Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English → Russian)
This glossary compiles every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all three chapters of Titus. Terms already established in the baseline Romans Language Package are marked TM-Reuse and carry over their exact recorded rendering and risk tier unchanged. New terms introduced by Titus are marked New and are proposed here for adoption into the extended translation memory in Phase 1 Step 5. Risk tiers follow the baseline’s four-tier framework (Critical / High / Medium / Low) and routing conventions (doctrine_risk_registry.json).
Legend
- Status: TM-Reuse — term and rendering already fixed by the Romans baseline; reused exactly, no deviation permitted.
- Status: New — term introduced in Titus; rendering proposed here for the first time.
- First Ref. — first occurrence in Titus by chapter:verse.
Grace, Salvation, and Works Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Grace | χάρις | charis | благодать | TM-Reuse | Critical | 1:4 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Reused exactly per baseline. Titus 2:11-14 and 3:5-7 make the “apart from works” contrast the letter’s central argument; must be stated explicitly, never assumed. |
| Mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | милость | New | High | 1:4 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Distinct Greek term from χάρις, appearing alongside it (1:4) and as salvation’s stated ground (3:5). Baseline rejects милость as a substitute for grace; that rejection does NOT apply here — милость is the correct, required term for this distinct concept. Must not be conflated with благодать; flag for native-speaker review. |
| Salvation / Saved | σωτηρία / σῴζω | sōtēria / sōzō | спасение / спас(-ла, -ло) | TM-Reuse | Critical | 3:5 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Reused exactly. Titus 3:5’s aorist ἔσωσεν anchors salvation to a completed past act, reinforcing (not weakening) the baseline’s caution against an open-ended theosis-process default reading. |
| Savior (title) | σωτήρ | sōtēr | Спаситель | New | High | 1:3 | Salvation by Grace not Works / Deity of Christ | Not previously a standalone TM entry (baseline has the noun спасение but not the title Спаситель). Applied 6x in Titus to both “God” and “Jesus Christ” interchangeably (1:3, 1:4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6) — a structural reinforcement of Christ’s deity that must be tracked for consistency across all six occurrences. |
| Justification / Justified | δικαιοσύνη / δικαιόω | dikaiosynē / dikaioō | праведность / оправдание, оправданный | TM-Reuse | Critical | 3:5, 3:7 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Reused exactly. Titus 3:5 (“works… in righteousness”) and 3:7 (“having been justified by his grace”) together form the letter’s most concentrated forensic-grace argument; must preserve the “declared righteous,” not “made righteous” or “forgiven,” sense per baseline. |
| Works of righteousness (excluded) | ἔργα τὰ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ | erga ta en dikaiosynē | дела праведности | New (compound of TM terms) | Critical | 3:5 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Explicitly negated as salvation’s ground. Must be taught in careful tension with “good works” (below), which the same letter commands repeatedly as salvation’s fruit. This grace/works tension is a named curriculum doctrine and requires explicit, non-silent resolution in teaching text. |
| Good works (recurring refrain) | καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα | kala/agatha erga | добрые дела | New | Medium-High | 1:16, 2:7, 2:14, 3:1, 3:8, 3:14 | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | The letter’s controlling ethical refrain (6+ occurrences). Render identically at every occurrence to preserve the pattern for Russian readers. Must be held in explicit, taught tension with the grace/works-excluded terms above, not silently harmonized. |
| Regeneration / New Birth | παλιγγενεσία | palingenesia | возрождение | New | Critical | 3:5 | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Rare NT word (2 occurrences total). Collides directly with Russian Orthodox sacramental theology, which closely identifies this new birth with the rite of baptism itself; a Protestant-shaped monergistic, Spirit-wrought reading must be stated explicitly, exactly as the baseline requires for grace/justification/sanctification. Requires theologian review at every occurrence. |
| Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | anakainōsis | обновление | New | Medium | 3:5 | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Paired with παλιγγενεσία as an ongoing counterpart to the decisive new birth. Echoes (not identical to, but a useful cross-reference alongside) Romans 12:2’s “renewal of the mind.” |
| Washing | λουτρόν | loutron | омовение (expository) / баня (Synodal-register only) | New | High | 3:5 | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Registerial risk: баня (Synodal) is now overwhelmingly understood as “bathhouse/sauna” in ordinary Russian and risks unintended incongruity or humor if used without a clarifying gloss. Use омовение in expository/teaching text. |
| Heir | κληρονόμος | klēronomos | наследник | New | Medium | 3:7 | Salvation by Grace not Works (adoption cross-reference) | Connects to the baseline’s “adoption” doctrine (усыновление, High risk) and its post-Soviet orphanage-culture sensitivity; should be explicitly cross-referenced to full inheritance-rights teaching rather than left as an isolated legal term. |
Grace-Trained Godly Living Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Trains/disciplines (grace as active agent) | παιδεύω | paideuō | воспитывающая (expository) / научающая (Synodal-register) | New | High | 2:12 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Doctrinal keystone term for the curriculum’s title doctrine. Synodal’s “научающая” (teaching) softens the parental-formation force of παιδεύω; recommend воспитывающая for expository text to preserve the full “forms/disciplines as a parent forms a child” sense. |
| Godliness / Piety | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | благочестие | New | High | 1:1, 2:12 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Letter’s dominant positive-virtue term (also 1 Tim/2 Tim throughout Pastorals). In Russian Orthodox usage tightly bound to traditional ritual/liturgical piety; must be explicitly anchored to grace (2:11) as source, not to ritual observance alone — parallel caution to baseline’s “obedience_of_faith” entry. |
| Self-control / Sound-mindedness | σωφροσύνη word-group (σώφρων, σωφρόνως, σωφρονίζω) | sōphrosynē, sōphrōn, sōphronōs, sōphronizō | целомудрие / целомудренный / здравомыслие (context-dependent) | New | Medium-High | 1:8, 2:2, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6, 2:12 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Occurs 6+ times, a major structural term. Целомудрие’s default modern meaning (sexual chastity specifically) is narrower than the Greek’s comprehensive self-mastery sense (speech, temper, appetite, sexuality alike); exposition must broaden it explicitly. |
| Appearing / Epiphany | ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω | epiphaneia / epiphainō | явление / явиться, явилась | New | Medium | 2:11, 2:13, 3:4 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Technical Pastoral-Epistles term spanning both Christ’s first advent (2:11, 3:4) and his return (2:13) — a deliberate literary bracket around the core passage. Distinct from воплощение (incarnation, TM-established); render identically at all three occurrences to preserve the pattern. |
