Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English → Russian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all five chapters of 1 Peter, including the core passage (1:3-9). Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json / bible_term_registry.json are marked “Reused from baseline” and MUST be rendered exactly as recorded there — no alternative renderings are permitted for these. New terms introduced by this curriculum are marked “New — 1 Peter” and require the same enforcement rigor going forward once approved.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions:
- Critical — collides with a live, named theological controversy; human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — significant theological confusion or cultural/political sensitivity risk; human theologian review required.
- Medium — clarity/register risk; native speaker review recommended.
- Low — minor imprecision risk; automated review sufficient.
Core Passage Terms (1 Peter 1:3-9)
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Russian rendering | Status | Risk | Passages | Key risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Blessed (be God) | εὐλογητός (eulogētos) | Благословен | New — 1 Peter | Low | 1:3 | Standard shared liturgical formula; no collision |
| 2 | Father | πατήρ (patēr) | Отец | Reused from baseline | Medium | 1:3 | Never батюшка for God the Father |
| 3 | Mercy | ἔλεος (eleos) | милость | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:3, 1:10, 2:10 | Distinct from but adjacent to благодать/grace; must not be blurred with, or substituted for, the Critical grace term |
| 4 | Born again / new birth | ἀναγεννάω (anagennēsas / anagegennēmenoi) | возродил / новое рождение свыше | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 1:3, 1:23 | Directly intersects East-West controversy over the locus of regeneration (Word-and-resurrection-grounded here vs. sacramental/baptismal in Orthodox theology); must be taught explicitly, especially alongside 3:21 |
| 5 | Living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα (elpis zōsa) | живая надежда | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:3, 1:13, 1:21, 3:15 | Risk of flattening into generic secular optimism; must be anchored explicitly to the resurrection |
| 6 | Resurrection (of Jesus Christ) | ἀνάστασις (anastasis) | воскресение | Reused from baseline | Medium | 1:3 | Over-familiarity/liturgical-calendar flattening risk heightened in a hope-theology context |
| 7 | Inheritance | κληρονομία (klēronomia) | наследие / наследство | New — 1 Peter | High | 1:4 | Parallel to baseline’s “adoption” High-risk entry: post-Soviet orphanage culture risks reading inheritance as charity, not secured heir-right |
| 8 | Imperishable, undefiled, unfading | ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος | нетленное, неоскверненное, неувядающее | New — 1 Peter | Low | 1:4 | Standard descriptive triad, no collision |
| 9 | Power of God | δύναμις Θεοῦ (dynamis Theou) | сила Божия | Reused from baseline | Medium | 1:5 | Never энергия (Palamite technical term) |
| 10 | Faith | πίστις (pistis) | вера | Reused from baseline | High | 1:5, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, 5:9 | Risk of default to institutional/Orthodox-identity sense rather than personal Christ-directed trust |
| 11 | Salvation | σωτηρία (sōtēria) | спасение | Reused from baseline | Critical | 1:5, 1:9 | Must be anchored to Christ’s resurrection; already-secured-but-future framing in 1 Peter must not default into open-ended theosis process without explicit curricular framing |
| 12 | Various trials | ποικίλοι πειρασμοί (poikiloi peirasmoi) | различные испытания | New — 1 Peter | High | 1:6 | Risk of moralizing suffering as automatically meritorious (theosis-adjacent) rather than character-testing per the text’s own logic |
| 13 | Genuineness/proven character (of faith) | δοκίμιον (dokimion) | испытанность / подлинность (веры) | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:7 | Metallurgical proving-image must be retained, not flattened to “strength” |
| 14 | Glory | δόξα (doxa) | слава | Reused from baseline | Medium | 1:7, 1:8, 1:11, 4:13, 4:14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10 | Registerial flattening into casual exclamation risk |
| 15 | Revelation/appearing (of Jesus Christ) | ἀποκάλυψις (apokalypsis) | явление | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:7, 1:13 | Must not be confused with Marian/saint-apparition usage of явление in Orthodox popular piety |
| 16 | Inexpressible and glorified joy | χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος καὶ δεδοξασμένη | радость неизреченная и преславная | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:8 | Archaic Synodal register retained for citation; gloss plainly in exposition |
| 17 | Salvation of souls | σωτηρία ψυχῶν (sōtēria psychōn) | спасение душ | Reused/extended from baseline | Critical | 1:9 | ψυχή = whole-person life, not Greek-dualist soul-only; must not imply a body-denigrating salvation against 1 Peter’s bodily-resurrection hope |
Chapter 1 Terms (beyond 1:3-9)
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Russian rendering | Status | Risk | Passages | Key risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 18 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος (apostolos) | апостол | Reused from baseline | Medium | 1:1 | Closed historical office in Orthodox usage |
| 19 | Elect exiles / chosen sojourners | ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις | избранные пришельцы (странники) | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:1 | Diaspora/exile identity must stay spiritual, not literal-political |
| 20 | Diaspora / dispersion | διασπορά (diaspora) | рассеяние | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:1 | Avoid exclusively ethnic-Jewish-only reading |
| 21 | Foreknowledge | πρόγνωσις (prognōsis) | предведение / предузнание | New — 1 Peter | High | 1:2 | Election-adjacent; must not read as impersonal fate |
| 22 | Sanctification (of the Spirit) | ἁγιασμὸς Πνεύματος | освящение | Reused from baseline | Critical | 1:2 | Theosis-collision, per baseline |
| 23 | Sprinkling of the blood | ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος | окропление кровью | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:2 | Requires OT covenant-ratification background teaching |
| 24 | Grace | χάρις (charis) | благодать | Reused from baseline | Critical | 1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12 | Per baseline: never absorbed into sacramental-only framework |
| 25 | Peace | εἰρήνη (eirēnē) | мир | Reused from baseline | Medium | 1:2, 5:14 | Distinguish from “the world” and political-peace senses |
| 26 | Prophets | προφῆται (prophētai) | пророки | Reused from baseline | Low | 1:10-12 | Standard |
| 27 | Spirit of Christ | Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ | Дух Христов | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:11 | Must remain clearly Trinitarian, identical with Святой Дух |
| 28 | Hope | ἐλπίς (elpis) | надежда | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:13, 1:21, 3:15 | Risk of secular-optimism flattening |
| 29 | Obedience (children of) | ὑπακοή (hypakoē) | послушание (дети послушания) | Related to baseline’s “obedience_of_faith” | High | 1:14 | Must flow from new identity, not separate meritorious duty |
| 30 | Holy / be holy | ἅγιος / ἁγιάζω (hagios/hagiazō) | святой | Reused from baseline | High | 1:15-16 | Direct Torah citation; corporate-inclusive sense must be retained |
| 31 | Reverent fear | φόβος (phobos) | страх (благоговейный) | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:17 | Must be awe, not servile terror |
| 32 | Redeemed / ransomed | λυτρόω (elytrōthēte) | искуплены | New — 1 Peter | High | 1:18-19 | East-West framing difference: legal ransom vs. rescue-from-corruption; state curriculum’s framing explicitly |
| 33 | Futile way of life / conduct | ἀναστροφή (anastrophē) | поведение / образ жизни | New — 1 Peter (recurring keyword) | Low-Medium | 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1, 3:2, 3:16 | Standard, but track consistently as a book-wide keyword |
| 34 | Lamb without blemish or spot | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | агнец непорочный и чистый | New — 1 Peter | Low | 1:19 | Established sacrificial-Christological asset term |
| 35 | Foreknown (of Christ) | προγινώσκω (proegnōsmenou) | предназначенный / предузнанный | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 1:20 | Election-adjacent caution |
