Doctrine Analysis — 1 John, Full Book (Chapters 1–5)

Scope and Method

1 John is a short, five-chapter letter, but doctrinal density is high and evenly distributed — unlike Romans, there is no purely narrative or logistical material to set aside. This matrix therefore proceeds pericope-by-pericope through the entire letter, identifying every doctrine from doctrine_risk_registry.json (1 John version) present in that pericope, and noting whether the doctrine is newly introduced there or recurring. The core passage (1 John 4:7-21) is treated as the theological anchor of the letter but is not the boundary of this analysis — all thirteen pericopes below span 1:1 through 5:21.

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1 John 1:1–4 — Prologue: The Word of Life Proclaimed

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Incarnation of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	New (via “Word of life,” “manifested”)	生命之道/道成肉身 must name a permanent historical event, not a repeatable manifestation-appearance (化身/顯靈).
Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony	Low	Automated review	New	見證 must retain sober historical-attestation register, not drift toward commercial 見證分享 (“testimonial”).
Fellowship with God and One Another	Medium	Native speaker review	New	Both vertical (“with the Father and the Son”) and horizontal (“with us”) senses must be visible in 1:3; do not collapse into a purely social sense.

1 John 1:5–2:2 — Walking in the Light; Confession, Cleansing, Propitiation, Advocacy

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
God is Light	Critical	Human theologian	New	光 must not be read through 開悟 (Buddhist/Daoist attained enlightenment) or 神光 (temple-deity radiance, e.g. Wong Tai Sin).
Confession and Forgiveness of Sin	Critical	Human theologian	New	認罪 must not be framed as 還神還願 (vow-fulfillment reciprocity) or 修成正果 (self-cultivated attainment).
Cleansing by the Blood of Christ	High	Human theologian	New	洗淨 must be distinguished from ritual purification (灑淨, 淨壇); 血 must not evoke 歃血為盟 (blood-oath sworn brotherhood).
Propitiation and Atonement	Critical	Human theologian	New	挽回祭 must never carry the transactional vow-and-offering exchange model already forbidden for 恩典/稱義 in the baseline.
Christ’s Heavenly Advocacy	High	Human theologian	New	中保 must not read as a paid legal defender (律師) or a mediumship channel (問米婆).

1 John 2:3–11 — Keeping the Commandments; Walking as He Walked; the Old/New Commandment of Love

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
The Love Commandment	Medium	Native speaker review	New	誡命/命令 must not be reduced to 孝順 (filial duty) or 還神還願 (vow-reciprocity); the command flows from grace already given.
Imitation of Christ’s Manner of Life	Low	Automated review	New	Standard discipleship vocabulary; low collision risk in Cantonese.

1 John 2:12–17 — Do Not Love the World

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Overcoming the World	High	Human theologian	New	勝過/得勝 must avoid the wuxia/martial-arts “defeat an opponent through skill” framing (打贏); this is faith-grounded, not self-strength.

1 John 2:18–27 — Antichrists and the Anointing of the Spirit

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Antichrist and Denial of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	New	敵基督 must not be rendered as a generic villain, monster (妖怪), or folklore demon-king (魔王) from Journey to the West-derived media.
Anointing of the Holy Spirit	Medium	Native speaker review	New	恩膏 must not be framed as 開光 (idol/shop consecration ritual); this is the Spirit’s ongoing internal teaching ministry.
Abiding Union with God	High	Human theologian	New	住在…裡面/常在 must not be framed as 附體 (spirit possession) or 問米-style indwelling.

1 John 2:28–3:10 — Children of God; the Seed of God; the Devil’s Works

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Believers as Children of God	High	Human theologian	New	神嘅兒女 (organic new-birth term) must be taught as complementary to, not a replacement for, the baseline’s forensic 兒子嘅名分 (adoption).
New Birth / Regeneration	High	Human theologian	New	Never 投胎轉世 (reincarnation) or 脫胎換骨 (secular self-transformation idiom); this is God’s sovereign generative act.
The Devil and Spiritual Warfare	High	Human theologian	New	魔鬼 names one specific, personal, already-defeated being — distinct from the broad Cantonese folk category 鬼 (ancestral spirits, Hungry Ghost Festival spirits).

