ / τηρημένος / τηρήσατε	[NEW — book’s central structural term]	Occurs vv.1, 6, 13, 21, 24 with both positive and negative polarity; risk of bureaucratic “maintain/observe” bleaching parallels baseline’s κλήση problem. Rendering MUST be consistent across every occurrence.
16	domain / position (own)	ἀρχή	archē	OT Warnings as Types	High	αρχή	[NEW]	Dominant modern sense is “beginning,” not “rank/domain”; mandatory gloss.
17	judgment	κρίσις	krisis	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	Critical	κρίση	[NEW]	Unique modern collision: dominant sense is “the [economic] crisis” post-2010; reinforce with “ημέρα κρίσεως” (Day of Judgment). Occurs vv.6, 9, 15.
18	eternal chains/bonds	δεσμοὶ ἀΐδιοι	desmoi aïdioi	OT Warnings as Types	Medium	δεσμά αιώνια	[NEW]	δεσμά also carries a warm “family bonds” sense; context should disambiguate.
19	Sodom and Gomorrah	Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα	Sodoma kai Gomorra	OT Warnings as Types	Low	Σόδομα και Γόμορρα	[NEW — proper name]	Stable, established Bible-translation form.
20	sexual immorality	ἐκπορνεύω	ekporneuō	OT Warnings as Types	Low	εκπορνεύθηκαν	[NEW]	Stable, forceful.
21	eternal fire	πῦρ αἰώνιον	pyr aiōnion	Judgment	Low	πυρ αιώνιο(ν)	[NEW]	Stable, weighty.
22	example (warning)	δεῖγμα	deigma	OT Warnings as Types	Medium	δείγμα	[NEW]	Modern default = commercial/clinical “sample”; needs “warning example” reinforcement.
23	flesh	σάρξ	sarx	Sin	Critical	σάρκα	[BASELINE REUSE]	Same body/soul dualism risk as baseline Galatians entry.
24	authority / dominion (lordship)	κυριότης	kyriotēs	False Teachers / Authority	High	κυριότητα	[NEW]	Modern standard sense = legal property ownership; needs gloss to mean “authority/lordship.”
25	glorious ones (celestial beings)	δόξαι	doxai	OT Warnings as Types	High	δόξες	[NEW — sense-shift from baseline “glory,” Medium]	Rare concrete sense (“dignities/angelic beings”); unglossed reads as abstract “glories/fame.” Mandatory note.
26	blaspheme	βλασφημέω	blasphēmeō	Sin / False Teachers	Medium	βλασφημώ	[NEW]	Colloquial weakening toward casual “swearing”; anchor to slander of the sacred.
27	Michael the archangel	Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος	Michaēl ho archangelos	OT Warnings as Types	Low	Μιχαήλ ο Αρχάγγελος	[NEW — proper name]	Cultural asset (Ταξιάρχης feast, high veneration).
28	disputing (legal contention)	διακρίνομαι	diakrinomai	OT Warnings as Types	High	διακρινόμενος	[NEW]	Homonym alert: same verb as #46 below with an unrelated meaning at v.22; do not conflate.
29	devil	διάβολος	diabolos	Sin	Low	διάβολος	[NEW]	Stable, standard.
30	rebuke	ἐπιτιμάω	epitimaō	OT Warnings as Types	Low	επιτιμήσαι	[NEW]	Stable formal verb.
31	corrupted / destroyed	φθείρω	phtheirō	Judgment	Low-Medium	φθείρονται	[NEW]	Stable; also used of material decay/spoilage.
32	way of Cain	ὁδὸς τοῦ Κάϊν	hodos tou Kaïn	OT Warnings as Types	Low-Medium	η οδός του Κάιν	[NEW — proper name]	Needs brief OT background gloss for full comprehension.
33	error of Balaam	πλάνη τοῦ Βαλαάμ	planē tou Balaam	OT Warnings as Types	Medium	η πλάνη του Βαλαάμ	[NEW]	πλάνη still common (“mistaken”); needs OT-reference gloss.
34	rebellion of Korah	ἀντιλογία τοῦ Κόρε	antilogia tou Korē	OT Warnings as Types	Medium	η αντιλογία του Κόρε	[NEW]	Modern αντιλογία understates armed insurrection against God-appointed authority.
35	hidden reefs / blemishes	σπιλάδες	spilades	False Teachers	High	σπιλάδες / σπίλοι	[NEW]	Obscure word + textual variant (reefs vs. stains); translator must choose and gloss.
36	feasting together	συνευωχέομαι	syneuōcheomai	False Teachers	Low-Medium	συνευωχούμενοι	[NEW]	Root ευωχία alive in formal register.
37	shepherding themselves	ποιμαίνω (reflexive)	poimainō	False Teachers	Medium	ποιμαίνοντας τους εαυτούς τους	[NEW]	Ironic inversion of the alive, positive clergy-title word ποιμένας; irony must be preserved.
38	wandering stars	ἀστέρες πλανῆται	asteres planētai	Judgment / False Teachers	High	αστέρες πλανήτες	[NEW]	Unique modern collision: πλανήτης now means “planet” (astronomical body); recover the navigational-metaphor sense with a note.
39	gloom of darkness	ζόφος τοῦ σκότους	zophos tou skotous	Judgment	Low-Medium	ζόφος του σκότους	[NEW]	Rare/literary register, not everyday speech; comprehension, not doctrine, risk.
40	prophesied	προφητεύω	prophēteuō	Fulfillment of Prophecy	Low	προφήτευσε	[BASELINE REUSE root]	Reuse baseline “prophecy” entry root.
41	Enoch (citation)	Ἐνώχ	Henōch	Inspiration of Scripture	Medium-High (framing)	Ενώχ	[NEW — proper name + canonicity note]	Cites material paralleling non-canonical 1 Enoch; requires careful inspiration-of-Scripture framing, not a lexical fix.
42	holy myriads	ἅγιαι μυριάδες	hagiai myriades	OT Warnings / Judgment	High	μυριάδες αγίων	[NEW — cross-ref baseline “saints,” Critical]	Likely refers to angelic hosts, not human saints; same Greek word (ἅγιος) as baseline’s Critical entry, different referent — mandatory disambiguating note.
43	grumblers	γογγυσταί	gongystai	False Teachers	Low-Medium	γογγυστές	[NEW]	Literary but transparent; echoes wilderness-generation typology.
44	malcontents	μεμψίμοιροι	mempsimoiroi	False Teachers	Low-Medium	μεμψίμοιροι	[NEW]	Rare/literary, occasionally used formally.
45	desires / lusts	ἐπιθυμία	epithymia	False Teachers	Medium	επιθυμίες	[NEW]	Modern default sense is neutral “wish”; needs contextual reinforcement toward sinful appetite.
46	wavering / doubting	διακρίνομαι (mid./pass.)	diakrinomai	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	Critical	διακρινόμενους	[NEW]	Sharpest reversal in the book: modern dominant sense is “to excel/distinguish oneself” (positive), inverting Jude’s “internally divided, doubting” sense. Also a homonym with #28’s unrelated “dispute” sense at v.9. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
47	bombastic words	ὑπέρογκα	hyperonka	False Teachers	Medium	υπέρογκα λόγια	[NEW]	Modern drift toward quantitative “excessive/exorbitant”; needs rhetorical-arrogance gloss.