| Love for mankind | φιλανθρωπία | philanthrōpia | человеколюбие | New | Medium | 3:4 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Established Church-Slavonic-heritage theological term, an asset (not secularized as English “philanthropy” is). Minor risk of a secular reader hearing only “charitable activity” rather than God’s redemptive motive; brief anchoring recommended. |
| Kindness | χρηστότης | chrēstotēs | доброта / благость | New | Low-Medium | 3:4 | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | Paired with φιλανθρωπία as the divine motive behind salvation. |
| Adorn (doctrine) | κοσμέω | kosmeō | украшать | New | Low-Medium | 2:10 | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Conduct “adorns” doctrine, making it visibly attractive; tied to the missional motive clause below. |
| So the word of God/teaching is not reviled (missional motive) | ἵνα μὴ βλασφημῆται | hina mē blasphēmētai | чтобы не было в поношении | New | Medium | 2:5, 2:8, 2:10 | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Recurring missional refrain: conduct bears directly on the gospel’s public credibility; recognize as a repeated pattern across all three occurrences, not three unrelated warnings. |
Elder Qualifications Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Elder | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | пресвитер | New | High | 1:5 | Qualifications for Elders | Comfortable, established term in Russian Evangelical/Baptist usage — an asset. Residual risk: readers with Orthodox background may instead import старец (venerated monastic elder/sage) associations; exposition must clarify this names a congregational teaching-and-oversight office with specific qualifications, not a monastic sage. |
| Overseer / Bishop | ἐπίσκοπος | episkopos | епископ (with mandatory clarifying gloss) or надзиратель (functional gloss) | New | Critical | 1:7 | Qualifications for Elders | Used interchangeably with πρεσβύτερος by Paul (1:5-7) for ONE office — collides directly with Russian Orthodox/Catholic monoepiscopal church structure, where епископ names a singular, higher, diocesan office. Requires theologian review at every occurrence, parallel to the baseline’s treatment of “church.” |
| Older man / Older woman (age category, NOT the office above) | πρεσβύτης / πρεσβύτις | presbytēs / presbytis | пожилой мужчина / пожилая женщина (avoid “старец/старица” in expository register) | New | Medium-High | 2:2, 2:3 | Qualifications for Elders (contrast) | Distinct Greek word from πρεσβύτερος; English “elder” can blur the two, but Greek keeps them entirely separate. Synodal’s “старец/старица” for this ordinary age-category collides with the exalted Orthodox monastic-elder sense; flag explicitly for native-speaker review. |
| Blameless / Above reproach | ἀνέγκλητος | anegklētos | безукоризненный / непорочный | New | Medium | 1:6 | Qualifications for Elders | Governing summary term for the whole qualifications list; a real, checkable reputational standard, not unattainable perfectionism. |
| Husband of one wife | μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ | mias gynaikos anēr | муж одной жены | New | Medium | 1:6 | Qualifications for Elders | Render literally; carry interpretive debate (monogamy vs. fidelity) in exposition, not in the translation itself. |
| Sound/healthy teaching (doctrine) | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα / λόγος ὑγιής | didaskalia hygiainousa / logos hygiēs | здравое учение / здравая речь | New | Medium-High | 1:9, 2:1, 2:8 | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | Live medical/body-health metaphor in Greek, weaker in Russian (survives mainly in the fossilized idiom “здравый смысл”); exposition should periodically restore the “healthy vs. diseased” body-metaphor explicitly. |
| Steward | οἰκονόμος | oikonomos | домоправитель / управитель | New | Low-Medium | 1:7 | Qualifications for Elders | Elder as God’s household-manager; standard term, low risk. |
| Empty talkers / mind-deceivers | ματαιολόγοι / φρεναπάται | mataiologoi / phrenapatai | пустословы / обманщики умов | New | Medium | 1:10 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Characterizes the false teachers; vivid, rare Greek compounds — ensure Russian retains the insult’s force. |
| Disqualified / Unfit (for good works) | ἀδόκιμος | adokimos | негодный / неспособный (к добру) | New | Medium | 1:16 | Sound Doctrine and Good Works (contrast) | Ironic negative echo of the letter’s positive good-works refrain; note the deliberate contrast in exposition. |
Submission to Authority Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Submit / Be subject to | ὑποτάσσω | hypotassō | покоряться / повиноваться / подчиняться | New | High | 2:5 (wives), 2:9 (slaves), 3:1 (citizens) | Submission to Authority | Same verb spans three distinct relationships in Titus; render consistently across all three occurrences so the pattern is visible. Must not be read as endorsing submission to unjust or ungodly commands; exposition should note the qualified character Paul assumes elsewhere, without importing that qualification into the bare verse. |
| Rulers and authorities | ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι | archai kai exousiai | начальства и власти | New | High | 3:1 | Submission to Authority | Direct parallel to Romans 13:1-7, already flagged politically sensitive in the baseline; apply the same native-speaker/theologian-adjacent review routing here. |
| Obey (authorities) | πειθαρχέω | peitharcheō | покоряться / быть готовым к послушанию | New | Medium | 3:1 | Submission to Authority | Near-synonym doubling with ὑποτάσσω; ensure Russian preserves Paul’s rhetorical doubling rather than collapsing to one word. |
| Master (of a household/slave) | δεσπότης | despotēs | господин | New | Medium-High | 2:9 | Submission to Authority | Household-slavery material requires historical-critical framing common to all NT household codes; flag for native-speaker/theologian review, consistent with baseline’s sensitivity to authority passages. |
| Insubordinate / Rebellious | ἀνυπότακτος | anypotaktos | непокорный | New | Medium | 1:6, 1:10 | Submission to Authority (contrast) | Negative pole of the ὑποτάσσω word-group; recognize the connection in exposition. |
Avoiding Divisive Controversies Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divisive/factious person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | hairetikos anthrōpos | человек, вызывающий разделения (descriptive) — AVOID bare “еретик” | New | High | 3:10 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | False-friend trap: modern Russian “еретик/ересь” carries the full historic weight of Ecumenical Council condemnation and the 17th-century Old Believer Schism (раскол) — far heavier than Paul’s pastoral concern with a quarrelsome, faction-forming individual. Use a descriptive rendering; flag for theologian review. |
| Controversy / Speculation | ζήτησις | zētēsis | состязания / споры | New | Medium | 3:9 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Distinguish in exposition from legitimate doctrinal teaching/defense (1:9, 1:13) so the letter is not read as anti-doctrine as such. |
