Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 2 Peter (English–Cantonese)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning all three chapters of 2 Peter. Terms marked [Baseline TM] are already established in the Romans translation_memory.json and MUST be reused exactly — rendering, transliteration, and risk floor unchanged (risk may be noted as elevated in this curriculum’s context, but never re-rendered). Terms marked [New] are proposed additions to translation memory for this curriculum, pending theologian sign-off on Critical/High entries per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Exactly (from Romans translation_memory.json)
| Term | Cantonese | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters cited | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | 神 | san4 | Critical | 1,2,3 | Never 天主/上帝. |
| Jesus | 耶穌 | je4 sou1 | Critical | 1,2,3 | |
| Christ | 基督 | gei1 duk1 | Critical | 1,2,3 | |
| Lord | 主 | zyu2 | Critical | 1,2,3 | Distinguish from δεσπότης (2:1), rendered separately as 主宰. |
| Holy Spirit | 聖靈 | sing3 ling4 | Critical | 1 (1:21) | Never 靈 alone; never a 問米/扶乩 framing. |
| Father | 父 | fu6 | High | 1 (1:17) | Do not compress “God the Father” to 神父 (Catholic priest-title collision) — keep as separate words. |
| Grace | 恩典 | jan1 din2 | Critical | 1,3 (1:2; 3:18) | |
| Faith | 信心 | seon3 sam1 | High | 1 (1:1, 1:5) | |
| Righteousness | 義 | ji6 | Critical | 1,2,3 (1:1; 2:5,21; 3:13) | Distinguish from 義氣. |
| Salvation | 救恩 | gau3 jan1 | Critical | 3 (3:15) | |
| Apostle | 使徒 | si2 tou4 | Low | 1,3 (1:1; 3:2) | |
| Called | 蒙召嘅 | mung4 siu6 ge3 | High | 1 (1:10) | |
| Calling | 呼召 | fu1 siu6 | High | 1 (1:10) | |
| Holy | 聖潔 | sing3 git3 | High | 1,2,3 (1:18; 2:21; 3:2,11) | |
| Election | 揀選 | gaan2 syun2 | High | 1 (1:10) | |
| Peace | 平安 | ping4 on1 | Medium | 1 (1:2) | |
| Glory | 榮耀 | wing4 jiu6 | Medium→High in ch.1 | 1 (1:3,17) | Elevated here — Transfiguration context. |
| Kingdom of God | 神嘅國 | san4 ge3 gwok3 | Medium | 1 (1:11, as “eternal kingdom”) | Extended: 永遠嘅國. |
| Prophet | 先知 | sin1 zi1 | Low | 2,3 (2:1; 3:2) | Also compounded: 假先知. |
| Prophecy | 預言 | jyu6 jin4 | Medium→High in this curriculum | 1,3 (1:19-21; 3:2) | Elevated: core doctrine of Scripture’s inspiration. |
| Power of God | 神嘅大能 | san4 ge3 daai6 nang4 | High | 1 (1:16, “power … of our Lord Jesus Christ”) | Related: θεία δύναμις rendered 神聖嘅大能. |
B. New Terms Proposed for This Curriculum
B.1 Scripture and Inspiration
| Term | Greek | Cantonese | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Myths | μῦθος | 神話 | san4 waa2 | Low | 1 (1:16) | — | Pair with clarifying gloss “捏造嘅故仔.” |
| Eyewitness | ἐπόπτης | 目擊者 | muk6 gik1 ze2 | Medium | 1 (1:16) | 得道之人 | Avoid esoteric-initiate framing. |
| Prophetic word | προφητικὸς λόγος | 預言嘅話 | jyu6 jin4 ge3 waa2 | High | 1 (1:19) | — | Core inspiration doctrine. |
| Morning star | φωσφόρος | 晨星 | san4 sing1 | Medium | 1 (1:19) | 明星 | 明星 = “celebrity” in modern Cantonese; avoid astrology framing. |
| One’s own interpretation | ἰδία ἐπίλυσις | 個人解釋 | go3 jan4 gaai2 sik1 | High | 1 (1:20) | — | Refers to the prophet’s origination, not reader’s later interpretation. |
| Will of man | θέλημα ἀνθρώπου | 人嘅意思 | jan4 ge3 ji3 si1 | High | 1 (1:21) | — | Contrasted with Spirit-origin of prophecy. |
| Carried along by the Holy Spirit | φερόμενοι ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου | 被聖靈感動 | bei6 sing3 ling4 gam2 dung6 | Critical | 1 (1:21) | 扶乩式感應, 問米 | NEVER frame as spirit-writing/planchette divination (扶乩) or spirit-medium possession (問米). Superintended human authorship, not trance-channeling. |
| Sincere mind | εἰλικρινὴς διάνοια | 真誠嘅心 | zan1 sing4 ge3 sam1 | Low | 3 (3:1) | — | |
| Reminder | ὑπόμνησις | 提醒 | tai4 sing2 | Low | 3 (3:1) | — |
B.2 Christology and the Transfiguration
| Term | Greek | Cantonese | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Savior | σωτήρ | 救主 | gau3 zyu2 | Critical | 1,2,3 (1:1,11; 2:20; 3:2,18) | 大慈大悲救苦救難式救主, 黃大仙式救世主 | Never conflate with Guanyin’s popular epithet or Wong Tai Sin’s wish-granting savior framing. |
| Master / Sovereign Owner | δεσπότης | 主宰 | zyu2 zoi2 | Critical | 2 (2:1) | 事頭, 老爺, 玉皇大帝式主宰 | Distinct from 主 (kyrios); absolute ownership through redemption, not a folk-pantheon ruler-title. |
| Bought/redeemed | ἀγοράζω | 買贖 | maai5 suk6 | Medium | 2 (2:1) | — | Teach alongside 恩典 to avoid cold-transaction reading. |
| Coming/Parousia | παρουσία | 降臨 | gong3 lam4 | Critical | 1,3 (1:16; 3:4) | 神明降臨式顯靈, 問米式降臨 | Personal, bodily, historically final; not a ritual/mediumship manifestation. |
