Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Peter (English → Cantonese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, drawn from the entire book of 1 Peter (chapters 1–5). Terms marked [BASELINE] reuse the Romans Language Package translation_memory.json rendering exactly, with no deviation permitted. Terms marked [NEW] are introduced by this 1 Peter analysis and must be added to translation memory before Phase 2 processing begins, per the AI Translation Requirements’ “new term” protocol.
Risk tiers: Critical (human theologian review mandatory, every occurrence) · High (human theologian review) · Medium (native speaker review) · Low (automated review sufficient).
1. Trinitarian and Salvation Core Terms — [BASELINE, reused exactly]
| Term (EN) | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Doctrine link | Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | 神 | san4 | Critical | Deity of Christ | throughout | Never 天主/上帝. |
| Jesus | 耶穌 | je4 sou1 | Critical | Lordship of Christ | throughout | Standard form. |
| Christ | 基督 | gei1 duk1 | Critical | Messianic Promise | throughout | Never 彌勒 or wish-granting-deity framing. |
| Lord | 主 | zyu2 | Critical | Lordship of Christ | 1:3, 25; 3:15 | Distinguish from human 主人 (master), see §5. |
| Father | 父 | fu6 | High | Adoption into God’s Family | 1:2, 3, 17 | Distinguish from ancestor veneration. |
| Holy Spirit | 聖靈 | sing3 ling4 | Critical | Sanctification | 1:2, 12; 4:14 | Never bare 靈 (contrast §6 “spirits in prison”). |
| grace | 恩典 | jan1 din2 | Critical | Grace | 1:2, 10, 13; 2:19-20; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5, 10, 12 | Never a temple vow-exchange framing. |
| faith | 信心 | seon3 sam1 | High | Faith | 1:5, 7, 9, 21; 5:9 | Trust in Christ specifically. |
| salvation | 救恩 | gau3 jan1 | Critical | Salvation; Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:5, 9, 10; 3:21 (implicit) | Never 解脫/超度/Guanyin epithet. |
| holy | 聖潔 | sing3 git3 | High | Holiness in Conduct | 1:15-16; 2:5, 9; 3:5 | Not ritual dietary abstinence. |
| holy nation / saints (corporate) | 聖潔嘅國民 (see §3); concept overlaps 聖徒 | sing3 tou4 (if used) | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 2:9 | See §3 for full compound. |
| sanctification | 成聖 | sing4 sing3 | High | Holiness in Conduct | 1:2 | Distinguish from self-cultivation. |
| resurrection | 復活 | fuk6 wut6 | Critical | Living Hope of the Resurrection | 1:3, 21; 3:21 | Never 投胎轉世 / 問米 framing. |
| glory | 榮耀 | wing4 jiu6 | High | Living Hope; Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (5:1 context) | 1:7-8, 11, 21, 24; 4:11, 13-14; 5:1, 4, 10 | Not 面子/威水. |
| called / calling | 蒙召 / 呼召 | mung4 siu6 / fu1 siu6 | High | Divine Calling | 1:15; 2:9, 21; 3:9; 5:10 | Not fate/destiny language. |
| election / chosen | 揀選 | gaan2 syun2 | High | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 1:1-2; 2:4, 6, 9 | Not 命運/八字注定. |
| sin | 罪 | zeoi6 | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 2:22, 24; 3:18; 4:1, 8 | Not 報應. |
| gospel | 福音 | fuk1 jam1 | Medium | Gospel | 1:12, 25; 4:6, 17 | Not prosperity-luck framing. |
| righteousness | 義 | ji6 | Critical | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 2:24; 3:12, 14, 18; 4:18 | Distinguish from 義氣 loyalty-code. |
| power of God | 神嘅大能 | san4 ge3 daai6 nang4 | High | Living Hope; Elders and Humility (5:6) | 1:5; 5:6 | Not 法力/風水. |
| apostle | 使徒 | si2 tou4 | Low | Church as Holy and Royal Priesthood | 1:1 | Not 大師. |
| peace | 平安 | ping4 on1 | Medium | Peace with God | 1:2; 5:14 | Not amulet/almanac framing. |
| covenant (implicit, blood-sprinkling background) | 約 | joek3 | High | Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering | 1:2, 19 (background) | OT Sinai covenant background. |
| prophet(s) | 先知 | sin1 zi1 | Low | Fulfillment of Prophecy | 1:10 | Not fortune-teller/feng shui consultant. |
| fellowship (extended: “share in Christ’s sufferings”) | 團契 (concept extended, see §6) | tyun4 kai3 | Low/High | Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake | 4:13 | See §6 κοινωνέω entry. |
| spiritual gifts | 屬靈恩賜 | suk6 ling4 jan1 ci3 | Medium | Elders and Humility (context of gifting) | 4:10 | Always compound; never bare 恩賜. |
2. The Living Hope of the Resurrection — [NEW terms]
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blessed (be God) | εὐλογητός | 可稱頌 | ho2 cing1 sung6 | Low–Medium | 1:3 | 恭喜發財-style wish-language | Acclamation of character/acts, not a fortune-wish. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | 憐憫 | lin4 man5 | Medium | 1:3; 2:10 | 大慈大悲 (Guanyin epithet) | Must be anchored to the Father’s action through Christ. |
| born again / regenerate | ἀναγεννάω | 重生 | cung4 sang1 | High | 1:3, 23 | 投胎轉世 | A decisive new birth, not reincarnation cycle. |
| living hope | ἐλπὶς ζῶσα | 活潑嘅盼望 | wut6 put3 ge3 paan3 mong6 | High | 1:3 | 睇相算命-style optimism | Letter’s thesis term; keep resurrection-anchored. |
| inheritance | κληρονομία | 基業 | gei1 jip6 | Medium–High | 1:4 | 分家產 (clan property division) | Heavenly, incorruptible, held in trust by God. |
| imperishable, undefiled, unfading | ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος | 不能朽壞、不能污穢、不能衰殘 | bat1 nang4 nau5 waai6 etc. | Medium | 1:4 | — | Teach as a triad. |
| guarded | φρουρέω | 保守 | bou2 sau2 | Medium | 1:5 | 平安符-style protection | Active divine preservation via faith. |
| revealed / revelation (of salvation / of Christ) | ἀποκαλύπτω / ἀποκάλυψις | 顯現 | hin2 jin6 | High | 1:5, 7, 12, 13; 4:13; 5:1 | 顯靈 | Never let 顯現 collapse into shrine-manifestation testimony language. |
| various trials | ποικίλοι πειρασμοί | 百般嘅試煉 | baak3 bun2 ge3 si3 lin6 | High | 1:6; (cf. 4:12 πύρωσις) | 報應 (karmic retribution) | God-permitted refining, not payback for hidden sin. |
| genuineness/testing of faith | δοκίμιον | 信心經過試驗 | seon3 sam1 ging1 gwo3 si3 jim6 | Medium | 1:7 | — | Metallurgical refining image; not a ritual-fire practice. |
| praise, glory, honor | ἔπαινος, δόξα, τιμή | 稱讚、榮耀、尊貴 | cing1 zaan3; wing4 jiu6; zyun1 gwai3 | Medium | 1:7 | 威水 (flashy success) | Derivative glory, not status-achievement. |
| rejoice greatly | ἀγαλλιάω | 大有喜樂 | daai6 jau5 hei2 lok6 | Low | 1:6, 8 | — | Coexists with present grief. |
