Core Glossary

Core Glossary — Galatians

English → Kashmiri | Phase 1, Step 1 Deliverable

Curriculum: Galatians Core passage: Galatians 2:15–21 Authority: Extends the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Terms marked Reused carry the baseline rendering verbatim and unchanged. Terms marked New are proposed for formal addition to translation memory in Phase 1 Step 2, with risk tiers assigned using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json.

Script and register: Perso-Arabic (Nastaliq-derived) script throughout; formal modern Kashmiri; no Devanagari, Sharada, or Romanized output in final translations (transliterations below are for this analysis document only, per the same convention as the baseline package).

Table 1 — Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Translation Memory

#	English Term	Kashmiri Rendering	Transliteration	Risk (baseline)	Galatians Occurrences (chapter)	Notes for Galatians Context
1	Gospel	انجیل	Injīl	High	1, 2	Gospel-exclusivity (1:6–9) intensifies baseline risk; anathema pronounced on any substitute.
2	Grace	فضل	faz’l	Critical	1, 2, 5, 6	Frames the entire letter (1:3, 6; 2:21; 5:4; 6:18); “fallen from grace” (5:4) is a new high-stakes phrase built on this term.
3	Faith	ایمان	īmān	High	2, 3, 5	Object must remain Christ specifically; central to “hearing with faith” vs. “works of the law” contrast (ch. 3).
4	Righteousness	راستبازی	rāstbāzī	Critical	2, 3, 5	Central to 2:21’s climactic conditional argument.
5	Justification	راستباز ٹھہرایہ گیہ	rāstbāz ṭharāyi gyi	Critical	2, 3, 5	Triple-repeated in 2:16; must not vary wording across the three occurrences.
6	Salvation	نجات	najāt	Critical	(implicit throughout; ch. 5’s “kingdom of God” inheritance language)	No direct lexical occurrence but the underlying doctrine (5:21, 6:8 “eternal life”) is in view.
7	Apostle	رسول	rasūl	Critical	1, 2	Paul’s apostolic self-defense (1:1, 11–24) is the letter’s opening argument.
8	Called / Calling	سَدہ گیہ / سَدنُک	sada gyi / sadanuk	High	1, 5	1:6 (“called you in the grace of Christ”), 1:15, 5:8, 5:13.
9	Holy Spirit	پاک روح	pāk rūḥ	Critical	3, 4, 5, 6	Central to chs. 3–6 (receiving the Spirit, Spirit vs. flesh, walking by the Spirit, fruit of the Spirit, sowing to the Spirit).
10	Adoption	خدا ہند فرزند بنٲوُن	Khudā hind farzand banāwun	High	4	4:5, directly parallel to Romans 8.
11	Father / Abba	باپت / ابّا	bāpath / Abbā	Critical / High	4	4:6, verbatim parallel to Romans 8:15; render identically per cross-document consistency rule.
12	Lord	خُداوند	Khudāwand	Critical	throughout (greetings, closing)	1:3, 6:14, 6:18.
13	Son of God	خُدایہ ہند پُتر	Khudāya hind putr	Critical	1, 2, 4	1:16, 2:20, 4:4, 4:6.
14	Jesus	یِسوع	Yisū’	Critical	throughout	Consistent with baseline; never عیسیٰ.
15	Christ / Messiah	مسیح	Masīḥ	Critical	throughout	Central to “crucified with Christ” (2:20), “in Christ” language, “law of Christ” (6:2).
16	God	خُدا	Khudā	High	throughout	—
17	Law	شریعت	sharī’at	High	2, 3, 4, 5, 6	The letter’s central contested category; underlies “works of the law,” “curse of the law,” “law of Christ,” “guardian” metaphor.
18	Sin	گناہ	gunāh	High	1, 2, 3	1:4, 2:17, 3:22.
19	Gentiles	غیر-قوم	ghair-qaum	Medium	2, 3	2:2, 2:12, 2:14–15, 3:8, 3:14.
20	Covenant	عہد	’ahd	High	3, 4	3:15, 3:17, 4:24 (“two covenants” — contrast use, see Table 2).
21	Israel	اسرائیل	Isrā’īl	Medium	6	6:16, “the Israel of God.”
22	David	داؤد	Dā’ūd	Low	(not directly named; seed_of_david pattern reused for ch. 3’s “seed” argument)	Pattern reused, name itself not occurring in Galatians.
23	Imputed Righteousness	دِتمُت راستبازی	ditmut rāstbāzī	Critical	3	3:6, direct citation of Genesis 15:6, central proof-text.
24	Kingdom of God	خُدایُک بادشاہت	Khudāyuk bādshāhat	Medium	5	5:21, “will not inherit the kingdom of God.”
25	Fellowship	رفاقت	rifāqat	Low	2	2:9, “right hand of fellowship.”
26	Election	خُدایُک چُنٲوُن	Khudāyuk chunāwun	High	1	Underlies 1:15’s “set apart before I was born.”
27	Power of God	خُدایُک قوت	Khudāyuk quwwat	High	(implicit, ch. 3’s Spirit-reception)	Not directly lexicalized but the underlying reality (miracles among you, 3:5) is present.

