Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 John — Kashmiri (Koshur) Translation Requirements
Curriculum: 1 John
Core passage anchor: 1 John 4:7-21
Script: Perso-Arabic (per baseline Language Package)
Governing rule: Every term below marked “Romans TM — reused” MUST use the exact baseline rendering with no substitution. Every new term below is proposed for the first time in this Language Package extension and must be added to translation_memory.json at Phase 2 onboarding with the risk tier, rendering, and rejected alternatives recorded here.
A. Terms Reused Exactly From Baseline Romans Translation Memory
| English term | Greek | Kashmiri (reused exactly) | Risk (baseline) | 1 John occurrences | Note for this curriculum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| God | θεός | خُدا | Critical | Throughout (1:5; 4:8,16; etc.) | ”God is love” (4:8,16) predication order must be preserved — see 07 analysis |
| Father | πατήρ | باپت | Critical | 1:2-3; 2:1,13-16,22-24; 3:1; 4:14 | God’s Fatherhood grounds believers’ status as τέκνα θεοῦ (children of God) |
| Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | یِسوع | Critical | Throughout | Never عیسیٰ; consistent with baseline |
| Christ/Messiah | Χριστός | مسیح | Critical | 1:3; 2:1,22; 3:23; 4:2-3,15; 5:1,6,20 | Shared Quranic title; content must be taught, not assumed |
| Son of God | υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ | خُدایہ ہند پُتر | Critical | 1:3,7; 3:8,23; 4:9-10,14-15; 5:5,9-13,20 | Base for new compound خُدایہ ہند اکہ اکلو پُتر (only Son, 4:9) |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | پاک روح | Critical | 3:24; 4:2,6,13; 5:6-8 | Render in full even where Greek omits ἅγιον (4:13) |
| Incarnation | ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο | خُدا منش رُوپ منز آمت | Critical | Underlies 1:1-3; 4:2-3 (ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα) | 4:2-3’s confession formula is 1 John’s own incarnation test |
| Sin | ἁμαρτία | گناہ | High | 1:7-10; 2:2,12; 3:4-9; 4:10; 5:16-17 | 3:4 gives 1 John’s own definition (“sin is lawlessness”) |
| Fellowship | κοινωνία | رفاقت | Low | 1:3,6-7 | Order: fellowship with Father/Son grounds fellowship with one another |
| Salvation | σωτηρία (root, cf. σωτήρ) | نجات (root of نجات دِنہ وول) | Critical | 4:14 (σωτήρ) | See new term “Savior” below |
| Faith/believe | πίστις/πιστεύω | ایمان / ایمان آنٕن | High | 3:23; 4:1,16; 5:1,4-5,10,13 | Object always specified: belief that Jesus is the Christ/Son of God |
| David | — | داؤد | Low | not directly named, background only | — |
| Israel | — | اسرائیل | Medium | not directly named | — |
| Law | νόμος | شریعت | High | background to ἀνομία (3:4) | See new term “lawlessness” below |
| Prophet | προφήτης | پیغمبر | Medium | background to ψευδοπροφήτης (4:1) | See new term “false prophet” below |
| Election/calling family | κλητός/κλῆσις | سَدہ گیہ / سَدنُک | High | not directly used in 1 John | Retained for cross-document consistency only |
B. New Terms Required for 1 John (Not in Baseline Romans TM)
| English term | Greek / translit. | Proposed Kashmiri rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Alternatives rejected | Translation notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Love | ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω — agapē/agapaō | محبت (muhabbat) | Critical | God is Light and God is Love; Love for the Brethren | عشق/ishq (Sufi mystical love leading to fana, self-dissolution — never use as the primary term) | Central term of the whole book (4:7-21 esp.). Must be taught as relational, self-giving love between distinct persons, never collapsed into Sufi ishq’s fana-oriented self-dissolution or Trika’s pratyabhijna (self-recognition of pre-existing identity with the divine). “God is love” (4:8,16) predicate order must not be reversed. |
| Born of God / new birth | γεννάω — gennaō | خُدا ہٕنٛز پیدائش (Khudā hentz paidā’ish) | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | (no single existing Kashmiri Christian term identified; descriptive compound required, following baseline precedent for adoption/incarnation) | Must be kept sharply distinct from μονογενής (Christ’s unique divine begetting). No parallel in Islamic soteriology (no regeneration category); distinct from Trika’s “awakening” (recognition of an already-present nature, not a new begetting). |
| Only begotten / one-and-only Son | μονογενής — monogenēs | خُدایہ ہند اکہ اکلو پُتر (Khudāya hind ekh aklo putr) | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ (extension) | وحید (waḥīd — risks confusion with Al-Wahid, a divine name/attribute for God’s oneness) | Built on baseline son_of_god. Must be visibly distinguished in teaching from believers’ γεννάω/“born of God” status in the same lesson. |
| Light (of God) | φῶς — phōs | نُور (nūr) | Critical | God is Light and God is Love | — (no viable substitute; must be retaught, not replaced) | Collides with An-Nur (a divine name in Islam) and Sufi Nur Muhammadi, and with Trika’s prakāśa (self-luminous consciousness). Must be taught with its specific ethical entailment (moral purity, confession) made explicit, not assumed. |
| Darkness | σκότος — skotos | تارٕکای (tārikāy) | High | God is Light | — | Must retain moral-ethical sense (sin, falsehood), not merely privative ignorance. |
| Propitiation | ἱλασμός — hilasmos | کفارہ (kaffāra, redefined) or descriptive گناہن خٲطرہ قربٲنی | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | (کفارہ used only with explicit redefinition, never assumed to carry its Islamic legal sense by default) | Islamic kaffāra is a human-performed, repeatable expiatory duty; ἱλασμός is God’s own once-for-all, substitutionary gift through the Son. Must be taught explicitly against this default. |
| Advocate (Paraclete) | παράκλητος — paraklētos | وکیل (vakīl), descriptive: مسیح ہمُک وکیل | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; Assurance of Salvation | شفاعت-framed substitute (never present it as equivalent to a prophet’s/wali’s shafa’at) | Must be distinguished from Al-Wakil (a divine name/attribute) and from shafa’at (a prophet’s/Sufi saint’s authorized mediating intercession, already flagged in baseline’s intercession entry). Christ’s advocacy is grounded in his own righteousness and finished atoning work. |
