Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Luke 1–24 (Koine Greek → Russian)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from the entire book of Luke, chapters 1–24. Terms marked [TM] are already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json and are reused here exactly as recorded, with no deviation. Terms marked [NEW] are proposed additions specific to the Luke curriculum, pending confirmation and formal entry into an updated translation memory at Phase 2 onset.
Risk tier definitions (identical to the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json):
- Critical — mistranslation alters/destroys essential doctrine or collides with a live, named theological controversy. Human theologian review required for every occurrence.
- High — mistranslation creates significant theological confusion, unintended sectarian signal, or cultural/political sensitivity. Human theologian review required.
- Medium — mistranslation reduces clarity or invites registerial/cultural misreading but preserves essential meaning. Native speaker review recommended.
- Low — mistranslation causes minor misunderstanding or imprecision. Automated review sufficient.
A. Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory [TM]
| English Term | Greek | Russian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Luke Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gospel / good news | εὐαγγέλιον | Евангелие | High | Gospel | 4:18 (verbal εὐαγγελίσασθαι), 7:22, 9:6, 20:1 | Reuse exactly; watch for “book, not living proclamation” risk noted in baseline, intensified by the core passage’s verb form (see благовестие below). |
| Grace | χάρις | благодать | Critical | Grace | 1:30 (“favor” to Mary), 2:40, 4:22 | Do not let Marian “favored one” association absorb the term into a distinct Mariological merit category; keep “unmerited, apart from works” sense explicit. |
| Faith | πίστις | вера | High | Faith | 5:20, 7:9,50, 8:25,48, 17:5-6, 18:8,42, 22:32 | Christ-directed personal trust, not identification with a religious institution; centurion’s faith (7:9) is a key Gentile-inclusion text. |
| Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | праведность | Critical | Salvation | 1:75, 18:9 | 18:9’s self-trusting Pharisee is the negative foil to 18:14’s received righteousness; teach the pair together. |
| Justification | δικαίωσις (δικαιόω) | оправдание | Critical | Salvation | 18:14 | Direct Lukan anchor for the baseline’s Critical justification doctrine; pre-empts “Pauline invention” framing. |
| Salvation | σωτηρία | спасение | Critical | Salvation | 1:69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6; 19:9 | Anchor to concrete, personal, historically located events (Zacchaeus, 19:9), not open-ended theosis process. |
| Holy | ἅγιος | святой | High | Sanctification | 1:15,35,49,70,72; 4:34 | Standard; watch canonized-saint drift per baseline. |
| Saints | ἅγιοι | святые | High | Sainthood | (Luke itself has limited direct usage; relevant for teaching-text cross-reference to Romans/Acts) | Corporate, inclusive of all believers, not a venerated elite. |
| Sanctification | ἁγιασμός | освящение | Critical | Sanctification | (cross-referenced conceptually; term itself more prominent in Romans) | Do not blend with обожение/theosis; name theosis explicitly if referenced. |
| Adoption | υἱοθεσία (concept) | усыновление | High | Adoption into God’s Family | 15:11-32 (prodigal son, conceptually) | Full restoration of son-status (robe, ring, feast) directly illustrates baseline’s “full inheritance rights” note. |
| Resurrection | ἀνάστασις | воскресение | Medium/Critical (per passage) | Resurrection | 9:22; 14:14; 20:27-38; 24:1-49 | Ch.24’s physical proofs (eating fish, being touched) reinforce non-symbolic, historical bodily resurrection. |
| Lord | κύριος | Господь | High/Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:43; 2:11; 6:5,46; 10:1; 20:41-44 | 10:9’s Romans confession finds its narrative ground here throughout Luke; restore personal force against liturgical flattening. |
| Son of God | υἱὸς Θεοῦ | Сын Божий | Medium | Sonship of Christ | 1:32,35; 3:38 (distinct sense, of Adam — flag); 4:3,9,41; 8:28; 22:70 | Distinguish Christ’s unique eternal Sonship from Adam’s derivative “son of God” language at 3:38. |
| Incarnation (theological category) | ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο (cf. 1:31-35, 2:7) | воплощение | Medium | Incarnation | 1:31-35; 2:1-20 | Icon-theology asset retained; forbid аватар per baseline. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | мир | Medium | Peace with God | 1:79; 2:14,29; 7:50; 8:48; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36 | Distinguish relational/judicial peace from “the world” and political-peace senses throughout. |
| Spiritual gifts | χαρίσματα (concept) | духовные дары | Medium | Spiritual Gifts | (conceptually related to 4:18’s Spirit-anointing and ch.10’s sending) | Never экстрасенсорные способности. |
| Thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία (concept) | благодарение | Low | Thanksgiving | 17:16; 18:11 (contrast); 22:17,19 | Low risk per baseline. |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία (concept) | общение | Low | Christian Fellowship | 5:29-30; 15:1-2; 19:1-10 (table fellowship contexts) | See дедicated [NEW] table-fellowship entry below for the doctrine-specific scandal dimension. |
| Church | ἐκκλησία | церковь | High | Church as God’s People | (minimal direct Lukan usage; relevant for teaching-text bridge to Acts) | Explicit framing still required per baseline. |
| Kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ | Царство Божие | Medium | Kingdom Mission / Present-Future Kingdom | 4:43; 6:20; 8:1,10; 9:2,11,60,62; 10:9,11; 11:20; 12:31; 13:18-29; 14:15; 17:20-21; 18:16-29; 19:11; 21:31; 22:16-18; 23:42 | Central spine of the “Kingdom Present and Future” doctrine; see 17:21 [NEW] entos hymōn entry for the sharpest translation decision. |
| Law | νόμος | закон | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy / Sabbath controversies | 2:22-27; 5:17; 6:2-9; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44 | Ties Sabbath-lordship (6:5) to Christ’s authority over закон. |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | грех | High | Universal Human Accountability | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24,30-32; 7:37,39,47-49; 11:4; 13:2-3; 15:1,7,10,18,21; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Watch for post-Soviet folk-moral flattening; restore full weight given Luke’s dense concentration of sin/forgiveness language. |
| Gentiles | ἔθνη | язычники (general) / народы (mission-scope) | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles / Savior for All Nations | 2:32; 21:24; 24:47 | Use народы at 24:47’s mission-commissioning per baseline’s mission-scope preference. |
| Glory | δόξα | слава | Medium | Deity of Christ | 2:9,14,20,32; 9:26,31-32; 17:18; 19:38; 21:27; 24:26 | Restore weight against casual-exclamation flattening; connects Christmas and Transfiguration glory to future eschatological glory. |
| Power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ (concept) | сила Божия | Medium | Power of God for Salvation | 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 9:1; 24:49 (as “силу свыше”) | Never энергия; ties Jesus’ Spirit-empowerment to disciples’ promised empowerment. |
| Messiah / Christ | Χριστός / Μεσσίας | Мессия / Христос | Critical/High | Messianic Promise | 2:11,26; 3:15; 4:41; 9:20; 20:41; 22:67; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46 | Core passage (4:18’s “anointed”) is the etymological ground-zero for this whole title; teach explicitly. |
| Prophet | προφήτης | пророк | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | 1:76; 3:4; 4:24,27; 7:16,26,39; 9:8,19; 13:33-34; 16:29-31; 20:6; 24:19,25,27 | Standard; low risk throughout. |
| Prophecy | προφητεία (concept) | пророчество | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:70; 4:21; 18:31; 21:22; 22:37; 24:25-27,44 | Ties core passage’s “fulfilled” (πεπλήρωται) to Luke’s programmatic fulfillment theology, opening and closing the book. |
| Covenant | διαθήκη | завет | Medium/High | Davidic Covenant / New Covenant | 1:72; 22:20 | 22:20’s “new covenant” carries the additional book-title collision risk; see [NEW] entry below. |
| Election | ἐκλογή (concept) | избрание | High | Effectual Calling | 6:13 (choosing the Twelve, related concept); 18:7 (“his elect”) | Never судьба/рок/карма. |
| Intercession | ἔντευξις (concept) | ходатайство | Medium | Prayer and Intercession | 22:32 (“I have prayed for you,” Jesus for Peter) | Distinguish from заступничество (saints’/Theotokos intercession). |
| Providence | πρόνοια (concept) | промысел Божий | High | Providence | 12:6-7,22-31 (sparrows, lilies); 21:18 | Never судьба/случай/карма. |