Table 2 — New Terms Introduced by Galatians (Proposed for Translation Memory Addition)

#	English Term	Proposed Kashmiri Rendering	Transliteration	Proposed Risk	Doctrine Category	Key Passages	Grounded Risk Reason
1	Works of the Law	شریعتہ ہنٛز اعمال	sharī’ata hanz a’māl	Critical	Justification by Faith / Law and Grace	2:16 (×3), 3:2, 3:5, 3:10	Uses اعمال (a’māl), the standard Islamic term for religiously accountable deeds, deliberately creating a strong point of contact with — and direct refutation of — the deeds-weighing soteriology already flagged Critical in the baseline `salvation` entry. Must be taught as denying that any system of religious deed-performance, sharia-observance included by natural extension, can establish righteousness.
2	Crucified with Christ	مسیح سٕتی مصلوب کرنہٕ آمُت	Masīḥ sati maslūb karnah āmut	Critical	Crucified with Christ	2:20, 5:24, 6:14	Compounds the baseline’s already-Critical resurrection/crucifixion-historicity risk (Quran 4:157 denies the crucifixion occurred) with an additional Trika-specific risk: the “no longer I, but Christ” language must not be read as self-dissolution into undivided consciousness (pratyabhijna-adjacent), but as real personal union with a genuinely distinct divine Person.
3	Flesh (ethical sense)	نفس	nafs	Critical	Flesh versus Spirit	5:13, 16–17, 19, 24; 6:8	نفس is the standard Islamic ethical category for the lower self (nafs al-ammārah), commonly understood as masterable through disciplined religious effort — precisely the opposite of Galatians’ Spirit-dependence method (5:16–18). Must be explicitly distinguished from self-effort victory frameworks. Kept distinct from the neutral bodily sense of “flesh” in 2:20 (رendered جسم, jism), which carries no such risk.
4	Fruit of the Spirit	پاک روحہ ہنٛز میوہ	pāk rūḥa hanz mēwa	High	Fruit of the Spirit	5:22–23	Risk of conflation with pan-regional karma-phal (“fruit of action”) categories familiar in popular Kashmiri Pandit devotional life; must be taught as Spirit-produced organic growth/gift, not self-generated merit accumulated through effort or across lifetimes.
5	Works of the Flesh	نفسانی اعمال	nafsānī a’māl	High	Flesh versus Spirit	5:19–21	Deliberately parallel construction to “works of the law” (شریعتہ ہنٛز اعمال); must be explained as addressing a distinct problem (moral license) from legalism, to avoid the two phrases being confused.
6	New Creation	نوی مخلوق	nawī makhlūq	Critical	Circumcision and the New Creation	6:15 (cf. 2 Cor 5:17)	Risk of collapse into Trika’s self-recognition (pratyabhijna) framework (a shift in consciousness-state within already-undivided reality) rather than God’s objective, ex-nihilo-analogous re-creative act; also must be distinguished from any reincarnation-adjacent reading for Muslim-background readers.
7	Circumcision	ختنہ	khatna	Critical	Circumcision and the New Creation	2:3–4, 5:2–6, 5:11, 6:12–13, 6:15	Names a living, widely observed Islamic customary practice (sunnah); Galatians’ argument targets circumcision-as-soteriological-requirement only, and this distinction must be stated with great pastoral care to avoid readers hearing an attack on a cherished family/community practice.
8	Freedom (in Christ)	مسیحہ منز آزادی	Masīḥa manz āzādī	Critical	Freedom in Christ	5:1, 5:13	آزادی is Kashmir’s primary political self-determination slogan; requires the same explicit-disambiguation handling the baseline already mandates for “peace” and “kingdom,” given the region’s extraordinarily sensitive contested-sovereignty history.