| inexpressible and glorified joy | χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος καὶ δεδοξασμένη | 講唔出嘅、滿有榮耀嘅喜樂 | gong2 m4 ceot1 ge3, mun5 jau5 wing4 jiu6 ge3 hei2 lok6 | Low–Medium | 1:8 | — | Keep both qualifiers intact. |
| obtaining (the outcome) | κομίζομαι | 得着 | dak1 zoek3 | Low–Medium | 1:9 | 賺得/賺到 (earned wage framing) | Not an earned wage for meritorious performance. |
| outcome/goal | τέλος | 果效 | gwo2 haau6 | Low | 1:9 | — | Standard. |
| soul(s) | ψυχή | 靈魂 | ling4 wan4 | High | 1:9, 22; 2:11, 25; 4:19 | 問米-summonable spirit-entity | Whole-person under God’s care, not a detachable spirit. |
| unfading crown of glory | ἀμαράντινος στέφανος δόξης | 永不衰殘嘅榮耀冠冕 | wing4 jiu6 | Low–Medium | 5:4 | — | Intertextual link to 1:4. |
3. Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood — [NEW terms]
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| living stone | λίθος ζῶν | 活石 | wut6 sek6 | Medium | 2:4-8 | any stone-spirit/object-veneration framing | Christological title. |
| spiritual house | οἶκος πνευματικός | 屬靈嘅殿 | suk6 ling4 ge3 din6 | Critical | 2:5 | 靈宮 | 宮 is a standard HK temple-name element (天后宮); avoid entirely. |
| holy priesthood | ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον | 聖潔嘅祭司 | sing3 git3 ge3 zai3 si1 | Critical | 2:5 | 道士-style ritual specialist framing; 神父 (Catholic priest) conflation | Priesthood of all believers, no mediating caste. |
| spiritual sacrifices | πνευματικὰς θυσίας | 屬靈嘅祭物 | suk6 ling4 ge3 zai3 mat6 | High | 2:5 | literal food/incense offering framing | Non-material acts of worship. |
| chosen race | γένος ἐκλεκτόν | 揀選嘅族類 | gaan2 syun2 ge3 zuk6 leoi6 | Medium | 2:9 | — | — |
| royal priesthood | βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα | 君尊嘅祭司 | gwan1 zyun1 ge3 zai3 si1 | Critical | 2:9 | (same as holy priesthood above) | Same collision profile as ἱεράτευμα. |
| holy nation | ἔθνος ἅγιον | 聖潔嘅國民 | sing3 git3 ge3 gwok3 man4 | High | 2:9 | 王朝/天下-style political-sovereignty framing | Keep spiritual, given HK political sensitivities. |
| people for his own possession / people of God | λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν / λαὸς Θεοῦ | 屬神嘅子民 | suk6 san4 ge3 zi2 man4 | Medium | 2:9-10 | — | — |
| newborn infants; pure spiritual milk | ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη; λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα | 初生嘅嬰仔;純正嘅靈奶 | co1 sang1 ge3 jing1 zai2; seon4 zing3 ge3 ling4 naai5 | Low–Medium | 2:2 | — | Milk = the word (λόγος); tie explicitly to Scripture. |
4. Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake & Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering — [NEW terms]
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| sufferings (of Christ) / suffering (general) | παθήματα / πάσχω | 苦難 / 受苦 | fu2 naan6 / sau6 fu2 | Critical | 1:11; 2:19-24; 3:14-18; 4:1, 13, 19; 5:1, 9 | 報應 (karmic retribution) | Master suffering-vocabulary of the whole book; never a payback-for-sin reading. |
| suffer for righteousness’ sake | πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην | 為義受苦 | wai6 ji6 sau6 fu2 | Critical | 3:14 | 為義氣受苦-style loyalty-code framing | The doctrine’s defining phrase; combines two independently flagged Critical terms. |
| suffering unjustly | ἀδίκως πάσχων | 無辜受苦 | mou4 gu1 sau6 fu2 | High | 2:19 | 報應 | Not evidence of hidden guilt. |
| this is a gracious thing | τοῦτο γὰρ χάρις | (reuse 恩典) | jan1 din2 | Critical | 2:19-20 | any merit-transaction framing | Extended nuance of 恩典, not a new term. |
| bore our sins in his body on the tree | ἀνήνεγκεν … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον | (佢親身)喺木頭上擔當我哋嘅罪 | daam1 dong1 | Critical | 2:24 | 替身 (paper-effigy misfortune-transfer ritual) | The single highest-priority substitution-doctrine flag in the book. |
| lamb without blemish or spot | ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος | 無瑕無疵嘅羊仔 | mou4 haa4 mou4 ci1 ge3 joeng4 zai2 | Critical | 1:19 | ongoing folk sacrificial-appeasement offering framing | OT Passover/sacrificial fulfillment, once-for-all. |
| Christ suffered once, righteous for unrighteous | Χριστὸς ἅπαξ ἔπαθεν … δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων | 基督一次為罪受苦,義嘅代替唔義嘅人 | ji6 / m4 ji6 | Critical | 3:18 | shared-suffering-solidarity-only framing (losing ὑπέρ substitution force) | Must retain vicarious “on behalf of” force. |
| by his wounds you have been healed | τῷ μώλωπι … ἰάθητε | 因佢嘅傷痕,你哋已經得醫治 | soeng1 han4; ji1 hou2 | Medium | 2:24 | literal-physical-healing-only framing | Contextually tied to sin/righteousness, not primarily physical healing. |
| redeemed / ransomed | ἐλυτρώθητε (λυτρόω) | 救贖 | gau3 suk6 | Critical | 1:18 | 還神還願; ordinary commercial buy-back framing | New Critical term not in Romans baseline; costly, personal, once-for-all. |
| put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit | θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζωοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι | 按肉體來講被治死,按靈來講得以復活 | fuk6 wut6 (connective) | High | 3:18 | any framing implying a merely spiritual survival without bodily resurrection | Must remain compatible with Critical bodily-resurrection doctrine. |
5. Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance — [NEW terms]
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| submit / be subject to | ὑποτάσσω | 順服 | seon6 fuk6 | Critical | 2:13, 18; 3:1, 5, 22; 5:5 | 三從四德-style Confucian patriarchal duty-code | Densest, highest-frequency risk term in the book — see full discussion in 07_semantic_analysis.md ch.2-3 notes. |
| king / emperor | βασιλεύς | 君王 | gwan1 wong4 | High | 2:13, 17 | overt political-loyalty framing | Political sensitivity, per baseline “kingdom_of_god” caution. |
| servants/slaves of God | Θεοῦ δοῦλοι | 神嘅奴僕 | san4 ge3 nou4 buk6 | Medium | 2:16 | — | Honorific self-designation, not endorsement of chattel slavery. |
| master (human) | δεσπότης | 主人 | zyu2 jan4 | Medium | 2:18 | — | Never confer 主’s exclusive divine status. |
| respectful/pure conduct (wives) | ἁγνὴ ἀναστροφή | 貞潔嘅品行 | zing1 git3 ge3 ban2 hang4 | High | 3:2 | 貞節牌坊-style chastity-cult framing | Not the historical widow-chastity honor code. |