| Genealogy | γενεαλογία | genealogia | родословия | New | Low | 3:9 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Concrete example of unproductive controversy, tied to the “Jewish myths” of 1:14. |
| Quarrel / Strife | ἔρις | eris | распри | New | Low-Medium | 3:9 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Names the relational damage such disputes cause. |
| Fights about the law | μάχαι νομικαί | machai nomikai | распри о законе | New | Medium | 3:9 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Ties to закон (TM-established) and to the “circumcision party” of 1:10. |
| Unprofitable / Worthless | ἀνωφελής, μάταιος | anōphelēs, mataios | бесполезны и суетны | New | Low-Medium | 3:9 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Deliberate verbal contrast with 3:8’s ὠφέλιμα (“profitable”) — same root, opposite verdict. |
| Admonition / Warning | νουθεσία | nouthesia | вразумление / предупреждение | New | Low-Medium | 3:10 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Prescribed patient, two-stage warning process before final action. |
| Reject / Have nothing to do with | παραιτέομαι | paraiteomai | отвращайся / отстранись | New | Medium | 3:10 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | Relational/associational distancing, not unqualified license for disproportionate exclusion. |
| Jewish myths / Commandments of men | Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι / ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων | Ioudaikoi mythoi / entolai anthrōpōn | иудейские басни / человеческие заповеди | New | Medium | 1:14 | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | The specific content Paul warns against; note care needed not to generalize into an unqualified anti-Jewish framing — the target is a specific legalistic/speculative teaching movement (the “circumcision party,” 1:10), not Judaism as such, echoing the baseline’s caution on antisemitism sensitivity in Romans 9-11. |
Regeneration and Trinitarian Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Doctrine | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | Pneuma Hagion | Святой Дух | TM-Reuse | Medium | 3:5 | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | Reused exactly. Must not be rendered “дух” alone per baseline. |
| God | Θεός | Theos | Бог | TM-Reuse | Critical | 1:1 | (all doctrines) | Reused exactly. |
| Jesus Christ | Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | Iēsous Christos | Иисус Христос | TM-Reuse | Critical/Medium | 1:1 | Deity of Christ | Reused exactly; Иисус spelling required (never Исус). |
| our great God and Savior Jesus Christ | τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ | tou megalou Theou kai sōtēros hēmōn Iēsou Christou | нашего великого Бога и Спасителя Иисуса Христа | New compound | Critical | 2:13 | Deity of Christ | Single-article Greek construction identifies ONE referent (Jesus Christ as “great God”); Russian syntax must not permit a two-referent misreading. Elevated above the baseline’s general Medium “deity_of_christ” tier for this specific verse; requires theologian review every occurrence. |
| Elect / Chosen | ἐκλεκτοί | eklektoi | избранные | TM-Reuse | High | 1:1 | Election (cross-reference) | Reused exactly per baseline “election” entry (избрание); must not default to судьба/рок/предопределение unqualified. |
| Faith / Believed | πίστις / πιστεύω | pistis / pisteuō | вера / уверовавшие | TM-Reuse | High | 1:1, 1:4, 3:8 | Faith | Reused exactly per baseline; object of faith (God/Christ) must remain explicit, not generic religious identification. |
| Truth | ἀλήθεια | alētheia | истина | New | Low | 1:1 | (supporting term) | Standard, low ambiguity. |
| Peace | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | мир | TM-Reuse | Medium | 1:4 | Peace with God (cross-reference) | Reused exactly per baseline; distinguish from “the world” and political-peace senses. |
| Hope of eternal life | ἐλπὶς ζωῆς αἰωνίου | elpis zōēs aiōniou | надежда вечной жизни | New | Low-Medium | 1:2, 3:7 | (supporting term) | Standard, low ambiguity. |
| A people for [his] own possession | λαὸς περιούσιος | laos periousios | народ особенный | New | Medium-High | 2:14 | Election (cross-reference) | Echoes OT “treasured possession” covenant language (Exod 19:5, Deut 7:6); “особенный” risks flattening to mere “unusual” in modern colloquial Russian — connect explicitly to the baseline’s избрание (election) doctrine. |
| Zealous for good works | ζηλωτής καλῶν ἔργων | zēlōtēs kalōn ergōn | ревностный к добрым делам | New | Medium | 2:14 | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | See “good works” entry above; the fruit-not-root relationship to grace must be explicit. |
| Redeem | λυτρόομαι | lytroomai | искупить | New | Medium-High | 2:14 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Ransom/price sense should not be flattened into generic “rescue.” |
| Gave himself for us | ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν | edōken heauton hyper hēmōn | отдал Себя за нас | New | High | 2:14 | Salvation by Grace not Works | Atonement/substitution language; flag for theologian review per baseline’s escalation rule for atonement/propitiation content. |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία | anomia | беззаконие | New | Low-Medium | 2:14 | (supporting term) | Direct negation of закон (TM-established). |
Automated-Review-Only (Low Risk) Terms
| Term (EN) | Greek | Translit. | Russian Rendering | Status | Risk | First Ref. | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Servant/slave of God | δοῦλος Θεοῦ | doulos Theou | раб Божий | New | Low | 1:1 | Cultural asset: deeply embedded devotional Russian phrase. |
| Apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostolos | апостол | TM-Reuse | Medium | 1:1 | Reused exactly per baseline. |
| Full knowledge of the truth | ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας | epignōsis alētheias | познание истины | New | Low | 1:1 | Standard. |
| Kindness/gentleness/considerateness word-group | ἐπιεικής, πραΰτης | epieikēs, prautēs | снисходительный, кротость | New | Low-Medium | 3:2 | Standard virtue vocabulary. |
| Vice list (before conversion) | ἀνόητος, ἀπειθής, πλανώμενος, κακία, φθόνος, στυγητός | anoētos, apeitheis, planōmenos, kakia, phthonos, stygētoi | неразумный, непокорный, заблуждающийся, злоба, зависть, отвратительный | New | Low-Medium | 3:3 | Supports “universal_human_accountability” cross-reference from Romans baseline; group treatment sufficient, no individual Critical/High flags needed. |
| Send on one’s way | προπέμπω | propempō | отправить (в путь) | New | Low | 3:13 | Standard hospitality vocabulary. |
| Lawyer (occupation) | νομικός | nomikos | законник / юрист | New | Low | 3:13 | Occupational title for Zenas; distinct sense from adjectival use in 3:9. |
| Unfruitful | ἄκαρπος | akarpos | бесплодны | New | Low | 3:14 | Standard agricultural metaphor. |
Cross-Reference Notes to Baseline Romans Doctrines
The following Titus terms/doctrines directly extend or intersect baseline Romans doctrine-risk entries and must be treated consistently with those existing entries during Phase 2:
- Grace (Titus 2:11, 3:7, 3:15) ↔ Romans “grace” (Critical)
- Salvation / Justification (Titus 3:5-7) ↔ Romans “salvation” and “justification” (both Critical)
- Sanctification-adjacent Regeneration (Titus 3:5, παλιγγενεσία/ἀνακαίνωσις) ↔ Romans “sanctification” (Critical) — related but distinct doctrine; do not merge the two terms, but flag with the same East-West review rigor.