9	Yoke of Slavery	غلامیہ ہنٛز جوٗو	ghulāmiyah hanz jū’	Medium	Freedom in Christ	5:1	Straightforward metaphor; low ambiguity beyond ensuring the bondage referenced is legal/spiritual, not a comment on regional labor structures.
10	Curse of the Law	شریعتہ ہنٛز لعنت	sharī’ata hanz la’nat	Critical	The Law’s Purpose / Abrahamic Covenant	3:10, 3:13	Directly engages substitutionary atonement (Christ “became a curse for us”), which mainstream Sunni theology explicitly denies is possible (Quran 6:164, 53:38, “no bearer of burdens shall bear another’s”). Must be taught into directly as a genuine, well-known point of theological difference.
11	Redemption / Redeemed	قیمت دِتھ آزاد کرنہٕ	qīmat dith āzād karnah	Critical	The Law’s Purpose / Abrahamic Covenant	3:13, 4:5	Genuine point of contact with Islamic fidyah (ransom/expiation payment), but must be distinguished as a single, sufficient, once-for-all payment fully satisfying the law’s curse — not a repeatable or partial legal-ransom transaction.
12	Promise	وعدہ	wa’dah	High	Abrahamic Covenant and Promise	3:14–22, 29; 4:23, 28	Must be kept distinct from عہد (covenant); names the specific Abrahamic pledge fulfilled uniquely in Christ, not a generic hope-of-paradise pattern or a legal-covenant framework.
13	Seed (singular, Christological)	نسل	nasl	Critical	Abrahamic Covenant and Promise	3:16, 3:29	Kashmiri نسل does not visibly preserve the Greek’s singular/plural distinction the argument depends on; doctrinal point must be stated explicitly in prose. Compounded by acute sensitivity around Abrahamic lineage (Ishmael vs. Isaac) for Muslim-majority readers.
14	Mediator	درمیانی	darmiyānī	Medium–High	The Law’s Purpose	3:19–20	Mainstream Sunni theology lacks a clergy-mediator concept (direct access to Allah), though popular/Sufi practice includes shrine-intercession (توسّل); Christ’s unique mediatorship of the promise must be distinguished from a wali’s intercessory role (already flagged in baseline `intercession`).
15	Guardian / Tutor	نگہبان	nigahbān	Medium	The Law’s Purpose	3:24–25	Unfamiliar Greco-Roman custom (child-escort/disciplinarian, not “teacher”); needs brief explanation; doctrinally clarifies the law’s temporary, preparatory role.
16	Elemental Spirits / Principles of the World	دُنیاہٕ ہنٛز ابتدائی طاقتہ	dunyāh hanz ibtidā’ī tāqat	Critical	The Law’s Purpose / Flesh versus Spirit	4:3, 4:9	High risk of direct conflation with Kashmir Shaivism’s technical 36-tattva cosmology for Trika-background readers; must be taught as enslaving religious/spiritual powers and systems, not a neutral metaphysical map to be philosophically mastered.
17	Two Covenants (Hagar/Sarah Allegory)	دؠ عہد (ہاجرہ تہٕ سارہ ہنٛز تمثیل)	dwi ‘ahd (Hājrah tah Sārah hanz tamsīl)	Critical	Abrahamic Covenant and Promise	4:21–31	The letter’s most acutely sensitive passage for Muslim-majority readers: maps Hagar (mother of Ishmael, central to Islamic Abrahamic lineage and Ka’bah tradition) onto slavery/rejection and Sarah (mother of Isaac) onto freedom/promise. Requires the most explicit, pastorally careful framing as theological allegory about law versus promise, not a statement about Ishmael’s or his descendants’ worth.