| Antichrist | ἀντίχριστος — antichristos | ضدِ مسیح (zid-i-Masīḥ) | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | دجّال/Dajjal (never substitute directly — imports a different, single-individual apocalyptic narrative) | Engage the well-known Dajjal expectation explicitly as point of comparison/contrast, but do not borrow the term itself: 1 John’s antichrist is already present and plural, identified by doctrinal denial of the incarnation/Sonship. |
| Anointing | χρίσμα — chrisma | پاک روحُک مسح (pāk rūḥuk mas’h) | High | Testing the Spirits; Assurance of Salvation | خرقہ/khirqa-style hierarchical transmission language (never imply a mediating human lineage) | Distinguish from Sufi khirqa/bay’at transmission of spiritual authority through a Pir; this anointing belongs to all believers directly. |
| World (negative/system sense) | κόσμος — kosmos | دُنیا (dunyā) | Critical | Overcoming the World | — (retain دُنیا but redefine per context) | Point of contact with Islamic dunyā/ākhirah dichotomy, but 1 John’s κόσμος is a moral-spiritual system under the evil one’s dominion, not merely “temporal life.” Track the separate positive/universal sense (2:2; 4:14) distinctly. |
| Overcome / victory | νικάω / νίκη — nikaō/nikē | غالب اسُن (ghālib asun) / غلبہ (ghalaba) | Critical | Overcoming the World | — | Note overlap with Al-Ghalib (divine name); victory in 1 John comes through faith in Christ and new birth, not jihad, effort, or merit. |
| Abide / remain | μένω — menō | قایم رٕہُن (qāyam rehun) | Critical | Fellowship with God and One Another; Assurance of Salvation | — (no substitute; must be retaught at every occurrence) | The single greatest overlap-and-departure point with Kashmir Shaivism’s non-dual “already-united” framework. God and believer remain fully distinct persons even while mutually indwelling, mediated by the distinct Person of the Spirit. |
| Children of God | τέκνα θεοῦ — tekna theou | خُدایُک اولاد (Khudāyuk aulad) | High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | — | Complementary to, not a replacement for, baseline’s legal-adoption term; stresses new-birth family membership specifically. |
| God’s seed | σπέρμα (αὐτοῦ) — sperma | خُدایُک تُخم (Khudāyuk tukham) | Critical | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | — | Must not be confused with Trika’s already-present latent divinity, nor reincarnation-adjacent “seed” concepts. |
| Lawlessness | ἀνομία — anomia | بے شریعتی (bē-sharī’atī) | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | — (used cautiously, always with definitional gloss) | Risk of narrowing to Sharia-code violation specifically; 3:4 is a general definition of sin’s essence as rebellion against God. |
| Eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος — zōē aiōnios | ہمیشہ ہنٛز زندگی (hamesha hentz zindagī) | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | جنت/Jannah (never a stand-alone gloss); موکش/pratyabhijna-style liberation (never substitute) | Present possession through relationship with the Son (5:11-12), not solely future paradise reward nor philosophical self-realization. |
| True/real (God) | ἀληθινός — alēthinos | حقیقی خُدا (haqīqī Khudā) | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist (deity of Christ) | — | Direct deity-of-Christ assertion (5:20); same flashpoint as baseline deity_of_christ/son_of_god; teach plainly. |
| Water and blood | ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα — hydōr kai haima | پؠوہٕ تہٕ لہُو (pyoh ta lahū) | Critical | The Incarnation and Antichrist | — | Refutes docetic-style denial that Christ truly suffered/died; direct reinforcement of baseline’s crucifixion/resurrection caution (Quran 4:157). |
| Sin unto death | ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον | مَرنہٕ خٲطرہ گناہ (maran’i khātrē gunāh) | High | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | کبیرہ/صغیرہ (kabira/saghira, Islamic major/minor sin categories — never equate) | Genuinely difficult crux; not a severity-grading scale; teach cautiously, non-dogmatically. |
| Testing the spirits | δοκιμάζω (τὰ πνεύματα) | پرکھ کرُن (پاک) روحن (parakh karun) | High | Testing the Spirits | — | Criterion is doctrinal/confessional (4:2-3), not subjective spiritual experience (contrast Sufi kashf, Trika’s pratyabhijna experience). |
| False prophet | ψευδοπροφήτης | جھوٹھ پیغمبر (jhūṭh paighambar) | Medium-High | Testing the Spirits | — | Built on baseline prophet; failure of the Christological confession test (4:2-3), not a supersessionist framing. |
| Confess | ὁμολογέω — homologeō | اقرار کرُن (iqrār karun) | Critical | Confession and Forgiveness of Sin; The Incarnation and Antichrist | — | Context-sensitive: confess SIN (1:9) vs. confess CHRIST’S IDENTITY (2:23; 4:2-3,15) — two distinct senses, never flatten. Shares structure with the Islamic Shahada; object confessed differs sharply. |
| Perfected / made complete | τελειόω / τέλειος — teleioō/teleios | پُوری کرنہ آمت / پُوری محبت | High | Fellowship with God; Assurance of Salvation | — (never gloss as flawless sinlessness) | Love reaching mature, intended expression — not moral perfectionism; risk of conflation with Islamic/Sufi disciplined-perfection ideals (ihsan) or Trika’s complete recognition. |
| Confidence/boldness | παρρησία — parrēsia | دلیری (dilērī) | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | — | Confidence at the day of judgment grounded in Christ’s finished work and present love-likeness, not a still-uncertain deeds-weighing verdict. |
| Day of judgment | κρίσις — krisis (ἡ ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως) | عدالتُک ڈۄہ (adālatuk doh) / borrowed قیامت | High | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | — | قیامت is a rich, familiar Islamic eschatological category (deeds-scale, bridge, intercession); genuine point of contact but content must be redefined around Christ’s finished work. |
| Brother | ἀδελφός — adelphos | برادر (barādar) | Medium-High | Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | — | Point of contact with pan-Islamic ummah brotherhood; must clarify 1 John’s specific referent is fellow members of Christ’s body. |