- Election (Titus 1:1 ἐκλεκτοί; 2:14 λαὸς περιούσιος) ↔ Romans “election” (High)
- Submission to Authority (Titus 3:1) ↔ Romans “government/authority” sensitivity note (Romans 13:1-7)
- Adoption/Inheritance (Titus 3:7 κληρονόμοι) ↔ Romans “adoption” (High)
- Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13) ↔ Romans “deity_of_christ” (Medium) — Titus 2:13 warrants elevation to Critical for this specific verse given its more explicit single-article construction.
- Universal Human Accountability (Titus 3:3) ↔ Romans “universal_human_accountability” (Medium)
- Antisemitism sensitivity (Titus 1:10-14, “circumcision party,” “Jewish myths”) ↔ Romans “unity_of_jews_and_gentiles” (High) — apply the same caution against generalizing polemic into anti-Jewish framing.
End of Phase 1 Step 1 deliverables for Titus. Proceed to Step 2 (Cultural/Doctrinal Risk Deep-Dive) using these two documents as the term inventory baseline.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: благодать
Transliteration: blagodat’
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: милость, дар, везение, удача
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus, this is the letter’s most concentrated term: it is personified as the subject that both ‘appeared’ (2:11) and ‘trains/disciplines’ (2:12, see paideuo_trains) believers, and is named as justification’s basis (3:7) and part of the letter’s closing benediction inclusio (1:4/3:15). The baseline’s caution about Orthodox uncreated-energies/theosis absorption applies with full force; the ‘apart from works’ contrast (3:5) must be stated explicitly every time this term governs a core-passage segment.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: праведность
Transliteration: pravednost’
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: справедливость, честность
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. In Titus 3:5, appears inside the compound ‘дела праведности’ (works of righteousness, see works_of_righteousness below), explicitly excluded as salvation’s ground. Must never be rendered справедливость.
Justification
Approved rendering: оправдание
Transliteration: opravdaniye
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: прощение грехов, искупление
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7, ‘having been justified by his grace’ (оправданные/получив оправдание благодатью). Must preserve the forensic ‘declared righteous’ sense and not collapse into ‘forgiven’ alone or into a sacramental/theosis framework, exactly as the baseline instructs for Romans 3-5, and must be kept distinct from (though related to) the regeneration named in 3:5.
Salvation
Approved rendering: спасение
Transliteration: spaseniye
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: избавление (acceptable narrowly for ‘deliverance’), освобождение
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s aorist ἔσωσεν (‘he saved,’ спас) anchors salvation to a completed past act, reinforcing (not weakening) the baseline’s caution against спасение defaulting into an open-ended Orthodox theosis process.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: освящение
Transliteration: osvyashcheniye
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit (cross-reference)
Rejected alternatives: обожение (reserve for explicit theosis discussion only), очищение
Inherited from Romans package. Titus does not use this exact term, but Titus 3:5-6’s regeneration/renewal (see regeneration, renewal below) is a related, not identical, doctrine and must be cross-referenced with the same East-West rigor as this baseline entry; do not merge освящение and возрождение as synonyms.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Иисус
Transliteration: Iisus
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Исус (Old Believer spelling, avoid)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout Titus, notably within the high-Christology construction of 2:13. Иисус required; never Исус.
God
Approved rendering: Бог
Transliteration: Bog
Doctrine: Deity of Christ / Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: Всевышний (acceptable poetic synonym only)
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Named throughout Titus, including directly of Jesus Christ in 2:13’s single-article ‘great God and Savior’ construction (see great_god_and_savior below).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Святой Дух
Transliteration: Svyatoy Dukh
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: дух (never use alone), энергия
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5-6: the agent of regeneration and renewal, ‘poured out richly through Jesus Christ.’ Must never be rendered ‘дух’ alone.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: нашего великого Бога и Спасителя Иисуса Христа
Transliteration: nashego velikogo Boga i Spasitelya Iisusa Khrista
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13 construction)
Rejected alternatives: великого Бога, и Спасителя нашего Иисуса Христа (ambiguous comma-driven two-referent misreading — forbidden)
Original: τοῦ μεγάλου Θεοῦ καὶ σωτῆρος ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Christology
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:13’s single-article Greek construction identifies ONE referent: Jesus Christ directly named ‘great God and Savior.’ Russian syntax must be structured so ‘Иисуса Христа’ is unmistakably in apposition to both ‘Бога’ and ‘Спасителя’ as one person. Elevated above the baseline’s general Medium ‘deity_of_christ’ tier for this specific verse. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: возрождение
Transliteration: vozrozhdeniye
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: новое рождение (acceptable descriptive gloss only, not primary term)
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Regeneration
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:5, παλιγγενεσία, a rare NT word describing a decisive, once-for-all new beginning. Collides directly with Russian Orthodox sacramental theology, which closely identifies this new birth with the rite of baptism itself; a Protestant-shaped monergistic, Spirit-wrought reading must be stated explicitly. Also fence against secular возрождение’s ‘cultural revival’ sense (e.g. культурное возрождение) by pairing with ‘духовное’ or explicit theological framing. Requires theologian review at every occurrence.