48	flattering / partiality	θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα	thaumazontes prosōpa	False Teachers	Medium	κολακεύοντας για ίδιον όφελος (functional)	[NEW]	Literal Hebraic idiom does not map to natural Modern Greek; use functional partiality-language (cf. μεροληψία elsewhere in NT).
49	apostles	ἀπόστολος	apostolos	Apostleship	Low	απόστολοι	[BASELINE REUSE]	Stable and unambiguous.
50	last time(s)	ἔσχατος χρόνος	eschatos chronos	Eschatology	Low	έσχατος καιρός	[NEW]	Stable, well-established eschatological phrase.
51	mockers / scoffers	ἐμπαίκτης	empaiktēs	False Teachers	Low-Medium	εμπαίκτες	[NEW]	Rare/literary but recognizable root (παίζω).
52	those who cause divisions	ἀποδιορίζω	apodiorizō	False Teachers	Medium-High	διχαστές / αυτοί που προκαλούν διαιρέσεις	[NEW]	NT hapax legomenon; literal compound is unintelligible in Modern Greek — functional rendering required.
53	worldly / natural / soulish	ψυχικός	psychikos	Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers	Critical	ψυχικοί	[NEW]	Severe modern inversion: everyday Modern Greek ψυχικός is warmly positive (“kind-hearted, soulful”); Jude’s technical anthropological sense (merely natural, devoid of the Spirit) is the opposite. Mandatory explanatory note every occurrence; comparable in severity to baseline’s forbidden παιδαγωγός inversion.
54	spirit / Spirit (not having)	πνεῦμα	pneuma	Sanctification / Pneumatology	High	πνεύμα / Πνεύμα	[NEW — cross-ref baseline “Holy Spirit,” Critical]	Capitalization is the only disambiguation tool between human spirit and Holy Spirit; must be a deliberate, flagged translator decision.
55	building up	ἐποικοδομέω	epoikodomeō	Sanctification / Mutual Edification	Low-Medium	εποικοδομώντας / οικοδομώντας	[NEW — related to baseline “mutual_edification”]	Construction metaphor alive and vivid in Modern Greek; mark clearly as spiritual, not literal, building.
56	most holy faith	ἁγιωτάτη πίστις	hagiōtatē pistis	Contending for the Faith	Medium-High	αγιωτάτη πίστη	[NEW]	Superlative form (“Αγιώτατος”) is the standing Patriarchal/hierarchical honorific title in Orthodoxy; awareness note, not a forbidden substitution.
57	praying in the Spirit	προσεύχομαι ἐν πνεύματι ἁγίῳ	proseuchomai en pneumati hagiō	Prayer	Low	προσευχόμενοι εν Αγίω Πνεύματι	[NEW — προσεύχομαι; Πνεύμα reuse baseline]	Stable common verb; direct contrast with v.19’s πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες.
58	love of God	ἀγάπη θεοῦ	agapē theou	Kept by God	Low-Medium	αγάπη Θεού	[NEW — no dedicated baseline entry]	Genuine Modern Greek asset: distinct vocabulary for ἀγάπη vs. ἔρωτας/φιλία, unlike many pipeline languages.
59	mercy	ἔλεος	eleos	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	Medium-High	έλεος	[NEW — no dedicated baseline entry]	Major liturgical asset (“Κύριε, ελέησον”) but colloquial “τι έλεος!” (exasperated exclamation) must not bleed into reverent doctrinal use.
60	eternal life	ζωὴ αἰώνιος	zōē aiōnios	Kept by God	Low	ζωή αιώνια	[NEW — no dedicated baseline entry]	Fixed liturgical phrase, instantly recognizable (Creed, funeral rites); major asset.
61	save / rescue	σῴζω	sōzō	Salvation / Mercy	Critical	σῴζετε	[BASELINE REUSE root]	Reuse baseline σωτηρία root for verb form.
62	snatching	ἁρπάζω	harpazō	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	Medium	αρπάζοντας	[NEW]	Common verb also used for mundane “grabbing”; context (fire, rescue) should anchor urgency.
63	fear	φόβος	phobos	Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering	Low-Medium	φόβος	[NEW]	Ambiguous between reverent caution and ordinary anxiety; context-dependent.
64	defiled garment	ἐσπιλωμένος χιτών	espilōmenos chitōn	Sin	Low-Medium	μολυσμένος χιτώνας	[NEW]	χιτών is a somewhat archaic garment-word; recognizable but not everyday vocabulary.
65	servant / bond-servant	δοῦλος	doulos	Apostleship / Identity	Low-Medium	δούλος	[NEW]	Strong historical-slavery connotation in secular use; church register’s positive “bond-servant of the Master” sense is well established.
66	beloved	ἀγαπάω (perfect passive)	agapaō	Kept by God	Low	αγαπημένοι	[NEW]	Stable; see ἀγάπη asset note above.
67	called	κλητός	klētos	Divine Calling	High	κλητοί	[BASELINE REUSE]	No new drift risk beyond baseline’s documented κλήση/κλητός discussion.
68	peace	εἰρήνη	eirēnē	Peace with God	Medium	ειρήνη	[BASELINE REUSE]	Distinguish from Hesychast contemplative stillness per baseline.
69	able to keep/guard	φυλάσσω	phylassō	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	Low-Medium	φυλάξαι	[NEW — bound to τηρέω thread]	Near-synonym of τηρέω; keep as the same theological thread in translation, not a separate idea.
70	without stumbling	ἄπτωστος	aptōstos	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	Medium	άπτωστους	[NEW]	Rare/literary term; low everyday recognition, may need a more transparent gloss.
71	present blameless	ἄμωμος	amōmos	Kept by God and Presented Blameless	Medium-High	άμωμος(ους)	[NEW]	Deep liturgical resonance (funeral Psalter, Marian epithet); asset if framed to keep Jude’s corporate-believer point, not narrowed to a specialized/Marian sense.
72	exultation	ἀγαλλίασις	agalliasis	Doxology	Low	αγαλλίαση	[NEW]	Liturgical asset (Christmas/Easter hymnody).
73	Savior	σωτήρ	sōtēr	Doxology / Salvation	Low	Σωτήρας / Σωτήρ	[NEW — root shared with baseline σωτηρία]	Major asset, directly tied to σωτηρία (Critical).
74	majesty	μεγαλωσύνη	megalōsynē	Doxology	Low	μεγαλωσύνη	[NEW]	Stable, formal/liturgical.
75	dominion / might	κράτος	kratos	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	Critical	κράτος	[NEW]	Unique modern collision: dominant sense is “the State”/government. Requires deliberate anchoring to cosmic divine power, not political statehood.
76	authority	ἐξουσία	exousia	Doxology and God’s Preserving Power	Critical	εξουσία	[NEW]	Paired with κράτος, risks reading as “the state and the [political] authorities”; cross-ref baseline’s Romans 13 governing-authorities sensitivity.
77	ages / forever	αἰών	aiōn	Doxology	Low	αιώνες	[NEW]	Major liturgical asset (“εις τους αιώνας των αιώνων”).
78	Amen	ἀμήν	amēn	Doxology	Low	Αμήν	[BASELINE REUSE]	Established liturgical form.