| Mission | ἀποστολή / πέμπω (concept) | миссия / благовестие | Medium | Mission to the Nations | 9:1-6; 10:1-12; 24:47-49 | благовестие preferred verbal form; avoid миссионерство’s foreign-import connotation where possible. |
| David | Δαυίδ | Давид | Low | Davidic Covenant | 1:27,32,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 6:3; 18:38-39; 20:41-44 | Standard proper name. |
| Israel | Ἰσραήλ | Израиль | Medium | Unity of Jews and Gentiles | 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 24:21 | Distinguish biblical covenant-people referent from modern nation-state per baseline. |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | Иисус | Critical | — | throughout | NEVER Исус (Old Believer spelling). |
| God | θεός | Бог | Critical | — | throughout | Standard; keep referent vivid, especially 1:37,49. |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | Святой Дух | Critical/High | The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 10:21; 11:13; 12:10,12; 24:49 | Never дух alone; this book’s dominant new emphasis — see doctrine notes below. |
| Father | πατήρ | Отец | High | Adoption into God’s Family / Prayer | 2:49; 6:36; 9:26; 10:21-22; 11:2,13; 12:30,32; 15:12,18-32; 22:29,42; 23:34,46; 24:49 | Never батюшка for God the Father; central to Lord’s Prayer and prodigal-son texts. |
| Abba | Ἀββά | Авва | High | Adoption into God’s Family | (not directly quoted in Luke’s Greek text itself, but doctrinally continuous with Luke 11:2’s “Father” address; cross-reference Romans 8:15 for exact form) | Preserve baseline pairing with Отче if quoted alongside. |
| Exhort | παρακαλέω | увещевать / ободрять | Low | Mutual Edification | 3:18 | Context-sensitive per baseline. |
| Seed of David | σπέρμα Δαυίδ (concept) | от семени Давидова | Medium | Davidic Covenant | 1:32-33; 3:23-38 (genealogy) | Register-distinct from direct-address “Сын Давидов” (18:38-39, 20:41). |
B. New Terms Specific to the Luke Curriculum [NEW]
| English Term | Greek | Transliteration | Literal Meaning | Russian Rendering | Risk | Doctrine Category | Key Passages | Rationale / Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Anointed / anointing | χρίω / ἔχρισεν | chriō / echrisen | to rub/pour oil upon, consecrate | помазал / помазание | Critical | Messianic Promise (core passage) | 4:18 | Direct etymological ground of Мессия/Христос; must restore self-conscious messianic claim, not read as generic “chosen/favored.” |
| Acceptable/favorable year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸν Κυρίου δεκτόν | eniauton Kyriou dekton | an acceptable year of [the] Lord | лето Господне благоприятное (Scripture citation) / год Господень благоприятный (teaching text) | High | Kingdom Present and Future / Fulfillment of Prophecy | 4:19 | Modern лето = “summer”; archaic Synodal sense = “year.” Real comprehension-failure risk distinct from doctrinal dispute; needs explicit gloss. |
| Gospel to the poor (verbal) | εὐαγγελίσασθαι πτωχοῖς | euangelisasthai ptōchois | to proclaim good news to the destitute | благовествовать нищим | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18; 7:22 | Verbal, active proclamation; keep distinct from Евангелие’s book-association risk. |
| Poor | πτωχός | ptōchos | utterly destitute, beggarly | нищий (Scripture register) / бедный (broader socioeconomic) | High | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3 | Risk of beggar-stereotype flattening or premature spiritualizing (“poor in spirit” reflex); must retain Luke’s concrete economic referent. |
| Rich | πλούσιος | plousios | wealthy, affluent | богатый | Medium | Savior for All Nations (rich and poor) | 6:24; 12:16; 14:12; 16:1,19,21-22; 18:23,25; 19:2; 21:1 | Matched pair with πτωχός; both classes come to Jesus on identical terms of need. |
| Sinners | ἁμαρτωλός | hamartōlos | sinful ones (social-religious outcast label) | грешники | Medium | Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7 | Must retain concrete social-scandal referent, not soften to generic universal-sinfulness abstraction. |
| Tax collector | τελώνης | telōnēs | toll/tax agent | мытарь | Medium | Table Fellowship with Sinners / Savior for All Nations | 3:12; 5:27-29; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2,8 | Recognized chiefly via 18:9-14’s parable title; restore historical scandal (Roman collaboration, social contempt) beyond the “humble figure” association. |
| Table fellowship / reclining together at table | συνανάκειμαι / κατάκειμαι | synanakeimai / katakeimai | to recline/lie down together (at a meal) | сидеть/возлежать за одним столом; трапеза | High | Table Fellowship with Sinners | 5:29-30; 7:36-50; 11:37; 14:1,7-24; 15:1-2,23-32; 19:1-10; 22:14-30; 24:30 | Doctrine-defining social act; must not flatten into generic “friendly meal” — social/purity scandal must be taught explicitly. |
| Compassion (visceral) | σπλαγχνίζομαι | splanchnizomai | to be moved in one’s inward parts | сжалился / умилосердился (narrative verb); сострадание (expository noun) | Medium | Jesus’ Compassion | 7:13; 10:33; 15:20 | Avoid flattening to polite “жалость”; retain gut-level, self-involving force. |
| Disciple | μαθητής | mathētēs | learner, pupil | ученик | Medium | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 5:11,28; 6:13,17,20,40; 9:1,14,18,54; 10:1,17,23; 11:1; 12:1,22; 14:26-33; 17:1,22; 19:29,37,39; 20:45; 22:11,39,45; 24:9-13 | Ordinary “school pupil” register under-communicates total, costly, life-reordering allegiance; restore repeatedly. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια | metanoia | change of mind/direction, turning | покаяние | CRITICAL | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Named East-West controversy: Orthodox sacramental Исповедь vs. direct, unmediated turning to God; explicit distinguishing text required at every occurrence. |
| Forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | aphesis hamartiōn | sending-away/release of sins | прощение грехов | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 17:3-4; 24:47 | Distinct from оправдание (justification); keep both concepts taught separately though both present in Luke. |
| Release/liberty (captives, oppressed) | ἄφεσις (same root, distinct referent) | aphesis | release, setting free | свобода / освобождение / отпущение | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18 | Same Greek root as “forgiveness of sins” above — Russian must split across several words; teach the Jubilee-forgiveness unity explicitly. |
| Recovering sight to the blind | ἀνάβλεψις | anablepsis | seeing-again | зрение слепым / прозрение | Low-Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 4:18; 18:35-43 | Physical/spiritual double meaning; let it recur without over-explaining at first occurrence. |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | rescuer, deliverer | Спаситель | High | Savior for All Nations / Salvation | 1:47; 2:11 | Title-level extension of Critical спасение doctrine; anchor to Christ’s finished work, not folk-devotional “helper” or open theosis process. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | compassionate covenant-loyalty kindness | милость | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 18:13,38-39 | Distinct Greek word/concept from χάρις; do not blur with благодать despite baseline’s rejection of милость as a χάρις-substitute — милость is correct here for ἔλεος specifically. |
| Redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | lytrōsis / apolytrōsis | ransoming, buying back | избавление / искупление | Medium | Kingdom Present and Future | 1:68; 2:38; 21:28; 24:21 | искупление correct here (distinct from its rejection as a justification-synonym in baseline). |
| Prayer | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι | proseuchē / proseuchomai | directed address to God | молитва / молиться | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | 1:13; 2:37; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12,28; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1,10-13; 20:47; 22:32,40-46; 23:34,46 | Distinguish spontaneous, dependent, child-Father intimacy from fixed liturgical recitation alone (without denigrating fixed forms). |
| Kingdom within/among you | ἐντὸς ὑμῶν | entos hymōn | within/among you | внутрь вас есть (Synodal) | High | Kingdom Present and Future | 17:21 | Genuinely disputed grammatically (inward-individual vs. corporate-present); Synodal choice converges suggestively with Orthodox hesychastic inward spirituality — flag both readings explicitly. |
| Justified | δεδικαιωμένος (δικαιόω) | dedikaiōmenos | having been declared righteous | оправданным [TM-linked] | CRITICAL | Repentance and Forgiveness / Salvation | 18:14 | Direct Lukan pre-Pauline anchor for baseline’s Critical justification doctrine; teach 18:9 (self-trust) and 18:14 (received righteousness) as a paired text. |