| Advocate/Savior | σωτήρ — sōtēr | نجات دِنہ وول (najāt dinah wol) | Critical | Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | — | Built on baseline salvation (نجات); inherits its full Critical risk profile; “of the world” scope (4:14) must remain unqualified. |
| Idols | εἴδωλα — eidōla | بُت (but) | Medium-High | Overcoming the World | — | Genuine point of contact with Islamic anti-shirk teaching and Trika’s own iconoclastic strand; may extend beyond literal images to any false substitute for the true Son (5:20-21). |
C. Terms of Lower Doctrinal Weight (Medium/Low — Automated or Native-Speaker Review Sufficient)
| English term | Greek | Kashmiri rendering | Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Beginning | ἀρχή | آغاز (āghāz) | Medium-High | Ties to eternal preexistence of the Word |
| Word of life | λόγος τῆς ζωῆς | زندگیہ ہنٛز کلام (zindagyah hentz kalām) | High | Narrative opening of the incarnation doctrine |
| Manifest/reveal | φανερόω | ظاہر کرُن (zāhir karun) | High | Historical, public disclosure, not private mystical vision |
| Walk (ethical) | περιπατέω | زِندگی گزارُن (zindagī guzārun) | Medium | Standard ethical-walk metaphor |
| Lie/falsehood | ψεῦδος/ψεύδομαι | جھوٹھ (jhūṭh) | Medium | |
| Liar | ψεύστης | جھوٹھ گو (jhūṭh go) | Medium-High | Doctrinally load-bearing at 4:20 |
| Blood of Jesus | αἷμα (Ἰησοῦ) | یِسوعُک لَہُو (Yisū’uk lahū) | Critical | Presupposes real crucifixion; ties to baseline resurrection caution |
| Cleanse | καθαρίζω | پاک کرُن (pāk karun) | High | Use پاک root, NOT صاف (reserved for ritual cleanliness) |
| Forgive | ἀφίημι | معافی دِنہ (mu’āfī dinah) | Medium-High | Distinct pastoral category from Romans’ forensic justification |
| Righteous (adj.) | δίκαιος | راستباز (rāstbāz) | Medium | Adjectival form of baseline راستبازی root |
| Faithful | πιστός | وفادار (wafādār) | Low-Medium | |
| Keep (commandments) | τηρέω | نگاہ رکھُن (nigāh rakhun) | Medium-High | Evidence, not basis, of relationship with God |
| Commandment | ἐντολή | حکم (hukum) | Medium-High | Distinguish from comprehensive Sharia-style code |
| Stumbling block | σκάνδαλον | ٹھوکر (ṭhokar) | Low-Medium | |
| Lust of flesh/eyes, pride of life | ἐπιθυμία…, ἀλαζονεία… | جسمانی خواہش، اَکھن ہٕنٛز خواہش، زندگیہ ہنٛز غرور | Medium | Standard ethical triad |
| Last hour | ἐσχάτη ὥρα | پِچھلی گَھڑی (pichhli ghaṛī) | Medium | Loose parallel to Islamic “signs of the Hour” |
| Coming/appearing (parousia) | παρουσία | آمدن (āmadan) | High | Distinguish from Isa’s subordinate role in Islamic end-times narrative |
| We shall be like him | ὅμοιος αὐτῷ ἐσόμεθα | تِمہٕ ہمنٛد بنُن (tim’ha hamand banun) | High | Future/relational, not present ontological identity (contrast Trika) |
| Purify | ἁγνίζω | پاک بنٲوُن (pāk banāwun) | Medium | Motivated by hope, not earning it |
| Devil | διάβολος | ابلیس / شیطان (Iblīs/Shaitān) | Medium | Origin details differ from Islamic Iblis account |
| Cain (proper name) | Κάϊν | کاین (Kā’īn) | Medium | Use biblical form, not Quranic قابیل |
| Lay down one’s life | τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν | جان قربان کرُن (jān qurbān karun) | High | Presupposes literal crucifixion |
| Compassion | σπλάγχνα | رحم (raḥm) | Medium | Distinct usage from cautious رحم-as-گریس-synonym in baseline |
| Heart | καρδία | دِل (dil) | Medium | Seat of conscience; shared category with Sufi qalb |
| Condemn | καταγινώσκω | الزام لگٲوُن (ilzām lagāwun) | Medium | |
| Request/petition | αἴτημα | درخواست (darkhwāst) | Low | |
| Understanding | διάνοια | سمجھ (samajh) | Low-Medium | |
| Testimony/witness | μαρτυρία/μαρτυρέω | گواہی (gawāhī) / گواہی دِنہ | High | Shares confessional structure with Islamic Shahada; content differs |
| Punishment | κόλασις | سزا (sazā) | Low-Medium | |
| Fear | φόβος | خوف (khauf) | Medium | Distinguish punitive dread (4:18) from reverential taqwa-adjacent fear |
D. Cross-Reference to Doctrine Categories (for Step 2/Doctrine Risk Registry Alignment)
| Curriculum Doctrine | Primary new terms from this glossary |
|---|---|
| God is Light and God is Love | نُور (light), محبت (love), تارٕکای (darkness) |
| Fellowship with God and One Another | رفاقت (reused), قایم رٕہُن (abide), خوشی (joy) |
| Confession and Forgiveness of Sin | اقرار کرُن (confess), معافی دِنہ (forgive), پاک کرُن (cleanse), کفارہ (propitiation), وکیل (advocate) |
| Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth | محبت (love), خُدا ہٕنٛز پیدائش (born of God), خُدایُک اولاد (children of God), خُدایُک تُخم (God’s seed), برادر (brother), جھوٹھ گو (liar) |
| The Incarnation and Antichrist | خُدا منش رُوپ منز آمت (reused, incarnation confession), ضدِ مسیح (antichrist), پؠوہٕ تہٕ لہُو (water and blood), حقیقی خُدا (true God), خُدایہ ہند اکہ اکلو پُتر (only Son) |
| Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life | ہمیشہ ہنٛز زندگی (eternal life), دلیری (confidence), عدالتُک ڈۄہ/قیامت (day of judgment), نجات دِنہ وول (Savior) |
| Overcoming the World | دُنیا (world), غالب اسُن (overcome), بُت (idols) |
| Testing the Spirits | پرکھ کرُن (test), جھوٹھ پیغمبر (false prophet), پاک روحُک مسح (anointing) |
End of glossary. All new terms above must be added to translation_memory.json before Phase 2 segment translation begins, per the Pre-flight Checklist in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Father
Approved rendering: باپت
Transliteration: bāpath
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] God as personal Father; a term requiring care in a Muslim-majority context where ‘Father’ as a divine name is unfamiliar. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: grounds believers’ status as τέκνα θεοῦ/خُدایُک اولاد (3:1) and frames the Father-Son relationship denied by antichrist teaching (2:22-24).
Jesus
Approved rendering: یِسوع
Transliteration: Yisū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ (the Quranic Arabic/Perso-Arabic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] یِسوع follows existing Kashmiri/regional Urdu Christian Bible-translation convention; never عیسیٰ. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: consistently the subject of the confession tested throughout the letter (2:22; 4:2-3,15; 5:1,5).