Risk Tier Summary (This Book)

Tier	Count	Requires
Critical	12	Human theologian review of every occurrence
High	10	Human theologian review of every occurrence
Medium	28	Native speaker review
Low / Low-Medium	28	Automated or native-speaker spot review

Terms requiring immediate human theologian flagging in Phase 2, beyond those already flagged by the baseline (new to this book): τηρέω (keep, all occurrences), κρίσις/κρίση, δεσπότης, ψυχικός, διακρίνομαι (both senses — vv.9 and 22 — tracked separately), ἀστέρες πλανῆται, κράτος, ἐξουσία (in doxological pairing), δόξαι (v.8, concrete “glorious ones” sense), μυριάδες ἁγίων (v.14, angelic-host sense), παραδοθείσῃ (v.3).

Cross-references to baseline translation_memory.json (reused exactly, no new rendering): gospel-adjacent terms not applicable to Jude; grace (χάρη), faith (πίστη), saints (άγιοι), flesh (σάρκα), Lord (Κύριος), called (κλητός), peace (ειρήνη), Holy Spirit (Άγιο Πνεύμα), apostle (απόστολος), Amen (Αμήν), salvation/save (σωτηρία/σῴζω root), traditions (παραδόσεις, root cross-referenced for παραδοθείσῃ).

Critical Risk Terms

Salvation

Approved rendering: σωτηρία
Transliteration: sōtēria
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Jude 1:3 renders ‘our common salvation,’ the shared possession grounding the urgency of contending for the faith; verb form σῴζω recurs at 1:5, 1:23. Guard against collapsing entirely into the Orthodox theosis framework; Jude’s own use pairs it with decisive rescue and decisive judgment (ἀπόλλυμι), so the historical-rescue sense must remain visible.

Grace

Approved rendering: χάρη
Transliteration: chári
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: χάρη με την καθημερινή έννοια της γοητείας ή ομορφιάς, χάρη ως νομική/προεδρική χάρη (απονομή χάριτος)

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:4 is a live scriptural example of the very inversion the baseline warns against — false teachers turning God’s grace into a warrant for licentiousness (ἀσέλγεια). Pair explicitly with the baseline’s grace-versus-merit guardrail so the secular senses (charm, pardon) do not soften the accusation’s force.

Saints

Approved rendering: άγιοι
Transliteration: ágioi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: Άγιοι αποκλειστικά ως αγιοποιημένα, τιμώμενα πρόσωπα με ονομαστική εορτή

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:3: ‘the faith… entrusted to the saints’ — the corporate community of believers, not a specialized elite. See baseline’s mandatory-note discussion of the identical modern word for canonized, name-day saints; the same disambiguation is required here.

Holy

Approved rendering: άγιος
Transliteration: ágios
Doctrine: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root underlying ‘saints’ (v.3), ‘most holy faith’ (v.20, superlative ἁγιωτάτῃ), ‘praying in the Holy Spirit’ (v.20), and ‘holy myriads’ (v.14, angelic sense — see holy_myriads entry). Same word for the ordinary adjective and the title ‘Saint’; see baseline note.

Calling

Approved rendering: κλήση
Transliteration: klísi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: κλήση με την καθημερινή έννοια μιας τηλεφωνικής κλήσης ή δικαστικής κλήσης/κλήσης τροχαίας

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Underlies the participle κλητοῖς at Jude 1:1 (see ‘called’ entry below). Reactivate the theological weight of God’s sovereign summons against the dominant modern ‘phone call/traffic ticket’ sense.

Flesh

Approved rendering: σάρκα
Transliteration: sarx
Doctrine: Sin
Rejected alternatives: σάρκα αποκλειστικά με τη φιλοσοφική δυϊστική έννοια σώματος εναντίον ψυχής
Original: σάρκα (σάρξ)
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package, unchanged. Jude 1:8 (false teachers ‘defile the flesh’), 1:23 (‘the garment stained by the flesh’). Same conceptual risk as Galatians: guard against pure body/soul dualism, since Jude’s own vice-list (grumbling, flattery, arrogant speech) includes non-bodily sins.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Άγιο Πνεύμα
Transliteration: Ágio Pnévma
Doctrine: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:20, ‘praying in the Holy Spirit,’ directly contrasted with the false teachers of 1:19 who are πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες (‘not having [the] Spirit’). Capitalization is the only disambiguation tool between this occurrence and the human-spirit sense at 1:19; see spirit_not_having entry.

Father

Approved rendering: Πατέρας
Transliteration: Patéras
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:1: believers are ‘beloved in God the Father’ (ἐν θεῷ πατρὶ ἠγαπημένοις).