18	Allegory	تمثیل	tamsīl	Low–Medium	Abrahamic Covenant and Promise	4:24	Standard literary-exegetical term (cf. Quranic mathal); must clarify Paul draws typological meaning from real history, not denying Genesis’s historicity.
19	Baptized into Christ	مسیحہ منز بپتسمہ	Masīḥa manz baptisma	High	Circumcision and the New Creation / Freedom in Christ	3:27	Risk of conflation with Islamic ritual ablution (wuzu/ghusl) or regional ritual purificatory bathing; must be taught as a one-time act of identification/incorporation, not a repeatable purification rite.
20	Clothed with Christ	مسیح پہرُن	Masīḥ pahrun	Medium	Circumcision and the New Creation	3:27	Garment metaphor for new identity; low risk beyond avoiding confusion with specific regional religious-dress symbolism.
21	Heir / Inheritance	وارث / میراث	wārith / mīrāth	High	Adoption and Sonship / Abrahamic Covenant	3:29, 4:1, 4:7	Islamic inheritance law (farā’iḍ) is a detailed, fixed-share legal system; must clarify spiritual inheritance in Christ is a complete, equally-shared status, not a legally apportioned fixed share.
22	Anathema / Accursed	ملعون	mal’ūn	Critical	The True Gospel versus False Gospels	1:8–9	Shares vocabulary with the Islamic theological category applied to Satan/Iblis, which lends the term unusual rhetorical force in Kashmiri; must be used deliberately, at full severity, not softened.
23	Tradition of the Fathers	باپ دادن ہنٛز روایت	bāp dādan hanz riwāyat	Medium	Paul’s Apostleship	1:14	Point of contact with Islamic taqlid and Sufi silsila; useful for illustrating the pattern of zeal-for-tradition being reordered by revelation, but not a simple equivalence claim.
24	Zealous / Zealot	سرگرم	sargarm	Low	Paul’s Apostleship	1:14	Straightforward descriptive term; minor risk.
25	Bewitched	جادو کرنہٕ	jādū karnah	Medium	The True Gospel versus False Gospels	3:1	Resonates with live regional folk belief in the evil eye (نظر) and folk jādū; must be taught as vivid rhetorical rebuke of deception, not literal sorcery description.
26	Faith Working through Love	ایمان مُحبتہٕ معرفت کم کرن	īmān muhabbatah ma’rifat kam karan	High	Faith Working through Love	5:6	Must be taught as the fruit/evidence of justifying faith, guarding against reintroducing works-righteousness through “loving deeds” as a second requirement alongside faith.
27	Fallen from Grace	فضلہٕ پؠٹھ تھَپھِ گٹھِ	faz’lah pyeṭh thaph gath’	Critical	Law and Grace	5:4	Must be taught as describing the self-contradiction of seeking both grace and law-righteousness simultaneously, not as teaching a genuine believer can lose salvation through ordinary sin — distinguished explicitly from the baseline’s `assurance_of_salvation` doctrine.
28	Law of Christ	مسیحُک شریعت	Masīḥuk sharī’at	High	Bearing One Another’s Burdens	6:2	Must be distinguished from both Mosaic law and a comprehensive Sharia-style code; names the Spirit-fulfilled love-command principle, not a replacement legal system.
29	Bear One Another’s Burdens	اکہ اکس ہنٛز بوجھ برداشت کرنہٕ	akah akas hanz bōjh bardāsht karnah	Medium	Bearing One Another’s Burdens	6:2	Genuine positive resonance with regional communal-solidarity values; must remain gospel-specific, not generic humanitarian aid.
30	Sow and Reap	بونہٕ تہٕ لُنُن	bōnuh tah lunun	Medium–High	Bearing One Another’s Burdens / Flesh versus Spirit	6:7–8	Risk of conflation with karma-phal cause-and-effect doctrine, potentially cross-lifetime in wider Hindu-influenced popular thought; must be taught as a this-life-and-eternity principle tied to grace and the Spirit.