| Majesty | μεγαλειότης | 威嚴 | wai1 jim4 | Medium | 1 (1:16) | 威水 | Distinguish dignified majesty from flashy/impressive success. |
| Majestic Glory (title) | μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα | 極大榮光 | gik6 daai6 wing4 gwong1 | High | 1 (1:17) | — | Matches CUV; a title for God the Father. |
| Beloved Son (modifier) | ἀγαπητός | 心愛嘅 | sam1 oi3 ge3 | High | 1 (1:17) | — | Pairs with baseline 神嘅兒子 (never abbreviate). |
| Voice | φωνή | 聲音 | sing1 jam1 | Low | 1 (1:18) | — | |
| Holy mountain | ἅγιον ὄρος | 聖山 | sing3 saan1 | Medium | 1 (1:18) | 風水靈山 | Holy because of God’s manifest presence, not geomantic power. |
| Honor | τιμή | 尊榮 | zyun1 wing4 | Medium | 1 (1:17) | 面子 |
B.3 Divine Nature, Virtue, and Escaping Corruption
| Term | Greek | Cantonese | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Divine power | θεία δύναμις | 神聖嘅大能 | san4 sing3 ge3 daai6 nang4 | High | 1 (1:3) | 氣功力量, 內丹修煉嘅力量 | Granted, not self-cultivated. |
| Godliness | εὐσέβεια | 敬虔 | ging3 kin4 | Medium | 1 (1:3,6-7) | 孝, 敬拜祖先 | |
| Virtue/excellence | ἀρετή | 美德 | mei5 dak1 | Medium | 1 (1:3,5) | — | Context-sensitive: God’s excellence vs. human virtue. |
| Promise | ἐπάγγελμα | 應許 | jing3 heoi2 | Medium | 1 (1:4) | 還神還願式承諾 | |
| Partaker | κοινωνός | 同享者 | tung4 hoeng2 ze2 | High | 1 (1:4) | — | |
| Divine nature | θεία φύσις | 神嘅性情 | san4 ge3 sing3 cing4 | Critical | 1 (1:4) | 神性 (too close to 佛性), 成仙/得道嘅本性 | HIGHEST syncretism risk in book. Never framed as Taoist self-cultivated immortality (得道成仙/內丹) nor as latent universal Buddha-nature (佛性) awaiting self-realization. Grace-given, Christ-mediated, morally transformative. |
| Corruption | φθορά | 敗壞 | baai6 waai6 | High | 1,2 (1:4; 2:19) | 無常 | Moral decay, not neutral cosmic impermanence. |
| Sinful desire | ἐπιθυμία | 私慾 | si1 juk6 | Medium | 1,2 (1:4; 2:10,18) | — | |
| Escape | ἀποφεύγω | 逃脫 | tou4 tyut3 | Low | 1,2 (1:4; 2:20) | — | |
| Full knowledge | ἐπίγνωσις | 認識 | jing6 sik1 | High | 1,2 (1:2-3,8; 2:20) | 開悟 | Relational/received knowing of Christ, not self-attained enlightenment. |
| Knowledge | γνῶσις | 知識 | zi1 sik1 | Medium | 1,3 (1:5-6; 3:18) | — | |
| Self-control | ἐγκράτεια | 節制 | zit3 zai3 | Low | 1 (1:6) | — | |
| Perseverance | ὑπομονή | 忍耐 | jan2 noi6 | Medium | 1 (1:6) | — | Distinct from μακροθυμία (ch.3). |
| Brotherly affection | φιλαδελφία | 弟兄之愛 | dai6 hing1 zi1 oi3 | Low | 1 (1:7) | 結拜, 同鄉會 | |
| Love | ἀγάπη | 愛 | oi3 | Medium | 1 (1:7) | — | No baseline entry exists; propose addition to shared TM. |
| Unfruitful | ἄκαρπος | 唔結果子 | m4 git3 gwo2 zi2 | Low | 1 (1:8) | — | |
| Eternal kingdom | αἰώνιος βασιλεία | 永遠嘅國 | wing5 jyun5 ge3 gwok3 | Medium | 1 (1:11) | 王朝, 天下 | Extends baseline 神嘅國. |
| Tent/body | σκήνωμα | 帳幕 | zoeng3 mok6 | Medium | 1 (1:13-14) | 投胎轉世嘅軀殼 | Mortality metaphor, not a rebirth-cycle vessel. |
| Departure | ἔξοδος | 離世 | lei4 sai3 | Low | 1 (1:15) | — |
B.4 False Teachers and Their Judgment
| Term | Greek | Cantonese | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faith of equal standing | ἰσότιμος πίστις | 同樣寶貴嘅信心 | tung4 joeng6 bou2 gwai3 ge3 seon3 sam1 | Medium | 1 (1:1) | — | |
| False prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης | 假先知 | gaa2 sin1 zi1 | High | 2 (2:1) | 算命佬 | Serious spiritual danger, not mere charlatanry. |
| False teacher | ψευδοδιδάσκαλος | 假教師 | gaa2 gaau3 si1 | High | 2 (2:1) | — | |
| Heresy/destructive opinion | αἵρεσις | 異端 | ji6 dyun1 | High | 2 (2:1) | 唔同意見 | Destructive doctrine, not a loose “different viewpoint.” |
| Destruction/perdition | ἀπώλεια / ἀπόλλυμι | 滅亡 | mit6 mong4 | High | 2,3 (2:1,3; 3:9,16) | 報應 | Personal judicial sentence, not impersonal karma. |
| Sensuality | ἀσέλγεια | 淫蕩 | jam4 dong6 | Medium | 2 (2:2) | — | |
| Greed | πλεονεξία | 貪心 | taam1 sam1 | Medium | 2 (2:3) | — | |
| Judgment | κρίσις | 審判 | sam2 pun3 | Critical | 2,3 (2:4,9; 3:7) | 報應 | Personal moral tribunal, fixed future date, not karmic ledger. |
| Tartarus/hell | ταρταρόω | 落地獄 | lok6 dei6 juk6 | Critical | 2 (2:4) | 十八層地獄式描述, 超度可脫離嘅地獄 | Custody for fallen angels awaiting fixed judgment; no karmic-ledger structure, no ritual-intervention escape route (contra folk hell-money/超度 practice). |
| Flood | κατακλυσμός | 洪水 | hung4 seoi2 | Low | 2,3 (2:5; 3:6) | — | |
| Herald of righteousness | κῆρυξ δικαιοσύνης | 義嘅使者 | ji6 ge3 si3 ze2 | Medium | 2 (2:5) | — | |
| Warning example | ὑπόδειγμα | 警戒嘅例子 | ging2 gaai3 ge3 lai6 zi2 | Medium | 2 (2:6) | — | |
| Authority/dominion | κυριότης | 主權 | zyu2 kyun4 | High | 2 (2:10) | — | Keep doctrinal, not political, per HK-context caution. |