| 36 | Brotherly love | φιλαδελφία / ἀγάπη ἀδελφῶν ἀνυπόκριτος | братолюбие / нелицемерная братская любовь | New — 1 Peter | Low | 1:22 | Standard |
| 37 | Word of the Lord | ῥῆμα Κυρίου (rhēma Kyriou) | слово Господне | New — 1 Peter | Low | 1:24-25 | Standard OT-citation vocabulary |
Chapter 2 Terms
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Russian rendering | Status | Risk | Passages | Key risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 38 | Vice list (malice, deceit, hypocrisy, envy, slander) | κακία, δόλος, ὑποκρίσεις, φθόνοι, καταλαλιά | злоба, лукавство, лицемерие, зависть, злословие | New — 1 Peter | Low | 2:1 | Standard ethical vocabulary |
| 39 | Pure spiritual milk (of the word) | λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα | чистое словесное молоко | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:2 | λογικός must connect back to λόγος/word, not vague “spiritual” |
| 40 | Living stone | λίθος ζῶν (lithos zōn) | живой камень | New — 1 Peter | High | 2:4-8 | Temple-replacement logic may collide with building/храм-centered piety |
| 41 | Cornerstone / chosen precious stone | λίθος ἐκλεκτὸς ἔντιμος / ἀκρογωνιαῖος | избранный драгоценный камень / камень угла | New — 1 Peter | High | 2:6-7 | Same as above |
| 42 | Spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός (oikos pneumatikos) | духовный дом | New — 1 Peter | High | 2:5 | Same храм-centered collision risk |
| 43 | Holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον (hierateuma hagion) | священство святое | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 2:5 | Anchors “Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood” doctrine; see #44 |
| 44 | Royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (basileion hierateuma) | царственное священство | New — 1 Peter | CRITICAL | 2:9 | Live controversy: challenges Orthodox ordained-clergy/laity distinction (священство as exclusive clerical office); human theologian review required every occurrence |
| 45 | Chosen race / holy nation / people for God’s possession | γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν | род избранный, народ святой, люди, взятые в удел | New — 1 Peter | High | 2:9 | Titles transferred from Israel to Gentile church; must respect baseline’s “unity of Jews and Gentiles” caution |
| 46 | Received mercy | ἠλεημένοι (eleeō) | получившие милость | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:10 | See ἔλεος above |
| 47 | Aliens and strangers | πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι | пришельцы и странники | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:11 | Spiritual, not literal-political, identity |
| 48 | Day of visitation | ἐπισκοπή (episkopē) | день посещения | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:12 | Standard eschatological idiom |
| 49 | Submit / be subject | ὑποτάσσω (hypotassō) | покоряться / повиноваться / подчиняться | New — 1 Peter (recurring keyword) | High | 2:13-17, 2:18, 3:1, 5:5 | Politically loaded given Soviet/contemporary Russian state-authority associations; track consistently across all occurrences |
| 50 | Servants/slaves of God | δοῦλοι Θεοῦ (douloi Theou) | рабы Божии | New — 1 Peter | Low | 2:16 | Asset: established positive Orthodox devotional self-designation |
| 51 | Suffer unjustly | πάσχω ἀδίκως (paschō adikōs) | несправедливо страдать | New — 1 Peter (πάσχω recurring keyword) | High | 2:19-20 | Must not generalize into “all suffering is meritorious”; text’s own qualifiers matter |
| 52 | Example/pattern | ὑπογραμμός (hypogrammos) | пример / образец | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:21 | Retain active-imitation nuance, not mere comfort |
| 53 | Bore our sins on the tree | ἀναφέρω τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | вознес грехи наши на древо | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 2:24 | Core substitutionary-atonement statement; must not be softened |
| 54 | Healed | ἰάομαι (iaomai) | исцелились | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:24 | Distinguish from health-and-wealth physical-healing reading |
| 55 | Shepherd and Overseer | ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος | Пастырь и Блюститель | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 2:25 | Established Synodal choice of Блюститель (not епископ) for this Christological title must be retained |
Chapter 3 Terms
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Russian rendering | Status | Risk | Passages | Key risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 56 | Gentle and quiet spirit | πραΰ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα | кроткий и молчаливый дух | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 3:4 | Must not endorse enforced silence as a general virtue; disposition, not muzzling |
| 57 | Weaker vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος (asthenesteron skeuos) | сосуд слабейший | New — 1 Peter | High | 3:7 | Needs framing as protective honor, not spiritual/moral inferiority |
| 58 | Joint-heirs of the grace of life | συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς | сонаследники благодати жизни | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 3:7 | Combines inheritance-caution (#7) and grace-caution (Critical) |
| 59 | Suffering for righteousness’ sake | πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην (paschein dia dikaiosynēn) | страдать за праведность | New — 1 Peter | High | 3:14 | Names the curriculum’s core doctrine; combines праведность (High, baseline) and suffering-theology caution |
| 60 | Sanctify the Lord God (in your hearts) | ἁγιάσατε Κύριον τὸν Θεόν | святите Господа Бога | New — 1 Peter | High | 3:15 | Direction of action (believers honoring God as holy) must be kept clear against освящение’s baseline sense (God sanctifying believers) |
| 61 | Defense / answer (apologia) | ἀπολογία (apologia) | ответ / защита | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 3:15 | Frame as personal reasoned answer, not public campaigning, given legal/cultural caution around evangelism |
| 62 | Good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή (syneidēsis agathē) | добрая совесть | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 3:16, 3:21 | Standard; risk concentrated in 3:21 pairing with baptism |
| 63 | Righteous for the unrighteous (substitutionary suffering) | δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | праведный за неправедных | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 3:18 | Fullest substitutionary-atonement statement; must not be softened |
| 64 | Put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | умерщвлён по плоти, ожил духом | New — 1 Peter | High | 3:18 | Genuinely ambiguous Greek construction; record alternative rendering, flag for review |
| 65 | Spirits in prison | πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (pneumata en phylakē) | духи, находящиеся в темнице | New — 1 Peter | CRITICAL | 3:19 | Anchors “Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits” doctrine; directly engages the Orthodox liturgical doctrine of Christ’s Descent into Hades (Сошествие во ад), central to Holy Saturday worship; human theologian review required every occurrence |
| 66 | Proclaimed | κηρύσσω (ekēryxen) | проповедал / возвестил | New — 1 Peter | High | 3:19, 4:6 | Interpretively ambiguous (judgment vs. good news); tied to #65 |
| 67 | Ark / Noah | κιβωτός / Νῶε | ковчег / Ной | New — 1 Peter | Low | 3:20 | Standard OT proper nouns; needs narrative background support |
| 68 | Baptism | βάπτισμα (baptisma) | крещение | New — 1 Peter | CRITICAL | 3:21 | Central East-West fault line: baptismal regeneration (Orthodox) vs. symbolic-appeal reading; curriculum must state its position explicitly using the verse’s own qualifying clause; human theologian review required every occurrence |
| 69 | Antitype / corresponds to | ἀντίτυπον (antitypon) | образ / соответствующее (тому) | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 3:21 | Typological reasoning needs OT background support |
| 70 | Angels, authorities, powers subjected | ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων | ангелы и власти и силы, покорившиеся | New — 1 Peter | Medium-High | 3:22 | Resolves #65’s tension with triumphant Christ’s-Lordship assertion |
Chapter 4 Terms
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Russian rendering | Status | Risk | Passages | Key risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 71 | Ceased from sin | πέπαυται ἁμαρτίας | перестал грешить | New — 1 Peter | Low-Medium | 4:1 | Standard, reuses baseline грех |