God

Approved rendering: Θεός
Transliteration: Theós
Doctrine: Deity of Christ

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Standard and unambiguous throughout Jude.

Jesus Christ

Approved rendering: Ιησούς Χριστός
Transliteration: Iisoús Christós
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ

Inherited from Romans package (Ιησούς) and the baseline’s own stated preference for Χριστός over the transliterated Μεσσίας. Standard combined NT form throughout Jude (1:1, 1:4, 1:17, 1:21, 1:25).

Master Sovereign

Approved rendering: δεσπότης
Transliteration: despotēs
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: δεσπότης αποκλειστικά με τη σύγχρονη καθημερινή έννοια του Ορθόδοξου επισκόπου (‘ο δεσπότης’), παράφραση/αποφυγή της λέξης δεσπότης, χάνοντας τη ρητορική σύζευξη με τον ‘κύριος’
Original: δεσπότην
Category: Christology

Jude 1:4. Unique-to-Greek risk: ‘ο δεσπότης’ is the standard colloquial title for an Orthodox bishop in everyday speech. Retain the word (Jude’s own, paired with κύριος for maximal emphasis) but attach a mandatory translator note anchoring it to Christ’s absolute ownership/mastery, never the episcopal office.

Lord

Approved rendering: Κύριος
Transliteration: Kýrios
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Κύριος με την καθημερινή έννοια της ευγενικής προσφώνησης ‘κύριε’ (αντίστοιχο του ‘Mr.’)

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:4 (paired with δεσπότης), 1:9 (Michael’s deferral: ‘Ἐπιτιμήσαι σοι κύριος’), 1:17, 1:21, 1:25. Never the flat ‘Mister’ register.

Keep Kept

Approved rendering: τηρώ / τηρημένος / τηρήσατε / τετήρηται
Transliteration: tēreō
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Rejected alternatives: τηρώ αποδιδόμενο με τη σύγχρονη γραφειοκρατική έννοια της τήρησης κανόνων/αρχείου, ασυνεπής απόδοση με διαφορετικά συνώνυμα (διατηρώ, κρατώ) σε διαφορετικά εδάφια, καταστρέφοντας το λογοτεχνικό νήμα
Original: τηρέω (τηρήσαντας, τετήρηκεν, τετήρηται, τηρημένοις, τηρήσατε)
Category: Kept by God and Presented Blameless

CRITICAL, book’s own structural word-thread: Jude 1:1 (τετηρημένοις, believers kept for Christ), 1:6 (angels who did NOT keep their position; God HAS kept them for judgment — opposite polarity in one verse), 1:13 (judgment ‘kept’ for wandering stars), 1:21 (imperative: keep yourselves). Sanctioned near-synonym: φυλάσσω at 1:24 (see able_to_keep_guard). MUST be rendered with the identical root at every occurrence or the letter’s own deliberate argument collapses.

Judgment

Approved rendering: κρίση
Transliteration: krisis
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: κρίση αποδιδόμενη με την κυρίαρχη σήμερα έννοια της οικονομικής/χρηματοπιστωτικής κρίσης, κρίση με την ιατρική/συναισθηματική έννοια (κρίση πανικού, επιληπτική κρίση)
Original: κρίσιν / κρίσις
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

CRITICAL, most acute secular-bleaching risk in this book: Jude 1:6, 1:9, 1:15. Reinforce with the fuller phrase ‘ημέρα κρίσεως’ (Day of Judgment) wherever possible; never leave the bare noun unglossed in doctrinal text.

Worldly Natural Soulish

Approved rendering: ψυχικοί
Transliteration: psychikoi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: ψυχικός αποδιδόμενος με τη σύγχρονη θερμή, θετική έννοια του ‘ψυχικός άνθρωπος’ (καλόκαρδος, γενναιόδωρος, ψυχική υγεία)
Original: ψυχικοί (ψυχικός)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:19. SEVEREST INVERSION RISK IN THIS BOOK: everyday Modern Greek ψυχικός is warmly commendatory; Jude’s technical Pauline-anthropology sense (merely natural, devoid of the Spirit; cf. 1 Corinthians 2:14, 15:44) is the precise opposite. Comparable in severity to the baseline’s forbidden παιδαγωγός inversion in Galatians. Mandatory explanatory note every single occurrence.

Wavering Doubting

Approved rendering: διακρινόμενους
Transliteration: diakrinomenous
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: διακρίνομαι αποδιδόμενο με την κυρίαρχη σήμερα θετική έννοια του ‘διακρίνομαι/ξεχωρίζω για τα προσόντα μου’ (π.χ. διακρίθηκε στις εξετάσεις), σύγχυση με την ασύνδετη νομική σημασία του ίδιου ρήματος στο εδάφιο 9
Original: διακρινομένους (διακρίνομαι)
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering

Jude 1:22. SHARPEST REVERSAL RISK IN THIS BOOK: modern διακρίνομαι is strongly positive (‘to excel/stand out’); Jude’s sense is internally divided, doubting, spiritually at risk — the opposite. Must be kept lexically distinct from disputing_legal (1:9). Mandatory explanatory note and human theologian review at every occurrence.

Save Rescue

Approved rendering: σῴζετε
Transliteration: sōzō
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: σῴζετε / σώσας (σῴζω)
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering

Inherits the baseline’s salvation/σωτηρία root exactly. Jude 1:5 (God’s rescue from Egypt) and 1:23 (the believer’s urgent duty to actively rescue the wavering). Keep verb and noun visibly connected across 1:3, 1:5, 1:23.

Dominion Might

Approved rendering: κράτος
Transliteration: kratos
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: κράτος αποδιδόμενο με την κυρίαρχη σήμερα πολιτική/διοικητική έννοια του ‘Κράτους’ (κυβέρνηση, έθνος-κράτος, ‘το Ελληνικό Κράτος’)
Original: κράτος
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:25. One of the most acute risks in this Language Package: unglossed, ascribing ‘κράτος’ to God alongside δόξα/μεγαλωσύνη/εξουσία risks sounding like a civic-political statement. Requires deliberate anchoring to God’s cosmic, absolute sovereignty, reinforced where possible by parallel Divine Liturgy doxological formulas.