| New covenant | καινὴ διαθήκη | kainē diathēkē | new covenant | Новый Завет [TM-linked завет] | High | Kingdom Present and Future / Cost of Discipleship | 22:20 | Book-title collision risk (identical to the name of the NT canon); distinguish “the book” from “the covenant reality inaugurated at this meal.” |
| Hades / Abraham’s bosom | ᾅδης / κόλπος Ἀβραάμ | hadēs / kolpos Abraam | realm of the dead / Abraham’s chest | ад / лоно Авраамово | Medium-High | Kingdom Present and Future (afterlife framing) | 16:22-23 | Distinct from γέεννα (final hell); Russian ад defaults to final-hell connotation — clarify intermediate-state distinction without over-systematizing the parable. |
| Paradise | παράδεισος | paradeisos | walled garden, blessed abode | рай | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 23:43 | Immediate, personal assurance to a last-moment penitent; pastoral force must be preserved. |
| Blasphemy against the Holy Spirit | βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον | blasphēmia eis to Pneuma to Hagion | reviling speech against the Holy Spirit | хула на Духа Святого | High | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 12:10 | Unforgivable-sin category; teach with pastoral care against ungrounded fear, tied to willful rejection, not momentary doubt. |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | huios tou anthrōpou | son of the man/humanity | Сын Человеческий | Medium | Kingdom Present and Future / Deity and Humanity of Christ | 25+ occurrences, first at 5:24 | Danielic authority-and-judgment title under-communicated by plain-sense Russian; teach explicitly at first major occurrence. |
| Save the lost (mission statement) | σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός | sōsai to apolōlos | to save the perishing/lost one | прийти… спасти погибшее | High | Savior for All Nations / Salvation | 19:10 | Programmatic verse; pair with core passage (4:18-19) and Romans спасение entries as central curriculum text. |
| Lost (person/object) | ἀπόλλυμι / ἀπολωλός | apollymi / apolōlos | to lose, be lost, perish | потерянная (object/animal) / погибший (person) | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 15:4,6,8-9,17,24,32; 19:10 | Register split across Russian words; teach the underlying single Greek concept explicitly. Avoid implying finality/irreversibility. |
| Prodigal son (parable title) | ἄσωτος (descriptive) | asōtos | wastefully dissolute | притча о блудном сыне | Low | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | 15:11-32 | Fully naturalized Russian idiom; asset for recognition; teach the father’s grace/restoration climax explicitly against over-familiarity. |
| Joy (heaven’s response to repentance) | χαρά | chara | joy, gladness | радость | Low | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 15:7,10,32; 24:41,52 | Stress this is specifically heaven’s/God’s joy, not merely human relief. |
| Steward / stewardship | οἰκονόμος / οἰκονομία | oikonomos / oikonomia | household manager / household management | управитель / домостроительство | Medium | Cost of Discipleship | 12:42; 16:1-8 | Avoid modern loanword менеджер (too commercial); accountability before God for entrusted resources. |
| Mammon | μαμωνᾶς | mamōnas | wealth (Aramaic loanword) | маммона | Low | Savior for All Nations (rich and poor) | 16:9,11,13 | Established transliteration; personified rival master, not money itself. |
| Humility | ταπείνωσις / ταπεινός | tapeinōsis / tapeinos | lowliness | смирение | Medium | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | 1:48,52; 14:11; 18:14 | Orthodox ascetic-monastic resonance is an asset but may over-narrow the term; keep Luke’s situational, social-reversal sense in view. |
| Authority | ἐξουσία | exousia | rightful, authorized power | власть | Medium | Kingdom Present and Future / Lordship of Christ | 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 19:17; 20:2,8,20; 22:53; 23:7 | Political-institutional Russian connotations; clarify this is unique spiritual authority, not a civil-political claim. |
| Neighbor | πλησίον | plēsion | one who is near | ближний | Medium | Savior for All Nations / Compassion | 10:27,29,36 | Over-familiar idiom risk (“добрый самаритянин”) may flatten original ethnic-religious scandal. |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης | Samaritēs | member of the Samaritan community | самарянин | Medium | Savior for All Nations | 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16 | Requires explicit historical-cultural gloss; no native Russian analogy for the specific ethnic-religious tension. |
| King | βασιλεύς | basileus | king, sovereign | царь | Medium | Kingdom Present and Future / Lordship of Christ | 19:38; 23:2-3,37-38 | Russian tsarist-historical resonance; clarify true, humble, spiritual-eschatological kingship, not political/monarchical endorsement or nostalgia. |
| Widow | χήρα | chēra | widow | вдова | Low-Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:3-5; 20:47; 21:2-3 | Paradigm case of the socially vulnerable; pairs with πτωχός. |
| Leper | λεπρός | lepros | one with a serious skin disease | прокажённый | Low-Medium | Compassion and Table Fellowship | 5:12-14; 7:22; 17:12-19 | Restore social-exclusion dimension beyond a purely clinical modern reading. |
| Demon / unclean spirit | δαιμόνιον / ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα | daimonion / akatharton pneuma | evil spiritual being | бес / демон; нечистый дух | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History (contrast) | 4:33-36; 8:2,27-33; 9:37-42; 11:14-26; 13:32 | Post-Soviet folk-spiritual vocabulary risks either sensationalizing or trivializing; restore full seriousness. |
| Power from on high | δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους | dynamis ex hypsous | power from [the] heights | силу свыше | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 24:49 | Forms inclusio with Jesus’ own Spirit-anointing (3:22/4:1/4:18); disciples’ empowerment continues Jesus’ pattern. |
| Ascension | ἀνελήμφθη / ἀνάλημψις | anelēmphthē / analēmpsis | he was taken up | вознёсся / Вознесение | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | 24:51 | Shared, settled ground with Orthodoxy (major feast); watch calendar/devotional flattening as with resurrection. |
| Repentance and forgiveness to all nations (mission mandate) | μετάνοια καὶ ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | metanoia kai aphesis hamartiōn eis panta ta ethnē | repentance and forgiveness to all the nations | покаяние и прощение грехов всем народам | CRITICAL | Repentance and Forgiveness / Savior for All Nations | 24:47 | Bookends core passage’s 4:18-19; combines the two highest-risk terms with universal mission scope; route identically to core passage for theologian review. |
C. Doctrine-Category Cross-Reference Index
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary Terms (Section A + B) | Highest Risk Tier Present |
|---|---|---|
| Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People | Спаситель, σωτηρία/спасение, πτωχός/πλούσιος, τελώνης/мытарь, Σαμαρίτης/самарянин, царь, всем народам | Critical |
| The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Святой Дух, помазал/помазание, силу свыше, Вознесение, бес/демон (contrast) | Critical |
| Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | нищий/благовествовать нищим, ἄφεσις-family (свобода/освобождение), χήρα/вдова, λεπρός/прокажённый | High |
| Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | покаяние, прощение грехов, оправданным, погибший/потерянная, рай, покаяние и прощение грехов всем народам | Critical |
| Prayer and Dependence on God | молитва/молиться, милость, Отец/Авва, ходатайство | High |
| The Kingdom of God Present and Future | Царство Божие, внутрь вас есть (ἐντὸς ὑμῶν), ад/лоно Авраамово, Сын Человеческий, Новый Завет (22:20) | High |
| The Cost and Joy of Discipleship | ученик, крест, смирение, радость, управитель/домостроительство | High |
| Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners | сжалился/сострадание, грешники, сидеть/возлежать за одним столом, ближний | High |
D. Forbidden Substitutions (Luke-Specific Additions to Baseline Forbidden List)
In addition to the baseline’s forbidden substitutions (реинкарнация, аватар, судьба/рок/карма, справедливость for праведность, экстрасенсорные способности, заступничество for Romans 8-style intercession, Исус for Иисус, пропаганда for mission), the Luke curriculum adds:
- Repentance: NEVER let покаяние silently resolve into “attending confession” (посещение исповеди) alone as if the sacramental act exhausts the term; always pair with explicit turning-to-God content.