| 72 | Vice catalogue (sensuality, drunkenness, idolatry) | ἀσέλγεια, ἐπιθυμία, οἰνοφλυγία, κῶμος, πότος, εἰδωλολατρία | распутство, похоти, пьянство, буйство, пирования, идолослужение | New — 1 Peter | Low | 4:3 | Standard ethical vocabulary |
| 73 | Gospel preached to the dead | εὐηγγελίσθη καὶ νεκροῖς | благовествовано было и мёртвым | New — 1 Peter | High | 4:6 | Tied to #65’s interpretive cluster; cross-reference required |
| 74 | Sober-minded / watchful | νήφω / γρηγορέω | трезвиться / бодрствовать | New — 1 Peter | Low | 4:7, 5:8 | Standard |
| 75 | Love covers a multitude of sins | ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν | любовь покрывает множество грехов | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 4:8 | Must not compete with or dilute Christ’s unique atoning work (#53, #63) |
| 76 | Gift / spiritual gift | χάρισμα (charisma) | духовные дары | Reused from baseline (spiritual_gifts) | Medium | 4:10 | Never экстрасенсорные способности |
| 77 | Manifold grace of God | ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ | многообразная благодать Божия | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 4:10 | благодать per baseline; literary echo of #12’s trials-vocabulary |
| 78 | Fiery trial | πύρωσις (pyrōsis) | огненное испытание | New — 1 Peter | High | 4:12 | Same suffering-theology caution as #12, #51 |
| 79 | Sharing/fellowship in Christ’s sufferings | κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν | общники страданий Христовых | New — 1 Peter | High | 4:13 | Resonant asset with Orthodox kenotic spirituality; must not imply added atoning merit alongside #53/#63 |
| 80 | As a Christian | ὡς Χριστιανός (hōs Christianos) | как христианин | New — 1 Peter | Low | 4:16 | Rare, significant NT term; standard rendering |
| 81 | Judgment begins at the house of God | κρίμα ἄρχεται ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ | суд начинается с дома Божия | New — 1 Peter | Medium-High | 4:17 | Tied to #42’s “spiritual house”/церковь-as-people caution |
| 82 | Faithful Creator | πιστῷ κτίστῃ (pistō ktistē) | верный Творец | New — 1 Peter | Low | 4:19 | Standard, rare NT title |
Chapter 5 Terms
| # | English term | Greek (transliteration) | Russian rendering | Status | Risk | Passages | Key risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 83 | Elders | πρεσβύτεροι (presbyteroi) | старейшины / пресвитеры | New — 1 Peter | High | 5:1 | Anchors “Elders and Humility” doctrine; пресвитер risks evoking Orthodox ordained-clerical rank rather than plural non-sacerdotal local leadership |
| 84 | Fellow elder | συμπρεσβύτερος (sympresbyteros) | сопастырь / собрат-пресвитер | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:1 | Same office-terminology caution as #83 |
| 85 | Shepherd the flock | ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον | паситe стадо Божие | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:2 | Standard pastoral imagery |
| 86 | Exercising oversight | ἐπισκοποῦντες (episkopountes) | надзирая | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:2 | Same office-terminology caution as #55, #83 |
| 87 | Not for shameful gain / not domineering | μὴ αἰσχροκερδῶς / μὴ κατακυριεύοντες | не для гнусной корысти / не властвуя | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:2-3 | Politically resonant власть/господство language; handle with same care as #49 |
| 88 | Examples to the flock | τύποι τοῦ ποιμνίου | образцы для стада | New — 1 Peter | Low | 5:3 | Standard |
| 89 | Chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην (archipoimēn) | Пастыреначальник | New — 1 Peter | Low | 5:4 | Established Synodal Christological title; asset |
| 90 | Crown of glory | στέφανος τῆς δόξης | венец славы | New — 1 Peter | Low-Medium | 5:4 | Standard, combines with баseline слава |
| 91 | Humility | ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω | смирение / смиритесь | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:5-6 | Rich positive Orthodox-virtue asset; ensure active-relational sense, not passive fatalism |
| 92 | God gives grace to the humble, opposes the proud | ὁ Θεὸς ταπεινοῖς δίδωσιν χάριν, ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται | Бог смиренным дает благодать, а гордым противится | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 5:5 | благодать per baseline; direct Proverbs 3:34 citation, retain Synodal phrasing |
| 93 | Anxiety / care | μέριμνα (merimna) | забота / попечение | New — 1 Peter | Low | 5:7 | Standard |
| 94 | Adversary, devil, roaring lion | ἀντίδικος, διάβολος, λέων ὠρυόμενος | противник, диавол, рыкающий лев | New — 1 Peter | Low-Medium | 5:8 | Standard shared demonological vocabulary |
| 95 | Resist, firm in the faith | ἀντίστητε στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει | противостойте твердые верою | New — 1 Peter | High | 5:9 | вера per baseline |
| 96 | Brotherhood | ἀδελφότης (adelphotēs) | братство | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:9 | Distinguish familial sense from Soviet-collective коллектив per baseline caution on fellowship |
| 97 | God of all grace | ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος | Бог всякой благодати | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 5:10 | благодать per baseline |
| 98 | Called to eternal glory | καλέσας εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν | призвавший к вечной Своей славе | New — 1 Peter | High | 5:10 | Combines призванный (High, baseline) and слава (Medium, baseline) |
| 99 | Restore, confirm, strengthen, establish | καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει | устроит, утвердит, укрепит, обоснует | New — 1 Peter | Medium | 5:10 | Standard, strong pastoral-assurance vocabulary |
| 100 | True grace of God | ἀληθῆ χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ | истинная благодать Божия | New — 1 Peter | Critical | 5:12 | благодать per baseline |
| 101 | Kiss of love | φίλημα ἀγάπης (philēma agapēs) | целование любви | New — 1 Peter | Low | 5:14 | Established Bible-register idiom |
Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count (new terms, this glossary) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 11 | New birth/regeneration; royal priesthood; substitutionary suffering (2:24, 3:18); spirits in prison; baptism; salvation of souls; sanctification-of-Spirit (reused); grace-family occurrences (reused, multiple) |
| High | 22 | Includes submission-to-authority (recurring), suffering-for-righteousness, elders, redeemed/ransomed, inheritance, living stone/spiritual house, foreknowledge, weaker vessel, obedience |
| Medium | 44 | Majority of newly identified 1 Peter-specific vocabulary |
| Low | 24 | Standard, low-collision vocabulary |
Reused baseline terms enforced without modification: Отец, милость (new but related), благодать, вера, спасение, слава, воскресение, апостол, святой, праведность, грех, мир, пророки, духовные дары, призванный/призвание family.
New terms requiring theologian review before Phase 2 (Critical tier): ἀναγεννάω (new birth), βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα (royal priesthood), ἀναφέρω…ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον / δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων (substitutionary suffering), πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ (spirits in prison), βάπτισμα (baptism, 3:21).
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json for 1 Peter before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the baseline’s Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Bog
Doctrine: God
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter also invoked as impartial Judge (1:17) and faithful Creator (4:19); referent must remain vivid and personal, not flattened into secular exclamatory idiom.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святой Дух
Transliteration: Svyatoy Dukh
Doctrine: Sanctification / Trinity
Rejected alternatives: дух (alone), энергия
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / Πνεῦμα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. In 1 Peter active in sanctifying believers (1:2), inspiring the prophets (1:11-12), and disputedly present in 3:18’s ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι — exposition must clarify referent at each disputed occurrence and never let дух stand alone for this Person.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Иисус
Transliteration: Iisus
Doctrine: Christology
Rejected alternatives: Исус
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Never the Old Believer spelling Исус.