Works Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: дела праведности
Transliteration: dela pravednosti
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: заслуженная праведность (from Romans baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry — do not substitute)
Original: ἔργα τὰ ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus (compound of TM terms дела + праведность). Titus 3:5, explicitly excluded as salvation’s ground. Must be held in explicit, taught tension with ‘good_works’ below, which the same letter commands repeatedly as salvation’s fruit — never truncate to bare ‘дела’ without a qualifier, since Russian offers no morphological signal distinguishing the two phrases from shared-root synonymy.
Overseer Bishop
Approved rendering: надзиратель
Transliteration: nadzitatel’
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: епископ unqualified (FORBIDDEN in running text — silently imports a monoepiscopal reading Paul’s grammar contradicts; permitted ONLY inside a bracketed technical gloss, e.g. ‘(греч. episkopos, «надзиратель» — не архиерейский сан)‘)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:7, ἐπίσκοπος, used by Paul interchangeably with πρεσβύτερος (compare 1:5 and 1:7) for ONE plural, congregational office. The standard modern Russian word епископ names a singular, higher, diocesan office in Russian Orthodox/Catholic ecclesiology — a false-friend collision, not a neutral cognate. Requires theologian review at every occurrence, on par with the baseline’s treatment of ‘church.‘
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: вера
Transliteration: vera
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: доверие, убеждение
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1, 1:4, 3:8 (‘those who have believed God,’ уверовавшие). Object of faith (Бог/Христос) must remain explicit and personal, not generic Orthodox religious-cultural identification, exactly as the baseline requires.
Adoption
Approved rendering: усыновление
Transliteration: usynovleniye
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance (cross-reference)
Rejected alternatives: принятие в семью
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:7’s ‘heirs’ (наследники, see heir below) presumes and extends this doctrine; the same post-Soviet orphanage-culture (детский дом) associations apply and must be explicitly countered with full inheritance-rights framing.
Law
Approved rendering: закон
Transliteration: zakon
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies (narrower Titus usage)
Rejected alternatives: правило, заповедь (reserve for individual commandments)
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:9 (‘fights about the law,’ распри о законе) and 3:13 (νομικός, ‘lawyer,’ distinct occupational sense). Titus’s usage is narrower than Romans’ extended law-gospel argument (unproductive legal disputation among false teachers); do not import Romans 2-7’s fuller argument where Titus’s usage is incidental.
Glory
Approved rendering: слава
Transliteration: slava
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (Titus 2:13 construction) / Blessed Hope
Rejected alternatives: почёт, величие
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:13 names the ‘blessed hope’ as the appearing of ‘the glory of our great God and Savior Jesus Christ’ — the objective content of the returning Christ’s visible majesty, not a casual exclamation register.
Election
Approved rendering: избрание
Transliteration: izbraniye
Doctrine: Election / God’s Chosen People
Rejected alternatives: судьба, рок, предопределение (use only with careful qualification)
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies Titus 1:1 (‘God’s elect,’ избранные Божии, see elect_chosen below) and 2:14 (‘a people for his own possession,’ see people_for_his_own_possession below). Must not default to судьба/рок/предопределение unqualified.
Mercy
Approved rendering: милость
Transliteration: milost’
Doctrine: Mercy and Grace Distinguished
Rejected alternatives: сострадание (too weak, loses covenantal/relational weight)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus. Distinct Greek term (ἔλεος) from χάρις, named alongside it in Titus 1:4 and alone as salvation’s stated ground in 3:5 (‘according to his own mercy he saved us’). IMPORTANT: the Romans baseline’s rejection of милость as a substitute FOR grace does NOT apply here — милость is the correct, required rendering for this distinct concept. Do not conflate with благодать; keep the two-term Pauline distinction visible in Russian exactly as in Greek.
Savior
Approved rendering: Спаситель
Transliteration: Spasitel’
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works / Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: избавитель (too generic, loses title-weight), сотер (unnecessary transliteration)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW for Titus. σωτήρ occurs six times (1:3, 1:4, 2:10, 2:13, 3:4, 3:6), applied interchangeably to God the Father and to Jesus Christ, more heavily favored in this letter than κύριος (‘Lord’). Native Russian word, not transliterated; render identically at every occurrence to preserve the letter’s high-Christology pattern culminating in 2:13.
Washing
Approved rendering: омовение
Transliteration: omoveniye
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: баня (Synodal-register only, with mandatory clarifying gloss)
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Regeneration
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:5, λουτρόν. The Synodal баня now overwhelmingly denotes a bathhouse/sauna in contemporary Russian and risks unintended incongruity or humor (‘баня возрождения’) if used without explanation. Use омовение in all expository/teaching text; reserve баня exclusively for direct Synodal Scripture quotation with a clarifying footnote.
Good Works
Approved rendering: добрые дела
Transliteration: dobryye dela
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ / ἀγαθὰ ἔργα
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. καλὰ/ἀγαθὰ ἔργα, the letter’s controlling ethical refrain (1:16, 2:7, 2:14, 3:1, 3:8, 3:14). Render identically at every occurrence. Must be held in explicit, taught tension with ‘works_of_righteousness’ above; never truncate to bare ‘дела.‘
Paideuo Trains
Approved rendering: воспитывающая
Transliteration: vospityvayushchaya
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: научающая (Synodal-register only; softens the parental-formation force and must not be the primary expository rendering)
Original: παιδεύω
Category: Godly Living
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:12, παιδεύω. Doctrinal keystone of the curriculum’s title doctrine — grace is the grammatical subject actively forming character, not merely informing the mind. Use воспитывающая in all expository text; permit научающая only inside direct Synodal Scripture citation blocks with a glossing footnote on first use per document.