- Poor: NEVER let нищим be paraphrased away as purely “poor in spirit” (нищие духом) in Luke 4:18 or 6:20, where the text is deliberately unqualified and concrete.
- New covenant (22:20): NEVER let “Новый Завет” stand without a clarifying note distinguishing the covenant reality from the book title, in high-stakes teaching contexts.
- Kingdom within/among you (17:21): NEVER present “внутрь вас есть” as the only possible reading without acknowledging the “in your midst” alternative.
- Hades (16:22-23): NEVER let ад be silently equated with final γέεννα-hell without at least one clarifying note on the intermediate-state distinction.
- Son of Man: NEVER let Сын Человеческий be taught as merely emphasizing Christ’s humanity without also surfacing its Danielic authority-and-judgment background at its first major occurrence (5:24).
End of Step 8 core glossary. This glossary, together with 07_semantic_analysis.md, constitutes the complete Phase 1 Step 1 deliverable for the Luke curriculum and must be loaded alongside the baseline Romans translation_memory.json, bible_term_registry.json, and doctrine_risk_registry.json before Phase 1 Step 2 (doctrine risk registry extension) begins.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blagodat’
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: милость, дар, везение, удача
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Russian Orthodox theology understands благодать as uncreated divine energies that transform/deify, not primarily unmerited legal pardon. Luke-specific extension: at 1:30 Gabriel’s address to Mary (‘you have found favor/grace’) must not be silently absorbed into a distinctively Marian merit-and-intercession framework; teach as God’s unmerited initiative, structurally parallel to Romans, not exceptional to Mary alone.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведность
Transliteration: pravednost’
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: справедливость, честность
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: 18:9’s self-trusting Pharisee (‘trusted in themselves that they were righteous’) is the negative foil to 18:14’s received, declared righteousness; teach the pair together.
Justification
Approved rendering: оправдание
Transliteration: opravdaniye
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: прощение грехов, искупление
Original: δικαίωσις (δικαιόω)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 18:14 (‘went down to his house justified,’ оправданным) is the Gospel’s own direct forensic-declaration anchor, spoken by Jesus prior to Paul’s developed argument — a valuable pre-emption of any ‘exclusively Pauline invention’ framing. See justified (new entry) for the exact verb-form occurrence.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасение
Transliteration: spaseniye
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: избавление (acceptable narrowly for ‘deliverance’), освобождение
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: must be tied to concrete, personal, historically located events (Zacchaeus, 19:9-10) rather than an open-ended theosis process; 19:9’s household application ties spaseniye inseparably to visible repentance-fruit as consequence, not precondition.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: освящение
Transliteration: osvyashcheniye
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: обожение (reserve for explicit theosis discussion only), очищение
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Term itself more prominent in Romans; cross-referenced conceptually in Luke. Do not blend with обожение/theosis; name theosis explicitly if referenced comparatively.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: воскресение
Transliteration: voskreseniye
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: оживление, реинкарнация
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to Critical for Luke given ch.24’s centrality. Ch.24’s deliberately physical, non-symbolic proofs (eating fish, being touched, 24:39-43) directly counter drift toward a merely spiritual, visionary, or calendar-flattened reading of Пасха.
Lord
Approved rendering: Господь
Transliteration: Gospod’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: хозяин, владыка (reserve for liturgical/poetic register only)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to Critical for Luke given the density of personal confession-scenes (Elizabeth, 1:43; Peter, 5:8; the Sanhedrin, 20:41-44). Господь’s heavy liturgical register risks flattening these into recited creed lines; restore personal, decisive force at each occurrence.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: воплощение
Transliteration: voploshcheniye
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: аватар (never use), явление
Original: concept (cf. 1:31-35, 2:1-20)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s infancy narrative (1:26-38; 2:1-20) gives incarnation its fullest narrative expression in the New Testament; icon theology remains a strong cultural asset, аватар remains forbidden.
Messiah
Approved rendering: Мессия / Христос
Transliteration: Messiya / Khristos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: спаситель мира (as a stand-alone substitute)
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to Critical for Luke: 4:18’s ‘anointed’ (see anointed, new entry) is this title’s etymological ground-zero, and the core passage is the moment Jesus makes the etymology his own self-conscious, contested claim. Ordinary usage treats Христос as a surname; must be explicitly re-surfaced.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Иисус
Transliteration: Iisus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Исус (Old Believer spelling, avoid)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. NEVER the Old Believer spelling Исус, throughout Luke.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Bog
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Всевышний (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Keep the referent vivid and personal, especially in Luke’s infancy narrative (1:37,49) against decades of secularized idiom (‘слава Богу’) emptied of personal referent.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святой Дух
Transliteration: Svyatoy Dukh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), энергия
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Luke concentrates Spirit-language more densely than any other Gospel (1:15,35,41,67; 3:16,22; 4:1,14,18; 11:13; 24:49), forming the backbone of ‘The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History.’ Never дух alone.
Anointed
Approved rendering: помазал / помазание
Transliteration: pomazal / pomazaniye
Doctrine: Messianic Anointing
Rejected alternatives: избрал (too generic, loses office-claim), благословил (blessed — collapses a specific consecration into vague favor)
Original: χρίω / ἔχρισέν με
Category: Christology
NEW. Core passage (4:18) direct anchor and the etymological root of Мессия/Христос. CROWDED NEIGHBORHOOD: помазание is also the ordinary Russian name for the sacrament of Chrismation (Миропомазание), administered to every baptized Orthodox believer. Explicit fencing note required at first occurrence distinguishing Jesus’ unique, unrepeatable messianic consecration from the sacramental rite bearing the same name. Never reduce to generic ‘chosen/blessed.‘
Repentance
Approved rendering: покаяние
Transliteration: pokayaniye
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: исправление (mere self-improvement, too weak), раскаяние (emotional remorse alone, misses reorientation)
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Repentance
NEW — single highest-priority term in the Luke package. 3:3,8; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 17:3-4; 24:47. NAMED CRITICAL EAST-WEST DIVERGENCE: Russian Orthodox practice binds покаяние to the sacrament of Confession (Исповедь/Таинство Покаяния), typically priest-mediated before Communion; Luke presents it as direct, unmediated, personal turning to God evidenced in changed behavior. NEVER let покаяние silently gloss as ‘attending confession.’ Requires explicit distinguishing text at every doctrinally significant occurrence, framed pastorally, not polemically, while affirming ongoing repentance as a lifelong Christian pattern.
Justified
Approved rendering: оправданным
Transliteration: opravdannym
Doctrine: Justification by Faith (Anticipated in Luke)
Rejected alternatives: прощённым (loses the forensic declaration sense, collapses into forgiveness alone)
Original: δεδικαιωμένος (δικαιόω)
Category: Salvation
NEW, but TM-LINKED — MUST use the exact baseline term оправданным (see justification, above). 18:14, the tax collector’s verdict, uses the identical verb-family as the baseline’s Critical Romans justification doctrine, spoken by Jesus himself. Teach paired with 18:9’s self-trusting Pharisee. Route identically to Romans’ justification doctrine for theologian review.
Mission Mandate All Nations
Approved rendering: покаяние и прощение грехов всем народам
Transliteration: pokayaniye i proshcheniye grekhov vsem narodam
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins / Savior for All Nations and All People
Rejected alternatives: покаяние и прощение грехов всем язычникам (язычники’s pagan-slur-adjacent tone is inappropriate for a universal mission mandate)
Original: μετάνοια καὶ ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη
Category: Salvation / Mission
NEW. 24:47, Luke’s own Great-Commission-equivalent verse, combining the curriculum’s two highest-risk terms (покаяние, прощение грехов) with universal mission scope, using народы per the baseline’s mission-scope preference. Bookends the core passage (4:18-19). Route identically to the core passage for theologian review.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: вера
Transliteration: vera
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: доверие, убеждение
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: the Gentile centurion’s faith exceeding Israel’s (7:9) is a key text for ‘Savior for All Nations’; the sinful woman’s ‘your faith has saved you’ (7:50) must be read alongside forgiveness already granted, not as a separate transaction.