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blagodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: милость, дар, удача, везение
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package exactly. Used repeatedly as 1 Peter’s summary term for God’s gift in Christ (1:2, 1:10, 1:13, 3:7, 4:10, 5:5, 5:10, 5:12); must never be silently absorbed into a sacramental-transformation-only framework. Distinct from, and must not be blurred with, the related new term милость/mercy (see ‘mercy’ below).
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасение
Transliteration: spaseniye
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: избавление, освобождение
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter’s explicit future framing (‘ready to be revealed,’ 1:5) presents salvation as already-secured-but-not-yet-revealed; state the curriculum’s own position rather than let this futurity default into an open-ended theosis process.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: освящение
Transliteration: osvyashcheniye
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: обожение, очищение
Original: ἁγιασμὸς Πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package exactly, including its Critical theosis-collision caution, applied here to 1 Peter 1:2’s ‘sanctification of the Spirit.‘
New Birth
Approved rendering: возродил (нас) / новое рождение (свыше)
Transliteration: vozrodil / novoye rozhdeniye (svyshe)
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: крещение (never as sole/exclusive cause or as if synonymous)
Original: ἀναγεννάω (ἀναγεννήσας / ἀναγεγεννημένοι)
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL. Directly intersects the East-West controversy over the locus of regeneration. Orthodox sacramental theology ties new birth closely to baptism/chrismation; 1 Peter itself grounds new birth in God’s mercy and Christ’s resurrection (1:3) and in the living, abiding word of God (1:23), introducing baptism only later (3:21) with its own qualifier. Curriculum must state its Word-and-resurrection grounding explicitly without denying or silently collapsing into an exclusively sacramental reading.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: живая надежда
Transliteration: zhivaya nadezhda
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: оптимизм, оптимистичное ожидание
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
Fixed collocation; core-passage doctrinal anchor term (1:3, echoed 1:13, 1:21, 3:15). Must never be split or softened to generic optimism; always co-locate with воскресение (Иисуса) Христа in the same clause so its ground is never left implicit.
Salvation Of Souls
Approved rendering: спасение душ
Transliteration: spaseniye dush
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: спасение (тела) — never imply the body is excluded
Original: σωτηρίαν ψυχῶν
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:9. ψυχή denotes whole-person life/self (Hebraic sense), not a Greek-dualist soul detached from the body; must not imply a body-denigrating, soul-only salvation against 1 Peter’s bodily-resurrection-anchored hope (1:3).
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: священство святое
Transliteration: svyashchenstvo svyatoye
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:5. Doctrinal anchor, together with ‘royal priesthood,’ for this curriculum’s named doctrine. See royal_priesthood for the full controversy statement.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: царственное священство
Transliteration: tsarstvennoye svyashchenstvo
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: духовенство (never as a synonym — refers only to ordained clergy)
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
CRITICAL, LIVE CONTROVERSY. 1 Peter 2:9, citing Exodus 19:6. Orthodox (and Catholic) ecclesiology maintains a sharply distinguished, sacramentally-ordained priesthood (священство/духовенство) set apart from the laity (миряне); this text applies priestly identity to the entire believing community. Must be taught explicitly as this curriculum’s doctrinal claim, never assumed uncontroversial. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
Bore Sins On Tree
Approved rendering: грехи наши Он Сам вознес на древо (телом Своим)
Transliteration: grekhi nashi On Sam voznes na drevo (telom Svoim)
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: взял на Себя (too vague, loses altar/curse-bearing imagery)
Original: ἀνήνεγκεν τὰς ἁμαρτίας … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 2:24. Core statement of substitutionary suffering, combining sacrificial-offering (ἀναφέρω) and Deuteronomy 21:23 curse-bearing (ξύλον) imagery. Must be preserved without softening.
Righteous For Unrighteous
Approved rendering: праведный за неправедных пострадал за грехи
Transliteration: pravednyy za nepravednykh postradal za grekhi
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: праведный ради неправедных (weakens ὑπέρ’s substitutionary force)
Original: δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων ἔπαθεν περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 3:18. The letter’s fullest single substitutionary-atonement statement; ὑπέρ = ‘on behalf of, in place of.’ Must be preserved without softening; opens the ‘spirits in prison’/baptism pericope, so this Critical rating carries forward into 3:19-22’s exposition.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: духи, находящиеся в темнице
Transliteration: dukhi, nakhodyashchiyesya v temnitse
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύματα ἐν φυλακῇ
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL. 1 Peter 3:19. A primary biblical anchor-text for the Orthodox liturgical doctrine of Christ’s Descent into Hades (Сошествие Христа во ад), central to Holy Saturday (Великая Субботa) worship and beloved in Orthodox iconography/hymnody. Curriculum must state its own interpretive stance explicitly (fallen angels / Noah’s generation / broader Hades-descent proclamation) and engage the Orthodox tradition pastorally, never silently bypass or contradict it without comment. Human theologian review required every occurrence.
Baptism
Approved rendering: крещение
Transliteration: kreshcheniye
Doctrine: Baptism as a Saving Appeal to God
Rejected alternatives: омовение плоти (never present as the verse’s own point, since the verse itself denies this)
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Sacramental Theology
CRITICAL. 1 Peter 3:21. Sits directly on Russian’s central East-West fault line. Orthodox sacramental theology reads ‘baptism now saves you’ in continuity with baptismal regeneration; many Protestant/evangelical readers foreground the verse’s own qualifying clause (‘not a removal of dirt from the body, but an appeal to God for a good conscience’) as evidence Peter speaks of the inward reality symbolized by baptism. Curriculum must state its own position explicitly using the verse’s own qualifier as the interpretive key. Human theologian review required every occurrence.
Manifold Grace
Approved rendering: многообразная (различная) благодать Божия
Transliteration: mnogoobraznaya (razlichnaya) blagodat’ Bozhiya
Doctrine: Grace / Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 4:10. благодать per baseline Critical rating; deliberate literary echo of 1:6’s ‘various trials’ (ποικίλοις), turning the same ‘varied’ adjective from a suffering-word into a grace-word.
Grace To Humble
Approved rendering: Бог смиренным дает благодать, а гордым противится
Transliteration: Bog smirennym dayet blagodat’, a gordym protivitsya
Doctrine: Grace / Elders and Humility
Original: ὁ Θεὸς ταπεινοῖς δίδωσιν χάριν, ὑπερηφάνοις ἀντιτάσσεται
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 5:5, citing Proverbs 3:34. благодать per baseline Critical rating; direct citation-text should follow established Synodal phrasing exactly.
True Grace Of God
Approved rendering: истинная благодать Божия
Transliteration: istinnaya blagodat’ Bozhiya
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἀληθῆ χάριν τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 5:12. Peter’s closing authentication of the letter’s teaching as genuinely reflecting God’s grace; благодать per baseline Critical rating.
High Risk Terms
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Gospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хозяин, владыка
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. 1 Peter 3:15 ‘sanctify Christ as Lord’ requires the same personal, decisive confessional force established for Romans 10:9, not a merely liturgical/creedal recitation register.
Messiah Christ
Approved rendering: Мессия / Христос
Transliteration: Messiya / Khristos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: спаситель мира (as stand-alone substitute)
Inherited from Romans package. Христос functions as Jesus’ effective surname in ordinary Russian usage; 1 Peter 1:11 (‘Spirit of Christ’ searching the sufferings and glories to come) is an occasion to re-surface the title’s Jewish messianic-fulfillment meaning, which ordinary usage has worn smooth.
Faith
Approved rendering: вера
Transliteration: vera
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: доверие, убеждение
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter, faith is the means by which believers are guarded unto salvation (1:5) and by which they resist the adversary (5:9), extending the baseline’s justification-context caution into a suffering-and-perseverance context.