1 John 3:11–24 — Love for the Brethren; Confidence Before God

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth	High	Human theologian	New	弟兄 must never be swapped for colloquial 兄弟, which carries triad/sworn-brotherhood connotations from Hong Kong film culture.
Confidence Before God	Medium	Native speaker review	New	坦然無懼 must be distinguished from generic Cantonese self-confidence/bravado (自信).
Abiding Union with God	High	Human theologian	Recurring, no new risk introduced	Same collision guardrails as 2:18-27 apply (avoid 附體/問米 framing).

1 John 4:1–6 — Testing the Spirits

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Testing the Spirits	Critical	Human theologian	New	The one passage using bare, unqualified plural “spirits” in the source text — every 靈 occurrence requires an explicit qualifier (邪靈, 假嘅靈, 真理嘅靈, 神嘅靈/聖靈) to avoid collapse into 問米/ancestral-spirit/盂蘭節 vocabulary.

1 John 4:7–21 — CORE PASSAGE: God is Love; Perfected Love Casts Out Fear

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
God is Love	Critical	Human theologian	New (thesis statement of the letter)	愛 must never be rendered/paraphrased with 大愛 (Tzu Chi Foundation’s branded slogan) or collapsed toward 仁愛 (Confucian duty-ethic). Anarthrous predicate structure must be preserved.
Propitiation and Atonement	Critical	Human theologian	Recurring (4:9-10 restates 2:2)	Same 挽回祭 guardrails as 1:5-2:2 apply.
Deity and Unique Sonship of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	New (via “only begotten Son,” 4:9)	神嘅獨生子 denotes uniqueness of kind, not a generation-process claim; must not soften toward a generic divine-man.
Abiding Union with God	High	Human theologian	Recurring, intensified (4:12-16 is the passage’s central “God abides in us” claim)	Same guardrails as above; this is the passage’s most concentrated use of the abiding motif.
Confidence Before God	Medium	Native speaker review	Recurring (4:17-18, “confidence… at his coming”)	Same guardrails as 3:19-21.
Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth	High	Human theologian	Recurring (4:20-21, the closing logical test)	Same 弟兄 guardrails as 3:11-24.
God is Light	Critical	Human theologian	Recurring (implicit grammatical parallel to 1:5)	Translators must recognize 4:8/16’s structure as deliberately mirroring 1:5; consistent anarthrous-predicate handling required.

1 John 5:1–5 — Faith Overcomes the World; Born of God

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
New Birth / Regeneration	High	Human theologian	Recurring	Same 從神而生/重生 guardrails as 2:28-3:10.
Overcoming the World	High	Human theologian	Recurring (this is the doctrine’s key proof-text, 5:4-5)	Same 勝過/得勝 guardrails; “our faith” as the specific instrument of victory must be explicit.
Believers as Children of God	High	Human theologian	Recurring	Same guardrails as 2:28-3:10.

1 John 5:6–13 — The Threefold Witness; Eternal Life is in the Son

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Testimony and Assurance of Salvation	Critical	Human theologian	New	見證 must not drift toward the commercial “testimonial” register (見證分享); assurance rests on God’s own testimony, not an ongoing vow-and-favor exchange.
Deity and Unique Sonship of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	Recurring (5:5, 10-13, 20)	Same guardrails as 4:7-21; eternal life is exclusively “in his Son.”
Eternal Life	Critical	Human theologian	New	永生 must never use 長生不老 (Daoist immortality-elixir ideal) or 得道成仙 (attaining immortal status); this is relational, present-tense life in the Son.

1 John 5:14–17 — Confidence in Prayer; Sin Unto Death

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
Confidence Before God	Medium	Native speaker review	Recurring	Same 坦然無懼 guardrails; here specifically confidence in answered prayer “according to his will.”
Sin unto Death	High	Human theologian	New	致死嘅罪 must not be assimilated to folk-karmic 報應 (“sin causes misfortune”); this is a specific, debated pastoral distinction among believers’ sins.