Holy
Approved rendering: святой
Transliteration: svyatoy
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: чистый, непорочный
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applied throughout Luke’s infancy narrative (1:15,35,49,70,72) and beyond (4:34); watch canonized-saint drift per baseline.
Saints
Approved rendering: святые
Transliteration: svyatyye
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: праведники
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Minimal direct Lukan usage; retained for teaching-text cross-reference bridging to Acts/Romans; corporate, inclusive sense must be preserved.
Adoption
Approved rendering: усыновление
Transliteration: usynovleniye
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: принятие в семью
Original: υἱοθεσία (concept)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: the prodigal son’s restoration (robe, ring, feast, 15:20-24) is the concrete narrative illustration of full inheritance-rights sonship, directly countering Soviet/post-Soviet orphanage-charity associations.
Law
Approved rendering: закон
Transliteration: zakon
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: правило, заповедь (reserve for individual commandments)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: 6:5’s ‘Lord of the Sabbath’ ties Christ’s lordship directly to authority over закон; used also at Jesus’ presentation as an infant (2:22-27) and fulfillment claims (24:44).
Sin
Approved rendering: грех
Transliteration: grekh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: ошибка, проступок
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Luke concentrates sin/forgiveness vocabulary more densely than any other Gospel (1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24,30-32; 7:37-49; 11:4; 13:2-3; 15:1-21; 17:3-4; 24:47); restore full weight against post-Soviet folk-moral flattening at every occurrence.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: почёт, величие
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 2:14’s ‘Glory to God in the highest’ (Слава в вышних Богу) is embedded in virtually every Christian liturgical tradition; its familiar liturgical cadence must not eclipse the shepherds’ astonished, first-time proclamation. Also load-bearing at 9:26,31-32 (Transfiguration) and 21:27 (eschatological).
Covenant
Approved rendering: завет
Transliteration: zavet
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: договор, соглашение
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Recalled at 1:72 (Benedictus); see new_covenant (new entry) for the distinct, higher-risk 22:20 occurrence and its book-title collision with Новый Завет as the New Testament canon’s name.
Election
Approved rendering: избрание
Transliteration: izbraniye
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: судьба, рок, предопределение (use only with careful qualification)
Original: ἐκλογή (concept)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Present at the choosing of the Twelve (6:13, related concept) and ‘his elect’ (18:7). Never судьба/рок/карма.
Providence
Approved rendering: промысел Божий
Transliteration: promysel Bozhiy
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: судьба, случай, карма (never use)
Original: πρόνοια
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Illustrated in Luke’s teaching on sparrows and lilies (12:6-7,22-31) and hairs of the head (21:18). Never судьба/случай/карма.
Father
Approved rendering: Отец
Transliteration: Otets
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (reserve exclusively for addressing an Orthodox priest)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Central to the Lord’s Prayer (11:2) and the prodigal son’s father (15:11-32). Never батюшка for God the Father.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: лето Господне благоприятное (Scripture citation) / год Господень благоприятный (teaching text)
Transliteration: leto Gospodne blagopriyatnoye / god Gospoden’ blagopriyatnyy
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future / Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: лето Господне благоприятное without any gloss (risks a ‘the Lord’s summer’ misreading)
Original: ἐνιαυτὸν Κυρίου δεκτόν
Category: Kingdom
NEW. Core passage (4:19), citing Isaiah 61:2/Leviticus 25 Jubilee imagery. Archaic Synodal лето means ‘year’ in Church-Slavonic-influenced 19th-century usage but exclusively ‘summer’ in modern Russian — a genuine comprehension-failure risk, not merely doctrinal. Retain Synodal phrase with explicit gloss in Scripture citation; use год Господень благоприятный in expository text.
Gospel To The Poor
Approved rendering: благовествовать нищим
Transliteration: blagovestvovat’ nishchim
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: проповедовать нищим (too generic, loses the herald-announcement force of euangelizomai)
Original: εὐαγγελίσασθαι πτωχοῖς
Category: Salvation / Poverty
NEW. Core passage (4:18) and 7:22. Verbal, active, targeted proclamation; keep distinct from Евангелие’s book-association risk — this is an event, not a text.
Poor
Approved rendering: нищий (Scripture register) / бедный (broader socioeconomic)
Transliteration: nishchiy / bednyy
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: нищие духом (never as a blanket substitute — reserved for Matthew 5:3’s distinct, qualified sense)
Original: πτωχός
Category: Poverty and Marginalized
NEW. Core passage (4:18); also 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:20,22; 18:22; 19:8; 21:3. Modern colloquial нищий evokes a live, ambivalent Russian social category (beggars at church steps/metro underpasses, mixed pity and suspicion of ‘профессиональные нищие’); must not be paraphrased into ‘poor in spirit’ nor trivialized. Anchor to concrete economic and social marginalization.
Table Fellowship
Approved rendering: сидеть / возлежать за одним столом; трапеза
Transliteration: sidet’ / vozlezhat’ za odnim stolom; trapeza
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: просто угощение (too weak, loses social-acceptance signal)
Original: συνανάκειμαι
Category: Compassion
NEW. 5:29-30; 7:36-50; 11:37; 14:1,7-24; 15:1-2,23-32; 19:1-10; 22:14-30; 24:30. Doctrine-defining social act; reclining dining is not a living practice for modern readers to intuit ancient social/purity scandal from — must be taught explicitly.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: прощение грехов
Transliteration: proshcheniye grekhov
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance
NEW. 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24; 7:47-49; 11:4; 17:3-4; 24:47. Keep doctrinally distinct from оправдание (justification) — both present in Luke, not simple synonyms. 7:47’s ‘for she loved much’ is evidentiary of forgiveness already received, not causal of it.
Savior Title
Approved rendering: Спаситель
Transliteration: Spasitel’
Doctrine: Savior for All Nations and All People / Salvation
Rejected alternatives: избавитель (too generic, loses title-level force)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
NEW. 1:47; 2:11. Title-level extension of the Critical spaseniye doctrine. Must not drift into a sentimentalized ‘helper in hard times’ folk-devotional reading (cf. popular ‘Спаси и сохрани’ talismanic phrase) nor into an unqualified theosis process; always co-occur with a concrete narrative anchor (Zacchaeus, the sinful woman).
Kingdom Within Among
Approved rendering: внутрь вас есть
Transliteration: vnutr’ vas yest’
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: посреди вас (corporate alternative — must be presented alongside, not silently excluded)
Original: ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
NEW. 17:20-21. Genuinely disputed grammatically (‘within you’ individual vs. ‘in your midst’ corporate). The Synodal choice converges suggestively with Russian Orthodox hesychastic/mystical interior spirituality — an appealing but potentially skewing convergence. NEVER present внутрь вас есть as the only possible reading without acknowledging the corporate alternative.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: новый завет
Transliteration: novyy zavet
Doctrine: New Covenant Inauguration
Original: καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant / Kingdom
NEW. 22:20. Book-title collision risk identical in kind to the baseline’s Евангелие note: ‘Новый Завет’ is also the literal name of the entire New Testament canon in Russian. Requires explicit teaching note distinguishing the book from the covenant reality Jesus personally inaugurates at this meal, sealed by his imminent death. Compounded by Orthodoxy’s strong real-presence Eucharistic theology.
Hades Abrahams Bosom
Approved rendering: ад / лоно Авраамово
Transliteration: ad / lono Avraamovo
Doctrine: Afterlife: Hades and Paradise
Original: ᾅδης / κόλπος Ἀβραάμ
Category: Eschatology
NEW. 16:22-23. Russian ад in ordinary and popular-Orthodox usage (including the iconographic Harrowing of Hades, ‘Сошествие во ад’) functions essentially as final hell, collapsing Luke’s distinct intermediate-state ᾅδης into readers’ default final-judgment concept. Requires one clarifying note distinguishing this from γέεννα (final hell), without over-systematizing the parable’s chief point (moral/economic reversal).
Blasphemy Against Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: хула на Духа Святого
Transliteration: khula na Dukha Svyatogo
Doctrine: Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: βλασφημία εἰς τὸ Πνεῦμα τὸ Ἅγιον
Category: God
NEW. 12:10. Unique unforgivable-sin category generating real pastoral anxiety historically, including in Orthodox pastoral literature; teach tied to willful, settled rejection of the Spirit’s testimony to Jesus, not momentary doubt, to avoid ungrounded fear.