Holy
Approved rendering: святой
Transliteration: svyatoy
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct / Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: чистый, непорочный
Original: ἅγιος / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:15-16 directly cites Leviticus 11:44/19:2 and clusters densely with ‘holy priesthood’ (2:5) and ‘holy nation’ (2:9); corporate-inclusive sense (all believers, not a canonized elite) must be retained at every occurrence.
Election
Approved rendering: избрание
Transliteration: izbraniye
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election
Rejected alternatives: судьба, рок, предопределение (only with explicit qualification)
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter’s ‘elect exiles’ (1:1) and ‘chosen race’ (2:9) identity language; must not drift toward судьба/рок.
Sin
Approved rendering: грех
Transliteration: grekh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability / Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: ошибка, проступок
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter uses this both for the readers’ pre-conversion vice (2:1, 4:3) and for the sins Christ bore (2:24).
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: послушание вере
Transliteration: poslushaniye vere
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: религиозный долг, соблюдение обрядов
Inherited from Romans package; conceptually extended in 1 Peter 1:14, 1:22 by the letter-specific term ‘obedience’ (see below).
Inheritance
Approved rendering: наследие / наследство
Transliteration: naslediye / nasledstvo
Doctrine: Inheritance of Believers
Rejected alternatives: дар (too weak), имущество
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
New term, parallel to baseline’s High-risk ‘adoption’ entry. Post-Soviet orphanage (детский дом) culture risks reading inheritance as charity toward the unwanted rather than secured, guaranteed heir-right; always pair with ‘imperishable, undefiled, unfading’ (1:4) and ‘kept in heaven’ language.
Various Trials
Approved rendering: различные испытания
Transliteration: razlichnyye ispytaniya
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: наказания, несчастья
Original: ποικίλοι πειρασμοί
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 1:6. Must be kept distinct from an Orthodox devotional tendency to treat suffering as automatically meritorious/purifying (theosis-adjacent); the text’s own logic — testing that proves genuineness of faith, not earns merit — must be stated explicitly. Echoed positively at 4:10 (‘manifold grace’).
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: предведение / предузнание
Transliteration: predvedeniye / predyznaniye
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election
Rejected alternatives: судьба, рок, предопределение (only with explicit qualification)
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:2. Grounds election in God’s prior, sovereign, personal knowledge; must not be read as impersonal fate.
Obedience
Approved rendering: послушание (дети послушания)
Transliteration: poslushaniye (deti poslushaniya)
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: религиозный долг, соблюдение обрядов
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 1:14, 1:22. Extends baseline’s ‘obedience_of_faith’ entry; must flow from new birth/identity, not stand as a separate meritorious duty or ritual observance stacked alongside faith.
Redeemed Ransomed
Approved rendering: искуплены
Transliteration: iskupleny
Doctrine: Redemption by the Precious Blood of Christ
Rejected alternatives: освобождены (loses ransom-price sense), спасены (too generic here)
Original: ἐλυτρώθητε (λυτρόω)
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 1:18-19. Western atonement theology frames this as a legal ransom-price satisfying justice; Orthodox theology frames redemption more as rescue/liberation from death and corruption (theosis-adjacent). Curriculum must state its own framing explicitly rather than assume either by default.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: живой камень / избранный, драгоценный камень / камень угла
Transliteration: zhivoy kamen’ / izbrannyy, dragotsennyy kamen’ / kamen’ ugla
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: строительный камень (loses living/vindicated-identity sense)
Original: λίθος ζῶν / λίθος ἐκλεκτὸς ἔντιμος / ἀκρογωνιαῖος
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:4-8. Temple-replacement logic (believers, not a physical building, as God’s house) can collide with building/храм-centered piety common in Russian religious culture; must be framed as Christ’s own vindicated identity and the church’s corporate identity, not devaluation of physical worship spaces.
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: духовный дом
Transliteration: dukhovnyy dom
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: храм (never substitute)
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:5. Same храм-centered collision risk as ‘living stone’; should be explicitly distinguished from церковь-as-building.
Chosen People Titles
Approved rendering: род избранный, народ святой, люди, взятые в удел
Transliteration: rod izbrannyy, narod svyatoy, lyudi, vzyatyye v udel
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election / Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:9, citing Exodus 19:6, Isaiah 43:20-21. Covenant-people titles originally Israel’s, here transferred to the Gentile-majority church; must not be read as displacing Israel, consistent with the baseline’s Romans 9-11 principles.
Submission
Approved rendering: покоряться / повиноваться / подчиняться
Transliteration: pokoryat’sya / povinovat’sya / podchinyat’sya
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: слушаться (too weak, childlike-only register)
Original: ὑποτάσσω (ὑποτάγητε)
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 2:13-17 (civil authorities), 2:18 (servants/masters), 3:1 (wives/husbands), 5:5 (younger/elders). Politically and culturally loaded given Soviet-era compelled state loyalty and contemporary church-state sensitivities; always retain the text’s own motive clause ‘ради Господа’ (2:13); never present as an unqualified, self-justifying command.
Suffer Unjustly
Approved rendering: несправедливо страдать
Transliteration: nespravedlivo stradat’
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: страдать (never leave unqualified)
Original: πάσχω ἀδίκως
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 2:19-20. Must be distinguished from an Orthodox devotional tendency to treat all suffering as automatically redemptive/meritorious; the text’s own qualifier — suffering unjustly, for conscience toward God — must be retained precisely.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: сосуд слабейший (немощнейший)
Transliteration: sosud slabeyshiy (nemoshcheyshiy)
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor
Rejected alternatives: неполноценный сосуд (never imply moral/spiritual inferiority)
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:7. Requires careful teaching framing as a call to husbands’ honoring protectiveness, not a statement of wives’ spiritual or moral inferiority; immediate co-heirship qualifier establishes full equality.
Suffering For Righteousness
Approved rendering: страдать за праведность
Transliteration: stradat’ za pravednost’
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: страдать (never leave the qualifying phrase off)
Original: πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 3:14. Direct naming of the curriculum’s core doctrine; combines праведность’s baseline High-risk bias (achieved-virtue reading) with the suffering-theology caution against automatic meritoriousness.
Sanctify The Lord In Hearts
Approved rendering: святите Господа Бога в сердцах ваших
Transliteration: svyatite Gospoda Boga v serdtsakh vashikh
Doctrine: Christian Witness Under Pressure
Original: ἁγιάσατε Κύριον τὸν Θεόν
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 3:15, echoing Isaiah 8:13. Reflexive direction of action (believers honoring/reverencing God as holy) must be kept clear against освящение’s usual baseline sense (God sanctifying believers).
Put To Death Flesh Alive Spirit
Approved rendering: умерщвлён по плоти, но ожил духом
Transliteration: umershchvlyon po ploti, no ozhil dukhom
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: умерщвлён телесно, но ожил Духом Святым (resolves ambiguity prematurely)
Original: θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:18. Genuinely ambiguous Greek construction (sphere vs. agency; Holy Spirit vs. Christ’s own spirit vs. resurrected mode of existence). Curriculum must choose a rendering fitting its own doctrinal exposition and record the alternative per the ambiguity-handling protocol; flag for native-speaker/theologian review.
Proclaimed
Approved rendering: проповедал / возвестил
Transliteration: propovedal / vozvestil
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: κηρύσσω (ἐκήρυξεν)
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:19, 4:6. The verb is neutral between ‘announced judgment’ and ‘proclaimed good news,’ part of the interpretive difficulty; tied directly to ‘spirits in prison’ and must be handled with the same explicit interpretive framing.
