Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Transliterated loanword, established in the Zulu Bible tradition.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  No significant competing cultural concept; risk is mainly ensuring readers grasp the specific, foundational, non-repeatable authority Paul claims rather than a generic sent-messenger role.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  CRITICAL: shares the same ubizo-terminology risk documented under Divine Calling; God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called must be kept distinct from the traditional ancestral summons to become an isangoma, and from inhlanhla (luck/fortune).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  ukukhethwa ('to be chosen') is God's sovereign personal choice.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  abezizwe ('people of other nations') is the standard, non-racialized rendering.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  CRITICAL: umusa is also the everyday word for kindness within ubuntu, the deeply held ethic of reciprocal communal obligation, in which kindness shown is typically understood within a web of mutual expectation.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: umusa is the correct and established term, but is also the everyday word for kindness, graciousness, and generosity within ubuntu, the deeply held Zulu and broader Southern African ethic of reciprocal communal obligation ('umuntu ngumuntu ngabantu' — a person is a person through other persons).

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Standard proper name; note the modern nation-state of Israel shares the identical Zulu name, so context should clarify when the biblical people/covenant referent, not the contemporary state, is meant.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  ukulungisiswa ('to be made/declared right') is the established compound rendering.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  CRITICAL: traditional Zulu religious structure often understands uNkulunkulu as a distant creator largely uninvolved in daily affairs, with amadlozi as the active, consulted protectors and guides.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  CRITICAL: ukunakekela kukaNkulunkulu ('God's watchful care') is preferred to state plainly that uNkulunkulu himself, not amadlozi, is personally and actively involved in believers' daily lives and circumstances.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  ukulunga ('being right/straight/good') is the established term.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: protection from harm and misfortune is traditionally sought through amadlozi consultation via an isangoma and through muthi (traditional medicine); Romans' salvation through Christ alone (10:9-10) must be stated as categorically distinct from this ancestor-and-medicine-mediated protection framework, not merely as a stronger version of it.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: insindiso (from -sindisa, 'to rescue/save') is the correct and only viable term.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Given South Africa's own recent history of legally enforced racial separation, Romans' argument for the abolition of ethnic/covenantal division in Christ carries acute, current social resonance and should be translated with unambiguous clarity, avoiding racially-loaded vocabulary (see 'gentiles' in translation_memory.json).

  ROM.11.17-24