Authority

Approved rendering: εξουσία
Transliteration: exousia
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: εξουσία αποδιδόμενη με τη σύγχρονη πολιτική έννοια των κυβερνητικών ‘αρχών/εξουσιών’ (βλ. ευαισθησία Ρωμαίους 13 στο βασικό πακέτο)
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:25. Compounds directly with κράτος: ‘κράτος καὶ ἐξουσία’ risks being heard as ‘the state and the [governing] authorities.’ Anchor explicitly to God’s cosmic, absolute sovereignty.

High Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: πίστη
Transliteration: písti
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: πίστη με τη γενική έννοια της αφοσίωσης σε οποιαδήποτε ιδέα ή πρόσωπο

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In Jude 1:3 and 1:20 the same word shifts to the objective body of revealed doctrine (fides quae) — ‘the faith once delivered,’ ‘your most holy faith’ — distinct from the usual personal-trust sense (fides qua); context alone disambiguates, since the Greek word is identical in both senses.

Called

Approved rendering: κλητός
Transliteration: klitós
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητοῖς (κλητός)
Category: Divine Calling

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:1 identifies the letter’s recipients as κλητοῖς — summoned by God’s own initiative, not their own. No new drift risk beyond the baseline’s documented κλήση/κλητός discussion.

Delivered The Faith

Approved rendering: η άπαξ παραδοθείσα πίστη
Transliteration: paradotheisē
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: παραδοθείσα ερμηνευμένη ως διαρκής, ανοιχτή, εξελισσόμενη Ιερά Παράδοση ισοδύναμη με τη Γραφή
Original: παραδοθείσῃ
Category: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered

Jude 1:3. Shares its root with Ιερά Παράδοση (‘Holy Tradition’), a maximally positive Orthodox category. Must convey a closed, completed, historically fixed act of transmission — not an endorsement of tradition as an open, co-equal authority-stream. Keep paired with άπαξ.

Domain Position

Approved rendering: αρχή
Transliteration: archē
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: αρχή αποδιδόμενη ως χρονική ‘αρχή/έναρξη’ αντί για βαθμό/αξίωμα/τάξη
Original: ἀρχήν
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:6. Modern Greek’s overwhelmingly dominant sense is ‘beginning’; the rarer sense ‘office/domain/rank’ is available but not the reader’s default. Mandatory gloss required, or the clause reads as near-meaningless.

Authority Dominion

Approved rendering: κυριότητα
Transliteration: kyriotēs
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: κυριότητα αποδιδόμενη με τη σύγχρονη νομική έννοια της ιδιοκτησίας ακινήτου (κυριότητα ακινήτου)
Original: κυριότητα (κυριότης)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:8. Mandatory gloss distinguishing spiritual/angelic authority from real-estate title law.

Glorious Ones

Approved rendering: δόξες
Transliteration: doxai
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: δόξες αποδιδόμενες αποκλειστικά με την αφηρημένη έννοια της φήμης/επιτυχίας
Original: δόξας (δόξα)
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:8. Rare, concrete NT sense (‘glorious/celestial beings’), sense-shifted from the abstract baseline ‘glory’ entry. Unglossed, ‘they blaspheme glories’ reads as near-nonsense. Mandatory explanatory note every occurrence.

Disputing Legal

Approved rendering: διακρινόμενος
Transliteration: diakrinomenos
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: σύγχυση με την ασύνδετη σημασία ‘κλονίζομαι/αμφιβάλλω’ του ίδιου ρήματος στο εδάφιο 22
Original: διακρινόμενος (διακρίνομαι)
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:9. Michael’s legal dispute with the devil over Moses’ body. HOMONYM ALERT: identical verb form to wavering_doubting (1:22) with a completely unrelated meaning. Track and gloss the two senses separately; never conflate.

Hidden Reefs Blemishes

Approved rendering: σπιλάδες
Transliteration: spilades
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: απόδοση χωρίς ρητή επιλογή γραφής (σπιλάδες vs. σπίλοι) και χωρίς επεξηγηματική σημείωση
Original: σπιλάδες
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:12. Virtually unknown in Modern Greek outside this verse; divided textual tradition (hidden reefs vs. stains/blemishes). This curriculum follows the ‘reefs’ reading as primary (coheres with the surrounding maritime imagery through v.13, matching TGV), flagging ‘stains’ as a legitimate alternate reading, per the translation landscape analysis.

Wandering Stars

Approved rendering: αστέρες πλανήτες
Transliteration: asteres planētai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: αστέρες πλανήτες αποδιδόμενοι με την αποκλειστική σύγχρονη αστρονομική έννοια του ‘πλανήτη’ (πλανητικό σώμα)
Original: ἀστέρες πλανῆται
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:13. UNIQUE MODERN COLLISION: πλανήτης today means exclusively ‘planet.’ Mandatory note recovering the original navigational metaphor — a star that fails to hold a fixed course, unlike the fixed stars sailors steer by — not a benign astronomical description.

Enoch Citation

Approved rendering: Ενώχ
Transliteration: Henōch
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: Ἑνώχ (Προεφήτευσεν … Ἑνὼχ)
Category: Inspiration of Scripture

Jude 1:14-15. Cites material paralleling the non-canonical book of 1 Enoch as authoritative prophetic testimony. Jude affirms the truthfulness of this specific statement without canonizing its source document (analogous to Paul citing pagan poets, Acts 17:28). Requires careful theological-note framing in curriculum text, not a lexical fix; no mainstream Greek Bible translation surveyed mishandles this doctrinally.

Holy Myriads

Approved rendering: μυριάδες αγίων
Transliteration: hagiais myriasin
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: μυριάδες αγίων ερμηνευμένο αποκλειστικά ως ανθρώπινοι πιστοί, ή ως αγιοποιημένοι άγιοι με ονομαστική εορτή, αντί για αγγελικά πλήθη
Original: ἁγίαις μυριάσιν
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:14. Identical Greek word (ἅγιος) as the Critical ‘saints’ entry, but here most plausibly refers to angelic hosts escorting the Lord at his coming. Mandatory disambiguating note distinguishing this from both 1:3’s corporate-believer sense and the canonized-saint cultural sense.