| weaker vessel | ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος | 較弱嘅器皿 | gaau3 joek6 ge3 hei3 mun5 | Medium | 3:7 | — | Balance with “joint heirs” — full spiritual equality. |
| elect exiles / sojourners / resident aliens | παρεπίδημος / πάροικος | 寄居 / 客旅 | gei3 geoi1 / haak3 leoi5 | Medium | 1:1, 17; 2:11 | — | Theological, not literal immigration, identity. |
| fleshly desires | σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι | 肉體嘅私慾 | juk6 tai2 ge3 si1 juk6 | Medium | 2:11 | 戒口修行-style ascetic dietary-vow framing | — |
| way of life / conduct | ἀναστροφή | 品行 / 行為 | ban2 hang4 / hang4 wai4 | Medium | 1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1-2, 16 | — | Recurring anchor term for Holiness in Conduct doctrine. |
| futile way of life (from the fathers) | ματαία ἀναστροφὴ πατροπαράδοτος | 從祖先所傳嘅虛妄行為 | heoi1 mong5 ge3 hang4 wai4 | Medium–High | 1:18 | — | Critique specific empty practices, not ancestors as persons. |
6. Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits (1 Peter 3:18–22) — [NEW terms, book’s highest-priority risk cluster]
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| went and proclaimed | πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν | 去咗宣講 | syun1 gong2 | Critical | 3:19 | 問米-style spirit-consultation | κηρύσσω = announcement of a settled fact, not two-way communication. |
| spirits in prison | ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν | 監獄裡嘅靈 / 被囚嘅靈 | gaam1 juk6 leoi5 ge3 ling4 | Critical — highest-priority flag in the book | 3:19 | bare 靈 without qualification; 超度-style rescue-of-souls framing | These are most plausibly disobedient fallen angelic spirits from Noah’s era, NOT ancestral or deceased-human spirits; heavy contextual scaffolding required every occurrence. |
| disobedient formerly, in the days of Noah | ἀπειθήσασιν … ἐν ἡμέραις Νῶε | 挪亞嗰陣唔聽從嘅人 | no5 aa3 | Low | 3:20 | — | OT narrative anchor limiting the referent. |
| ark; saved through water | κιβωτός; διεσώθησαν δι᾽ ὕδατος | 方舟;藉住水得救 | fong1 zau1 | Low | 3:20 | — | — |
| baptism | βάπτισμα | 洗禮 | sai2 lai5 | Medium | 3:21 | 洗身驅邪-style exorcistic bathing | Established HK Christian term. |
| appeal/pledge of a good conscience toward God | συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς ἐρώτημα εἰς Θεόν | 向神所作嘅、出於無愧良心嘅懇求 | loeng4 sam1; han2 kau4 | High | 3:21 | 還神還願-style vow-for-favor framing | Response grounded in Christ’s resurrection, not a bargaining vow. |
| angels, authorities, and powers subject to him | ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις … ὑποταγέντες | 天使、掌權者、有能力者(都服咗基督) | tin1 si3 | High | 3:22 | 天庭-style ranked-pantheon framing | Christ uniquely enthroned, not merely most-powerful within a hierarchy of spirit-beings. |
| good conscience | συνείδησις ἀγαθή | 良心 (無愧嘅) | loeng4 sam1 | Medium | 2:19; 3:16, 21 | — | Anchor explicitly to standing before God, not mere social decency/面子. |
7. Elders and Humility — [NEW terms]
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Alternatives rejected | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| elder | πρεσβύτερος | 長老 | zoeng2 lou5 | Medium | 5:1, 5 | 鄉紳/族老-style clan-elder framing | Spiritual office, not kinship-based secular authority. |
| shepherd (verb); exercise oversight | ποιμαίνω; ἐπισκοπέω | 牧養;監督 | muk6 joeng5; gaam1 duk1 | Medium | 5:2; (cf. 2:25) | corporate/bureaucratic “supervisor” framing | Functional pastoral care. |
| not domineering, but examples | μὴ κατακυριεύοντες … τύποι | 唔操縱/轄制,而係作榜樣 | hat3 zai3; bong2 joeng2 | High | 5:3 | authoritarian clan-patriarch / 大師 (grandmaster) framing | κατακυριεύω shares root with κύριος (Lord) — elders must never model Christ’s exclusive Lordship. |
| chief Shepherd | ἀρχιποίμην | 大牧者 | daai6 muk6 ze2 | Medium | 5:4 | — | Christ’s supremacy over under-shepherds. |
| clothe yourselves with humility | ταπεινοφροσύνην ἐγκομβώσασθε | 披上謙卑 | him1 bei1 | High | 5:5 | 唔衰得-style shame/face-loss framing | Voluntary, chosen, Christlike virtue — not imposed humiliation. |
| God gives grace to the humble | ταπεινοῖς δίδωσιν χάριν | 神賜恩典給謙卑嘅人 | jan1 din2; him1 bei1 | Critical (via 恩典) | 5:5 | humility-as-earned-merit framing | Grace still unmerited; humility does not purchase it. |
| humble yourselves under God’s mighty hand | ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ Θεοῦ | 謙卑,喺神大能嘅手下 | him1 bei1 | Medium | 5:6 | fatalistic-resignation framing | Trusting submission, not passive fatalism. |
| cast your anxiety on him | ἐπιρίψαντες τὴν μέριμναν | 將憂慮交託給神 | jau1 leoi6 | Low–Medium | 5:7 | — | Warm pastoral register. |
| your adversary the devil | ἀντίδικος … διάβολος | 魔鬼 | mo1 gwai2 | Critical | 5:8 | bare 鬼 (generic ghost/spirit, 盂蘭節 festival culture) | Absolute rule: always full compound 魔鬼, parallel to 聖靈-never-bare-靈. |
| God of all grace, called to eternal glory | ὁ Θεὸς πάσης χάριτος … εἰς τὴν αἰώνιον δόξαν | 神係萬般恩典嘅神,呼召你哋入永遠嘅榮耀 | jan1 din2; fu1 siu6; wing4 jiu6 | Critical/High (all baseline) | 5:10 | — | Synthesis benediction; render all three baseline terms exactly. |
8. Proper Nouns and Closing Material
| Term (EN) | Greek | Cantonese | Jyutping | Risk | Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Noah | Νῶε | 挪亞 | no5 aa3 | Low | 3:20 | Standard OT proper name. |
| Silvanus (= Silas) | Σιλουανός | 西拉 | sai1 laai1 | Low | 5:12 | Established Cantonese Bible form. |
| Babylon (symbolic for Rome) | Βαβυλών | 巴比倫 | baa1 bei2 leon4 | Low–Medium | 5:13 | Note symbolic function to avoid confusion with literal OT Babylon. |
| Mark | Μᾶρκος | 馬可 | maa5 ho2 | Low | 5:13 | Standard established form. |
| the kiss of love | φίλημα ἀγάπης | 愛的親嘴 | oi3 dik1 can1 zeoi2 | Medium | 5:14 | Cultural-adaptation note: ancient Mediterranean greeting custom, not a literal instruction for modern HK church practice. |
| Christian | Χριστιανός | 基督徒 | gei1 duk1 tou4 | Low | 4:16 | Standard established term. |
Summary Statistics
| Risk Tier | Count (new 1 Peter terms) | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 15 | Human theologian, every occurrence |
| High | 19 | Human theologian |
| Medium | 27 | Native speaker review |
| Low | 16 | Automated review |
Highest-priority new-term flags for Phase 2 human theologian attention:
- 監獄裡嘅靈 / spirits in prison (3:19) — no baseline precedent; acute 問米/超度 collision risk.