Save The Lost
Approved rendering: прийти… спасти погибшее
Transliteration: priyti… spasti pogibsheye
Doctrine: Savior for All Nations and All People / Salvation
Original: σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation
NEW. 19:10, the Gospel’s programmatic mission-statement verse. Pair with the core passage (4:18-19) as the curriculum’s central texts for ‘Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People’; anchor concretely to a named, socially despised individual (Zacchaeus), not an abstract formula.
Cross Discipleship
Approved rendering: крест
Transliteration: krest
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Original: σταυρός
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 9:23; 14:27; and literally in ch.23. Deeply resonant in Russian devotional life (крестное знамение, нательный крест) but risks being heard through the well-worn secular idiom ‘у каждого свой крест’ (everyone has their burden) rather than Luke’s specific, radical, decisive call to daily self-denial modeled on Christ’s own path to execution.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: Евангелие
Transliteration: Yevangeliye
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: благая весть (informal gloss only), хорошая новость
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Established Synodal term; risk is that it is heard as the name of a book/genre rather than a living proclamation. Luke intensifies this risk via the verbal cognate εὐαγγελίσασθαι at 4:18 and 7:22 — see benovestvovat’ nishchim (new entry) for the active, targeted proclamation sense Luke’s core passage requires.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Сын Божий
Transliteration: Syn Bozhiy
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: божественный посланник
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific caution: 3:38’s genealogical ‘son of Adam, son of God’ is a distinct, derivative, non-unique sense that must not be conflated with Christ’s unique eternal Sonship (1:32-35).
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: mir
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: спокойствие, покой
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: Simeon’s Nunc Dimittis (2:29) is a fixed Orthodox liturgical text (sung at Vespers); its familiar cadence risks eclipsing its narrative force as a first-time personal encounter.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: духовные дары
Transliteration: dukhovnyye dary
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: экстрасенсорные способности (never use), таланты
Original: χαρίσματα (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Conceptually related in Luke to Jesus’ own Spirit-anointing (4:18) and the sending of the Seventy (ch.10); экстрасенсорные способности remains forbidden.
Church
Approved rendering: церковь
Transliteration: tserkov’
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: храм, собрание (acceptable for local congregation emphasis)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Minimal direct Lukan usage; retained for teaching-text bridge to Acts. Explicit framing against the default Orthodox-institution reading still required.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Царство Божие
Transliteration: Tsarstvo Bozhiye
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Rejected alternatives: государство Божие
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package, risk intensified in Luke by sheer frequency (30+ occurrences) forming the spine of the curriculum’s ‘present and future’ doctrine. Russia’s tsardom/imperial history and Soviet state-power framing make ‘царство’ politically resonant; keep clearly spiritual, not this-worldly.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: язычники / народы
Transliteration: yazychniki / narody
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: иноземцы, неевреи
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Use язычники generally (2:32; 21:24) but народы in inclusive mission-scope contexts, especially 24:47, per the baseline’s explicit preference to avoid a pagan-slur-adjacent tone in Luke’s Great-Commission-equivalent verse.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: сила Божия
Transliteration: sila Bozhiya
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: энергия
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Present at Jesus’ conception (1:35), ministry (4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 9:1), and promised for the disciples (24:49, силу свыше — see new entry). Never энергия.
Intercession
Approved rendering: ходатайство
Transliteration: khodataystvo
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: заступничество (reserve for saints’/Mary’s intercession contexts)
Original: ἔντευξις (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific anchor: Jesus’ prayer for Peter (22:32). Distinguish from заступничество, reserved in Orthodox devotion for the intercession of saints and the Theotokos.
Mission
Approved rendering: миссия / благовестие
Transliteration: missiya / blagovestiye
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: пропаганда (never use)
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Extends from the sending of the Twelve (9:1-6) to the Seventy (10:1-16) to the Great Commission charge (24:47-49). Prefer благовестие given the 2016 ‘Yarovaya law’ restrictions on missionary activity outside registered premises and post-Soviet suspicion of Western-funded миссионерство.
Israel
Approved rendering: Израиль
Transliteration: Izrail’
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish the biblical covenant-people referent (1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 4:25,27; 24:21) from the modern nation-state.
Abba
Approved rendering: Авва
Transliteration: Avva
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: Ἀββά
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Not itself quoted in Luke’s Greek text but doctrinally continuous with 11:2’s Father-address teaching; retained for cross-reference consistency with Romans 8:15.
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: от семени Давидова
Transliteration: ot semeni Davidova
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: потомок Давида (acceptable modern-register gloss)
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant / Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Reserved for genealogical register (1:32-33; 3:23-38); register-distinct from the direct-address ‘Сын Давидов’ used at 18:38-39 and 20:41.
Rich
Approved rendering: богатый
Transliteration: bogatyy
Doctrine: Savior for All People (Rich and Poor)
Original: πλούσιος
Category: Poverty and Marginalized
NEW. Matched pair with poor (6:24; 12:16; 14:12; 16:1,19,21-22; 18:23,25; 19:2; 21:1). Risk of a post-Soviet class-resentment/class-aspiration reading rather than Luke’s spiritual-equalizing point that both classes come to Jesus on identical terms of need.
Sinners
Approved rendering: грешники
Transliteration: greshniki
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin / Compassion
NEW. 5:8,30,32; 6:32-34; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7. Must retain concrete social-scandal referent (tax collectors, the sinful woman), not soften into a vague, generic universal-sinfulness abstraction that loses the meal scenes’ scandal.
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: мытарь
Transliteration: mytar’
Doctrine: Table Fellowship with Sinners / Savior for All Nations
Original: τελώνης
Category: Compassion
NEW. 3:12; 5:27-29; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2,8. Chiefly recognized via the parable title (18:9-14); restore the historical scandal (Roman-collaboration, presumed extortion, social contempt) beyond the familiar ‘humble figure’ association.
Compassion
Approved rendering: сжалился / умилосердился (narrative verb); сострадание (expository noun)
Transliteration: szhalился / umilosердился; sostradaniye
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion
Rejected alternatives: жалость (too polite/weak for σπλαγχνίζομαι’s visceral force)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
NEW. 7:13; 10:33; 15:20. Luke’s strongest compassion-verb (σπλαγχνίζομαι) denotes visceral, gut-level, involuntary movement; avoid a flattened, merely polite ‘pity’ reading.
Disciple
Approved rendering: ученик
Transliteration: uchenik
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 5:11,28; 6:13,17,20,40; 9:1,14,18,54; 10:1,17,23; 11:1; 12:1,22; 14:26-33; 17:1,22; 19:29,37,39; 20:45; 22:11,39,45; 24:9-13. Ordinary secular Russian ученик denotes a school pupil — an intellectual, low-cost relationship; must be repeatedly restored to Luke’s total, costly, life-reordering sense.
Release Liberty
Approved rendering: свобода / освобождение / отпущение
Transliteration: svoboda / osvobozhdeniye / otpushcheniye
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Repentance / Poverty
NEW. Core passage (4:18). Same Greek root (ἄφεσις) as forgiveness of sins; Russian necessarily splits it across several words. Requires an explicit unifying teaching note connecting Jubilee-release, social liberation, and forgiveness of sins as one Isaianic/Lukan concept.
Recovering Sight
Approved rendering: зрение слепым / прозрение
Transliteration: zreniye slepym / prozreniye
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ἀνάβλεψις
Category: Poverty and Marginalized
NEW. Core passage (4:18); recurs at 18:35-43. Physical/spiritual double meaning; let it recur without over-explaining at first occurrence.
Mercy
Approved rendering: милость
Transliteration: milost’
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God / Divine Mercy and Covenant Faithfulness
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God / Faith
NEW. 1:50,54,58,72,78; 6:36; 10:37; 18:13,38-39. Distinct Greek word/concept (ἔλεος) from χάρις; do not blur with благодать despite the baseline’s separate rejection of милость as an insufficient χάρις-substitute — милость is the correct primary term for ἔλεος specifically. Underlies the later Orthodox Jesus Prayer/Kyrie eleison refrain (‘Господи, помилуй’); teach its narrative originality and personal desperation here, not only its later ritualized usage.