Godliness
Approved rendering: благочестие
Transliteration: blagochestiye
Doctrine: Godliness as the Fruit of Grace
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Godly Living
NEW for Titus. εὐσέβεια, the letter’s dominant positive-virtue term (1:1, 2:12). In Russian Orthodox usage tightly bound to traditional ritual/liturgical piety (fasting, church attendance, feast observance); must be explicitly anchored to grace (2:11) as source, not to ritual observance, paralleling the baseline’s caution about обещание веры/‘obedience_of_faith’ collapsing into соблюдение обрядов.
Self Control Word Group
Approved rendering: целомудрие / здравомыслие
Transliteration: tselomudriye / zdravomysliye
Doctrine: Godliness as the Fruit of Grace
Rejected alternatives: благоразумие (acceptable secondary gloss for σωφρόνως in some contexts)
Original: σωφροσύνη / σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφρονίζω
Category: Godly Living
NEW for Titus. σωφροσύνη/σώφρων/σωφρόνως/σωφρονίζω, occurring six-plus times (1:8; 2:2, 2:4, 2:5, 2:6; 2:12) — a major structural term. целомудрие’s default modern sense (sexual chastity specifically) is narrower than the Greek’s comprehensive self-mastery sense (speech, temper, appetite, sexuality alike); vary/alternate with здравомыслие and broaden explicitly at each occurrence rather than repeating one narrow definition.
Elder
Approved rendering: пресвитер
Transliteration: presviter
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: старец (reserve exclusively for the distinct Orthodox monastic-elder/sage sense; never use for this office)
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:5, πρεσβύτερος. Comfortable, already-established term in Russian Evangelical/Baptist usage — an asset. Exposition must clarify this names a congregational teaching-and-oversight office with specific, checkable qualifications, not a charismatic monastic sage.
Older Man Woman
Approved rendering: пожилой мужчина / пожилая женщина
Transliteration: pozhilo mushchina / pozhilaya zhenshchina
Doctrine: Household Code Relationships (contrast with Qualifications for Elders)
Rejected alternatives: старец / старица (Synodal-register; FORBIDDEN in expository text — collides with the exalted Orthodox monastic spiritual-elder/sage category)
Original: πρεσβύτης / πρεσβύτις
Category: Church Leadership
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:2-3, πρεσβύτης/πρεσβύτις — an age-based category, grammatically and lexically distinct from the office-title πρεσβύτερος (elder, see ‘elder’ above), though English ‘elder(s)’ can blur the two. Flag explicitly for native-speaker review to prevent readers importing monastic-elder associations.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: здравое учение
Transliteration: zdravoye ucheniye
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα / λόγος ὑγιής
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα / λόγος ὑγιής (1:9; 2:1, 2:8). The Greek’s vivid ‘healthy body’ medical metaphor survives in Russian mainly as the fossilized idiom здравый смысл (‘common sense’); exposition should periodically restore the ‘healthy vs. diseased’ body-metaphor explicitly to preserve the contrast with the false teachers of 1:10-16.
Submit
Approved rendering: покоряться
Transliteration: pokoryat’sya
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: подчиняться (reserve for πειθαρχέω doubling at 3:1, not as a substitute for ὑποτάσσω itself), повиноваться (secondary acceptable variant only if consistency across 2:5/2:9/3:1 is maintained)
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority and Submission
NEW for Titus. ὑποτάσσω spans three distinct relationships: wives to husbands (2:5), slaves to masters (2:9), citizens to civil authorities (3:1). Select ONE primary rendering (покоряться) and use it consistently across all three occurrences so the authorial pattern is visible. Must not be read as endorsing submission to unjust or ungodly commands.
Rulers And Authorities
Approved rendering: начальства и власти
Transliteration: nachal’stva i vlasti
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Authority and Submission
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:1, ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι. Direct parallel to Romans 13:1-7, already flagged politically sensitive in the baseline given ongoing relevance to church-state relations in Russia; apply the same native-speaker/theologian-adjacent review routing.
Master
Approved rendering: господин
Transliteration: gospodin
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority and Submission
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:9, δεσπότης. Names the slave-owner in the household code, parallel to ἀρχαὶ/ἐξουσίαι at 3:1. Requires careful historical-critical framing common to all NT household codes, distinguishing the text’s original social setting from any contemporary endorsement of literal slavery.
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: человек, вызывающий разделения
Transliteration: chelovek, vyzyvayushchiy razdeleniya
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: еретик (FORBIDDEN — imports the full weight of Ecumenical Council anathemas and, via раскольник/раскол, the 17th-century Old Believer Schism)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:10, αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος. In its earliest usage αἵρεσις means ‘faction, chosen course,’ only later narrowing to the technical sense ‘heresy’; Paul means a person who causes division, not necessarily one condemned for formal doctrinal heterodoxy. Use the descriptive phrase consistently; flag for theologian review specifically to verify the forbidden cognate was avoided.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: иудейские басни / человеческие заповеди
Transliteration: iudeyskiye basni / chelovecheskiye zapovedi
Doctrine: False Teachers and the ‘Circumcision Party’
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι / ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:14, Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι / ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων. Care is needed not to generalize this specific polemic against a legalistic/speculative teaching movement (the ‘circumcision party,’ 1:10) into an unqualified anti-Jewish framing, echoing the baseline’s antisemitism-sensitivity caution for Romans 9-11.
Elect Chosen
Approved rendering: избранные Божии
Transliteration: izbrannyye Bozhii
Doctrine: Election / God’s Chosen People
Rejected alternatives: судьба, рок, предопределение unqualified
Original: ἐκλεκτοί (cf. ἐκλογή)
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus, TM-REUSE of the baseline Romans ‘election’ root (избрание). Titus 1:1, ἐκλεκτοί. Must not be rendered with судьба, рок, or an unqualified предопределение.
People For His Own Possession
Approved rendering: народ особенный
Transliteration: narod osobennyy
Doctrine: Election / God’s Chosen People
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:14, λαὸς περιούσιος, echoing LXX Exodus 19:5 / Deuteronomy 7:6, 14:2. особенный risks flattening the weighty OT ‘treasured possession’ sense into mere ‘unusual/distinctive’ in ordinary modern Russian; must be connected explicitly to избрание (election, High) with a mandatory cross-reference gloss to Исход 19:5 / Втор. 7:6 on first occurrence.