- 順服 / submit (ὑποτάσσω) across 2:13–3:7, 5:5 — Confucian household-hierarchy collision, high frequency.
- 擔當…喺木頭上 / bore our sins on the tree (2:24) — 替身 folk-effigy collision.
- 為義受苦 / suffer for righteousness’ sake (3:14) — compounds two independently Critical terms (受苦 + 義).
- 救贖 / redeemed (1:18) — new Critical term, commercial/temple-vow collision risk.
- 屬靈嘅殿 / spiritual house and 祭司 (priesthood) terms (2:5, 9) — temple-naming-convention collision.
- 魔鬼 / devil (5:8) — absolute never-bare-鬼 enforcement rule, parallel to 聖靈.
This glossary must be merged into translation_memory.json (as new entries, version-incremented) before any Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Peter begins, per the AI Translation Requirements’ new-term protocol.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: 神
Transliteration: san4
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 天主, 上帝, 老天爺
Original: Θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The Father who begets believers again (1:3) and to whom Christ, having risen, is subjected (3:22). Never 天主 (Catholic term) or 上帝, for Protestant curriculum consistency.
Jesus
Approved rendering: 耶穌
Transliteration: je4 sou1
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard transliteration; unchanged in 1 Peter.
Christ
Approved rendering: 基督
Transliteration: gei1 duk1
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: 彌勒, 黃大仙式嘅救世主
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never conflated with 彌勒 (Maitreya) or a wish-granting temple deity; the pattern for believers’ own suffering-then-glory experience (1 Pet 1:11; 2:21; 4:1, 13).
Lord
Approved rendering: 主
Transliteration: zyu2
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 事頭, 老爺
Original: Κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Must be kept distinct from the human household term 主人 (despotēs, 1 Pet 2:18) and from elders’ non-domineering leadership (κατακυριεύω, 5:3); human authority figures never borrow Christ’s exclusive title.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: 聖靈
Transliteration: sing3 ling4
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 問米嘅靈, 祖先靈
Original: Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never bare 靈. This rule is sharpened, not relaxed, by 1 Peter’s separate ‘spirits in prison’ (3:19), which are explicitly NOT the Holy Spirit and must never be confused with 聖靈.
Grace
Approved rendering: 恩典
Transliteration: jan1 din2
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: 福氣, 有求必應式嘅恩典, 功德
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused unchanged in 1:2, 10, 13; 2:19-20 (extended nuance: commendable Spirit-enabled endurance); 3:7; 4:10; 5:5, 10, 12. Never the Wong Tai Sin-style reciprocal temple-vow favor.
Salvation
Approved rendering: 救恩
Transliteration: gau3 jan1
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 解脫, 超度, 大慈大悲救苦救難
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Never 解脫 or 超度 — especially dangerous in 1 Peter because of the adjacent ‘spirits in prison’ passage (3:19), which must never be read as a 超度-style rescue of souls.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: 復活
Transliteration: fuk6 wut6
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 投胎轉世, 問米式嘅還魂
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. The doctrinal keystone connecting 1 Peter’s Living Hope doctrine to the Romans baseline; never 投胎轉世 or a 問米-style spirit-summoning framing.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: 義
Transliteration: ji6
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: 道德, 善行, 義氣
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package but with sharpened risk in 1 Peter: at 3:14 (‘suffer for righteousness’ sake’) combined with 受苦, this collides acutely with the Confucian loyalty-and-honor virtue reinforced by Cantonese triad/gangster-film culture (義氣). Every suffering-context occurrence (2:24; 3:12, 14, 18; 4:18) requires a distinguishing note.
Lamb Without Blemish
Approved rendering: 無瑕無疵嘅羊仔
Transliteration: mou4 haa4 mou4 ci1 ge3 joeng4 zai2
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: 祭壇上嘅祭牲, 任何folk-temple animal-offering framing
Original: ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology
NEW CRITICAL. OT Passover/sacrificial lamb imagery (Exod 12; Isa 53:7) applied to Christ’s sinless, once-for-all sacrifice (1:19). Never assimilated to ongoing folk-temple animal-offering practices offered to appease/petition a deity.
Redemption
Approved rendering: 救贖
Transliteration: gau3 suk6
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: 還神還願, 普通商業式嘅贖回/買回
Original: λυτρόω (ἐλυτρώθητε)
Category: Salvation
NEW CRITICAL — no Romans-baseline precedent. Ransomed from a futile, ancestrally-inherited way of life, at the price of Christ’s blood (1:18-19). Never the temple vow-fulfillment exchange model, nor an ordinary commercial buy-back.
Royal Priesthood
Approved rendering: 君尊嘅祭司
Transliteration: gwan1 zyun1 ge3 zai3 si1
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: 司祭 (Catholic ordained-priest register), 道士式嘅祭司
Original: βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church
NEW CRITICAL. 祭司 risks being heard as a mediating ritual-specialist class (Daoist 道士, or Catholic ordained 神父/司祭). Must be taught explicitly as the priesthood of ALL believers with direct access to God, no mediating caste.
Holy Priesthood
Approved rendering: 聖潔嘅祭司
Transliteration: sing3 git3 ge3 zai3 si1
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: 司祭, 道士式嘅祭司
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW CRITICAL. Same collision profile as royal_priesthood. All believers, not a separate priestly class, offer spiritual sacrifices to God through Christ (2:5).
Spiritual House
Approved rendering: 屬靈嘅殿
Transliteration: suk6 ling4 ge3 din6
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: 靈宮, 廟, 祠
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church
NEW CRITICAL. Deliberately avoids 宮 (standard HK temple-naming element, e.g. 天后宮) and the CUV/RCUV landscape’s own 靈宮 rendering, which is explicitly overridden for this curriculum. Never a physical shrine; the corporate people of God.
Suffering
Approved rendering: 苦難 / 受苦
Transliteration: fu2 naan6 / sau6 fu2
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: 報應
Original: πάθημα / πάσχω
Category: Suffering
NEW CRITICAL. Master suffering-vocabulary of the whole book (1:11; 2:19-24; 3:14-18; 4:1, 13, 19; 5:1, 9). Must never be taught as karmic-retribution payback for hidden wrongdoing.
Suffer For Righteousness Sake
Approved rendering: 為義受苦
Transliteration: wai6 ji6 sau6 fu2
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: 為義氣受苦式嘅忠誠
Original: πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering
NEW CRITICAL. Curriculum’s own designated core doctrine phrase (3:14); compounds two independently Critical/High terms (受苦 + 義). Every occurrence requires an explicit note distinguishing this from 義氣 sworn-brotherhood loyalty.