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masīḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] مسیح is shared Quranic vocabulary (al-Masih) but mainstream Islamic theology denies Christ’s divinity, atoning death, and resurrection while using the same title. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: 1 John’s own antichrist test turns explicitly on confessing ‘Jesus is the Christ’ (2:22).
Son Of God
Approved rendering: خُدایہ ہند پُتر
Transliteration: Khudāya hind putr
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: نبی (a great prophet, an explicit downgrade, rejected)
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Full phrase required; direct flashpoint for Quran 112’s denial that God begets or is begotten. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: occurs repeatedly as the confessional test-object of true vs. false spirits (4:15; 5:5,10,12-13,20); base for the new compound خُدایہ ہند اکہ اکلو پُتر (only Son, 4:9).
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: پاک روح
Transliteration: pāk rūḥ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: روح القدس (Ruh al-Qudus, identified by mainstream Islamic exegesis with the angel Gabriel; never use interchangeably without explicit distinction)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον / τὸ πνεῦμα αὐτοῦ
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Must always be used in full. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: rendered in full even at 4:13 where the Greek clause itself omits the adjective ἅγιον, since it is unmistakably the same divine Person named in full elsewhere (3:24; 4:2); also the criterion behind ‘testing the spirits’ (4:1-6), which tests teaching content, not the Spirit’s own personal identity.
Incarnation
Approved rendering: خُدا منش رُوپ منز آمت
Transliteration: Khudā manūsh rūp manz āmat
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: اوتار (avatar, never use)
Original: ἐν σαρκὶ ἐληλυθότα (4:2-3); cf. ὁ λόγος σὰρξ ἐγένετο
Category: Christology
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Descriptive compound; in mainstream Islamic theology God taking human form is shirk; in Kashmir Shaivism must not be conflated with Shiva’s impersonal spanda self-manifestation. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: applied specifically to 1 John’s own confession formula ‘Jesus Christ come in the flesh’ (4:2) — 1 John’s own antichrist test (4:3) — and underlies the letter’s foundational eyewitness claim (1:1-3, ‘heard, seen, looked upon, touched’).
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: najāt
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: جنت (paradise as a destination, never a stand-alone gloss), موکش (moksha-style liberation, never use), پرتیبھِجنا (pratyabhijna, never use)
Original: σωτηρία (root; cf. σωτήρ, σῴζω)
Category: Salvation
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Root term retained beneath the new compound نجات دِنہ وول (Savior, 4:14). Must not collapse into mainstream Islamic deeds-weighing entry to paradise, nor Trika’s pratyabhijna self-recognition.
Love
Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: muhabbat
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Rejected alternatives: عشق/ishq (Sufi mystical love oriented toward fana, self-annihilation/dissolution into the Beloved, collapsing the God-creature distinction agapē presupposes; never use as the primary term)
Original: ἀγάπη / ἀγαπάω
Category: God
Central term of 4:7-21 and the whole letter. CRITICAL, two distinct wrong frames: (1) Rishi Sufi devotional ishq collapses the lover/Beloved distinction via fana; (2) Kashmir Shaivism frames love/devotion as pratyabhijna, recognition of pre-existing identity with Shiva-consciousness, again collapsing self and other. 1 John’s love is triadic and relational: a distinct Father loving a distinct Son sent to distinct sinners who are indwelt without ever being absorbed. Must be taught explicitly at every recurrence in 4:7-21, not only at first use.
Born Of God
Approved rendering: خُدا ہٕنٛز پیدائش
Transliteration: Khudā hentz paidā’ish
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: γεννάω (perfect passive γεγέννηται)
Category: Sanctification
No single existing Kashmiri Christian term identified; descriptive compound required, following baseline precedent for adoption/incarnation. Must be kept sharply distinct from μονογενής/only_begotten_son (Christ’s unique, non-analogous divine begetting). No parallel in mainstream Islamic soteriology (no regeneration category); distinct from Kashmir Shaivism’s ‘awakening’ (recognition of an already-present nature, not a new begetting bestowing a nature not previously possessed). Occurs 2:29; 3:9; 4:7; 5:1,4,18.
Only Begotten Son
Approved rendering: خُدایہ ہند اکہ اکلو پُتر
Transliteration: Khudāya hind ekh aklo putr
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: وحید/waḥīd (risks confusion with Al-Wahid, a divine name/attribute for God’s oneness rather than sonship-uniqueness)
Original: υἱὸς…μονογενής
Category: Christology
Built on خُدایہ ہند پُتر. Same flashpoint as Quran 112. Must be visibly distinguished in the same lesson (4:7-9) from believers’ own ‘born of God’ status so learners do not flatten Christ’s unique eternal Sonship into their own adoptive/regenerative new birth.
Light
Approved rendering: نُور
Transliteration: nūr
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: φῶς
Category: God
No viable substitute; must be retaught, not replaced. Collides with An-Nur (Quran 24:35, one of the 99 divine names) and Sufi Nur Muhammadi, and with Kashmir Shaivism’s prakāśa (self-luminous consciousness paired with vimarśa). Must always carry its specific ethical entailment (moral purity excluding all sin/falsehood, requiring confession, 1:6-10) explicitly, never left as a bare metaphysical predicate.
Propitiation
Approved rendering: کفارہ (redefined) / گناہن خٲطرہ قربٲنی
Transliteration: kaffāra / gunāhan khātrē qurbānī
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἱλασμός
Category: Salvation
کفارہ, drawn from mainstream Islamic legal-theological vocabulary, denotes a human-performed, REPEATABLE expiatory act (fasting, feeding the poor, historically manumission) undertaken BY the sinner for a broken vow — categorically the wrong direction from ἱλασμός (God’s own once-for-all, substitutionary gift). Prefer the fully descriptive گناہن خٲطرہ قربٲنی in running teaching text; کفارہ may appear only with a mandatory redefinition footnote at first occurrence, never left unglossed. No parallel category exists in Kashmir Shaivism’s non-dualist framework. Occurs 2:2; 4:10.
Advocate
Approved rendering: مسیح ہمُک وکیل
Transliteration: Masīḥ hamuk vakīl
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: bare وکیل without the compound (risks collapse into Al-Wakil, a divine name/attribute, or into shafa’at, a prophet’s/wali’s mediating intercession)
Original: παράκλητος
Category: Christology
Must never be abbreviated to bare وکیل. Christ’s advocacy in 2:1-2 rests on his own finished righteousness and atoning work, not a created intermediary’s borrowed status or a saint’s earned merit. See baseline intercession entry for the parallel shafa’at caution.