Angels Authorities Powers Subjected
Approved rendering: ангелы и власти и силы, покорившиеся (Ему)
Transliteration: angely i vlasti i sily, pokorivshiyesya (Yemu)
Doctrine: Christ’s Exaltation and Cosmic Lordship
Original: ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων
Category: Christology
1 Peter 3:22. Resolves the ‘spirits in prison’ tension with total, settled victory language; should reinforce, not undermine, Christ’s exclusive Lordship (baseline High-risk doctrine).
Gospel Preached To The Dead
Approved rendering: благовествовано было и мёртвым
Transliteration: blagovestvovano bylo i myortvym
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: εὐηγγελίσθη καὶ νεκροῖς
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 4:6. Genuinely debated referent (back-reference to 3:19, or believers now dead who heard the gospel while alive), tied to the same interpretive cluster as ‘spirits in prison’; must be cross-referenced and handled with the same explicit interpretive framing.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: огненное испытание
Transliteration: ognennoye ispytaniye
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 4:12. Same suffering-theology caution as ‘various trials’ and ‘suffer unjustly’; testing, not automatic meritorious virtue, is the text’s own frame.
Sharing Christs Sufferings
Approved rendering: общники страданий Христовых / причастны страданиям Христовым
Transliteration: obshchniki stradaniy Khristovykh / prichastny stradaniyam Khristovym
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 4:13. Resonates strongly, as an asset, with Orthodox kenotic spirituality’s high value on redemptive participation in Christ’s sufferings, but must not imply that believers’ suffering adds atoning merit to Christ’s own unique, already-completed substitutionary suffering (2:24, 3:18); the distinction between participatory identification and atoning merit must be explicit.
Elders
Approved rendering: старейшины / пресвитеры
Transliteration: stareyshiny / presvitery
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: пресвитер (as sole choice, without explicit gloss against Orthodox clerical rank)
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Leadership
1 Peter 5:1-3. ‘Пресвитер’ strongly evokes an ordained clerical rank (Orthodox ‘иерей/пресвитер’); ‘старейшины’ avoids clerical-rank overtones and matches established Russian Evangelical/Baptist congregational-eldership usage. Curriculum adopts старейшины as the primary rendering, glossed on first use as distinct from the Orthodox пресвитерский чин; пресвитеры may be retained parenthetically for recognition.
Resist Firm In Faith
Approved rendering: противостойте твердые верою
Transliteration: protivostoyte tverdyye veroyu
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Vigilance / Faith
Original: ἀντίστητε στερεοὶ τῇ πίστει
Category: Faith
1 Peter 5:9. вера per baseline High-risk caution; faith here must be personal steadfastness, not institutional identification, in solidarity with suffering believers worldwide.
Called To Eternal Glory
Approved rendering: призвавший (нас) к вечной Своей славе
Transliteration: prizvavshiy (nas) k vechnoy Svoyey slave
Doctrine: Assurance and Restoration After Suffering
Original: καλέσας εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον αὐτοῦ δόξαν
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 5:10. Combines baseline’s High-risk призванный family and Medium-risk слава family; reprises the letter’s glory-through-suffering theme at its close.
Medium Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: Отец
Transliteration: Otets
Doctrine: Adoption / Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: батюшка
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, unchanged. Never батюшка (address for an Orthodox parish priest) for God the Father. In 1 Peter, God as Father caused the new birth (1:3) and judges impartially (1:17).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресение
Transliteration: voskreseniye
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ / Living Hope
Rejected alternatives: реинкарнация, оживление
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Over-familiarity/liturgical-calendar (Пасха) flattening risk is heightened in 1 Peter because the letter’s entire hope-theology (1:3) depends on personal, present appropriation of the resurrection, not mere commemoration.
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: посланник, проповедник
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Opens 1 Peter 1:1 as Peter’s authority claim; the risk that Orthodox usage treats ‘apostle’ as a closed, historically unrepeatable office remains.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: mir
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: покой, спокойствие
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Standard epistolary greeting (1:2, 5:14); distinguish from ‘the world’ and political-peace senses.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: сила Божия
Transliteration: sila Bozhiya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: энергия
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 1:5: believers are ‘guarded’ (φρουρουμένους) by God’s power through faith unto salvation.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: духовные дары
Transliteration: dukhovnyye dary
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Rejected alternatives: экстрасенсорные способности, таланты
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package exactly. 1 Peter 4:10: each believer has received a χάρισμα (same word family) to steward for others as good stewards of God’s manifold grace.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Glory / Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: почёт, величие
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs densely in 1 Peter (1:7-8, 1:11, 4:13-14, 5:1, 5:4, 5:10); registerial flattening into a casual exclamation (‘слава Богу’) risk is present at every occurrence.
Mercy
Approved rendering: милость
Transliteration: milost’
Doctrine: Mercy / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: сострадание (too vague)
Original: ἔλεος (ἐλεέω)
Category: Salvation
New term. Correct primary rendering of ἔλεος (1:3, 1:10, 2:10) — God’s compassion toward the helpless, distinct from but related to χάρις/благодать (favor toward the undeserving). Must not be substituted for благодать nor blurred with it in exposition; teach the two as related but distinct.
Hope
Approved rendering: надежда
Transliteration: nadezhda
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: оптимизм
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
New term. Recurs as the letter’s defining Christian disposition under trial (1:13, 1:21, 3:15). Risk of flattening into generalized secular optimism (‘надеюсь, что…’); resurrection-anchored, confident sense must be reinforced by context at every occurrence.
Genuineness Of Faith
Approved rendering: испытанность (подлинность) веры
Transliteration: ispytannost’ (podlinnost’) very
Doctrine: Faith / Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: сила веры (loses metallurgical image)
Original: δοκίμιον (τῆς πίστεως)
Category: Faith
1 Peter 1:7 δοκίμιον. Metallurgical proving-by-fire image (refining, not merely enduring) must be retained, not flattened to ‘strength of faith’ alone.
Revelation Of Christ
Approved rendering: явление (Иисуса Христа)
Transliteration: yavleniye (Iisusa Khrista)
Doctrine: Christ’s Exaltation and Cosmic Lordship / Eschatology
Original: ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 1:7, 1:13. явление is the correct Synodal-tradition term but must not be confused with явление as used of Marian/saint apparitions (явление Богородицы) in Orthodox popular piety; context must keep referent unambiguously Christ’s second coming.
Inexpressible Glorified Joy
Approved rendering: радость неизреченная и преславная
Transliteration: radost’ neizrechennaya i preslavnaya
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος καὶ δεδοξασμένη
Category: Faith
1 Peter 1:8. Archaic Synodal phrasing retained for Scripture citation per register convention; expository text should gloss plainly so secular/first-time readers do not lose the sense.
Elect Exiles
Approved rendering: избранные пришельцы (странники)
Transliteration: izbrannyye prishel’tsy (stranniki)
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election / Sojourner Identity
Rejected alternatives: беженцы (too politically loaded)
1 Peter 1:1. Resonates with Russian historical experience of exile/diaspora but must be read as spiritual-identity language, not literal political refugee/emigration status.
Diaspora
Approved rendering: рассеяние
Transliteration: rasseyaniye
Doctrine: Sojourner Identity
Original: διασπορά
Category: Church
1 Peter 1:1. Frames the Gentile-majority recipients as the new, scattered people of God; care that readers do not assume an exclusively ethnic-Jewish referent.
Sprinkling Of Blood
Approved rendering: окропление кровью (Иисуса Христа)
Transliteration: okropleniye krov’yu (Iisusa Khrista)
Doctrine: Covenant
Rejected alternatives: омовение (loses covenant-ratification sense)
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
1 Peter 1:2, citing Exodus 24 covenant-ratification imagery. Requires OT sacrificial-covenant background explanation for readers with mainly liturgical-excerpt Bible exposure.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: Дух Христов
Transliteration: Dukh Khristov
Doctrine: Christology / Trinity
Rejected alternatives: отдельный дух Христа (never a separate created spirit)
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:11. Must remain clearly the Holy Spirit (Trinitarian), never read as a separate ‘spirit of Christ’ distinct from Святой Дух.