Christ Suffered Once For Sins
Approved rendering: 基督一次為罪受苦,佢係義嘅,為咗我哋唔義嘅人
Transliteration: gei1 duk1 jat1 ci3 wai4 zeoi6 sau6 fu2, keoi5 hai6 ji6 ge3, wai4 zo2 ngo5 dou6 m4 ji6 ge3 jan4
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: shared-suffering-solidarity-only framing losing the ὑπέρ force
Original: Χριστὸς ἅπαξ ἔπαθεν περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Suffering
NEW CRITICAL. Clearest one-sentence statement of vicarious substitutionary atonement (3:18). Must never soften the ‘on behalf of’ (ὑπέρ) force into mere shared-suffering solidarity.
Bore Sins On The Tree
Approved rendering: (佢親身)喺木頭上擔當我哋嘅罪
Transliteration: keoi5 can1 san1 hai2 muk6 tau4 soeng6 daam1 dong1 ngo5 dou6 ge3 zeoi6
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: 替身 (paper-effigy misfortune-transfer ritual framing)
Original: τὰς ἁμαρτίας ἡμῶν αὐτὸς ἀνήνεγκεν ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Suffering
NEW CRITICAL — single highest-priority substitution-doctrine flag in the book (2:24). Never assimilated to the folk 替身 ritual; real, personal, moral, judicial substitution before God, never magical misfortune-transfer onto an object.
Submission
Approved rendering: 順服
Transliteration: seon6 fuk6
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: 三從四德式嘅順從
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority and Household
NEW CRITICAL — single densest, highest-frequency risk term in the book (2:13, 18; 3:1, 5, 22; 5:5). Must be taught, every occurrence, as voluntary, gospel-motivated, Christ-modeled submission, never the fixed Confucian 三從四德 patriarchal duty-code, and never as a political-loyalty statement in civic contexts.
Spirits In Prison
Approved rendering: 監獄裡嘅靈 / 被囚嘅靈
Transliteration: gaam1 juk6 leoi5 ge3 ling4 / bei6 sau4 ge3 ling4
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: bare 靈 without qualification, 祖先靈, 問米式嘅可召喚靈魂
Original: ἐν φυλακῇ πνεύμασιν
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
NEW CRITICAL — single highest-priority flag in the whole book (3:19-20), no Romans-baseline precedent. Disobedient fallen angelic spirit-beings from Noah’s era under judgment, NOT ancestral or deceased-human spirits. Heavy contextual scaffolding required at every single occurrence.
Proclaimed To Spirits
Approved rendering: 去咗宣講
Transliteration: heoi3 zo2 syun1 gong2
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: 問米式嘅雙向靈界溝通, 超度式嘅拯救宣告
Original: πορευθεὶς ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
NEW CRITICAL. κηρύσσω = one-way proclamation of a settled fact of victory/judgment, never two-way spirit-consultation (問米) nor a rescue-of-souls announcement (超度).
Adversary Devil
Approved rendering: 魔鬼
Transliteration: mo1 gwai2
Doctrine: Resisting the Devil
Rejected alternatives: 鬼 (bare)
Original: ἀντίδικος … διάβολος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW CRITICAL. A real, personal, cosmic enemy (5:8), always the full compound, never bare 鬼 — the most common Cantonese word for a generic ghost/spirit, deeply embedded in Yu Lan/Hungry Ghost Festival (盂蘭節) culture. Same absolute-enforcement footing as the 聖靈-never-bare-靈 rule.
High Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: 父
Transliteration: fu6
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: 祖先, 老竇式嘅父
Original: Πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Pet 1:17 God is the impartially judging Father; keep distinct from the ancestor-veneration direction of care (descendants caring for ancestors via Ching Ming/Chung Yeung), the reverse of the Father who cares for his children.
Faith
Approved rendering: 信心
Transliteration: seon3 sam1
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: 虔誠, 睇相算命式嘅相信
Original: πίστις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Trust in Christ specifically, tested and proven genuine through trials (1:5, 7, 9, 21) and the ground of resisting the devil (5:9).
Holy
Approved rendering: 聖潔
Transliteration: sing3 git3
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 清淨, 戒口修行式嘅潔淨
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Grounds the letter’s ethical exhortations (1:15-16, quoting Lev 11:44/19:2) and describes the corporate priesthood/nation (2:5, 9) and holy women (3:5).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: 成聖
Transliteration: sing4 sing3
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: 修煉, 戒除惡習
Original: ἁγιασμὸς Πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the Trinitarian pattern of election in 1:2 (Father foreknows, Spirit sanctifies, blood of Christ secures obedience).
Glory
Approved rendering: 榮耀
Transliteration: wing4 jiu6
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 面子, 威水
Original: δόξα
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Outcome of tested faith (1:7-8), pattern following Christ’s sufferings (1:11), object of the Spirit resting on sufferers (4:14), reward at Christ’s appearing (5:1, 4, 10). Not 面子/威水.
Called
Approved rendering: 蒙召嘅
Transliteration: mung4 siu6 ge3
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: 天生註定, 命中注定
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. God’s summons to holiness (1:15), the priesthood (2:9, 21), and God’s eternal glory (3:9; 5:10). Never fate/destiny language from 八字.
Election
Approved rendering: 揀選
Transliteration: gaan2 syun2
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Rejected alternatives: 命運, 八字注定
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλογή
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Marks believers’ identity as ‘elect exiles’ (1:1-2) and as living stones built into the spiritual house (2:4, 6, 9). Never impersonal fate or birth-chart determinism.
Sin
Approved rendering: 罪
Transliteration: zeoi6
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Rejected alternatives: 報應, 唔衰得
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Borne by Christ in his body on the tree (2:22, 24); Christ suffered once for it (3:18); love covers a multitude of it in community (4:8). Not 報應.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅大能
Transliteration: san4 ge3 daai6 nang4
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: 法力, 風水嘅力量
Original: δύναμις Θεοῦ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 1 Peter into ongoing preservation (1:5, guards believers through faith) and providential care (5:6, God’s mighty hand). Never 法力 or feng shui attribution.
Covenant
Approved rendering: 約
Transliteration: joek3
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: 合約, 還神還願嘅承諾
Inherited from Romans package. Background to the blood-sprinkling image of 1:2 (Exod 24:8, Sinai covenant ratification) and the redemption of 1:18-19.
Spirit Of Christ
Approved rendering: 基督嘅靈
Transliteration: gei1 duk1 ge3 ling4
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 靈 (bare), 基督嘅鬼魂
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: God
NEW. The pre-incarnate Christ’s Spirit who inspired the OT prophets (1:11). Must always appear as this qualified compound, never bare 靈; functionally the same referent as 聖靈, asserting Trinitarian continuity.
Living Hope
Approved rendering: 活潑嘅盼望
Transliteration: wut6 put3 ge3 paan3 mong6
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 盼望 (bare), 睇相算命式嘅樂觀
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
NEW. Curriculum thesis term (1:3). Must never be shortened to bare 盼望; qualifier 活潑 and an explicit resurrection anchor must always be retained together.
New Birth
Approved rendering: 重生
Transliteration: cung4 sang1
Doctrine: New Birth / Regeneration
Rejected alternatives: 投胎轉世, 轉世
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s decisive act of causing believers to be born again through Christ’s resurrection (1:3) and the living word of God (1:23). Never 投胎轉世 (rebirth into a new womb within samsara), a live folk-Buddhist belief in Hong Kong.