Redemption
Approved rendering: избавление / искупление
Transliteration: izbavleniye / iskupleniye
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Covenant / Eschatology
NEW. 1:68; 2:38; 21:28; 24:21. искупление is correct here for redemption itself — distinct from the baseline’s separate rejection of искупление as a justification-synonym.
Prayer
Approved rendering: молитва / молиться
Transliteration: molitva / molit’sya
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Faith
NEW. 1:13; 2:37; 3:21; 5:16; 6:12,28; 9:18,28-29; 11:1-13; 18:1,10-13; 20:47; 22:32,40-46; 23:34,46. Distinguish the curriculum’s emphasis on spontaneous, confident, child-to-Father dependence from Orthodox liturgical prayer culture’s heavy weighting toward fixed, memorized (often Church-Slavonic) forms, without denigrating fixed prayer forms.
Paradise
Approved rendering: рай
Transliteration: ray
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins / Afterlife
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology / Repentance
NEW. 23:43. Immediate, personal, last-moment assurance to the penitent criminal; preserve full pastoral force without requiring resolution of intermediate-state systematics.
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: Сын Человеческий
Transliteration: Syn Chelovecheskiy
Doctrine: Kingdom of God Present and Future / Deity and Humanity of Christ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
NEW. Used over 25 times, first at 5:24 (‘the Son of Man has authority on earth to forgive sins’). Plain Russian surface reading emphasizes Jesus’ humanity only, under-communicating the Danielic (Daniel 7:13-14) authority-and-judgment background; teach explicitly at 5:24, not left to accumulate silently.
Lost
Approved rendering: потерянная / погибший
Transliteration: poteryannaya / pogibshiy
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἀπόλλυμι / ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation / Repentance
NEW. 15:4,6,8-9,17,24,32; 19:10. Russian naturally splits register: потерянная (object/animal) vs. погибший (person, stronger ‘perished’ sense). Teach the underlying single Greek thread (ἀπόλλυμι) explicitly across all three parables; avoid implying the son’s state was irreversible.
Steward
Approved rendering: управитель
Transliteration: upravitel’
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: менеджер (too commercial/casual for a text about accountability before God)
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 12:42; 16:1-8. Accountability before God for entrusted resources; avoid the modern commercial loanword менеджер.
Humility
Approved rendering: смирение
Transliteration: smireniye
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship / Humility and Kingdom Reversal
Original: ταπείνωσις / ταπεινός
Category: Discipleship / Sanctification
NEW. 1:48,52; 14:11; 18:14. Deeply established Russian Orthodox ascetic-monastic virtue term (старцы literature) — an asset for cultural resonance, but risks narrowing to a technical ascetic-discipline register; keep Luke’s concrete, situational, social-reversal sense (banquet etiquette, the tax collector’s posture) in view.
Authority
Approved rendering: власть
Transliteration: vlast’
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future / Lordship of Christ
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christology / Kingdom
NEW. 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 10:19; 19:17; 20:2,8,20; 22:53; 23:7. Власть carries strong Russian political-institutional connotations (state power, historical authoritarianism); clarify this is Jesus’ unique, self-authenticating spiritual authority, not a civil-political claim — groundwork for the government/authority tension in chs. 20 and 23.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: ближний
Transliteration: blizhniy
Doctrine: Savior for All Nations / Jesus’ Compassion
Original: πλησίον
Category: Compassion
NEW. 10:27,29,36. Over-familiar idiom risk: ‘добрый самаритянин’ (used even secularly for any helpful stranger) may flatten the parable’s original ethnic-religious scandal.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: самарянин
Transliteration: samaryanin
Doctrine: Samaritans and Ethnic Boundary-Crossing
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Savior for All Nations
NEW. 9:52-53; 10:33; 17:16. Requires an explicit historical-cultural gloss at first occurrence — no native Russian analogy exists for the specific first-century Jewish-Samaritan tension; must not read as a neutral geographic label.
King
Approved rendering: царь
Transliteration: tsar’
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future / Lordship of Christ
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Christology / Kingdom
NEW. 19:38; 23:2-3,37-38. Carries deep Russian tsarist-historical resonance (imperial monarchy, its violent 1917 overthrow, ongoing monarchist-nostalgia currents in some Orthodox-nationalist circles); clarify Jesus’ kingship is humble, non-political, and eschatological at every occurrence.
Widow
Approved rendering: вдова
Transliteration: vdova
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Poverty and Marginalized
NEW. 2:37; 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:3-5; 20:47; 21:2-3. Paradigm case of the socially vulnerable; pairs with нищий to reinforce the poor/marginalized doctrine strand.
Leper
Approved rendering: прокажённый
Transliteration: prokazhonnyy
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: λεπρός
Category: Compassion
NEW. 5:12-14; 7:22; 17:12-19. Restore the social-exclusion dimension explicitly, since modern readers may think only in clinical medical terms.
Demon
Approved rendering: бес / демон; нечистый дух
Transliteration: bes / demon; nechistyy dukh
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History (contrast)
Original: δαιμόνιον / ἀκάθαρτον πνεῦμα
Category: God (contrast) / Spiritual Conflict
NEW. 4:33-36; 8:2,27-33; 9:37-42; 11:14-26; 13:32. Post-Soviet folk-spiritual vocabulary (semi-comic бес folklore, live экстрасенс/folk-healer culture) risks either sensationalizing or trivializing; restore full seriousness and clear divine-versus-demonic power contrast.
Power From On High
Approved rendering: силу свыше
Transliteration: silu svyshe
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους
Category: God / Holy Spirit
NEW. 24:49. Forms an inclusio with Jesus’ own Spirit-anointing at 3:22/4:1/4:18; the disciples’ promised empowering continues Jesus’ pattern — state this connection explicitly, since the two Russian phrases (помазание vs. силу свыше) do not visibly signal the parallel on their own.
Ascension
Approved rendering: вознёсся / Вознесение
Transliteration: voznyosya / Vozneseniye
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History / Ascension and Promised Power
Original: ἀνελήμφθη / ἀνάλημψις
Category: Christology / Eschatology
NEW. 24:51. Shared, settled ground with Russian Orthodoxy (major liturgical feast, Вознесение Господне); residual risk is the same calendar/devotional-flattening concern noted for воскресение — keep as a specific, historical, bodily event with direct missional consequence.
Overshadow
Approved rendering: осенит
Transliteration: osenit
Doctrine: Incarnation and Annunciation
Original: ἐπισκιάζω
Category: God / Christology
NEW. 1:35, the Spirit’s enveloping, creative, non-sexual action in Jesus’ conception, echoing the Exodus Shekinah cloud. Established chaste Synodal term; must avoid phrasing suggesting a mythological divine-human union, a live concern given exposure to comparative-religion ‘divine conception’ narratives.
Wrath
Approved rendering: гнев (Божий)
Transliteration: gnev (Bozhiy)
Doctrine: John the Baptist’s Ministry of Repentance
Original: ὀργή
Category: Sin
NEW. 3:7, John’s warning of ‘the wrath to come.’ Secularized Russian religious register risks flattening гнев into moralistic scolding; must retain judicial seriousness.
Mystery Of Kingdom
Approved rendering: тайны Царства Божия
Transliteration: tayny Tsarstva Bozhiya
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
NEW. 8:10. Secular/occult Russian usage of тайна can suggest esoteric hidden knowledge (astrology, ‘тайные учения’); clarify this is revealed by grace, not earned by spiritual technique.
Blessed
Approved rendering: блаженны
Transliteration: blazhenny
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized / Humility and Kingdom Reversal
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom / Poverty
NEW. 6:20-22, Luke’s unqualified Beatitudes. Established Synodal register; carries slightly archaic, liturgical solemnity that must not sound merely ceremonial — restore the shocking reversal Jesus pronounces.
Today Fulfillment
Approved rendering: ныне / сегодня
Transliteration: nyne / segodnya
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom / Prophecy
NEW. Core passage (4:21). The Synodal ныне carries appropriate scriptural weight but risks sounding like solemn liturgical diction; expository text should also use сегодня at least once to restore the term’s startling immediacy for a modern ear.