| Blaspheme/blasphemer | βλασφημέω / βλάσφημος | 褻瀆 | sit3 duk6 | Medium | 2 (2:10,12) | 褒瀆 (incorrect character) | |
| Irrational animals | ἄλογα ζῷα | 無理性嘅動物 | mou4 lei5 sing3 ge3 dung6 mat6 | Low | 2 (2:12) | — | |
| Scoffer | ἐμπαίκτης | 戲笑者 | hei3 siu3 ze2 | High | 3 (3:3) | — | Moral rejection, not honest intellectual doubt. |
| Lawless | ἄθεσμος | 無法無天嘅人 | mou4 faat3 mou4 tin1 ge3 jan4 | Low | 3 (3:17) | — | Standard idiom, appropriate here. |
| Stability | στηριγμός | 堅固 | gin3 gu3 | Low | 3 (3:17) | — |
B.5 The Day of the Lord, Christ’s Return, and God’s Patience
| Term | Greek | Cantonese | Transliteration | Risk | Chapters | Alternatives rejected | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Day of the Lord | ἡμέρα Κυρίου | 主嘅日子 | zyu2 ge3 jat6 zi2 | Critical | 3 (3:10,12) | 老黃曆式擇日 | Fixed, certain, personal — not an almanac-forecast date. |
| Patience/forbearance | μακροθυμία | 寬容 | fun1 jung4 | High | 3 (3:9,15) | 運程式忍耐 | God’s purposeful patience aimed at repentance, not a depleting favor-ledger. |
| Repentance | μετάνοια | 悔改 | fui3 goi2 | High | 3 (3:9) | 還神還願, 功德 | Genuine grace-enabled change, not ritual obligation discharge. |
| Heavenly bodies/elements | στοιχεῖα | 天象 | tin1 zoeng6 | Medium | 3 (3:10,12) | 占星式天象 | Literal physical dissolution, not an omen to be divined. |
| New heavens and new earth | καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ καινὴν γῆν | 新天新地 | san1 tin1 san1 dei6 | Medium | 3 (3:13) | 劫（佛教宇宙循環） | Final, one-time renewal, not a cyclical cosmic age. |
| Spotless and blameless | ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος | 無玷污無瑕疵 | mou4 dim3 wu1 mou4 haa4 zi3 | Low | 3 (3:14) | — |
Risk Summary for This Curriculum
| Risk | Count (new terms) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | 神嘅性情, 被聖靈感動, 救主, 主宰, 降臨, 落地獄, 審判, 主嘅日子 |
| High | 16 | Including 預言嘅話, 個人解釋, 認識, 敗壞, 假先知, 假教師, 異端, 主權, 戲笑者, 寬容, 悔改, 滅亡, 同享者, 神聖嘅大能, 尊榮/極大榮光/心愛嘅 (Christology cluster), 人嘅意思 |
| Medium | ~22 | See tables above |
| Low | ~16 | See tables above |
All Critical and High entries above require human theologian review per the escalation rules in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md, with special attention to the divine nature (1:4) and carried along by the Holy Spirit (1:21) entries, which present the sharpest syncretism risk with Hong Kong Taoist/Buddhist folk-religious practice identified in this analysis.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: 神
Transliteration: san4
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 天主, 上帝, 老天爺
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never 天主 (Catholic term) or 上帝. In 2 Peter 1:1, note the grammatically ambiguous but doctrinally deliberate identification of God and Savior in one person (‘our God and Savior Jesus Christ’) — do not split into two separate referents when translating; requires translator note per Granville Sharp construction.
Jesus
Approved rendering: 耶穌
Transliteration: je4 sou1
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Standard transliteration.
Christ Messiah
Approved rendering: 基督
Transliteration: gei1 duk1
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: 彌勒, 黃大仙式嘅救世主
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never conflate with Maitreya (彌勒) or a wish-granting temple deity’s savior epithet — a live risk given 2 Peter’s repeated ‘Lord and Savior’ title formula (1:1, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18).
Lord
Approved rendering: 主
Transliteration: zyu2
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 事頭, 老爺
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Never 事頭 or 老爺. In 2 Peter 2:1, distinguish from the stronger ownership-term δεσπότης, rendered separately as 主宰 (see despotes_master) — do not collapse the two into one word.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: 聖靈
Transliteration: sing3 ling4
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 問米嘅靈, 祖先靈, 扶乩嘅靈
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Never 靈 alone. In 2 Peter 1:21’s 被聖靈感動 (‘carried along by the Holy Spirit’), the compound must never be read through a 問米 (spirit-medium) or 扶乩 (spirit-writing) folk-religious lens — see carried_along_by_holy_spirit entry below for mandatory distinguishing note.
Grace
Approved rendering: 恩典
Transliteration: jan1 din2
Doctrine: Growth in Grace and Knowledge of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 福氣, 有求必應式嘅恩典, 功德
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused unaltered in 2 Peter 1:2 and 3:18 (letter’s inclusio). Never framed as reciprocal temple-vow favor (Wong Tai Sin’s ‘whatever you ask, you shall receive’).