1 John 5:18–21 — Concluding Assurances; Keep Yourselves from Idols

Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	Status	Translation Risk Note
The Devil and Spiritual Warfare	High	Human theologian	Recurring (5:18-19)	Same 魔鬼 guardrails as 2:28-3:10.
Eternal Life	Critical	Human theologian	Recurring (5:20)	Same guardrails as 5:6-13.
Idolatry and Exclusive Worship	Critical	Human theologian	New (closing command, 5:21)	偶像 carries a double collision risk unique to Cantonese: (1) religious idols/images (Wong Tai Sin, Guanyin, 神主牌 ancestral tablets) and (2) the modern entertainment-media sense “celebrity idol” (偶像歌手). Materials must disambiguate explicitly so the command is not heard as commentary on fandom culture.

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Full-Book Doctrine Summary (26 Doctrines — Matches doctrine_risk_registry.json Exactly)

#	Doctrine	Risk	Review Routing	First Introduced	Recurs In
1	God is Light	Critical	Human theologian	1:5-2:2	4:7-21
2	God is Love	Critical	Human theologian	4:7-21	—
3	Fellowship with God and One Another	Medium	Native speaker review	1:1-4	1:5-2:2 (implicit)
4	Abiding Union with God	High	Human theologian	2:18-27	3:11-24; 4:7-21
5	Confession and Forgiveness of Sin	Critical	Human theologian	1:5-2:2	—
6	Cleansing by the Blood of Christ	High	Human theologian	1:5-2:2	—
7	Propitiation and Atonement	Critical	Human theologian	1:5-2:2	4:7-21
8	Christ’s Heavenly Advocacy	High	Human theologian	1:5-2:2	—
9	New Birth / Regeneration	High	Human theologian	2:28-3:10	5:1-5
10	Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth	High	Human theologian	3:11-24	4:7-21
11	Believers as Children of God	High	Human theologian	2:28-3:10	5:1-5
12	Incarnation of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	1:1-4	4:7-21 (implicit)
13	Antichrist and Denial of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	2:18-27	—
14	Deity and Unique Sonship of Christ	Critical	Human theologian	4:7-21	5:6-13
15	Testimony and Assurance of Salvation	Critical	Human theologian	5:6-13	—
16	Eternal Life	Critical	Human theologian	5:6-13	5:18-21
17	Overcoming the World	High	Human theologian	2:12-17	5:1-5
18	Testing the Spirits	Critical	Human theologian	4:1-6	—
19	Anointing of the Holy Spirit	Medium	Native speaker review	2:18-27	—
20	The Devil and Spiritual Warfare	High	Human theologian	2:28-3:10	5:18-21
21	Sin unto Death	High	Human theologian	5:14-17	—
22	Idolatry and Exclusive Worship	Critical	Human theologian	5:18-21	—
23	The Love Commandment	Medium	Native speaker review	2:3-11	4:7-21 (implicit, 4:21)
24	Confidence Before God	Medium	Native speaker review	3:11-24	4:7-21; 5:14-17
25	Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony	Low	Automated review	1:1-4	—
26	Imitation of Christ’s Manner of Life	Low	Automated review	2:3-11	—

Risk tier totals (confirmed consistent with doctrine_risk_registry.json): Critical = 11, High = 9, Medium = 4, Low = 2. Total = 26. Requiring human theologian review = 20. Requiring native speaker review = 4. Automated-only = 2.

Full-Chapter Coverage Confirmation

• Chapter 1 (1:1-10): reviewed — pericopes 1:1-4 and 1:5-2:2 (spanning into ch. 2) covered above; no content omitted.
• Chapter 2 (2:1-29): reviewed — pericopes 1:5-2:2 (continued), 2:3-11, 2:12-17, 2:18-27, 2:28-3:10 (spanning into ch. 3) covered above; no content omitted.
• Chapter 3 (3:1-24): reviewed — pericopes 2:28-3:10 (continued) and 3:11-24 covered above; no content omitted.
• Chapter 4 (4:1-21): reviewed — pericopes 4:1-6 and the core passage 4:7-21 covered above in full; no content omitted.
• Chapter 5 (5:1-21): reviewed — pericopes 5:1-5, 5:6-13, 5:14-17, 5:18-21 covered above; no content omitted.