Inheritance
Approved rendering: 基業
Transliteration: gei1 jip6
Doctrine: Inheritance of Believers
Rejected alternatives: 家產, 遺產, 分家產
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Guaranteed future possession, held in trust in heaven (1:4), shared as co-heirs by husband and wife (3:7). Never assimilated to clan property division or adoption-for-succession arrangements.
Revelation
Approved rendering: 顯現
Transliteration: hin2 jin6
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 顯靈
Original: ἀποκαλύπτω / ἀποκάλυψις
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Future public unveiling of Christ’s glory (1:5, 7, 12, 13; 4:13; 5:1). Shares the character 顯 with the forbidden 顯靈 (shrine-manifestation testimony language); always pair with explicit reference to Christ’s own person and glory.
Various Trials
Approved rendering: 百般嘅試煉
Transliteration: baak3 bun2 ge3 si3 lin6
Doctrine: Testing and Refining of Faith Through Trials
Rejected alternatives: 報應
Original: ποικίλοι πειρασμοί
Category: Suffering
NEW. External, grief-inducing trials God permits for a season (1:6). Must be sharply distinguished from the folk-Buddhist/karmic-retribution reading of suffering (報應).
Soul
Approved rendering: 靈魂
Transliteration: ling4 wan4
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 問米式嘅可召喚靈體
Original: ψυχή
Category: Salvation
NEW. The whole self/person (1:9, 22; 2:11, 25; 4:19). Must be taught as the whole person under God’s saving care, never a detachable spirit-entity that could be summoned/consulted/ritually released.
Foreknowledge
Approved rendering: 預知
Transliteration: jyu6 zi1
Doctrine: Divine Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: 算命, 八字推算
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: Covenant
NEW. Grounds election (1:2); applied to Christ himself, foreknown before the foundation of the world (1:20). Never fortune-telling foresight.
Word Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅話
Transliteration: san4 ge3 waa2
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Gospel Continuity
Rejected alternatives: 道 (bare, unqualified)
Original: λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων Θεοῦ / λόγια Θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW. The living and abiding word, means of new birth (1:23-25); the standard by which believers should speak (4:11, oracles of God). Prefer 神嘅話 over bare 道, which carries Daoist ‘the Way’ collision risk.
Holy Nation
Approved rendering: 聖潔嘅國民
Transliteration: sing3 git3 ge3 gwok3 man4
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: 王朝, 天下, 聖潔嘅國度 (permissible stylistic variant, not obligatory)
Original: ἔθνος ἅγιον
Category: Church
NEW. 國民 carries potential political-sovereignty overtones given Hong Kong’s political climate; keep the framing spiritual, the Church’s transnational identity in Christ, not earthly political nationhood.
Spiritual Sacrifices
Approved rendering: 屬靈嘅祭物
Transliteration: suk6 ling4 ge3 zai3 mat6
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: literal food/incense/joss-paper offering framing
Original: πνευματικὰς θυσίας
Category: Church
NEW. Non-material acts of worship and obedience (2:5), not objects presented in a transactional exchange with a deity/ancestor.
Fellowship Of Suffering
Approved rendering: 有份於基督嘅苦難
Transliteration: jau5 fan6 jyu1 gei1 duk1 ge3 fu2 naan6
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Church
NEW. Extends the 團契 (fellowship) concept into a ‘fellowship of suffering’ (4:13); present suffering reframed as participation with Christ, anticipating shared future glory.
Suffering Unjustly
Approved rendering: 無辜受苦
Transliteration: mou4 gu1 sau6 fu2
Doctrine: Unjust Suffering and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: 報應
Original: ἀδίκως πάσχων
Category: Suffering
NEW. Commendable when endured mindful of God (2:19); not evidence of hidden guilt but Christ-patterned endurance God notices and commends.
King Emperor
Approved rendering: 君王
Transliteration: gwan1 wong4
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Rejected alternatives: overt present-day political-loyalty framing
Original: βασιλεύς
Category: Authority and Household
NEW. Object of honor alongside fearing God (2:17). Political sensitivity per the baseline’s kingdom_of_god caution; keep doctrinal, not a statement about a specific present political entity.
Respectful Pure Conduct
Approved rendering: 貞潔嘅品行
Transliteration: zing1 git3 ge3 ban2 hang4
Doctrine: Household Code and Marriage Relationships
Rejected alternatives: 貞節牌坊式嘅榮譽守則
Original: ἁγνὴ ἀναστροφή
Category: Authority and Household
NEW. Visible, winsome quality of a wife’s godly life (3:1-2). Must be taught as reverent, wholesome, God-fearing conduct flowing from faith, not an echo of the historical Confucian widow-chastity honor code (牌坊).
Domineering Leadership
Approved rendering: 操縱 / 轄制
Transliteration: cou1 zung3 / hat3 zai3
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: 大師式嘅權威
Original: κατακυριεύω
Category: Authority and Household
NEW. Negative model of eldership forbidden to church leaders (5:3). κατακυριεύω shares a root with κύριος (Lord); elders must never model authority on Christ’s exclusive Lordship, nor an authoritarian clan-patriarch/大師 pattern.
Angels Authorities Powers
Approved rendering: 天使、掌權者、有能力者
Transliteration: tin1 si3, zoeng2 kyun4 ze2, jau5 nang4 lik6 ze2
Doctrine: Christ’s Supremacy Over Spiritual Powers
Rejected alternatives: 天庭式嘅排位神明
Original: ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
NEW. Every created spiritual power unconditionally subjected to the ascended Christ (3:22), including the imprisoned spirits of 3:19. Never the ranked, bureaucratic pantheon of Chinese folk/Daoist cosmology (天庭).
Humility
Approved rendering: 謙卑
Transliteration: him1 bei1
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: 唔衰得式嘅面子考量
Original: ταπεινοφροσύνη / ταπεινόω
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Summary virtue for both leaders (5:2-3) and the whole congregation (5:5-6), actively ‘put on.’ Must be taught as a positive, chosen, Christlike virtue — the opposite of socially enforced ‘loss of face’ (唔衰得).
Judgment
Approved rendering: 審判
Transliteration: sam2 pun3
Doctrine: God’s Impartial Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 報應, 閻羅王式嘅陰間審訊
Original: κρίμα
Category: God
NEW. God’s refining discipline beginning within his own household, echoing Ezek 9:6 (4:17). Distinguish from karmic retribution (報應) and the folk underworld-judge figure 閻羅王.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: 福音
Transliteration: fuk1 jam1
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: 好消息, 喜訊
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Searched out by the prophets (1:12, 25) and preached to the living and the dead in the sense of 4:6, 17. Teaching must clarify: salvation announcement, not forecasted prosperity.
Peace
Approved rendering: 平安
Transliteration: ping4 on1
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: 平安符式嘅平安, 老黃曆話嘅好日子
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Opening and closing benediction (1:2; 5:14). Not the protective-charm sense reinforced by 平安符 amulet culture.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: 屬靈恩賜
Transliteration: suk6 ling4 jan1 ci3
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: 法力, 神通
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Always the compound; never bare 恩賜. Applied in 1 Pet 4:10 to every believer as a good steward of God’s varied grace.