Righteousness
Approved rendering: 義
Transliteration: ji6
Doctrine: Equally Precious Faith Among Believers
Rejected alternatives: 道德, 善行
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:1 (God’s righteousness granting equally precious faith), 2:5/2:21 (Noah/the way of righteousness), 3:13 (new creation ‘in which righteousness dwells’). Distinguish from Confucian loyalty-and-honor 義氣 in every occurrence, especially 2:5’s ‘herald of righteousness’ (see herald_of_righteousness).
Salvation
Approved rendering: 救恩
Transliteration: gau3 jan1
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: 解脫, 超度, 大慈大悲救苦救難
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 3:15, explicitly as the fruit of God’s patience. Never 解脫 or 超度; never Guanyin’s popular epithet.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅兒子
Transliteration: san4 ge3 ji4 zi2
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Declaration)
Rejected alternatives: 天子, 神人
Inherited from Romans package. Full phrase required at 2 Peter 1:17’s ‘This is my beloved Son’; never abbreviate to 神人. Pairs with modifier 心愛嘅 for ἀγαπητός (see beloved).
Carried Along By Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: 被聖靈感動
Transliteration: bei6 sing3 ling4 gam2 dung6
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 扶乩式感應, 問米
Original: φερόμενοι ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου
Category: Scripture
New for this curriculum. φερόμενοι ὑπὸ πνεύματος ἁγίου, 2 Peter 1:21 — THE key inspiration-of-Scripture phrase in the book. CRITICAL: sits extremely close to 扶乩 (spirit-writing/planchette divination) and 問米 (spirit-medium consultation), both live Hong Kong/Cantonese folk-Taoist practices. MANDATORY distinguishing note on every occurrence: sovereign superintendence of the prophets’ own minds/personalities/circumstances, not trance-channeling, possession, or a repeatable revelatory technique; the canon it produced is closed. Also never given an ecstatic/tongues-evidence framing (cf. True Jesus Church tradition, per 05_translation_landscape.md §3).
Savior
Approved rendering: 救主
Transliteration: gau3 zyu2
Doctrine: Lordship and Purchased Ownership of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 大慈大悲救苦救難式救主, 黃大仙式救世主
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. σωτήρ, recurring fixed title ‘our Lord and Savior Jesus Christ’ (1:1, 1:11, 2:20, 3:2, 3:18). CRITICAL: never conflate with Guanyin’s popular epithet 大慈大悲救苦救難 or with Wong Tai Sin’s wish-granting savior framing, both deeply embedded in Hong Kong household devotion.
Despotes Master
Approved rendering: 主宰
Transliteration: zyu2 zoi2
Doctrine: Lordship and Purchased Ownership of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 事頭, 老爺, 玉皇大帝式主宰
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. δεσπότης, 2 Peter 2:1, stronger than κύριος, naming Christ’s absolute ownership-authority over believers he purchased. CRITICAL: distinct from baseline 主; must never be a folk-pantheon ruler-title (e.g. 玉皇大帝, the Jade Emperor) nor a feudal/employer honorific already forbidden under baseline ‘lord.‘
Parousia Coming
Approved rendering: 降臨
Transliteration: gong3 lam4
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: 神明降臨式顯靈, 問米式降臨
Original: παρουσία
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. παρουσία, 2 Peter 1:16 and 3:4. CRITICAL: the standard Chinese Christian rendering, but the same word is used in Hong Kong/Cantonese folk religion for a deity ‘descending’ during ritual invocation or spirit-medium séance (神明降臨). No alternative Chinese Bible rendering exists — the entire disambiguation burden rests on mandatory teaching notes: Christ’s parousia is a single, personal, bodily, visible, historically final event, never a repeatable ritual manifestation.
Divine Nature
Approved rendering: 神嘅性情
Transliteration: san4 ge3 sing3 cing4
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: 神性, 成仙/得道嘅本性, 佛性式本性
Original: θεία φύσις
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. θεία φύσις, 2 Peter 1:4. THE single highest syncretism risk in the entire book for a Hong Kong audience: (1) Taoist internal-alchemy tradition (內丹/煉丹) teaches self-cultivated attainment of immortal/divine nature (得道成仙); (2) Buddhist teaching holds all beings already possess latent Buddha-nature (佛性) awaiting realization. CUV’s 性情 is markedly safer than bare 神性 (too structurally parallel to 佛性). MANDATORY teaching note on every occurrence: (a) granted by grace through Christ’s promises, never self-cultivated; (b) not a pre-existing latent nature awaiting self-realization; (c) inseparable from moral transformation and escape from corruption. Also never permitted to drift toward the Local Church/Recovery Version’s ‘mingling of divinity and humanity’/deification gloss (see 05_translation_landscape.md §3.2).
Judgment
Approved rendering: 審判
Transliteration: sam2 pun3
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 報應
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. κρίσις, 2 Peter 2:4, 2:9, 3:7. CRITICAL: distinguish sharply from impersonal karmic retribution (報應), extremely embedded in ordinary Cantonese moral speech — this is a personal moral tribunal presided over by God, with a fixed future date.
Tartarus Hell
Approved rendering: 落地獄
Transliteration: lok6 dei6 juk6
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and the Ancient World (Flood, Sodom, Tartarus)
Rejected alternatives: 十八層地獄式描述, 超度可脫離嘅地獄
Original: ταρταρόω
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. ταρταρόω, 2 Peter 2:4, unique NT verb. CRITICAL: 地獄 evokes the vivid Hong Kong folk-Buddhist/Taoist eighteen-hells cosmology (十八層地獄), Yama King (閻羅王), hell-money burned at the Hungry Ghost Festival (盂蘭節), and 超度 release-rites. MANDATORY note: this custody has no multi-level karmic-ledger structure, no presiding folk-deity judge, and no possibility of ritual intervention, offering, or intercessory rite to alter the outcome.