Antichrist
Approved rendering: ضدِ مسیح
Transliteration: zid-i-Masīḥ
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Rejected alternatives: دجّال/Dajjal (never substitute directly — imports a different, single-future-individual apocalyptic narrative)
Original: ἀντίχριστος
Category: Eschatology
Kashmiri Muslim readers will almost certainly map this onto Dajjal. 1 John’s ἀντίχριστος is explicitly already-present and plural (2:18), identified by a specific doctrinal test (denial of the Father-Son relationship and the incarnation, 2:22-23; 4:2-3) rather than by miraculous deception or a single future apocalyptic figure. Engage Dajjal explicitly as a point of comparison/contrast; never borrow the term itself.
World
Approved rendering: دُنیا
Transliteration: dunyā
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: κόσμος
Category: Eschatology
دُنیا is deeply embedded in the Islamic dunyā/ākhirah dichotomy — genuine point of contact — but 1 John’s negative-sense κόσμος (2:15-17; 4:1-5; 5:19) names a moral-spiritual system under the evil one’s dominion, not merely temporal life renounced for a future reward. Must track the separate positive/universal sense (2:2; 4:9,14, ‘God so loved the world’/‘Savior of the world’) distinctly so learners do not import a uniformly negative reading into every occurrence.
Overcome
Approved rendering: غالب اسُن / غلبہ
Transliteration: ghālib asun / ghalaba
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: νικάω / νίκη
Category: Eschatology
غالب overlaps with Al-Ghalib, a divine name/attribute (The Predominant/Victorious). Must be taught carefully: victory over the world’s system comes through faith that Jesus is the Son of God and being born of God (5:4-5), not through jihad in any sense, moral striving, or self-effort. Occurs 2:13-14; 4:4; 5:4-5.
Abide
Approved rendering: قایم رٕہُن
Transliteration: qāyam rehun
Doctrine: Fellowship with God and One Another
Original: μένω
Category: Sanctification
The single greatest overlap-and-departure point with Kashmir Shaivism’s non-dual framework, whose entire soteriology rests on recognizing an already-existing identity between self and Shiva-consciousness — no real ontological distinction ever existed to begin with. 1 John’s μένω describes an actual relational, communion-based indwelling between two distinct persons: God remains fully other/distinct even while indwelling the believer, mediated by the distinct Person of the Holy Spirit (4:13), not a recognition of pre-existing identity. Must be taught explicitly at EVERY occurrence (2:6,24,27,28; 3:6,24; 4:12,13,15,16 twice), not only at first use.
Gods Seed
Approved rendering: خُدایُک تُخم
Transliteration: Khudāyuk tukham
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: σπέρμα (αὐτοῦ)
Category: Sanctification
Must not be confused with Kashmir Shaivism’s teaching that divine nature/consciousness is already inherently present in every being needing only recognition (pratyabhijna), nor with reincarnation-adjacent ‘seed’ concepts familiar from wider Indian religious vocabulary. Occurs 3:9.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: ہمیشہ ہنٛز زندگی
Transliteration: hamesha hentz zindagī
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Rejected alternatives: جنت/Jannah (never a stand-alone gloss), موکش/pratyabhijna-style liberation (never substitute)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
Must be distinguished from Jannah as a future place/garden reward contingent on a deeds-weighing verdict, and from Trika’s liberation as recognition of one’s own eternal Shiva-consciousness already present. 1 John insists eternal life is received NOW through relationship with the Son (5:11-13,20), not solely a future reward nor a philosophical self-realization.
True God
Approved rendering: حقیقی خُدا
Transliteration: haqīqī Khudā
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἀληθινός (ὁ ἀληθινὸς θεός)
Category: Christology
Same flashpoint as baseline deity_of_christ/son_of_god. 5:20’s direct affirmation (‘he is the true God and eternal life’) must be taught plainly, addressing Tawhid objections directly rather than softening to ‘a true representative sent from God.‘
Water And Blood
Approved rendering: پؠوہٕ تہٕ لہُو
Transliteration: pyoh ta lahū
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ὕδωρ καὶ αἷμα
Category: Christology
Refutes an early docetic-type claim that ‘the Christ’ descended on Jesus at baptism and departed before the cross, insisting his suffering and death were fully real. Directly parallels and must be taught alongside the widespread mainstream Sunni teaching (Quran 4:157) that Jesus was not actually crucified. Textual note: the expanded ‘three witnesses in heaven’ wording (Johannine Comma) found in some later manuscripts is absent from the earliest Greek text; treat as a textual-critical footnote, not a doctrinal risk. Occurs 5:6-8.
Confess
Approved rendering: اقرار کرُن
Transliteration: iqrār karun
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ὁμολογέω
Category: Faith
Context-sensitive across two senses never to be flattened together: confessing SIN (1:9, humble acknowledgment of guilt leading to forgiveness/cleansing) versus confessing CHRIST’S IDENTITY (2:23; 4:2-3,15, a public doctrinal declaration functioning as the litmus test distinguishing true from false spirits/teachers). Shares confessional structure with the Islamic Shahada (iqrar bil-lisan + tasdiq bil-qalb) — genuine point of contact in structure, but the object confessed (Jesus as the Son of God) directly contradicts Tawhid and must be taught plainly, never softened.
Savior
Approved rendering: نجات دِنہ وول
Transliteration: najāt dinah wol
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Salvation
Built on the baseline نجات root; inherits its full Critical risk profile. The ‘of the world’ unqualified universal scope (4:14) must be retained without narrowing, per the baseline’s universal_scope_of_gospel doctrine.
Blood Of Jesus
Approved rendering: یِسوعُک لَہُو
Transliteration: Yisū’uk lahū
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: αἷμα (Ἰησοῦ)
Category: Salvation
Presupposes the real historical crucifixion; directly reinforces the baseline’s resurrection_of_christ Critical risk note regarding mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157’s denial that the crucifixion truly happened. Must be stated as historical fact, not left ambiguous. Occurs 1:7.
High Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: خُدا
Transliteration: Khudā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] خُدا (a Persian-derived term) is the universal term for God across both Muslim and Christian Kashmiri speakers. For Kashmiri Pandit readers, خُدا may read as less immediately resonant than بھگوان or ایشور, introduced as glosses only, never replacements. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: load-bearing for the anarthrous predications ‘God is light’ (1:5) and ‘God is love’ (4:8,16) — subject-predicate word order (God is the subject; light/love the predicate describing his nature) must be preserved so the statement is not reheard as an impersonal ultimate-consciousness claim by a Kashmir Shaivism-shaped reader.