Spirit Not Having

Approved rendering: πνεύμα / Πνεύμα
Transliteration: pneuma mē echontes
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: μη τήρηση της διάκρισης πεζού/κεφαλαίου ανάμεσα σε ‘πνεύμα’ (ανθρώπινο) και ‘Πνεύμα’ (Άγιο Πνεύμα)
Original: πνεῦμα μὴ ἔχοντες
Category: Sanctification

Jude 1:19, contrasted with 1:20’s ‘praying in the Holy Spirit.’ Capitalization is the only available disambiguation tool between the human spirit and the Holy Spirit; this must be a deliberate, flagged translator decision.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: ειρήνη
Transliteration: eiríni
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ειρήνη με την ησυχαστική έννοια της εσωτερικής ή νοερής ησυχίας (μυστικιστική παράδοση)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Peace with God

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Part of Jude’s unusually rich threefold opening blessing (1:2): ‘mercy, peace, and love.’ Distinguish from the Hesychast contemplative-stillness sense per the baseline note.

Glory

Approved rendering: δόξα
Transliteration: dóxa
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: δόξα με τη σύγχρονη έννοια της φήμης ή επιτυχίας (π.χ. αθλητική δόξα)

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Used abstractly in the doxology (1:24-25, ‘στῆσαι κατενώπιον τῆς δόξης αὐτοῦ’ — ‘to present you before his glory’). Cross-reference glorious_ones below for Jude’s distinct concrete plural sense at 1:8.

Traditions

Approved rendering: παραδόσεις
Transliteration: paradoseis
Doctrine: Church

Inherited from Galatians package, unchanged. Root cross-referenced for delivered_the_faith (παραδοθείσῃ) below: παράδοση is a maximally positive Greek cultural/Orthodox category (Ιερά Παράδοση), which must not be allowed to reframe Jude’s closed, once-for-all deposit as an endorsement of open-ended tradition.

Contend For The Faith

Approved rendering: αγωνίζομαι / επαγωνίζομαι
Transliteration: epagōnizesthai
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Rejected alternatives: αγωνίζομαι αποδιδόμενο αμιγώς με αθλητική ή πολιτική έννοια, χωρίς ρητή αναφορά στην πίστη
Original: ἐπαγωνίζεσθαι
Category: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered

Jude 1:3. Athletic/agonistic root (ἀγών); vivid and alive in Modern Greek, but defaults to sport/political struggle. Always anchor with the explicit object ‘για την πίστη’ in the same clause.

Ungodly

Approved rendering: ασεβείς / ασέβεια
Transliteration: asebeis / asebeia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: ασέβεια με τη γενική καθημερινή έννοια της απλής αγένειας ή έλλειψης σεβασμού προς μεγαλυτέρους/παράδοση
Original: ἀσεβεῖς / ἀσέβεια
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:4, 1:15 (fourfold repetition), 1:18. Central identifying label for the false teachers. Anchor explicitly to God-directed impiety, not generic disrespect.

Sensuality

Approved rendering: ασέλγεια
Transliteration: aselgeia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:4. Stable, retains strong negative charge in formal/legal Modern Greek register; the practical outworking of corrupted grace.

Destroy Destruction

Approved rendering: απώλεσε(ν) / απώλεια
Transliteration: apollymi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: απώλεια αποδιδόμενη με την καθημερινή έννοια της απλής, μη-δικανικής απώλειας (π.χ. απώλεια βάρους, χαμένος αγώνας)
Original: ἀπώλεσεν / ἀπώλοντο (ἀπόλλυμι)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:5 (unbelieving Exodus generation), 1:11 (Korah’s rebels). Must clearly signal final, judicial destruction, directly paralleling σῴζω in the same verses.

Eternal Chains

Approved rendering: δεσμά αιώνια
Transliteration: desmoi aïdioi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: δεσμοῖς ἀϊδίοις
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:6. δεσμά also carries a warm modern sense (‘family/friendship bonds’); context of ζόφος (gloom) should disambiguate, but a brief gloss is prudent.

Example Warning

Approved rendering: δείγμα
Transliteration: deigma
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: δείγμα αποδιδόμενο με τη σύγχρονη εμπορική/κλινική έννοια του δείγματος προϊόντος ή ιατρικής εξέτασης
Original: δεῖγμα
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:7. Pair with ‘παράδειγμα προς αποφυγήν’ to reinforce the publicly displayed warning-example sense against the modern commercial ‘sample’ default.

Blaspheme

Approved rendering: βλασφημώ
Transliteration: blasphēmeō
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: βλασφημώ με την καθημερινή εξασθενημένη έννοια του απλού βρίσιμου/κατάρας
Original: βλασφημοῦσιν (βλασφημέω)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:8, 1:10. Anchor to slander of the sacred/celestial, contrasted with Michael’s restraint at 1:9.

Corrupted Destroyed

Approved rendering: φθείρονται
Transliteration: phtheirō
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: φθείρονται (φθείρω)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:10. Also used of material decay/spoilage (φθαρτός); transparent in context but register slightly literary.

Way Of Cain

Approved rendering: η οδός του Κάιν
Transliteration: hodos tou Kaïn
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ὁδῷ τοῦ Κάϊν
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:11. Proper name stable; requires a brief Old Testament background gloss (Genesis 4, envy leading to fratricide) for full comprehension.

Error Of Balaam

Approved rendering: η πλάνη του Βαλαάμ
Transliteration: planē tou Balaam
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: πλάνῃ τοῦ Βαλαάμ
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:11. πλάνη remains common (‘he is mistaken’); needs an OT-reference gloss (Numbers 22-24, 31 — prophecy corrupted by financial motive).

Rebellion Of Korah

Approved rendering: η αντιλογία του Κόρε
Transliteration: antilogia tou Korē
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Rejected alternatives: αντιλογία αποδιδόμενη ως απλή λεκτική αντίρρηση/διαφωνία, υποβαθμίζοντας την ένοπλη ανταρσία κατά της θεόσδοτης εξουσίας
Original: ἀντιλογίᾳ τοῦ Κόρε
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:11. Modern αντιλογία understates Korah’s actual armed insurrection (Numbers 16) against Moses’ and Aaron’s God-appointed authority; gloss required to convey the graver sense.

Shepherding Themselves

Approved rendering: ποιμαίνοντας τους εαυτούς τους
Transliteration: heautous poimainontes
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἑαυτοὺς ποιμαίνοντες (ποιμαίνω)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:12. ποιμένας (‘shepherd/pastor’) is a vivid, positive clergy-title word in Greek church life; the deliberate irony (self-shepherding = selfishness) must be preserved clearly.