Redeem
Approved rendering: искупить
Transliteration: iskupit’
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: спасти (too generic, loses the ransom/price sense)
Original: λυτρόομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:14, λυτρόομαι. The ransom/price sense of the underlying metaphor should not be flattened into a generic ‘rescue.‘
Gave Himself For Us
Approved rendering: отдал Себя за нас
Transliteration: otdal Sebya za nas
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:14, ἔδωκεν ἑαυτὸν ὑπὲρ ἡμῶν. Atonement/substitution language; flag for theologian review per the baseline’s escalation rule for atonement/propitiation content (cf. Romans 3:25 handling).
Medium Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: апостол
Transliteration: apostol
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: посланник, проповедник
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1, establishing Paul’s delegated authority for the letter’s commands, including the elder qualifications of 1:5-9.
Holy
Approved rendering: святой
Transliteration: svyatoy
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: чистый, непорочный
Inherited from Romans package. Not a frequent independent term in Titus itself, but retained as the root underlying ‘sanctification’ below and for consistency with any expository cross-reference to holiness.
Peace
Approved rendering: мир
Transliteration: mir
Doctrine: Peace with God (cross-reference)
Rejected alternatives: спокойствие, покой
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4, named alongside grace and mercy in the epistolary greeting — the one place in Titus where мир must be immediately distinguished from both ‘the world’ and political-peace senses at first occurrence.
Father
Approved rendering: Отец
Transliteration: Otets
Doctrine: Deity of Christ (background) / Adoption and Inheritance (cross-reference)
Rejected alternatives: батюшка (reserve exclusively for addressing an Orthodox priest)
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4: ‘grace, mercy, and peace from God the Father and Christ Jesus our Savior.’ батюшка must never be used for God the Father, per baseline.
Renewal
Approved rendering: обновление
Transliteration: obnovleniye
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Regeneration
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:5, ἀνακαίνωσις, paired with but distinct from the decisive new birth (regeneration) named in the same phrase — an ongoing, Spirit-wrought counterpart to the once-for-all crisis. Echoes Romans 12:2’s ‘renewal of the mind’ (обновление ума), a helpful, low-risk teaching cross-reference.
Heir
Approved rendering: наследник
Transliteration: naslednik
Doctrine: Adoption and Inheritance
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:7, κληρονόμος. Connects to the baseline’s ‘adoption’ doctrine (усыновление, High) without duplicating its vocabulary — inheritance is adoption’s legal consequence. Should be explicitly cross-referenced to full inheritance-rights teaching (cf. Romans 8:17), given post-Soviet orphanage-culture sensitivities.
Epiphaneia Appearing
Approved rendering: явление
Transliteration: yavleniye
Doctrine: Blessed Hope / Return of Christ
Rejected alternatives: второе пришествие (do NOT use at 2:13 — destroys the deliberate literary bracket with 2:11/3:4)
Original: ἐπιφάνεια / ἐπιφαίνω
Category: Godly Living
NEW for Titus. ἐπιφάνεια/ἐπιφαίνω, a technical Pastoral-Epistles term applied to both Christ’s first advent (2:11, 3:4) and his future return (2:13) — a deliberate literary bracket around the core passage. Distinct from воплощение (incarnation, TM-established). Render identically at all three occurrences, overriding the natural pull toward второе пришествие even at 2:13.
Philanthropia
Approved rendering: человеколюбие
Transliteration: chelovekolyubiye
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: филантропия (secularized loanword, avoid)
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: Godly Living
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:4, φιλανθρωπία. Established Church-Slavonic-heritage theological term, an asset here (not secularized the way English ‘philanthropy’ is). Minor risk of a secular reader hearing only ‘charitable activity’ rather than God’s redemptive motive; brief contextual anchoring recommended.
Chrestotes Kindness
Approved rendering: доброта / благость
Transliteration: dobrota / blagost’
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: χρηστότης
Category: Godly Living
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:4, χρηστότης, paired with φιλανθρωπία as the divine motive behind salvation. Standard, transparent term; ensure it is read as a divine attribute here, not a merely human social virtue.
Blameless
Approved rendering: безукоризненный / непорочный
Transliteration: bezukoriznennyy / neporochnyy
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:6, ἀνέγκλητος. Governs the entire elder-qualifications list; a real, checkable reputational standard, not unattainable inward perfectionism — ensure it is not read as sinlessness.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: муж одной жены
Transliteration: muzh odnoy zheny
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ
Category: Church Leadership
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:6, μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ. Render literally; carry all interpretive debate (monogamy vs. general marital fidelity) in exposition, never in the translated phrase itself.
Steward
Approved rendering: домоправитель / управитель
Transliteration: domopravitel’ / upravitel’
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:7, οἰκονόμος. The elder as God’s household-manager; standard, low-ambiguity term beyond ensuring it is read metaphorically of church oversight.
Empty Talkers
Approved rendering: пустословы / обманщики умов
Transliteration: pustoslovy / obmanshchiki umov
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ματαιολόγοι / φρεναπάται
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:10, ματαιολόγοι / φρεναπάται. Vivid, rare Greek compound insults describing the false teachers; ensure Russian retains the force of the insult, not sounding merely quaint or archaic.
Disqualified
Approved rendering: негодный / неспособный (к добру)
Transliteration: negodnyy / nesposobnyy (k dobru)
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (contrast)
Original: ἀδόκιμος
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:16, ἀδόκιμος. Note the deliberate ironic contrast with the letter’s positive good-works refrain — this term is the refrain’s negative mirror image.
Obey Authorities
Approved rendering: покоряться / быть готовыми к послушанию
Transliteration: pokoryat’sya / byt’ gotovymi k poslushaniyu
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: πειθαρχέω
Category: Authority and Submission
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:1, πειθαρχέω. Near-synonym doubling with ὑποτάσσω in the same verse; ensure Russian preserves Paul’s rhetorical doubling rather than repeating one word twice.