Living Stone
Approved rendering: 活石
Transliteration: wut6 sek6
Doctrine: Christ as the Living Stone
Rejected alternatives: 靈石, 神石
Original: λίθος ζῶν
Category: Christology
NEW. Messianic title from OT stone testimonia (Ps 118:22; Isa 28:16; 8:14), applied to Christ (2:4-8). Must not be read through local stone-spirit/object-veneration shrine associations.
Chief Shepherd
Approved rendering: 大牧者
Transliteration: daai6 muk6 ze2
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: 總牧師, 大師
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology
NEW. Christ’s supremacy over under-shepherd elders (5:4); intertextually linked to 1:4’s inheritance triad via the parallel ‘unfading’ crown.
Mercy
Approved rendering: 憐憫
Transliteration: lin4 man5
Doctrine: The Mercy of God
Rejected alternatives: 大慈大悲救苦救難
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. God’s covenant compassion, ground of regeneration (1:3) and of Gentile inclusion (2:10). Must always be anchored explicitly to the Father’s action through Christ, never left to stand alone as generic compassion (Guanyin epithet risk).
Imperishable Undefiled Unfading
Approved rendering: 不能朽壞、不能污穢、不能衰殘
Transliteration: bat1 nang4 nau5 waai6, bat1 nang4 wu1 wai3, bat1 nang4 seoi1 caan4
Doctrine: Inheritance of Believers
Original: ἄφθαρτος, ἀμίαντος, ἀμάραντος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Triad describing the heavenly inheritance (1:4), each term denying a form of decay. Teach together as a triad, never split apart.
Guarded By Gods Power
Approved rendering: 保守
Transliteration: bou2 sau2
Doctrine: Divine Guarding of Believers
Rejected alternatives: 平安符式嘅保護
Original: φρουρέω
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Believers actively, continuously guarded by God’s power through faith (1:5). Not the generic protective-charm sense of 平安符 amulet culture.
Last Time
Approved rendering: 末後嘅時候
Transliteration: mut6 hau6 ge3 si4 hau6
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 運程循環, 年運
Original: καιρὸς ἔσχατος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Future season at which salvation is unveiled (1:5). Linear, historical framing, not the cyclical fortune-forecast framework (運程) of almanac culture.
Testing Of Faith
Approved rendering: 信心經過試驗
Transliteration: seon3 sam1 ging1 gwo3 si3 jim6
Doctrine: Testing and Refining of Faith Through Trials
Original: δοκίμιον
Category: Suffering
NEW. Genuineness of faith proven by fire like gold, resulting in praise, glory, honor at Christ’s revelation (1:7). Metallurgical illustration, not a ritual-fire practice.
Fiery Trial
Approved rendering: 火煉般嘅試驗
Transliteration: fo2 lin6 bun2 ge3 si3 jim6
Doctrine: Testing and Refining of Faith Through Trials
Original: πύρωσις
Category: Suffering
NEW. The persecution the readers undergo, not to be regarded as strange (4:12); reinforces continuity with 1:6-7’s refining-fire imagery.
Blessed Doxology
Approved rendering: 可稱頌
Transliteration: ho2 cing1 sung6
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Benediction
Rejected alternatives: 恭喜發財式嘅祝願
Original: εὐλογητός
Category: Faith
NEW. Doxological acclamation opening the letter’s great doxology (1:3): God is declared praiseworthy for what he has done. Not a New Year prosperity-wish register.
Blessed Makarios
Approved rendering: 有福
Transliteration: jau5 fuk1
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: 福氣 (commercial-luck sense)
Original: μακάριος
Category: Suffering
NEW. Paradoxical blessing on those who suffer for righteousness (3:14; cf. 4:14). Shares the 福 root flagged for commercial-luck resonance; must be taught as explicitly counter-cultural.
Love Covers Sins
Approved rendering: 愛遮蓋好多罪
Transliteration: oi3 ze1 goi3 hou2 do1 zeoi6
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Faith
NEW. Proverbial community ethic (4:8). Not atonement — relational forbearance among believers, not removal of accountability before God.
Obtaining Salvation
Approved rendering: 得着
Transliteration: dak1 zoek3
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: 賺得/賺到
Original: κομίζομαι
Category: Salvation
NEW. Believers are progressively obtaining the outcome of faith even now (1:9). Not an earned wage for meritorious faith-performance.
Covenant Blood Sprinkling
Approved rendering: 灑血
Transliteration: saa2 hyut3
Doctrine: Redemption by Christ’s Blood
Rejected alternatives: folk protective/exorcistic blood-sprinkling ritual framing
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW. OT covenant-ratification imagery (Exod 24:8) applied to Christ’s blood (1:2). Anchor to the Sinai background, not folk exorcistic ritual.
Oracles Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅話
Transliteration: san4 ge3 waa2
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy and Gospel Continuity
Rejected alternatives: 求籤 framing
Original: λόγια Θεοῦ
Category: Covenant
NEW. Whoever speaks should speak as one relaying God’s own words (4:11). Distinguish from temple oracle-stick divination (求籤).
Way Of Life
Approved rendering: 品行
Transliteration: ban2 hang4
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: 行為 (alone, without conduct-before-outsiders nuance)
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Recurring conduct-term (1:15, 18; 2:12; 3:1-2, 16), the letter’s anchor for visible manner of life before God and outsiders.
Futile Way Of Life
Approved rendering: 從祖先所傳嘅虛妄行為
Transliteration: cung4 zou2 sin1 so2 cyun4 ge3 heoi1 mong5 ge3 hang4 wai4
Doctrine: Rejection of the Futile, Ancestrally-Inherited Way of Life
Rejected alternatives: 全盤否定家族傳統
Original: ματαία ἀναστροφὴ πατροπαράδοτος
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Pre-conversion Gentile way of life, empty and handed down by tradition (1:18). Sensitive: critique specific empty practices/values, never ancestors as persons, given the social weight of Ching Ming/Chung Yeung/祠堂 tradition.
Fleshly Desires
Approved rendering: 肉體嘅私慾
Transliteration: juk6 tai2 ge3 si1 juk6
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: 戒口修行式嘅禁慾
Original: σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Desires that wage war against the soul (2:11). Not ascetic dietary-vow abstinence framing.
Chosen Race
Approved rendering: 揀選嘅族類
Transliteration: gaan2 syun2 ge3 zuk6 leoi6
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Church
NEW. First of four OT covenant-identity titles (Exod 19:5-6) applied corporately to the Church (2:9); corporate, transnational identity, not ethnic-lineage claim.
Peoples For Possession
Approved rendering: 屬神嘅子民
Transliteration: suk6 san4 ge3 zi2 man4
Doctrine: The Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church
NEW. Fourth OT covenant-identity title (2:9-10), confirming Gentile inclusion, echoing Hosea 1-2.
Elect Exiles
Approved rendering: 寄居 / 客旅
Transliteration: gei3 geoi1 / haak3 leoi5
Doctrine: Elect Exiles / Sojourner Identity
Original: ἐκλεκτοῖς παρεπιδήμοις / πάροικοι
Category: Church
NEW. Theological, spiritual-citizenship identity (1:1, 17; 2:11), not literal immigration/ethnic-displacement status.