Day Of The Lord
Approved rendering: 主嘅日子
Transliteration: zyu2 ge3 jat6 zi2
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 老黃曆式擇日
Original: ἡμέρα Κυρίου
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum, built on baseline 主. ἡμέρα Κυρίου, 2 Peter 3:10, 3:12. CRITICAL: must be explicitly distinguished from an astrologically auspicious/inauspicious day determined by almanac consultation (老黃曆) — this is a single, fixed, certain day of God’s personal intervention in history, not a calendrical forecast.
High Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: 父
Transliteration: fu6
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Declaration)
Rejected alternatives: 祖先, 老竇式嘅父
Original: θεὸς πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. In 2 Peter 1:17’s ‘God the Father,’ never compress to the compound 神父, which Hong Kong readers will read as the Catholic priestly title. Render as separate words: 父神 or 神,即父.
Faith
Approved rendering: 信心
Transliteration: seon3 sam1
Doctrine: Equally Precious Faith Among Believers
Rejected alternatives: 虔誠, 睇相算命式嘅相信
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 2 Peter 1:1’s ‘faith of equal standing’ (see faith_of_equal_standing) and 1:5.
Called
Approved rendering: 蒙召嘅
Transliteration: mung4 siu6 ge3
Doctrine: Assurance through Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: 天生註定, 命中注定
Original: κλητός / κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:10 (‘make your calling and election sure’). Never a fixed fate read off a birth chart (八字).
Calling
Approved rendering: 呼召
Transliteration: fu1 siu6
Doctrine: Assurance through Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: 命運, 緣分
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:10.
Holy
Approved rendering: 聖潔
Transliteration: sing3 git3
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: 清淨, 戒口修行式嘅潔淨
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:18 (‘holy mountain,’ see holy_mountain), 2:21 (‘the holy commandment’/‘way of righteousness’), 3:2, 3:11 (holy prophets/holy living).
Election
Approved rendering: 揀選
Transliteration: gaan2 syun2
Doctrine: Assurance through Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: 命運, 八字注定
Original: ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:10, paired with 蒙召嘅. Never 命運 or 八字注定.
Glory
Approved rendering: 榮耀
Transliteration: wing4 jiu6
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Declaration)
Rejected alternatives: 面子, 威水
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package; baseline tier Medium, ELEVATED to High for this curriculum because 2 Peter 1:17 directly pairs 榮耀 with the Transfiguration’s revelation of Christ’s deity, and 1:3 ties it to the believer’s calling. Never 面子 or 威水.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: 預言
Transliteration: jyu6 jin4
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 求籤, 睇風水擇日
Original: προφητεία
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package; baseline tier Medium, ELEVATED to High for this curriculum since 2 Peter 1:19-21 makes prophecy’s divine origin the letter’s central inspiration-of-Scripture claim. Never reduced to a fortune-teller’s or almanac’s prediction.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅大能
Transliteration: san4 ge3 daai6 nang4
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: 法力, 風水嘅力量
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Applied at 2 Peter 1:16 to ‘the power … of our Lord Jesus Christ’ (主耶穌基督嘅大能). Never 法力 or feng shui-attributed power. Distinct but related to θεία δύναμις (divine_power, 1:3), rendered 神聖嘅大能.
Prophetic Word
Approved rendering: 預言嘅話
Transliteration: jyu6 jin4 ge3 waa2
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφητικὸς λόγος
Category: Scripture
New for this curriculum. προφητικὸς λόγος, 2 Peter 1:19. Core term for the Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture doctrine. Must not be reduced to a generic ‘prediction’ comparable to fortune-telling almanac culture.
Ones Own Interpretation
Approved rendering: 個人解釋
Transliteration: go3 jan4 gaai2 sik1
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: ἴδιος ἐπίλυσις
Category: Scripture
New for this curriculum. ἰδία ἐπίλυσις, 2 Peter 1:20. Requires translator note: most plausibly concerns the prophet’s own origination of the message, not a reader’s later interpretation. Must not be rendered in a way suggesting ordinary personal Bible reading by believers today is forbidden — a verse actively exploited by hierarchical/guru-led groups to argue Scripture requires an authorized living interpreter (see 05_translation_landscape.md §2, 3:16).
Will Of Man
Approved rendering: 人嘅意思
Transliteration: jan4 ge3 ji3 si1
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Original: θέλημα ἀνθρώπου
Category: Scripture
New for this curriculum. θέλημα ἀνθρώπου, 2 Peter 1:21. Contrasted directly with Spirit-origin of prophecy; preserve the strong negation (‘絕唔係出於人嘅意思’).
Majestic Glory
Approved rendering: 極大榮光
Transliteration: gik6 daai6 wing4 gwong1
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Declaration)
Original: μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα
Category: God
New for this curriculum. μεγαλοπρεπὴς δόξα, 2 Peter 1:17. Matches CUV’s established rendering. Must be clearly understood as a reverent title for God the Father himself, not an impersonal radiant force or a separate divine being.
Beloved
Approved rendering: 心愛嘅
Transliteration: sam1 oi3 ge3
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Declaration)
Original: ἀγαπητός
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. ἀγαπητός, 2 Peter 1:17. Pairs with baseline 神嘅兒子 (son_of_god); never drop the full phrase in favor of a shortened ‘神人’-style term.
Divine Power
Approved rendering: 神聖嘅大能
Transliteration: san4 sing3 ge3 daai6 nang4
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: 氣功力量, 內丹修煉嘅力量
Original: θεία δύναμις
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. θεία δύναμις, 2 Peter 1:3. Distinguish explicitly from self-cultivated power sought through qigong/internal-alchemy practice (氣功/內丹修煉) — this power is granted through knowledge of Christ, never attained by human technique. Related but distinct from baseline power_of_god (神嘅大能).
Partaker
Approved rendering: 同享者
Transliteration: tung4 hoeng2 ze2
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: κοινωνός
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. κοινωνός, 2 Peter 1:4. Must retain the sense of a grace-given sharing bestowed through relationship with Christ, not an independent spiritual attainment. Always keep grammatically anchored to the preceding promise-clause; never let a shortened rendering drop the ‘through these promises’ connector.