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Critical Risk Doctrines

God is Light

Cantonese name: 神就是光
Key terms: light, darkness, walk in the light
Review routing: Human theologian

The anarthrous predicate ‘God is light’ must keep 神 as the fixed grammatical subject, not a reversible equation with 光. 光 itself risks conflation with Buddhist/Daoist 開悟 (attained enlightenment) or with 神光, a stock Hong Kong temple-culture phrase for a deity’s radiant power manifesting at a shrine (e.g. Wong Tai Sin). Biblical light is holy self-revealing purity that exposes sin, not an attainable inner state or a deity’s visible aura.

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God is Love

Cantonese name: 神就是愛
Key terms: love, God is love, perfected love
Review routing: Human theologian

愛 must never be rendered or paraphrased using 大愛, the branded slogan-term of the Buddhist Tzu Chi Foundation, whose public identity and extensive Hong Kong charitable presence centers on that exact phrase. The anarthrous predicate structure must likewise be preserved so this is not misread as a reversible equation exalting a generic humanistic ‘love’ in God’s place.

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Confession and Forgiveness of Sin

Cantonese name: 認罪同罪得赦免
Key terms: confess, sin, faithful and just, forgive
Review routing: Human theologian

認罪 must not be framed as fulfilling a vow owed after a granted request (還神還願, the transactional temple-vow exchange already Critical in the baseline) or as a step toward self-cultivated spiritual attainment (修成正果, already forbidden under the baseline’s ‘justification’ entry). Forgiveness rests on God’s own faithful and just character, not on the sufficiency of the act of confession itself as a ritual technique.

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Propitiation and Atonement

Cantonese name: 挽回祭同贖罪
Key terms: propitiation, atoning sacrifice, sent his Son
Review routing: Human theologian

挽回祭 must never be framed with the transactional vow-and-offering exchange model already forbidden under the baseline’s ‘grace’ and ‘justification’ entries — specifically Wong Tai Sin’s 「有求必應」pattern and 還神還願 vow-fulfillment. This is the same doctrinal risk category the baseline already flags for Romans 3:25 atonement language and must receive identical human theologian review routing.

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The Incarnation of Christ

Cantonese name: 基督嘅道成肉身
Key terms: Word of life, manifested, come in the flesh
Review routing: Human theologian

道成肉身 must never use 化身 (a deity’s repeatable manifestation, popularly attributed to Guanyin) or 顯靈 (a deity ‘manifesting power’ at a Hong Kong shrine). 1 John elevates the stakes further than Romans: denial that ‘Jesus Christ has come in the flesh’ is explicitly named as the defining mark of the spirit of error and antichrist teaching (4:2-3), making mistranslation here doctrinally catastrophic for the letter’s own test of truth.

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Antichrist and Denial of Christ

Cantonese name: 敵基督同否認基督
Key terms: antichrist, denies the Father and the Son, many antichrists
Review routing: Human theologian

敵基督 must never be reduced to a generic villain, monster (妖怪), or folklore demon-king (魔王, familiar from Journey to the West-derived Cantonese popular media). This names a specific doctrinal deception — denial that Jesus is the Christ come in the flesh — not a fantasy-genre antagonist figure.

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Deity and Unique Sonship of Christ

Cantonese name: 基督嘅神性同獨一兒子名分
Key terms: Son of God, only begotten Son, eternal life is in his Son
Review routing: Human theologian

神嘅獨生子 must never be softened toward a generic divine-man or spiritually powerful being; 神嘅兒子 must never echo 天子 (‘Son of Heaven’, the historic Chinese imperial title), as already flagged in the baseline. Christ’s Sonship here is uniquely eternal, underived, and the exclusive channel of eternal life — not one of several honored religious sons or teachers.

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Testimony and Assurance of Salvation

Cantonese name: 見證同得救嘅確據
Key terms: testimony, we know, eternal life, the Spirit, the water, and the blood
Review routing: Human theologian

見證 must not drift into the secular Hong Kong commercial register of 見證/見證分享 as a promotional ‘testimonial’. Assurance here rests on God’s own unchanging testimony concerning his Son, not on an ongoing vow-and-favor exchange that could lapse if a ritual obligation were neglected — the same distinction the baseline already requires for Romans 8’s assurance passages.