Sin
Approved rendering: گناہ
Transliteration: gunāh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Well-established shared Arabic/Persian-derived term. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: 1 John supplies its own definition at 3:4 (‘sin is lawlessness’) and addresses ongoing confession/forgiveness of sin in already-believing readers (1:7-2:2), a distinct pastoral question from Romans’ forensic justification.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: یقین (certainty/conviction, too intellectual/impersonal alone)
Original: πίστις / πιστεύω
Category: Faith
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Object of faith must always be made explicit. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: 1 John repeatedly specifies the object precisely — belief ‘that Jesus is the Christ’ (5:1) and ‘that Jesus is the Son of God’ (5:5,13) — guarding against the Islamic default of iman as confessional submission to a system rather than trust in a specific atoning mediator; also the specific instrument of ‘overcoming the world’ (5:4-5).
Law
Approved rendering: شریعت
Transliteration: sharī’at
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος (background to ἀνομία, 3:4)
Category: Covenant
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Standard term for the Mosaic Law/law generally. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: background term informing the new compound بے شریعتی (lawlessness, 3:4); care is needed that 3:4’s general definition of sin is not narrowed to a statement about Sharia-code violation specifically.
Called
Approved rendering: سَدہ گیہ
Transliteration: sada gyi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: دعوت دِنہ (invited, too weak)
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Retained for cross-document consistency; 1 John does not use this exact term with high frequency but shares the underlying doctrine of God’s sovereign initiative reflected in born_of_god and gods_love_demonstrated_in_the_son.
Calling
Approved rendering: سَدنُک
Transliteration: sadanuk
Doctrine: Divine Calling
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Retained for cross-document consistency across the pipeline’s Johannine and Pauline curricula.
Darkness
Approved rendering: تارٕکای
Transliteration: tārikāy
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: σκότος
Category: Sin
Must retain the moral-ethical sense (unconfessed sin, broken fellowship, hatred of brother) rather than a merely privative sense of ignorance or absence of information, which could otherwise map onto generic ‘ignorance before revelation’ categories familiar from regional religious discourse. Occurs 1:5-7; 2:8-11.
Anointing
Approved rendering: پاک روحُک مسح
Transliteration: pāk rūḥuk mas’h
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Rejected alternatives: خرقہ/khirqa-style hierarchical transmission language (never imply a mediating human lineage)
Original: χρίσμα
Category: God
Must be distinguished from the Sufi khirqa/bay’at practice of hierarchical spiritual authority transmitted from a Pir/murshid to a disciple within an order’s lineage — highly salient given the prominence of the Rishi Sufi order in Kashmiri religious life. This anointing belongs to ALL believers directly from God (2:20,27), without human mediating lineage.
Children Of God
Approved rendering: خُدایُک اولاد
Transliteration: Khudāyuk aulad
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τέκνα θεοῦ
Category: Sanctification
Complementary to, not a replacement for, the baseline’s legal-adoption term (خدا ہند فرزند بنٲوُن). 1 John’s τέκνα language stresses literal new-birth family membership (γεννάω, 3:1-2,10) rather than the forensic-legal adoption emphasis of Romans 8; both must be taught as true and complementary categories.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: بے شریعتی
Transliteration: bē-sharī’atī
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
Risks narrowing to violation of the Islamic Sharia code specifically. 3:4 gives a general theological definition of sin’s essence as rebellion against God’s revealed will as such, not a statement about Mosaic or Sharia legal-code violation in particular. Use only with a definitional gloss.
Sin Unto Death
Approved rendering: مَرنہٕ خٲطرہ گناہ
Transliteration: maran’i khātrē gunāh
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: کبیرہ/صغیرہ (kabira/saghira, Islamic major/minor sin categories — never equate)
Original: ἁμαρτία πρὸς θάνατον
Category: Sin
Genuinely difficult pastoral crux; not a severity-grading scale but tied to settled, unrepentant unbelief/apostasy in this letter’s polemical context. Must avoid importing the kabira/saghira framework wholesale. Occurs 5:16-17.
Testing The Spirits
Approved rendering: پرکھ کرُن
Transliteration: parakh karun
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: δοκιμάζω (τὰ πνεύματα)
Category: Faith
The discernment criterion (4:2-3) is strictly doctrinal/confessional — whether a teaching affirms or denies Christ’s incarnation — not a subjective spiritual-experience criterion. Must be taught against two live alternative validation models: Sufi ecstatic/visionary experience (sama, dhikr, kashf/unveiling) and Trika’s self-validating inward recognition (pratyabhijna).
False Prophet
Approved rendering: جھوٹھ پیغمبر
Transliteration: jhūṭh paighambar
Doctrine: Testing the Spirits
Original: ψευδοπροφήτης
Category: Faith
Built on پیغمبر, negated. Failure of the specific Christological confession test (4:2-3), not a supersessionist framing about revealed-book sequence familiar from Islamic prophetology. Occurs 4:1.
Perfected
Approved rendering: پُوری کرنہ آمت / پُوری محبت
Transliteration: pūrī karan’i āmat / pūrī muhabbat
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: τελειόω / τέλειος
Category: Sanctification
Risk of being heard as moral perfectionism/flawlessness — a live concern given disciplined religious traditions emphasizing meticulous performance (Islamic legal observance; Sufi ihsan; Trika’s disciplined path toward complete recognition). Must be taught as love reaching its intended maturity of expression through obedience and mutual love (2:5; 4:12,17-18), not achieving moral flawlessness.
Confidence
Approved rendering: دلیری
Transliteration: dilērī
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρρησία
Category: Faith
Confidence at the day of judgment (4:17) and at Christ’s coming (2:28) grounded in Christ’s finished atoning work and present Spirit-given love-likeness to him now, not a still-uncertain deeds-weighing outcome — reinforces the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation doctrine.
Day Of Judgment
Approved rendering: عدالتُک ڈۄہ (borrowed alternative, always redefined: قیامت)
Transliteration: adālatuk doh (qiyāmat)
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: ἡ ἡμέρα τῆς κρίσεως
Category: Eschatology
قیامت is a rich, familiar Islamic eschatological category (deeds-scale/mizan, the bridge/sirat, prophetic intercession) — genuine point of contact, but must state explicitly that the believer’s confidence at that day rests on Christ’s finished atoning work and Spirit-given love-likeness now (4:17), not a favorable outcome from an as-yet-uncertain deeds-weighing scale. عدالتُک ڈۄہ is the safer default in running text; قیامت permitted only with mandatory redefinition.