Reverent Fear
Approved rendering: страх (благоговейный)
Transliteration: strakh (blagogoveynyy)
Doctrine: Reverent Fear and Sojourner Identity
Rejected alternatives: ужас (forbidden)
Original: φόβος
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 1:17. Must be rendered as reverent awe, not servile terror, and distinguished from ordinary secular ‘fear.‘
Conduct Way Of Life
Approved rendering: поведение / образ жизни
Transliteration: povedeniye / obraz zhizni
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Ethics
Recurring book-wide keyword (ἀναστροφή) at 1:15, 1:18, 2:12, 3:1, 3:2, 3:16. Fix поведение as primary rendering for consistency across all six occurrences; reserve образ жизни as an occasional expository stylistic variant only.
Foreknown Of Christ
Approved rendering: предназначенный (прежде создания мира)
Transliteration: prednaznachennyy (prezhde sozdaniya mira)
Doctrine: Divine Foreknowledge and Election / Christology
Rejected alternatives: судьба
Original: προγινώσκω (προεγνωσμένου)
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:20. Christ’s redemptive role determined before creation; same election-adjacent caution as ‘foreknowledge’ — personal divine determination, not impersonal fate.
Pure Spiritual Milk
Approved rendering: чистое словесное молоко
Transliteration: chistoye slovesnoye moloko
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: чистое духовное молоко (loses λόγος-connection)
Original: λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα
Category: Sanctification
1 Peter 2:2. λογικός must connect back to λόγος/Scripture (словесное), not merely vague ‘spiritual’ (духовное); retain established Synodal словесное phrasing, gloss on first use.
Received Mercy
Approved rendering: получившие милость
Transliteration: poluchivshiye milost’
Doctrine: Mercy / Salvation
1 Peter 2:10, verb form of ἔλεος; closes the identity statement from ‘no people’ to ‘God’s people.‘
Aliens And Strangers
Approved rendering: пришельцы и странники
Transliteration: prishel’tsy i stranniki
Doctrine: Reverent Fear and Sojourner Identity
Rejected alternatives: беженцы, эмигранты (avoid politically loaded terms)
Original: ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις / πάροικοι καὶ παρεπίδημοι
Category: Church
1 Peter 2:11, reiterating 1:1. Spiritual, not literal-political, identity.
Day Of Visitation
Approved rendering: день посещения
Transliteration: den’ poseshcheniya
Doctrine: Eschatology
Original: ἐπισκοπή
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 2:12. Standard eschatological idiom for the day God visits/inspects.
Example Pattern
Approved rendering: пример / образец
Transliteration: primer / obrazets
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ὑπογραμμός
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 2:21 ὑπογραμμός, a school-exercise copy-model. Ensure the active tracing/imitation nuance is not lost in favor of a merely consoling sense.
Healed
Approved rendering: исцелились
Transliteration: istselilis’
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: выздоровели (physical-only, forbidden as sole sense)
Original: ἰάθητε (ἰάομαι)
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 2:24, citing Isaiah 53:5. Some contemporary usage (health-and-wealth/charismatic teaching, present in parts of post-Soviet evangelicalism) reads this as a promise of physical healing; context must state the primary sense is forgiveness of sin.
Shepherd And Overseer
Approved rendering: Пастырь и Блюститель (душ)
Transliteration: Pastyr’ i Blyustitel’ (dush)
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Christology
Rejected alternatives: епископ (never substitute for this title)
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 2:25. Synodal tradition deliberately renders ἐπίσκοπος here as Блюститель rather than епископ, to avoid importing the later technical, hierarchical ‘bishop’ office into this Christological title; retain this choice, especially since ἐπίσκοπος recurs with ecclesial-office sense in chapter 5.
Gentle Quiet Spirit
Approved rendering: кроткий и молчаливый (тихий) дух
Transliteration: krotkiy i molchalivyy (tikhiy) dukh
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor
Rejected alternatives: безмолвие (too close to enforced silence)
Original: πραΰ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:4. Must not be read as endorsing passivity/voicelessness as a general virtue; describes inner disposition, not enforced silence.
Joint Heirs Grace Of Life
Approved rendering: сонаследники благодати жизни
Transliteration: sonasledniki blagodati zhizni
Doctrine: Marriage Roles and Mutual Honor / Grace
Original: συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς
Category: Salvation
1 Peter 3:7. Establishes full spiritual co-equality of husband and wife; combines High-risk inheritance caution with Critical благодать caution.
Defense Apologia
Approved rendering: ответ / защита
Transliteration: otvet / zashchita
Doctrine: Christian Witness Under Pressure
Rejected alternatives: миссионерство (avoid in this specific framing)
Original: ἀπολογία
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:15. Given legal restrictions and social caution around public religious persuasion in the contemporary Russian context, this call to a reasoned, respectful personal answer ‘when asked’ — not unsolicited public campaigning — should be rendered to support that distinction.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: добрая совесть
Transliteration: dobraya sovest’
Doctrine: Christian Witness Under Pressure / Baptism as a Saving Appeal to God
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 3:16, 3:21. Standard term; risk concentrated in the 3:21 pairing with baptism, where it becomes part of the Critical baptism entry’s interpretive key.
Antitype
Approved rendering: образ / соответствующее (тому)
Transliteration: obraz / sootvetstvuyushcheye (tomu)
Doctrine: Baptism as a Saving Appeal to God
Original: ἀντίτυπον
Category: Covenant
1 Peter 3:21. Links baptism typologically to the flood-waters; retain established Synodal phrasing (‘чему и соответствует крещение’). Typological reasoning requires OT narrative literacy support.
Ceased From Sin
Approved rendering: перестал грешить
Transliteration: perestal greshit’
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
1 Peter 4:1. Perfect tense — a decisive break with sin’s habitual grip, reuses baseline грех.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: любовь покрывает множество грехов
Transliteration: lyubov’ pokryvayet mnozhestvo grekhov
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: искупает грехи (never imply atonement)
Original: ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 4:8, citing Proverbs 10:12. Must not be confused with, or allowed to compete against, Christ’s unique atoning sin-bearing already established at 2:24 and 3:18; this is relational forbearance among believers, not a second, human-sourced atonement.
Judgment Begins House Of God
Approved rendering: суд начинается с дома Божия
Transliteration: sud nachinayetsya s doma Bozhiya
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: κρίμα ἄρχεται ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Church
1 Peter 4:17, citing Ezekiel 9-style temple-judgment imagery. ‘House of God’ must be read as the whole believing community, not assumed to refer exclusively to the institutional Orthodox Church.
Fellow Elder
Approved rendering: сопастырь / собрат-пресвитер
Transliteration: sopastyr’ / sobrat-presviter
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: συμπρεσβύτερος
Category: Leadership
1 Peter 5:1. Peter’s remarkable self-designation as a peer-elder, modeling the humility the passage commends; same office-terminology caution as ‘elders.‘
Shepherd The Flock
Approved rendering: паситe стадо Божие
Transliteration: pasite stado Bozhiye
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον
Category: Leadership
1 Peter 5:2. Elders’ core mandate, modeled on Christ’s own shepherding (2:25).
Exercising Oversight
Approved rendering: надзирая
Transliteration: nadziraya
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐπισκοποῦντες
Category: Leadership
1 Peter 5:2, verb form of ἐπίσκοπος. Same office-terminology caution as ‘elders’ and ‘shepherd_and_overseer.‘
Not Domineering
Approved rendering: не для гнусной корысти / не властвуя (не господствуя над ними)
Transliteration: ne dlya gnusnoy korysti / ne vlastvuya (ne gospodstvuya nad nimi)
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: μὴ αἰσχροκερδῶς / μὴ κατακυριεύοντες
Category: Leadership
1 Peter 5:2-3. Politically resonant власть/господство language should be handled with the same care as ὑποτάσσω, given Russian sensitivities around authority and power abuse.