Insubordinate
Approved rendering: непокорный
Transliteration: nepokornyy
Doctrine: Submission to Authority (contrast)
Original: ἀνυπότακτος
Category: Authority and Submission
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:6, 1:10, ἀνυπότακτος. Negative pole of the ὑποτάσσω word-group; recognize the connection to 2:5, 2:9, 3:1 in exposition.
Controversy
Approved rendering: состязания / споры
Transliteration: sostyazaniya / spory
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ζήτησις
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:9, ζήτησις. Distinguish in exposition from legitimate doctrinal teaching/defense (1:9, 1:13) so the letter is not read as anti-doctrine or anti-intellectual as such — the target is unproductive speculation, not sound teaching itself.
Quarrel Strife
Approved rendering: распри
Transliteration: raspri
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἔρις
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:9, ἔρις. Names the relational damage caused by unproductive disputation; connects to the letter’s broader concern for unity and gentleness (3:2).
Fights About Law
Approved rendering: распри о законе
Transliteration: raspri o zakone
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:9, μάχαι νομικαί. Render so the connection to закон (TM-established) is visible, reinforcing the tie to the ‘circumcision party’ of 1:10-14.
Unprofitable Worthless
Approved rendering: бесполезны и суетны
Transliteration: bespolezny i suyetny
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: ἀνωφελής, μάταιος
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:9, ἀνωφελής, μάταιος. Note the deliberate verbal contrast with 3:8’s ὠφέλιμα (‘profitable’) — the same root negated.
Admonition
Approved rendering: вразумление / предупреждение
Transliteration: vrazumleniye / preduprezhdeniye
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:10, νουθεσία. Prescribed patient, two-stage warning process before any further action; must not suggest immediate harsh action.
Reject Have Nothing To Do
Approved rendering: отвращайся / отстранись
Transliteration: otvrashchaysya / otstranis’
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: παραιτέομαι
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:10, παραιτέομαι. Should read as relational/associational distancing consistent with the preceding two-stage warning process, not unqualified license for harsh exclusion.
Zealous For Good Works
Approved rendering: ревностный к добрым делам
Transliteration: revnostnyy k dobrym delam
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ζηλωτής καλῶν ἔργων
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:14, ζηλωτής καλῶν ἔργων. Must be held in explicit, taught tension with 3:5’s exclusion of ‘works of righteousness’ as salvation’s ground — the fruit-not-root relationship to grace must be stated, not assumed.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: беззаконие
Transliteration: bezzakoniye
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. Titus 2:14, ἀνομία. Direct negation of закон (TM-established); names total moral disorder, not isolated infractions.
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: верно это слово
Transliteration: verno eto slovo
Doctrine: Faithful Sayings as Authoritative Teaching
Original: Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:8, Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος. A formulaic Pastoral-Epistles marker authenticating the preceding statement (3:4-7) as settled, authoritative doctrine; must be recognizable as such, not read as an ordinary transitional phrase.
Low Risk Terms
Exhort
Approved rendering: увещевать
Transliteration: uveshchevat’
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works (Titus’s teaching authority)
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:15 (‘speak… exhort… rebuke,’ говори… увещевай/ободряй… обличай) pairs this with speaking and rebuking as three distinct facets of Titus’s teaching authority.
Genealogy
Approved rendering: родословия
Transliteration: rodosloviya
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογία
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:9, γενεαλογία. Concrete example of unproductive controversy, tied to the ‘Jewish myths’ of 1:14.
Servant Of God
Approved rendering: раб Божий
Transliteration: rab Bozhiy
Doctrine: General
Original: δοῦλος Θεοῦ
Category: General
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:1, δοῦλος Θεοῦ. An asset in Russian: deeply embedded in everyday Orthodox devotional/liturgical usage, used of any believer in prayer.
Full Knowledge Of Truth
Approved rendering: познание истины
Transliteration: poznaniye istiny
Doctrine: General
Original: ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας
Category: General
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:1, ἐπίγνωσις ἀληθείας. Standard, low-ambiguity rendering.
Hope Of Eternal Life
Approved rendering: надежда вечной жизни
Transliteration: nadezhda vechnoy zhizni
Doctrine: General
Original: ἐλπὶς ζωῆς αἰωνίου
Category: General
NEW for Titus. Titus 1:2, 3:7, ἐλπὶς ζωῆς αἰωνίου. Render identically at both occurrences.
Kindness Gentleness Group
Approved rendering: снисходительный, кротость
Transliteration: snishoditel’nyy, krotost’
Doctrine: General
Original: ἐπιεικής, πραΰτης
Category: General
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:2, ἐπιεικής, πραΰτης. Ensure снисходительный is not read as weakness but as considered forbearance.
Vice List Before Conversion
Approved rendering: неразумный, непокорный, заблуждающийся, злоба, зависть, отвратительный
Transliteration: nerazumnyy, nepokornyy, zabluzhdayushchiysya, zloba, zavist’, otvratitel’nyy
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works (contrast backdrop)
Original: ἀνόητος, ἀπειθής, πλανώμενος, κακία, φθόνος, στυγητός
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:3. Supports the baseline’s ‘universal_human_accountability’ cross-reference; group treatment sufficient. Must not be read as describing only a distant pagan ‘other’ but Titus’s/Paul’s own former condition, by extension every believer’s.
Send On Ones Way
Approved rendering: отправить (в путь)
Transliteration: otpravit’ (v put’)
Doctrine: General
Original: προπέμπω
Category: General
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:13, προπέμπω. Standard hospitality vocabulary.
Lawyer Occupation
Approved rendering: законник / юрист
Transliteration: zakonnik / yurist
Doctrine: General
Original: νομικός
Category: General
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:13, νομικός. Occupational title for Zenas, distinct sense from the adjectival use in 3:9; illustrates the law itself is not condemned, only unproductive disputing about it.
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: бесплодны
Transliteration: besplodny
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Sound Doctrine and Ethics
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:14, ἄκαρπος. Standard agricultural metaphor for spiritual barrenness.
Self Condemned
Approved rendering: сам себя осудил
Transliteration: sam sebya osudil
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: αὐτοκατάκριτος
Category: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
NEW for Titus. Titus 3:11, αὐτοκατάκριτος. Standard periphrastic rendering of this rare Greek compound; the divisive person’s own continued behavior after warning constitutes the verdict.
Referenced passages