Brother
Approved rendering: برادر
Transliteration: barādar
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἀδελφός
Category: Church
Strong resonance with the pan-Islamic ummah concept of universal Muslim brotherhood — genuine point of contact for faith-based (not merely biological) brotherhood, but the curriculum must clarify 1 John’s ‘brother’ (3:10-18; 4:20-21) denotes fellow members of the body of Christ specifically, not the ummah category or generic human siblinghood.
Word Of Life
Approved rendering: زندگیہ ہنٛز کلام
Transliteration: zindagyah hentz kalām
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: λόγος τῆς ζωῆς
Category: Christology
John’s own narrative opening declaration of the incarnation: seen, heard, touched — historical and bodily, not a private vision. Reinforces the baseline’s incarnation caution against docetic-style softenings. Occurs 1:1.
Manifest
Approved rendering: ظاہر کرُن
Transliteration: zāhir karun
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: φανερόω
Category: Christology
Central recurring verb (1:2; 2:19,28; 3:2,5,8; 4:9) for the real, public self-disclosure of the eternal life/Son — must not be read as a private mystical kashf (Sufi unveiling) or a self-luminous consciousness event in Trika terms.
Liar
Approved rendering: جھوٹھ گو
Transliteration: jhūṭh go
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ψεύστης
Category: Sin
Applies the book’s confession/reality test to interpersonal love (4:20) and to false claims about sin (1:10) or Christ’s identity (2:22): false profession without corresponding reality is exposed as falsehood, not mere inconsistency.
Cleanse
Approved rendering: پاک کرُن
Transliteration: pāk karun
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Rejected alternatives: صاف (forbidden — reserved by baseline convention for ritual/physical cleanliness, e.g. wuzu)
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Salvation
Must be built on the پاک (holy/pure) root, NOT صاف. 1:7 and 1:9’s ‘cleansing from sin’ is moral and forensic, though Islamic devotional vocabulary’s own non-ritual purification category (tazkiyat an-nafs) is worth noting as a partial point of contact.
Forgive
Approved rendering: معافی دِنہ
Transliteration: mu’āfī dinah
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ἀφίημι
Category: Salvation
A related but distinct pastoral category from Romans’ forensic, once-for-all justification (راستباز ٹھہرایہ گیہ); this letter addresses those who already believe (5:13) and need ongoing cleansing/forgiveness for post-conversion sin. Occurs 1:9; 2:12.
Keep Commandments
Approved rendering: نگاہ رکھُن
Transliteration: nigāh rakhun
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τηρέω
Category: Sanctification
Recurs throughout (2:3-5,29; 3:22,24; 5:2-3,18) as fruit and evidence of an already-existing relationship with God — must guard against a deeds-weighing misreading familiar from mainstream Islamic soteriology, where obedience contributes to a favorable weighing before God.
Commandment
Approved rendering: حکم
Transliteration: hukum
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἐντολή
Category: Sanctification
Must be distinguished from a comprehensive Sharia-style legal code (already flagged by the baseline law/شریعت entry) — 1 John’s ‘commandment’ (2:3-8; 3:23; 4:21) is singular and summary, flowing from and expressing new-birth love, not an external system whose keeping is the basis of acceptance with God.
Parousia
Approved rendering: آمدن
Transliteration: āmadan
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: παρουσία
Category: Christology
Must be distinguished from Isa’s subordinate second-coming role within the Islamic Mahdi/Dajjal apocalyptic narrative sequence; 1 John’s parousia is Christ’s own return in glory as the exclusive divine Son. Occurs 2:28.
Future Likeness
Approved rendering: تِمہٕ ہمنٛد بنُن
Transliteration: tim’ha hamand banun
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ὅμοιος αὐτῷ ἐσόμεθα
Category: Sanctification
Must be distinguished from Kashmir Shaivism’s teaching that the self is already, in its true nature, identical with Shiva-consciousness (a present ontological identity merely to be recognized); 1 John describes a future, relational, progressively bestowed likeness, with Creator and creature remaining forever distinct even in glorified likeness. Occurs 3:2.
Lay Down Life
Approved rendering: جان قربان کرُن
Transliteration: jān qurbān karun
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: τίθημι τὴν ψυχήν
Category: Christology
Christ’s literal, historical, sacrificial death as the pattern for costly brotherly love (3:16); presupposes the real historical crucifixion, reinforcing the baseline’s caution regarding mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157.
Testimony
Approved rendering: گواہی / گواہی دِنہ
Transliteration: gawāhī / gawāhī dinah
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: μαρτυρία / μαρτυρέω
Category: Christology
Shares confessional structure with the Islamic Shahada (‘I bear witness that…’). Genuine point of contact in the general category of solemn testimony, but the content of John’s testimony (eyewitness testimony to the incarnate, crucified, Savior-of-the-world Son, 1:1-3; 4:14; 5:6-9) is categorically different and must be taught explicitly.
Medium Risk Terms
Prophet
Approved rendering: پیغمبر
Transliteration: paighambar
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης (background to ψευδοπροφήτης, 4:1)
Category: Covenant
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Standard, shared with Islamic usage. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: background term for the new compound جھوٹھ پیغمبر (false prophet, 4:1); the discernment test in 4:1-3 is specifically Christological, not about revealed-book sequence as in Islamic prophetology.
Israel
Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: Isrā’īl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Retained for cross-document consistency; not directly named in 1 John.
Intercession
Approved rendering: منٛزبولی
Transliteration: manzbolī
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: شفاعت (a Sufi saint’s mediating intercession at a shrine, or Muhammad’s eschatological intercession in mainstream Islamic theology, avoid as a substitute)
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Kept distinct from شفاعت. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: the essential background contrast term for advocate/paraklētos (2:1) — Christ’s ADVOCATE role (مسیح ہمُک وکیل) must be distinguished from this term’s own baseline caution against a prophet’s or wali’s authorized mediating shafa’at, since both risks point the same direction and reinforce each other.
Idols
Approved rendering: بُت
Transliteration: but
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: εἴδωλα
Category: Eschatology
Genuine point of contact with both Islamic anti-shirk teaching and Kashmir Shaivism’s own iconoclastic philosophical strand (ultimate reality as formless consciousness). Redirect this contact point toward fidelity to the true, personal, incarnate Son specifically, per 5:20’s immediately preceding deity-of-Christ statement, not toward either tradition’s own iconoclasm as an independent virtue. Occurs 5:21.