Fulfilled
Approved rendering: исполнилось
Transliteration: ispolnilos’
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: πεπλήρωται (πληρόω)
Category: Covenant / Prophecy
NEW. Core passage (4:21), perfect-tense claim. Surrounding text must make clear this is a specific, historically anchored self-claim by Jesus, not a devotional generality about ‘the Bible coming true.‘
Banquet
Approved rendering: пир / ужин
Transliteration: pir / uzhin
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized / Table Fellowship
Original: δεῖπνον
Category: Poverty and Marginalized / Compassion
NEW. 14:16-24, the great banquet parable. Ties table-fellowship and poor/marginalized doctrines together; do not lose the parable’s climactic image of servants sent to compel the marginalized to fill the table to generic ‘hospitality’ language.
Consolation
Approved rendering: утешение
Transliteration: uteshenie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy / Messianic Promise
Original: παράκλησις
Category: Covenant / Eschatology
NEW. 2:25, Simeon’s ‘waiting for the consolation of Israel,’ naming the whole nation’s messianic longing.
Baptism
Approved rendering: крещение
Transliteration: kreshcheniye
Doctrine: John the Baptist’s Ministry of Repentance
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Covenant / Repentance
NEW. 3:3, John’s baptism of repentance, distinguished from the coming Spirit-and-fire baptism (3:16). John’s responsive, repentance-preceding model may read differently against an infant-baptism-normative Orthodox background; note the distinction without resolving the wider baptismal debate.
Opened Scriptures
Approved rendering: открыл ум [к разумению] Писаний
Transliteration: otkryl um [k razumeniyu] Pisaniy
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: διήνοιξεν τὸν νοῦν / τὰς γραφάς
Category: Prophecy / Covenant
NEW. 24:32,45. Connects Luke’s closing chapter back to the core passage’s own claim of Scripture fulfilled in Jesus, forming a frame around the whole Gospel.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: тело Моё / кровь Моя
Transliteration: telo Moyo / krov’ Moya
Doctrine: New Covenant Inauguration
Original: τὸ σῶμά μου / τὸ αἷμά μου
Category: Covenant / Sanctification
NEW. 22:19-20. Carries heavy devotional and doctrinal weight given Orthodoxy’s strong real-presence Eucharistic theology (Евхаристия/Причастие); the curriculum need not adjudicate sacramental theology but should route related teaching for native-speaker/theologian awareness.
Narrow Door
Approved rendering: дверь (тесная)
Transliteration: dver’ (tesnaya)
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: θύρα
Category: Kingdom / Eschatology
NEW. 13:24. Distinguish from Matthew’s related but distinct ‘narrow gate’ (πύλη) image.
Temptation
Approved rendering: искушение / искушал
Transliteration: iskusheniye / iskushal
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Christology
NEW. 4:1-13 (the wilderness); 22:40,46 (Gethsemane, ‘pray that you may not enter into temptation’). Ties Jesus’ own prayer-dependence in crisis to the Prayer and Dependence doctrine at its most acute narrative moment.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: благодарение
Transliteration: blagodareniye
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία (concept)
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Luke-specific illustration: the healed Samaritan leper (17:16) versus the self-congratulating Pharisee (18:11).
Fellowship
Approved rendering: общение
Transliteration: obshcheniye
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: дружба, коллектив (avoid Soviet-collective connotation)
Original: κοινωνία (concept)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Present conceptually in Luke’s table-fellowship and community scenes; see table_fellowship (new entry) for the doctrine-specific scandal dimension коллектив must never carry.
Prophet
Approved rendering: пророк
Transliteration: prorok
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: предсказатель, экстрасенс
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to John (1:76; 7:26) and to Jesus himself (4:24; 24:19), the latter a distinctively Lukan self-designation worth noting.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: пророчество
Transliteration: prorochestvo
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: предсказание, гороскоп
Original: προφητεία (concept)
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Ties the core passage’s ‘today this Scripture is fulfilled’ (4:21) to the Gospel’s closing fulfillment claim (24:25-27,44-47), forming a frame around the whole book.
David
Approved rendering: Давид
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Standard proper name throughout Luke’s genealogy and infancy narrative.
Exhort
Approved rendering: увещевать / ободрять
Transliteration: uveshchevat’ / obodryat’
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to John’s preaching to the crowds (3:18); context-sensitive between entreaty and encouragement.
Prodigal Son
Approved rendering: притча о блудном сыне
Transliteration: pritcha o bludnom syne
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: ἄσωτος (descriptive, 15:13)
Category: Repentance
NEW. 15:11-32. Fully naturalized Russian idiom, an asset for recognition; residual risk is over-familiarity flattening the father’s extravagant grace-and-restoration climax — teach the connection to благодать and усыновление explicitly.
Joy
Approved rendering: радость
Transliteration: radost’
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship / Eschatology
NEW. 15:7,10,32; 24:41,52. Stress this is specifically heaven’s/God’s own joy at repentance, not merely human relief or sentiment.
Mammon
Approved rendering: маммона
Transliteration: mammona
Doctrine: Savior for All People (Rich and Poor)
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Poverty and Marginalized
NEW. 16:9,11,13. Established Aramaic-loanword transliteration; personified rival master, not money itself.
Angel
Approved rendering: ангел
Transliteration: angel
Doctrine: Incarnation and Annunciation
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: God
NEW. Gabriel’s announcements to Zechariah and Mary. Standard, well-established term, no rival folk-concept confusion in Russian.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: синагога
Transliteration: sinagoga
Doctrine: Messianic Anointing (Core Passage)
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Church / Covenant
NEW. Core passage (4:16). Standard transliteration, clearly distinct from церковь/храм; a brief gloss (‘a Jewish house of assembly for reading the Law and Prophets, distinct from a church building’) helps readers with low Second Temple literacy.
Fruit Of Repentance
Approved rendering: плод
Transliteration: plod
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: καρπός
Category: Repentance
NEW. 3:8-14. Visible, tangible evidence of repentance in John’s concrete ethical instructions.
Hypocrisy
Approved rendering: лицемерие
Transliteration: litsemeriye
Doctrine: The Cost of Discipleship (contrast)
Original: ὑπόκρισις
Category: Discipleship
NEW. 11:39-44, woes on the Pharisees. Well-established term, low ambiguity, but handle pastorally rather than as anti-Pharisaic caricature given historic Christian-Jewish relations sensitivities.
Woe
Approved rendering: горе
Transliteration: gore
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
NEW. 6:24-26. Pronounced judgment, the negative mirror of блаженны.
Sign
Approved rendering: знамение / знак
Transliteration: znameniye / znak
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: σημεῖον
Category: Covenant
NEW. 2:12,34. The infant in the manger as a sign, and ‘a sign that will be opposed.‘
Word Of God
Approved rendering: слово Божие
Transliteration: slovo Bozhiye
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: λόγος τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Covenant / Faith
NEW. 8:11, identified with the seed in the Parable of the Sower.
Hosanna
Approved rendering: осанна
Transliteration: osanna
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: ὡσαννά (parallel tradition; cf. Triumphal Entry, 19:38)
Category: Eschatology / Liturgical
NEW. Associated with the Triumphal Entry (19:38), central to the Orthodox feast of the Entry into Jerusalem (Вход Господень в Иерусалим). Established transliteration; strong cultural-liturgical asset.
Fool
Approved rendering: безумный
Transliteration: bezumnyy
Doctrine: Savior for All People (Rich and Poor)
Original: ἄφρων
Category: Poverty and Marginalized / Eschatology
NEW. 12:20, the Rich Fool. Ties to the rich/poor doctrine strand — riches as a spiritual danger requiring vigilance.
Harvest
Approved rendering: жатва
Transliteration: zhatva
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: θερισμός
Category: Mission
NEW. 10:2. Connects to the миссия/благовестие mission framework.
Devil
Approved rendering: диавол / дьявол
Transliteration: diavol
Doctrine: Messianic Anointing (contrast) / Temptation
Original: διάβολος
Category: Christology (contrast)
NEW. 4:1-13. Well-established, no rival folk-concept confusion risk comparable to some other cultures.
Referenced passages