Newborn Infants Pure Milk
Approved rendering: 初生嘅嬰仔 / 純正嘅靈奶
Transliteration: co1 sang1 ge3 jing1 zai2 / seon4 zing3 ge3 ling4 naai5
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἀρτιγέννητα βρέφη / λογικὸν ἄδολον γάλα
Category: Church
NEW. Believers should crave pure spiritual milk — the word of God — for growth (2:2). Must be explicitly tied to Scripture/gospel message, not a generic ‘spiritual’ nutrient.
Healed By His Wounds
Approved rendering: 因佢嘅傷痕,你哋已經得醫治
Transliteration: jan1 keoi5 ge3 soeng1 han4, nei5 dou6 ji5 ging1 dak1 ji1 zi6
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: literal-physical-healing-only framing detached from sin/righteousness context
Original: τῷ μώλωπι … ἰάθητε
Category: Suffering
NEW. Quoting Isa 53:5 (2:24). Should not be over-literalized into a promise of physical healing detached from the passage’s sin/righteousness context.
Servants Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅奴僕
Transliteration: san4 ge3 nou4 buk6
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: Θεοῦ δοῦλοι
Category: Authority and Household
NEW. Freedom exercised as God’s servants, not a license for evil (2:16). Honorific self-designation of total devotion, distinct from the literal household-slave context of 2:18.
Master
Approved rendering: 主人
Transliteration: zyu2 jan4
Doctrine: Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Authority and Household
NEW. Human household authority to whom slaves are submissive (2:18). Shares a root character with 主 (Lord); never confer Christ’s exclusive divine status onto this purely social-relational term.
Weaker Vessel
Approved rendering: 較弱嘅器皿
Transliteration: gaau3 joek6 ge3 hei3 mun5
Doctrine: Household Code and Marriage Relationships
Original: ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος
Category: Authority and Household
NEW. Metaphor calling husbands to honor and understanding, not domination (3:7). Must be balanced against the same verse’s ‘joint heirs of the grace of life’ — full spiritual equality.
Unfading Crown
Approved rendering: 永不衰殘嘅榮耀冠冕
Transliteration: wing4 bat1 seoi1 caan4 ge3 wing4 jiu6 gun1 min5
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀμαράντινος στέφανος δόξης
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Imperishable reward for faithful elders at Christ’s appearing, contrasted with perishable athletic/civic crowns (5:4). Intertextually linked to 1:4’s inheritance triad.
Baptism
Approved rendering: 洗禮
Transliteration: sai2 lai5
Doctrine: Baptism and a Good Conscience Toward God
Rejected alternatives: 洗身驅邪
Original: βάπτισμα
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
NEW (established loan-term). Corresponds to Noah’s deliverance through water; an appeal to God grounded in Christ’s resurrection (3:21), not a removal of physical dirt nor an exorcistic ritual bathing.
Good Conscience
Approved rendering: 無愧嘅良心
Transliteration: mou4 kwai5 ge3 loeng4 sam1
Doctrine: Baptism and a Good Conscience Toward God
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
NEW. Grounds suffering-endurance (2:19) and baptism’s meaning (3:16, 21) in right standing before God. Must be anchored explicitly to standing before God, not mere social decency/面子.
Elder
Approved rendering: 長老
Transliteration: zoeng2 lou5
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: 鄉紳, 族老
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Established NT church office (5:1, 5). Distinguish the spiritual-shepherding office from the secular clan/village-elder role (鄉紳/族老), a kinship-based rather than spiritual-office-based authority.
Shepherd Oversight
Approved rendering: 牧養 / 監督
Transliteration: muk6 joeng5 / gaam1 duk1
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Rejected alternatives: corporate/bureaucratic ‘supervisor’ framing
Original: ποιμαίνω / ἐπισκοπέω
Category: Church Leadership
NEW. Christ-modeled pastoral care over God’s people, not the elder’s own possession (5:2; cf. 2:25’s Shepherd/Overseer terms applied to Christ).
Faithful Creator
Approved rendering: 信實嘅創造主
Transliteration: seon3 sat6 ge3 cong3 zou6 zyu2
Doctrine: God’s Impartial Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 盤古/女媧式嘅創世神話人物
Original: πιστῷ κτίστῃ
Category: God
NEW. Title under which sufferers entrust their souls to God (4:19). Distinguish from Chinese folk-mythological creation figures.
Stewards Of Grace
Approved rendering: 神各樣恩典嘅管家
Transliteration: san4 gok3 joeng6 jan1 din2 ge3 gun2 gaa1
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship
Original: οἰκονόμοι ποικίλης χάριτος Θεοῦ
Category: Salvation
NEW. Every believer entrusted with some form of God’s grace, to serve others (4:10). Compound with 恩典 must preserve the unearned-favor sense — gifts entrusted, not earned or purchased.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: 使徒
Transliteration: si2 tou4
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: 風水師, 大師
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Peter’s self-designation, 1 Pet 1:1.
Prophet
Approved rendering: 先知
Transliteration: sin1 zi1
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: 風水師, 算命佬
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. OT prophets who searched out the grace to come (1:10-12); never a fortune-teller or feng shui consultant.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: 團契
Transliteration: tyun4 kai3
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: 同鄉會, 結拜
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Root concept extended in 1 Peter into ‘fellowship of suffering’ (see fellowship_of_suffering, new entry below).
Love
Approved rendering: 愛
Transliteration: oi3
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Faith
NEW (general vocabulary). Love for Christ despite not having seen him (1:8); fervent love for one another (1:22; 4:8). Distinguish from romantic 愛情 in devotional context.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: 接待客旅
Transliteration: zip3 doi6 haak3 leoi5
Doctrine: Mutual Love and Fellowship
Original: φιλόξενοι
Category: Faith
NEW. Practical virtue command (4:9), reusing 客旅 (sojourner) vocabulary.
Outcome Of Faith
Approved rendering: 果效
Transliteration: gwo2 haau6
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: τέλος
Category: Salvation
NEW. The goal/culmination of genuine, tested faith, specified as the salvation of souls (1:9). Standard CUV-aligned term.
Christian Name
Approved rendering: 基督徒
Transliteration: gei1 duk1 tou4
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: Χριστιανός
Category: Church
NEW (standard established term). The name by which believers may be reviled, honorable to bear in suffering (4:16).
Noah
Approved rendering: 挪亞
Transliteration: no5 aa3
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
NEW. Standard OT proper name (3:20).
Silvanus
Approved rendering: 西拉
Transliteration: sai1 laai1
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Benediction
NEW. Established Cantonese Bible form for Silvanus/Silas (5:12).
Babylon Symbolic
Approved rendering: 巴比倫
Transliteration: baa1 bei2 leon4
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Benediction
NEW. Standard proper name (5:13); note its likely symbolic function for Rome, to avoid confusion with the literal OT city.
Mark
Approved rendering: 馬可
Transliteration: maa5 ho2
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Benediction
NEW. Standard established proper name (5:13).
Kiss Of Love
Approved rendering: 愛的親嘴
Transliteration: oi3 dik1 can1 zeoi2
Doctrine: Grace and Peace Benediction
NEW. Ancient Mediterranean greeting custom (5:14); cultural-adaptation note required — not an instruction for literal kissing in contemporary HK church greeting practice.
Referenced passages