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Eternal Life

Cantonese name: 永生
Key terms: eternal life, life is in the Son, he who has the Son has life
Review routing: Human theologian

永生 must never use 長生不老 (the Daoist immortality-elixir ideal, deeply embedded in Cantonese New Year greetings and wuxia/fantasy media) or 得道成仙 (attaining Daoist-immortal status, adjacent to the baseline’s forbidden 神仙). This is relational life with the true God begun now by faith, not a self-attained state of endless physical existence.

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Testing the Spirits

Cantonese name: 試驗那啲靈
Key terms: test the spirits, spirit of error, spirit of truth, confesses Jesus
Review routing: Human theologian

This is the single passage in the book where the source text uses bare, unqualified plural ‘spirits’. Every occurrence of 靈 must carry an explicit qualifier (邪靈, 假嘅靈, 真理嘅靈, 神嘅靈/聖靈); bare unmodified 靈 must never stand alone, or it collapses into the Cantonese folk-spirit-world vocabulary of 問米 mediumship, ancestral spirits, and Hungry Ghost Festival (盂蘭節) spirits.

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Idolatry and Exclusive Worship

Cantonese name: 拜偶像同專一敬拜真神
Key terms: idols, keep yourselves from idols, the true God
Review routing: Human theologian

偶像 carries a distinctive double-collision risk unique to Cantonese: (1) it names the primary intended referent — objects and images of worship such as Wong Tai Sin, Guanyin statues, and ancestral tablets (神主牌); but (2) it is ALSO the standard modern Cantonese word for a celebrity/pop idol (偶像歌手, 偶像組合), a usage saturating Hong Kong entertainment media. Teaching materials must explicitly disambiguate so the letter’s closing command is heard as an exclusive-worship command, not a comment on fandom/celebrity culture.

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High Risk Doctrines

Abiding Union with God

Cantonese name: 同神嘅內住合一
Key terms: abide, remain, God abides in us
Review routing: Human theologian

Must never be framed with 附體 (a spirit ‘possessing/entering’ a person’s body, standard Cantonese mediumship vocabulary) or the broader 問米 spirit-indwelling framework. This mutual indwelling is personal, relational, and covenantal, grounded in the believer’s conscious faith and love, not an involuntary or ritually-induced possession.

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Cleansing by the Blood of Christ

Cantonese name: 靠基督嘅血得洗淨
Key terms: blood, cleanse, walk in the light
Review routing: Human theologian

洗淨 must be distinguished from ritual/ceremonial purification practices such as incense-based space-clearing (淨壇) or water-purification rites (灑淨). 血 must be distinguished from the Cantonese blood-oath sworn-brotherhood idiom 歃血為盟, which names a mutual human pact rather than Christ’s unilateral, once-for-all atoning sacrifice.

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Christ’s Heavenly Advocacy

Cantonese name: 基督嘅中保職事
Key terms: advocate, with the Father, the righteous one
Review routing: Human theologian

中保 must never be framed as a paid legal defender (律師) or as a mediumship intermediary channeling communication with spirits (問米婆). Christ’s advocacy rests entirely on his own righteousness and finished atoning work, not procedural representation or ritual spirit-mediation.

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New Birth / Regeneration

Cantonese name: 從神而生嘅重生
Key terms: born of God, new birth, his seed abides
Review routing: Human theologian

NEVER use 投胎轉世 (rebirth into a new womb/reincarnation cycle, already forbidden under the baseline’s ‘resurrection’ entry — the same folk-rebirth association transfers directly here). Avoid the secular self-transformation idiom 脫胎換骨, which carries no reference to God’s initiating act. This is God’s own sovereign generative act, evidenced by love and righteousness, not a self-achieved transformation.

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Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth

Cantonese name: 愛弟兄證明新生命
Key terms: brethren, love one another, Cain and Abel, whoever loves
Review routing: Human theologian

弟兄 must never be replaced by the everyday colloquial 兄弟, which carries strong triad/sworn-brotherhood connotations from Hong Kong popular film and media — the same risk category the baseline already flags for 義氣 under ‘righteousness’ and 結拜 under ‘fellowship’. Love for the brethren must remain anchored in Spirit-given family bond, not a peer-loyalty code familiar from gangster-genre media.

