Passage

Romans 10

• Doctrine

  Evangelism

  Use language of proclamation and relational witness; be sensitive to South Africa's own complex history of mission and colonialism when framing evangelistic activity.

  ROM.10.14-15

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Risk that 'having faith' defaults to general religious affiliation or identity rather than Romans' sense of personal, saving trust in Christ specifically; the object of faith must always be made explicit.

  ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  ukholo is standard and well established.

  ROM.10.9-10, ROM.10.17

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment (OT to NT) is not in tension with any competing native cosmology; main risk is treating OT prophecy as generic ancestral wisdom rather than a specific, historically anchored promise.

  ROM.10.11

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  abezizwe ('people of other nations') is the standard, non-racialized rendering.

  ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  ivangeli is well established.

  ROM.10.15-16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  ivangeli is the established Zulu Bible term, a direct loanword.

  ROM.10.15-16

• Glossary Term

  Intercession

  CRITICAL: ukuncengela ('to plead/intercede on behalf of') is the correct general term for prayer on behalf of others (Romans 8:26-27).

  ROM.10.1

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Standard proper name; note the modern nation-state of Israel shares the identical Zulu name, so context should clarify when the biblical people/covenant referent, not the contemporary state, is meant.

  ROM.10.12

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  uJesu is the standard, well-established form across all Zulu Bible translations and denominations.

  ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  ukulungisiswa ('to be made/declared right') is the established compound rendering.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Glossary Term

  Law

  umthetho is the standard term for the Mosaic Law/Torah and for civil law generally.

  ROM.10.11

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  iNkosi is the established Zulu Bible term, but is also the everyday word for a traditional chief or king, an institution very much alive in contemporary Zulu society (the Zulu monarchy remains constitutionally recognized in South Africa).

  ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  iNkosi (Lord) is also the everyday word for a traditional chief or king, an institution still very much alive in contemporary Zulu society.

  ROM.10.9, ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Prayer and Intercession

  CRITICAL: traditional Zulu religious structure holds that amadlozi (ancestors) function as the active intermediaries between the living and the more distant uNkulunkulu, typically consulted through an isangoma.

  ROM.10.1

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  isiprofetho is God-inspired declaration; must be distinguished from ukubhula (divination, casting bones or reading signs to determine ancestral will or foretell events), a live traditional practice.

  ROM.10.11

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  ukulunga ('being right/straight/good') is the established term.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: protection from harm and misfortune is traditionally sought through amadlozi consultation via an isangoma and through muthi (traditional medicine); Romans' salvation through Christ alone (10:9-10) must be stated as categorically distinct from this ancestor-and-medicine-mediated protection framework, not merely as a stronger version of it.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: insindiso (from -sindisa, 'to rescue/save') is the correct and only viable term.

  ROM.10.1, ROM.10.10

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Given South Africa's own recent history of legally enforced racial separation, Romans' argument for the abolition of ethnic/covenantal division in Christ carries acute, current social resonance and should be translated with unambiguous clarity, avoiding racially-loaded vocabulary (see 'gentiles' in translation_memory.json).

  ROM.10.12

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  'No distinction' language resonates directly, and powerfully, with South Africa's own history of apartheid-era racial classification and separation; this curriculum should draw on that resonance explicitly rather than treat the doctrine as merely abstract.

  ROM.10.12-13