Corruption
Approved rendering: 敗壞
Transliteration: baai6 waai6
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: 無常
Original: φθορά
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. φθορά, 2 Peter 1:4 and 2:19. Distinguish from the Buddhist doctrine of impermanence (無常) as a neutral cosmic law — this corruption is morally culpable decay caused by sinful desire.
Full Knowledge
Approved rendering: 認識
Transliteration: jing6 sik1
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: 開悟
Original: ἐπίγνωσις
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum. ἐπίγνωσις, 2 Peter 1:2-3, 1:8, 2:20. Must be distinguished from Buddhist self-attained ‘enlightenment/awakening’ (開悟) — this knowing is relational and received, centered on Christ.
False Prophet
Approved rendering: 假先知
Transliteration: gaa2 sin1 zi1
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 算命佬
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: False Teaching
New for this curriculum, extends baseline 先知. ψευδοπροφήτης, 2 Peter 2:1. Distinguish from a mere fortune-teller/charlatan (算命佬) — a false prophet falsely claims divine authority, a serious spiritual danger.
False Teacher
Approved rendering: 假教師
Transliteration: gaa2 gaau3 si1
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Original: ψευδοδιδάσκαλος
Category: False Teaching
New for this curriculum, built on baseline 教會 root. ψευδοδιδάσκαλος, 2 Peter 2:1. Names an internal church danger, not an external religious rival.
Heresy
Approved rendering: 異端
Transliteration: ji6 dyun1
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 唔同意見
Original: αἵρεσις
Category: False Teaching
New for this curriculum. αἵρεσις, 2 Peter 2:1. Must denote doctrine that leads to destruction (ἀπωλείας), not merely ‘a different viewpoint’ in a loose modern sense.
Destruction Perdition
Approved rendering: 滅亡
Transliteration: mit6 mong4
Doctrine: False Teachers and Their Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 報應
Original: ἀπώλεια / ἀπόλλυμι
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. ἀπώλεια / ἀπόλλυμι, 2 Peter 2:1, 2:3, 3:9, 3:16. Distinguish from impersonal karmic retribution (報應) — this is a personal, judicial sentence from God. Never given an annihilationist gloss implying simple non-existence (cf. Jehovah’s Witnesses/NWT tradition, per 05_translation_landscape.md §3).
Authority Dominion
Approved rendering: 主權
Transliteration: zyu2 kyun4
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Exploitation
Original: κυριότης
Category: Church
New for this curriculum, built on 主 root. κυριότης, 2 Peter 2:10. Per baseline caution on kingdom/authority language, keep this doctrinal (angelic rank), not framed as political-authority commentary, given Hong Kong’s political sensitivities.
Scoffer
Approved rendering: 戲笑者
Transliteration: hei3 siu3 ze2
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Original: ἐμπαίκτης
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. ἐμπαίκτης, 2 Peter 3:3. Must distinguish scoffing (a moral rejection ‘following their own sinful desires’) from ordinary intellectual skepticism.
Patience Of God
Approved rendering: 寬容
Transliteration: fun1 jung4
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: 運程式忍耐
Original: μακροθυμία
Category: God
New for this curriculum. μακροθυμία, 2 Peter 3:9, 3:15 — distinct Greek root from ὑπομονή (perseverance, ch.1). Distinguish from a temple deity’s or ancestor’s tolerance running out within an impersonal karmic ledger — God’s patience is purposeful, aimed at repentance. Must not be overtranslated into a guarantee of universalist salvation (see 05_translation_landscape.md §2, 3:9).
Repentance
Approved rendering: 悔改
Transliteration: fui3 goi2
Doctrine: Patience of God’s Timing
Rejected alternatives: 還神還願, 功德
Original: μετάνοια
Category: Salvation
New for this curriculum, and proposed for addition to the shared cross-curriculum translation memory (no baseline Romans entry exists). μετάνοια, 2 Peter 3:9. Distinguish from ritual atonement acts (功德, 還神還願) — it is a genuine inward change enabled by grace, not a ritual discharge of obligation.
Medium Risk Terms
Peace
Approved rendering: 平安
Transliteration: ping4 on1
Doctrine: Growth in Grace and Knowledge of Christ
Rejected alternatives: 平安符式嘅平安, 老黃曆話嘅好日子
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:2 (opening greeting).
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: 神嘅國
Transliteration: san4 ge3 gwok3
Doctrine: Assurance through Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: 天下, 王朝
Original: βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. Extended at 2 Peter 1:11 with modifier 永遠 → 永遠嘅國 (see eternal_kingdom). Retain baseline caution against political/dynastic framing given Hong Kong’s political sensitivities.
Eyewitness
Approved rendering: 目擊者
Transliteration: muk6 gik1 ze2
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: 得道之人
Original: ἐπόπτης
Category: Scripture
New for this curriculum. ἐπόπτης, 2 Peter 1:16. Must not be rendered with a term suggesting initiatory/esoteric ‘seeing’ (avoid 得道/開悟 vocabulary); this is ordinary courtroom-style eyewitness testimony grounding Scripture’s reliability.
Morning Star
Approved rendering: 晨星
Transliteration: san4 sing1
Doctrine: The Certainty of Christ’s Return
Rejected alternatives: 明星
Original: φωσφόρος
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. φωσφόρος, 2 Peter 1:19. Never render as 明星 (‘celebrity’ in modern Cantonese). Distinguish from astrological star-sign forecasting (星座運程).
Bought Redeemed
Approved rendering: 買贖
Transliteration: maai5 suk6
Doctrine: Lordship and Purchased Ownership of Christ
Original: ἀγοράζω
Category: Salvation
New for this curriculum. ἀγοράζω, 2 Peter 2:1. Should be taught alongside 恩典 so the purchase is not misread as a cold market transaction devoid of covenant love, given Hong Kong’s contract-driven commercial culture.
Majesty
Approved rendering: 威嚴
Transliteration: wai1 jim4
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: 威水
Original: μεγαλειότης
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. μεγαλειότης, 2 Peter 1:16. Distinguish from 威水 (‘flashy/impressive success’), already flagged under baseline ‘glory’; 威嚴 must convey dignified divine grandeur, not showy achievement.