Beginning
Approved rendering: آغاز
Transliteration: āghāz
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἀρχή
Category: Christology
Ties to the eternal preexistence of the Word/Son (cf. John 1:1) at the letter’s very opening (1:1); should not be read as merely ‘the start of Jesus’ ministry’ without the eternal-preexistence background.
Walk
Approved rendering: زِندگی گزارُن
Transliteration: zindagī guzārun
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: περιπατέω
Category: Sanctification
Ethical-walk metaphor for consistent lifestyle, either in light or darkness (1:6-7) or as Christ walked (2:6); standard, low-ambiguity once light/darkness are correctly taught.
Lie
Approved rendering: جھوٹھ
Transliteration: jhūṭh
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: ψεῦδος / ψεύδομαι
Category: Sin
Claiming fellowship while walking in darkness is itself a lie (1:6; 2:4,21-22).
Righteous
Approved rendering: راستباز
Transliteration: rāstbāz
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: δίκαιος
Category: Christology
Adjectival form of the baseline راستبازی root; grounds both God’s reliable forgiving character (1:9) and Christ’s qualification to serve as Advocate as ‘the Righteous One’ (2:1).
Worldly Desires
Approved rendering: جسمانی خواہش، اَکھن ہٕنٛز خواہش، زندگیہ ہنٛز غرور
Transliteration: jismānī khwāhish, akhan hentz khwāhish, zindagyah hentz ghurūr
Doctrine: Overcoming the World
Original: ἐπιθυμία τῆς σαρκός / τῶν ὀφθαλμῶν, ἀλαζονεία τοῦ βίου
Category: Sin
Standard ethical triad describing the content of ‘the world’ believers must not love (2:16); teach alongside the world/kosmos negative-sense entry.
Last Hour
Approved rendering: پِچھلی گَھڑی
Transliteration: pichhli ghaṛī
Doctrine: The Incarnation and Antichrist
Original: ἐσχάτη ὥρα
Category: Eschatology
Loose point of contact with the Islamic ashrat as-sa’ah (signs of the Hour) framework, though not an identical system; John’s ‘last hour’ is marked specifically by the appearance of antichrists/false teaching, not cosmic signs. Occurs 2:18.
Purify
Approved rendering: پاک بنٲوُن
Transliteration: pāk banāwun
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: ἁγνίζω
Category: Sanctification
Built on the established پاک root, distinct from ritual صاف; self-purification motivated by future hope (3:3), not a means of earning it.
Devil
Approved rendering: ابلیس / شیطان
Transliteration: Iblīs / Shaitān
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: διάβολος
Category: Sin
Shares basic category with the Islamic Iblis/Shaitan figure, though origin details differ (jinn vs. fallen angel); genuine point of contact for the reality of a personal evil being. Occurs 3:8,10.
Cain
Approved rendering: کاین
Transliteration: Kā’īn
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Rejected alternatives: قابیل/Qabil (the later Islamic naming tradition; avoid — differing narrative details and emphasis)
Original: Κάϊν
Category: Sin
Use the biblical Genesis 4 form, not the Quranic tradition’s unnamed ‘two sons of Adam’ (Quran 5:27-31) or the later Qabil-Habil naming tradition — parallel to the baseline’s practice for David. Occurs 3:12.
Compassion
Approved rendering: رحم
Transliteration: raḥm
Doctrine: Love for the Brethren as Evidence of New Birth
Original: σπλάγχνα
Category: Church
Distinct usage from the cautious رحم-as-grace-adjacent-synonym flagged in the baseline; here it names ordinary human compassion in its own right, expressed concretely toward a brother in need (3:17).
Heart
Approved rendering: دِل
Transliteration: dil
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: καρδία
Category: Sanctification
A familiar category also in Sufi psychology (qalb, the spiritual heart as the seat of divine knowledge) — genuine point of contact, but 1 John’s usage (3:19-21) concerns conscience and assurance grounded in God’s greater knowledge, not a mystical organ of unveiling.
Condemn
Approved rendering: الزام لگٲوُن
Transliteration: ilzām lagāwun
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: καταγινώσκω
Category: Sanctification
Describes the heart’s self-accusation resolved by appeal to God’s greater knowledge and Christ’s finished work (3:20-21), not a deeds-weighing verdict.
Fear
Approved rendering: خوف
Transliteration: khauf
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: φόβος
Category: Eschatology
Should be distinguished in teaching from reverential ‘fear of God’ — a positive, cultivated devotional disposition central to mainstream Islamic taqwa piety and Sufi practice. 4:18 concerns specifically punitive dread being expelled by assurance of love, not a wholesale rejection of creaturely reverence toward God.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Shared participation in Christ. EXTENSION FOR 1 JOHN: 1:3’s specific theological order (fellowship with the Father and Son grounds fellowship with one another) must be preserved and not flattened into a generic social/communal reading familiar from mosque congregational life or Sufi tariqa fellowship.
David
Approved rendering: داؤد
Transliteration: Dā’ūd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
[INHERITED FROM ROMANS PACKAGE, copied exactly] Retained for cross-document consistency; not directly named in 1 John but forms the precedent for the biblical-form-over-Quranic-form convention applied to Cain (کاین, not قابیل) in this curriculum.
Faithful
Approved rendering: وفادار
Transliteration: wafādār
Doctrine: Confession and Forgiveness of Sin
Original: πιστός
Category: God
Describes God’s reliable, trustworthy character as the ground of confident confession (1:9).
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: ٹھوکر
Transliteration: ṭhokar
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: σκάνδαλον
Category: Sanctification
2:10, walking in light removes causes of stumbling for others; low ambiguity risk.
Request
Approved rendering: درخواست
Transliteration: darkhwāst
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: αἴτημα
Category: Faith
Confident prayer according to God’s will (5:15); low ambiguity risk.
Understanding
Approved rendering: سمجھ
Transliteration: samajh
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation and Eternal Life
Original: διάνοια
Category: Faith
Understanding/mind given by the Son (5:20); standard cognitive term, ensure the object (knowing the true God) is retained.
Punishment
Approved rendering: سزا
Transliteration: sazā
Doctrine: God is Light and God is Love
Original: κόλασις
Category: Eschatology
Retributive punishment; the specific object of the fear expelled by perfect love (4:18). Low ambiguity beyond ensuring it is understood as punitive dread specifically, not general suffering.
Referenced passages