Desires Lusts

Approved rendering: επιθυμίες
Transliteration: epithymia
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: επιθυμίες αποδιδόμενες με την ουδέτερη ή θετική καθημερινή έννοια της απλής ευχής
Original: ἐπιθυμίας (ἐπιθυμία)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:16, 1:18. Pair with ‘σαρκικές’ (fleshly) to force the negative, appetite-driven sense against the neutral modern default.

Bombastic Words

Approved rendering: υπέρογκα λόγια
Transliteration: hyperonka
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: υπέρογκα αποδιδόμενα αποκλειστικά με ποσοτική έννοια (υπέρογκο κόστος, υπερβολικό μέγεθος)
Original: ὑπέρογκα
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:16. Gloss with ‘αλαζονικά/καυχησιολογικά λόγια’ to reach the rhetorical-arrogance sense.

Flattering Partiality

Approved rendering: κολακεύοντας για ίδιον όφελος
Transliteration: thaumazontes prosōpa
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Rejected alternatives: κατά λέξη απόδοση ‘θαυμάζοντας πρόσωπα’, ακατανόητη στη σύγχρονη ελληνική
Original: θαυμάζοντες πρόσωπα
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:16. Hebraic idiom (‘admiring faces’) does not map to natural Modern Greek; use functional partiality-language (‘μεροληψία’), consistent with how προσωπολημψία is handled elsewhere in Greek Bible tradition.

Those Who Cause Divisions

Approved rendering: διχαστές / αυτοί που προκαλούν διαιρέσεις
Transliteration: apodiorizontes
Doctrine: Church
Rejected alternatives: κατά λέξη απόδοση του συνθέτου ‘αποδιορίζοντες’, ακατανόητη στη σύγχρονη ελληνική
Original: ἀποδιορίζοντες (ἀποδιορίζω)
Category: Church

Jude 1:19. NT hapax legomenon; the literal compound is virtually unused in Modern Greek. Functional rendering required rather than a literal cognate.

Most Holy Faith

Approved rendering: αγιωτάτη πίστη
Transliteration: hagiōtatē pistei
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἁγιωτάτῃ…πίστει
Category: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered

Jude 1:20. The superlative ‘Αγιώτατος’ is the standing honorific title for the Ecumenical Patriarch and senior hierarchs. Not a forbidden substitution, but flag for curriculum-writer awareness so framing does not accidentally suggest a clerical referent.

Mercy

Approved rendering: έλεος
Transliteration: eleos
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Rejected alternatives: έλεος αποδιδόμενο με την καθημερινή αποστροφική/σαρκαστική έννοια του ‘τι έλεος!’ (τι χάλι/καταστροφή)
Original: ἔλεος / ἐλεᾶτε (ἐλεέω)
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering

Jude 1:2, 1:21, 1:22-23 (twice). Major liturgical asset (‘Κύριε, ελέησον’); colloquial exasperated exclamation must not bleed into this reverent doctrinal use.

Snatching

Approved rendering: αρπάζοντας
Transliteration: harpazō
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: ἁρπάζοντες (ἁρπάζω)
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering

Jude 1:23. Common verb also used for mundane ‘grabbing’; the surrounding fire/rescue context should anchor the urgent sense.

Able To Keep Guard

Approved rendering: φυλάξαι
Transliteration: phylassō
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Rejected alternatives: φυλάξαι μεταχειρισμένο ως ασύνδετη, νέα έννοια αντί για το ίδιο θεολογικό νήμα του τηρέω
Original: δυναμένῳ φυλάξαι (φυλάσσω)
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:24. Jude’s own sanctioned near-synonym of the τηρέω-thread (see keep_kept); φυλάσσω remains vivid in Modern Greek (φύλακας = guard/watchman) — a genuine asset. Must be understood as the same theological thread, not a separate idea.

Without Stumbling

Approved rendering: άπτωστους
Transliteration: aptōstous
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀπτώστους (ἄπτωστος)
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:24. Rare/literary term, low everyday recognition; support with a transparent paired gloss (‘χωρίς να σκοντάψετε/πέσετε’) without weakening doctrinal force.

Present Blameless

Approved rendering: άμωμος(ους)
Transliteration: amōmous
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: στῆσαι…ἀμώμους
Category: Kept by God and Presented Blameless

Jude 1:24. Deep Orthodox liturgical resonance (funeral Psalter LXX 118/119, and Marian epithet ‘η Άμωμος’). An asset if curriculum framing preserves Jude’s own point: every believer, not a specialized or Marian-only figure, is presented blameless.

Low Risk Terms

Apostle

Approved rendering: απόστολος
Transliteration: apóstolos
Doctrine: Apostleship

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Jude 1:17 invokes ‘the words spoken beforehand by the apostles’ — the already-fulfilled apostolic prediction of the scoffers now present.

Amen

Approved rendering: Αμήν
Transliteration: amēn
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀμήν
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Inherited from Romans/Galatians package, unchanged. Closes the doxology at Jude 1:25; established liturgical form.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: προφητεία
Transliteration: profiteía
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy

Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Root underlying προεφήτευσεν at Jude 1:14 (Enoch’s prophecy); see enoch_citation entry.

Once For All

Approved rendering: άπαξ
Transliteration: hapax
Doctrine: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered
Original: ἅπαξ
Category: Contending for the Faith Once Delivered

Jude 1:3. Stable formal/literary word; low everyday frequency but transparent. Pair with ‘μία για παντός’ in explanatory prose on first occurrence.

Deny

Approved rendering: αρνούμαι
Transliteration: arneomai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἀρνούμενοι (ἀρνέομαι)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:4. Practical, behavioral denial of Christ’s lordship through immoral living, not necessarily verbal apostasy.

Angels

Approved rendering: άγγελοι
Transliteration: angeloi
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἀγγέλους
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:6. Culturally rich, a genuine asset (Orthodox angelology/iconography); ensure the specific rebellion-and-judgment narrative is not lost beneath generic veneration associations.

Sodom And Gomorrah

Approved rendering: Σόδομα και Γόμορρα
Transliteration: Sodoma kai Gomorra
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Σόδομα καὶ Γόμορρα
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:7. Stable, established Bible-translation proper names.

Sexual Immorality

Approved rendering: εκπορνεύθηκαν
Transliteration: ekporneuō
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἐκπορνεύσασαι (ἐκπορνεύω)
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:7. Stable, forceful, transparent.