Holy Mountain
Approved rendering: 聖山
Transliteration: sing3 saan1
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: 風水靈山
Original: ἅγιον ὄρος
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. ἅγιον ὄρος, 2 Peter 1:18. Distinguish explicitly from feng shui ‘sacred mountain’ veneration (geomantic power, prominent in Hong Kong property/burial-site culture) — this mountain is holy solely because of God’s manifest presence.
Honor
Approved rendering: 尊榮
Transliteration: zyun1 wing4
Doctrine: Deity and Sonship of Christ (Transfiguration Declaration)
Rejected alternatives: 面子
Original: τιμή
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. τιμή, 2 Peter 1:17. Should not be reduced to 面子 (face/reputation), already flagged as forbidden under baseline ‘glory.‘
Godliness
Approved rendering: 敬虔
Transliteration: ging3 kin4
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: 孝, 敬拜祖先
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. εὐσέβεια, 2 Peter 1:3, 1:6-7, 3:11. Distinguish from Confucian filial piety 孝 and from ritual ancestor/temple devotion 敬拜祖先.
Virtue Excellence
Approved rendering: 美德
Transliteration: mei5 dak1
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀρετή
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. ἀρετή, context-sensitive: God’s own excellence (1:3) vs. a cultivated Christian virtue (1:5). Same Cantonese word serves both referents; segment-level disambiguation notes required to preserve Peter’s deliberate wordplay rather than two different target terms.
Promise
Approved rendering: 應許
Transliteration: jing3 heoi2
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Rejected alternatives: 還神還願式承諾
Original: ἐπάγγελμα
Category: Covenant
New for this curriculum. ἐπάγγελμα, 2 Peter 1:4 and 3:13. Distinguish from a temple vow-and-fulfillment exchange (還神還願) — God’s promise is unconditionally given, not a reciprocal bargain.
Sinful Desire
Approved rendering: 私慾
Transliteration: si1 juk6
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἐπιθυμία
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. ἐπιθυμία, 2 Peter 1:4, 2:10, 2:18. Context should make the negative moral sense clear against generic ‘desire’ vocabulary.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: 知識
Transliteration: zi1 sik1
Doctrine: Growth in Grace and Knowledge of Christ
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum. γνῶσις, 2 Peter 1:5-6, 3:18. Distinct from the deeper relational ἐπίγνωσις; moderate risk of being read as purely intellectual mastery.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: 忍耐
Transliteration: jan2 noi6
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. ὑπομονή, 2 Peter 1:6. Matches CUV. Distinct Greek root from μακροθυμία (patience_of_god, ch.3) — human endurance vs. divine forbearance; never conflated.
Love
Approved rendering: 愛
Transliteration: oi3
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Church
New for this curriculum, and proposed for addition to the shared cross-curriculum translation memory (no baseline Romans entry exists). ἀγάπη, 2 Peter 1:7, crowning virtue of the virtue-chain. Cantonese 愛 also carries generic romantic/secular usage requiring contextual disambiguation.
Eternal Kingdom
Approved rendering: 永遠嘅國
Transliteration: wing5 jyun5 ge3 gwok3
Doctrine: Assurance through Calling and Election
Rejected alternatives: 王朝, 天下
Original: αἰώνιος βασιλεία
Category: Kingdom
New for this curriculum, extending baseline 神嘅國 with modifier 永遠. 2 Peter 1:11. Retain baseline caution against political/dynastic framing given Hong Kong’s political sensitivities.
Tent Body
Approved rendering: 帳幕
Transliteration: zoeng3 mok6
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
Rejected alternatives: 投胎轉世嘅軀殼
Original: σκήνωμα
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. σκήνωμα, 2 Peter 1:13-14, metaphor for the mortal body. Distinguish from any reincarnation-adjacent notion of the body as a vessel awaiting rebirth (投胎轉世, forbidden under baseline ‘resurrection’).
Faith Of Equal Standing
Approved rendering: 同樣寶貴嘅信心
Transliteration: tung4 joeng6 bou2 gwai3 ge3 seon3 sam1
Doctrine: Equally Precious Faith Among Believers
Original: ἰσότιμος πίστις
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum, built on baseline 信心. ἰσότιμος πίστις, 2 Peter 1:1. Emphasize no spiritually elite tier exists among believers; must not be softened into diplomatic language reintroducing a status hierarchy.
Sensuality
Approved rendering: 淫蕩
Transliteration: jam4 dong6
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Exploitation
Original: ἀσέλγεια
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. ἀσέλγεια, 2 Peter 2:2. Standard term.
Greed
Approved rendering: 貪心
Transliteration: taam1 sam1
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Exploitation
Original: πλεονεξία
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. πλεονεξία, 2 Peter 2:3. Ensure the moral condemnation is not softened toward mere ‘ambition’ given Hong Kong’s commercially attuned culture.
Herald Of Righteousness
Approved rendering: 義嘅使者
Transliteration: ji6 ge3 si3 ze2
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and the Ancient World (Flood, Sodom, Tartarus)
Original: κῆρυξ δικαιοσύνης
Category: Covenant
New for this curriculum, built on baseline 義. κῆρυξ δικαιοσύνης, 2 Peter 2:5 (Noah). Ensure this reads as a herald announcing right standing before God, not a herald of a Confucian loyalty-and-honor code.
Warning Example
Approved rendering: 警戒嘅例子
Transliteration: ging2 gaai3 ge3 lai6 zi2
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and the Ancient World (Flood, Sodom, Tartarus)
Original: ὑπόδειγμα
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. ὑπόδειγμα, 2 Peter 2:6 (Sodom and Gomorrah). Preserve the warning (not merely illustrative) force of the image.
Blaspheme
Approved rendering: 褻瀆
Transliteration: sit3 duk6
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Exploitation
Rejected alternatives: 褒瀆 (incorrect character)
Original: βλασφημέω / βλάσφημος
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. βλασφημέω / βλάσφημος, 2 Peter 2:10, 2:12. Ensure correct character 褻瀆, not the phonetically similar but incorrect 褒瀆.