Crown Of Glory
Approved rendering: венец славы
Transliteration: venets slavy
Doctrine: Eschatology / Elders and Humility
Original: στέφανος τῆς δόξης
Category: Eschatology
1 Peter 5:4. Victor’s-wreath imagery combined with baseline слава; the eschatological reward for faithful eldership.
Humility
Approved rendering: смирение / смиритесь
Transliteration: smireniye / smirites’
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: покорность судьбе (never as synonym — passive fatalism)
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 5:5-6. Смирение is a deeply positive, richly developed virtue in Russian Orthodox spirituality — largely an asset — but must be presented as an active, relational posture toward others and God (смирение друг перед другом, смирение перед Богом), never collapsed into passive fatalistic resignation.
Brotherhood
Approved rendering: братство
Transliteration: bratstvo
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship in Suffering
Rejected alternatives: коллектив (Soviet-collective, forbidden)
Original: ἀδελφότης
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:9. Corporate-solidarity term stressing shared kinship under suffering with believers ‘throughout the world’; must retain familial, not organizational-institutional, sense.
Restore Confirm Strengthen
Approved rendering: Сам устроит, утвердит, укрепит, обоснует
Transliteration: Sam ustroit, utverdit, ukrepit, obosnuyet
Doctrine: Assurance and Restoration After Suffering
Original: καταρτίσει, στηρίξει, σθενώσει, θεμελιώσει
Category: Suffering
1 Peter 5:10. The promised outcome after ‘a little while’ of suffering — full divine restoration; strong pastoral-assurance passage, handle with the same tone care as the baseline’s assurance-of-salvation entries.
Low Risk Terms
Prophet Prophets
Approved rendering: пророк / пророки
Transliteration: prorok / proroki
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: предсказатель, экстрасенс
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:10-12: OT prophets searched out and testified in advance to the grace, sufferings, and glories to come in Christ.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: пророчество
Transliteration: prorochestvo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: предсказание, гороскоп
Inherited from Romans package; supports 1 Peter 1:10-12’s prophetic-fulfillment argument.
Blessed
Approved rendering: Благословен
Transliteration: Blagosloven
Doctrine: Doxology
New term for this curriculum. Fixed doxological/berakah formula opening 1 Peter 1:3 (‘Blessed be the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ’); standard shared liturgical formula, no cross-tradition ambiguity.
Imperishable Undefiled Unfading
Approved rendering: нетленное, неоскверненное и неувядающее
Transliteration: netlennoye, neoskvernennoye i neuvyadayushcheye
Doctrine: Inheritance of Believers
Original: ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος
Category: Salvation
Standard descriptive triad (1:4) reinforcing security/permanence of the inheritance; no cross-tradition collision.
Guarded By Gods Power
Approved rendering: охраняемые (силою Божиею)
Transliteration: okhranyayemyye (siloyu Bozhiyeyu)
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: хранимые (weaker, acceptable secondary)
1 Peter 1:5 φρουρουμένους — martial/protective guard-metaphor, stronger than merely ‘kept’; may be strengthened pastorally (‘надёжно охраняемые’) without doctrinal risk.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: агнец непорочный и чистый
Transliteration: agnets neporochnyy i chistyy
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
1 Peter 1:19. Established Synodal sacrificial-Christological vocabulary (cf. ‘Агнец Божий,’ John 1:29); an asset, not a hazard.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: братолюбие / нелицемерная братская любовь
Transliteration: bratolyubiye / nelitsemernaya bratskaya lyubov’
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship in Suffering
Original: φιλαδελφία / ἀγάπη ἀδελφῶν ἀνυπόκριτος
Category: Church
1 Peter 1:22. Standard vocabulary, no significant risk.
Word Of The Lord
Approved rendering: слово Господне
Transliteration: slovo Gospodne
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture / New Birth
Original: ῥῆμα Κυρίου
Category: Covenant
1 Peter 1:24-25, citing Isaiah 40. Established OT-citation vocabulary; also the stated means of new birth alongside Christ’s resurrection (1:23).
Servants Of God
Approved rendering: рабы Божии
Transliteration: raby Bozhii
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δοῦλοι Θεοῦ
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 2:16. Asset: established positive Orthodox devotional self-designation, lending this phrase unusual clarity and warmth rather than negative slavery connotations.
Ark Noah
Approved rendering: ковчег / Ной
Transliteration: kovcheg / Noy
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: κιβωτός / Νῶε
Category: Covenant
1 Peter 3:20. Standard OT proper nouns; requires OT narrative background support for readers with mainly liturgical-excerpt Bible exposure.
Vice Lists
Approved rendering: злоба, лукавство, лицемерие, зависть, злословие; распутство, похоти, пьянство, буйство, пирования, идолослужение
Transliteration: zloba, lukavstvo, litsemeriye, zavist’, zloslovie; raspustvo, pokhoti, p’yanstvo, buystvo, pirovaniya, idoloslusheniye
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: κακία, δόλος, ὑποκρίσεις, φθόνοι, καταλαλιά (2:1); ἀσέλγεια, ἐπιθυμία, οἰνοφλυγία, κῶμος, πότος, εἰδωλολατρία (4:3)
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 2:1, 4:3. Standard NT ethical vice catalogues shared across Orthodox and Protestant tradition; low risk.
Sober Watchful
Approved rendering: трезвиться / бодрствовать
Transliteration: trezvit’sya / bodrstvovat’
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Vigilance
Original: νήφω / γρηγορέω
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 4:7, 5:8. Standard readiness/vigilance vocabulary.
As A Christian
Approved rendering: как христианин
Transliteration: kak khristianin
Doctrine: Christian Identity
Original: ὡς Χριστιανός
Category: Church
1 Peter 4:16. Rare and significant NT occurrence (also Acts 11:26, 26:28); standard rendering.
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: верный Творец
Transliteration: vernyy Tvorets
Doctrine: God / Providence
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God
1 Peter 4:19. Rare NT title naming God as both maker and faithful keeper of suffering believers.
Examples To Flock
Approved rendering: образцы для стада
Transliteration: obraztsy dlya stada
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
1 Peter 5:3. Standard, τύπος-family exemplary-leadership imagery.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: Пастыреначальник
Transliteration: Pastyrenachal’nik
Doctrine: Christology
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
1 Peter 5:4. Established Synodal Christological title naming Christ as supreme Shepherd over local elders/under-shepherds.
Anxiety Care
Approved rendering: забота / попечение
Transliteration: zabota / popecheniye
Doctrine: Ethics
Original: μέριμνα
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 5:7. Anxious care cast on God, ‘because he cares for you.‘
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: противник (ваш), диавол… как рыкающий лев
Transliteration: protivnik (vash), diavol… kak rykayushchiy lev
Doctrine: Spiritual Warfare and Vigilance
Original: ἀντίδικος, διάβολος, λέων ὠρυόμενος
Category: Ethics
1 Peter 5:8. Standard demonological vocabulary shared across Orthodox and Protestant tradition.
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: целование любви
Transliteration: tselovaniye lyubvi
Doctrine: Church / Fellowship
Original: φίλημα ἀγάπης
Category: Church
1 Peter 5:14. Established Bible-register idiom for closing greeting; cultural adaptation guidance for contemporary practice may be needed without altering the text’s own wording.
Referenced passages