Eternal Fire

Approved rendering: πυρ αιώνιο
Transliteration: pyr aiōnion
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: πυρὸς αἰωνίου
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:7. Stable and weighty; consistent with baseline’s Galatians curse/fire register.

Michael The Archangel

Approved rendering: Μιχαήλ ο Αρχάγγελος
Transliteration: Michaēl ho archangelos
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: Μιχαὴλ ὁ ἀρχάγγελος
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:9. Genuine cultural asset (Ταξιάρχης, feast Nov. 8). Present per mainstream Christian Christology as a created angelic being distinct from Christ; do not adopt the Watchtower identification of Michael with Christ (see 12_ai_translation_requirements.md escalation rules).

Devil

Approved rendering: διάβολος
Transliteration: diabolos
Doctrine: Sin
Original: διαβόλῳ (διάβολος)
Category: Sin

Jude 1:9. Stable, standard.

Rebuke

Approved rendering: επιτιμήσαι
Transliteration: epitimaō
Doctrine: Old Testament Warnings as Types
Original: ἐπιτιμήσαι (ἐπιτιμάω)
Category: Old Testament Warnings as Types

Jude 1:9. Michael defers even a deserved rebuke of the devil entirely to the Lord — a model of restraint the false teachers lack.

Feasting Together

Approved rendering: συνευωχούμενοι
Transliteration: syneuōcheomai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: συνευωχούμενοι (συνευωχέομαι)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:12. Root ευωχία (‘feast/banquet’) remains alive in formal Modern Greek.

Gloom Of Darkness

Approved rendering: ζόφος του σκότους
Transliteration: zophos tou skotous
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ζόφος τοῦ σκότους
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:13. Rare/literary register, understood but not everyday speech; comprehension risk only. Reuses τηρέω thread (‘has been reserved,’ τετήρηται) — see keep_kept.

Grumblers

Approved rendering: γογγυστές
Transliteration: gongystai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: γογγυσταί
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:16. Literary register but transparent; echoes the wilderness-generation typology of 1:5.

Malcontents

Approved rendering: μεμψίμοιροι
Transliteration: mempsimoiroi
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: μεμψίμοιροι
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:16. Rare/literary but still occasionally used in formal Modern Greek.

Last Times

Approved rendering: έσχατος καιρός
Transliteration: eschatos chronos
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ἐσχάτου χρόνου
Category: Fulfillment of Prophecy

Jude 1:18. Stable, well-established eschatological phrase.

Mockers Scoffers

Approved rendering: εμπαίκτες
Transliteration: empaiktai
Doctrine: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers
Original: ἐμπαῖκται (ἐμπαίκτης)
Category: Judgment on Ungodly False Teachers

Jude 1:18. Rare/literary but recognizable root (παίζω, ‘to play/mock’).

Building Up

Approved rendering: εποικοδομώντας / οικοδομώντας
Transliteration: epoikodomeō
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἐποικοδομοῦντες (ἐποικοδομέω)
Category: Sanctification

Jude 1:20. Construction root (οικοδομή) alive and vivid in Modern Greek; mark clearly as a spiritual, not literal, building metaphor.

Love Of God

Approved rendering: αγάπη Θεού
Transliteration: agapē theou
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἀγάπῃ θεοῦ
Category: Kept by God and Presented Blameless

Jude 1:21. Genuine Modern Greek asset: the language retains the NT’s own rich distinction (ἀγάπη vs. ἔρωτας/romantic love, φιλία/friendship-love), unlike many pipeline languages.

Eternal Life

Approved rendering: ζωή αιώνια
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ζωὴν αἰώνιον
Category: Kept by God and Presented Blameless

Jude 1:21. Fixed liturgical phrase, instantly recognizable (Creed, funeral rites); major asset.

Fear

Approved rendering: φόβος
Transliteration: phobos
Doctrine: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering
Original: φόβῳ (φόβος)
Category: Mercy and Rescue of the Wavering

Jude 1:23. Ambiguous between reverent/careful caution and ordinary anxiety; context should disambiguate.

Defiled Garment

Approved rendering: μολυσμένος χιτώνας
Transliteration: espilōmenon chitōna
Doctrine: Sin
Original: ἐσπιλωμένον χιτῶνα
Category: Sin

Jude 1:23. χιτών is a somewhat archaic garment-word, recognizable but not everyday vocabulary; shares the σπίλος root with hidden_reefs_blemishes (1:12).

Servant Bondservant

Approved rendering: δούλος
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Apostleship

Jude 1:1. Jude identifies himself this way rather than by blood-relation to Jesus. Strong historical-slavery connotation in secular use, but the church register’s positive ‘bond-servant of the Master’ sense is well established.

Beloved

Approved rendering: αγαπημένοι
Transliteration: ēgapēmenois
Doctrine: Kept by God and Presented Blameless
Original: ἠγαπημένοις (ἀγαπάω)
Category: Kept by God and Presented Blameless

Jude 1:1. Perfect passive participle: believers’ settled, ongoing identity as objects of God’s love, foundational before any exhortation follows.

Exultation

Approved rendering: αγαλλίαση
Transliteration: agalliasis
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: ἀγαλλιάσει (ἀγαλλίασις)
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:24. Genuine liturgical asset (Christmas/Easter hymnody vocabulary).

Savior

Approved rendering: Σωτήρας / Σωτήρ
Transliteration: sōtēr
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: σωτῆρι (σωτήρ)
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:25. Major asset, root shared with σωτηρία (Critical); reinforce as thematically continuous with 1:3’s ‘common salvation.‘

Majesty

Approved rendering: μεγαλωσύνη
Transliteration: megalōsynē
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: μεγαλωσύνη
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:25. Stable, formal/liturgical, well-established doxological attribute.

Ages Forever

Approved rendering: αιώνες
Transliteration: aiōnas
Doctrine: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power
Original: αἰῶνος / αἰῶνας (αἰών)
Category: Doxology and God’s Preserving Power

Jude 1:25. Major liturgical asset (‘εις τους αιώνας των αιώνων,’ a constantly repeated Orthodox doxological formula).

Referenced passages

JUD.1.1 JUD.1.21 JUD.1.24 JUD.1.4 JUD.1.8-10 JUD.1.14-16 JUD.1.18 JUD.1.22-23 JUD.1.24-25 JUD.1.3 JUD.1.20

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