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Believers as Children of God

Cantonese name: 信徒作為神嘅兒女
Key terms: children of God, what we shall be, born of him
Review routing: Human theologian

神嘅兒女 (an organic-birth term) must be taught as complementary to, not a replacement for, the baseline’s forensic-legal 兒子嘅名分 (Romans’ adoption doctrine). Collapsing either concept into the other flattens 1 John’s distinct emphasis on organic new birth alongside Romans’ emphasis on legal placement as sons.

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Overcoming the World

Cantonese name: 勝過世界
Key terms: overcome, do not love the world, victory, our faith
Review routing: Human theologian

勝過/得勝 must avoid the martial-arts/wuxia ‘defeating an opponent through combat skill’ framing (打贏), pervasive in Hong Kong action-film culture. This victory is accomplished through faith in Christ’s finished work, not personal strength, technique, or skill.

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The Devil and Spiritual Warfare

Cantonese name: 魔鬼同屬靈爭戰
Key terms: the devil, works of the devil, the evil one, the whole world lies in the power of the evil one
Review routing: Human theologian

魔鬼 must be distinguished from the broad Cantonese folk category of 鬼 (covering ancestral spirits, Hungry Ghost Festival spirits, and mediumship-summoned spirits). This names one specific, personal, already-defeated fallen being, not the general folk spirit-world Hong Kong culture actively engages through ancestral rites and mediumship.

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Sin unto Death

Cantonese name: 致死嘅罪
Key terms: sin unto death, sin not unto death, intercession
Review routing: Human theologian

致死嘅罪 must not be assimilated to the folk-karmic ‘sin causing misfortune/bad fate’ framing (報應, already flagged under the baseline’s ‘sin’ entry). This is a specific, debated pastoral-theological distinction among believers’ sins, not a general principle of cosmic cause-and-effect retribution.

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Medium Risk Doctrines

Fellowship with God and One Another

Cantonese name: 同神同人嘅團契
Key terms: fellowship, with the Father and with his Son, walk in the light together
Review routing: Native speaker review

團契 itself carries low linguistic-collision risk, but the doctrine’s twofold structure — fellowship ‘with us’ AND fellowship ‘with the Father and with his Son’ — must both remain visible; translation must not collapse the vertical dimension into a merely horizontal social-club sense, nor drift toward clan/native-place-association (同鄉會) or sworn-brotherhood (結拜) framing already flagged in the baseline.

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Anointing of the Holy Spirit

Cantonese name: 聖靈嘅恩膏
Key terms: anointing, you know all things, abides in you
Review routing: Native speaker review

恩膏 must not be framed with 開光 (‘opening the light’, a Hong Kong temple/idol consecration ceremony performed on statues, talismans, or new shop premises). Biblical anointing is the Spirit’s ongoing internal teaching ministry, not an external, one-time ritual performed on an object.

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The Love Commandment

Cantonese name: 愛嘅誡命
Key terms: commandment, love one another, old and new commandment
Review routing: Native speaker review

誡命/命令 must be distinguished from Confucian filial-duty obedience (孝順, already flagged under the baseline’s ‘obedience_of_faith’ entry) and from vow-fulfilling obedience owed after a granted request (還神還願). This is a commandment received from a Father who loved first, not a debt of family duty or ritual reciprocity.

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Confidence Before God

Cantonese name: 喺神面前坦然無懼
Key terms: confidence, boldness, our heart does not condemn us, at his coming
Review routing: Native speaker review

坦然無懼 must be distinguished from generic Cantonese self-confidence/bravado (自信). This confidence is objective, grounded in the believer’s secure standing through Christ and perfected love, not psychological self-assurance or personal bravado.

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Low Risk Doctrines

Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony

Cantonese name: 使徒嘅親身見證
Key terms: that which we have heard, seen with our eyes, touched with our hands
Review routing: Automated review

Minor risk that 見證 could drift toward the secular commercial ‘testimonial’ register (見證分享) rather than sober historical eyewitness attestation; low overall collision risk given the passage’s plain narrative framing.

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Imitation of Christ’s Manner of Life

Cantonese name: 效法基督嘅生活
Key terms: walk as he walked, laid down his life for us
Review routing: Automated review

Low collision risk; standard vocabulary for imitation/discipleship without significant folk-religious counter-association in Cantonese.