Heavenly Bodies Elements
Approved rendering: 天象
Transliteration: tin1 zoeng6
Doctrine: The Day of the Lord and Final Judgment
Rejected alternatives: 占星式天象
Original: στοιχεῖα
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. στοιχεῖα, 2 Peter 3:10, 3:12. Matches CUV. Clarify literal physical dissolution of creation, not an omen to be divined (avoid classical astrological omen-reading 占星/睇天象).
New Heavens New Earth
Approved rendering: 新天新地
Transliteration: san1 tin1 san1 dei6
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Rejected alternatives: 劫（佛教宇宙循環）
Original: καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ καινὴν γῆν
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. καινοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ καινὴν γῆν, 2 Peter 3:13. Distinguish from Buddhist cyclical cosmic-age doctrine (劫, kalpa) or Daoist endlessly repeating cosmic renewal — final, one-time, permanent renewal.
Low Risk Terms
Apostle
Approved rendering: 使徒
Transliteration: si2 tou4
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Rejected alternatives: 風水師, 大師
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 1:1 (Peter’s self-designation) and 3:2 (collective apostolic testimony).
Prophet
Approved rendering: 先知
Transliteration: sin1 zi1
Doctrine: Reliability and Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: 風水師, 算命佬
Original: προφήτης
Category: Scripture
Inherited from Romans package. Reused at 2 Peter 3:2. Also compounded as 假先知 for the false-prophet concept (see false_prophet).
Servant Slave
Approved rendering: 僕人
Transliteration: buk6 jan4
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
New for this curriculum. δοῦλος, 2 Peter 1:1, Peter’s self-identification of total devotion to Christ. Standard term; low collision risk.
Myths
Approved rendering: 神話
Transliteration: san4 waa2
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Original: μῦθος
Category: Scripture
New for this curriculum. μῦθος, 2 Peter 1:16. Standard Cantonese word for myth/legend; low collision risk, but pair with clarifying gloss ‘捏造嘅故仔’ so Peter’s evidentiary contrast (invented tale vs. verified eyewitness history) is not lost.
Sincere Mind
Approved rendering: 真誠嘅心
Transliteration: zan1 sing4 ge3 sam1
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
Original: εἰλικρινὴς διάνοια
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum. εἰλικρινὴς διάνοια, 2 Peter 3:1. Standard vocabulary; low collision risk.
Reminder
Approved rendering: 提醒
Transliteration: tai4 sing2
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
Original: ὑπόμνησις
Category: Faith
New for this curriculum. ὑπόμνησις, 2 Peter 3:1. Peter’s stated purpose for both letters; low collision risk.
Voice
Approved rendering: 聲音
Transliteration: sing1 jam1
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony of Christ’s Glory
Original: φωνή
Category: Christology
New for this curriculum. φωνή, 2 Peter 1:18. Standard vocabulary; low collision risk.
Escape
Approved rendering: 逃脫
Transliteration: tou4 tyut3
Doctrine: Divine Nature and Escaping Corruption
Original: ἀποφεύγω
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. ἀποφεύγω, 2 Peter 1:4, 2:20. Decisive, once-for-all break, not a gradual self-attained liberation.
Self Control
Approved rendering: 節制
Transliteration: zit3 zai3
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. ἐγκράτεια, 2 Peter 1:6. Virtue-chain term; low collision risk.
Brotherly Affection
Approved rendering: 弟兄之愛
Transliteration: dai6 hing1 zi1 oi3
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Rejected alternatives: 結拜, 同鄉會
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Church
New for this curriculum. φιλαδελφία, 2 Peter 1:7. Distinguish from sworn-brotherhood ritual pacts (結拜) or clan/native-place associations (同鄉會), already flagged under baseline ‘fellowship.‘
Unfruitful
Approved rendering: 唔結果子
Transliteration: m4 git3 gwo2 zi2
Doctrine: Growing in Christian Virtue
Original: ἄκαρπος
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. ἄκαρπος, 2 Peter 1:8. Standard term; low collision risk.
Departure
Approved rendering: 離世
Transliteration: lei4 sai3
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
Original: ἔξοδος
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. ἔξοδος, 2 Peter 1:15, euphemism for Peter’s impending martyrdom. Low collision risk.
Flood
Approved rendering: 洪水
Transliteration: hung4 seoi2
Doctrine: Judgment of Fallen Angels and the Ancient World (Flood, Sodom, Tartarus)
Original: κατακλυσμός
Category: Eschatology
New for this curriculum. κατακλυσμός, 2 Peter 2:5, 3:6. Historical type of judgment; low collision risk.
Irrational Animals
Approved rendering: 無理性嘅動物
Transliteration: mou4 lei5 sing3 ge3 dung6 mat6
Doctrine: False Teachers’ Immorality and Exploitation
Original: ἄλογα ζῷα
Category: False Teaching
New for this curriculum. ἄλογα ζῷα, 2 Peter 2:12. Metaphor for instinct-driven, corrupt behavior; low collision risk.
Lawless
Approved rendering: 無法無天嘅人
Transliteration: mou4 faat3 mou4 tin1 ge3 jan4
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
Original: ἄθεσμος
Category: Sin
New for this curriculum. ἄθεσμος, 2 Peter 3:17. Standard Cantonese idiom; appropriate here.
Stability
Approved rendering: 堅固
Transliteration: gin3 gu3
Doctrine: Reminder and Pastoral Exhortation
Original: στηριγμός
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. στηριγμός, 2 Peter 3:17. Standard term; low collision risk.
Spotless Blameless
Approved rendering: 無玷污無瑕疵
Transliteration: mou4 dim3 wu1 mou4 haa4 zi3
Doctrine: New Heavens and New Earth
Original: ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος
Category: Sanctification
New for this curriculum. ἄσπιλος καὶ ἀμώμητος, 2 Peter 3:14. Standard term; low collision risk.
Referenced passages