31	Boast	فخر کرنہٕ	fakhr karnah	Medium	The True Gospel versus False Gospels	6:14	Must preserve the paradox of boasting in a shameful execution-instrument (the cross), not soften into generic humility language.
32	Marks of Jesus	یِسوعُک نشان	Yisū’uk nishān	Low	Paul’s Apostleship	6:17	Should be briefly distinguished from later Catholic mystical “stigmata” and regional ritual body-marking practices; refers to genuine persecution scars.
33	Circumcision-Free Fellowship / Walking Uprightly (Gospel Consistency)	انجیلہ ہنٛز حقیقتہ مطابق سیدھی چلنہٕ	Injīla hanz haqīqata mutābiq sīdhī chalun	Medium	The True Gospel versus False Gospels	2:14	Ensures the hypocrisy/inconsistency point of the Antioch confrontation (conduct contradicting confessed doctrine) is not lost in translation.
34	Observing Days, Months, Seasons, Years	خاص ڈوہ تہٕ مہینہٕ منٛز عبادت پابند رٲوُن	khās ḍoh tah mahīnah manz ‘ibādat pāband rāwun	Medium	The Law’s Purpose	4:10	Point of contact with Islamic calendrical religious observance; must clarify concern is calendar-observance treated as spiritually obligatory for right standing, not that marking sacred times is inherently wrong.
35	Servant of Sin (rhetorical)	گناہک خادِم	gunāhuk khādim	Low–Medium	Justification by Faith	2:17	Rhetorical-question construction; Paul denies the label applies to Christ.
36	Transgressor	شریعتہ ہنٛز خِلاف وَرزی کرنہٕ وول	sharī’ata hanz khilāf-warzī karnah wol	Medium	Justification by Faith	2:18	Irony must survive: the “transgressor” is the one returning to law-works, not the one abandoning them.
37	Nullify (grace)	رَد کرنہٕ	rad karnah	Medium	Law and Grace	2:21, 3:15	Legal/covenantal “set aside” sense; object (grace) elevates overall risk of the clause to Critical (see Table 1, Grace).
38	Died for No Purpose / In Vain	بے فائدہٕ مرِنہٕ	be-fā’idah marun	Critical	Justification by Faith	2:21	Preserves the letter’s climactic logical entailment: law-righteousness would render Christ’s death pointless; must not be softened into a general death-was-valuable statement.

Table 3 — Chapters with No New Load-Bearing Terminology

Per PRD full-book-coverage requirements, the following is noted explicitly: every chapter of Galatians (1–6) contains new load-bearing theological vocabulary requiring analysis; there is no chapter in this six-chapter letter that merely reuses prior terms without contributing new risk-bearing content. (This contrasts with longer books such as Romans, where some chapters may be purely reused vocabulary; Galatians’ density of contested doctrine across all six chapters means each chapter has been separately tabled in 07_semantic_analysis.md Part B above.)

Risk Tier Summary for This Curriculum

Risk Tier	Count (new terms, Table 2)	Count (reused terms, Table 1)	Review Routing
Critical	11	9	Human theologian (mandatory)
High	9	9	Human theologian (mandatory)
Medium	14	3	Native speaker review
Low	4	6	Automated review

Total distinct terms tracked for Galatians: 65 (27 reused verbatim from baseline + 38 new).

This glossary is Phase 1, Step 1 output, paired with 07_semantic_analysis.md. New terms in Table 2 must be formally merged into an updated translation_memory.json (incrementing its version number) and into an updated bible_term_registry.json and doctrine_risk_registry.json in subsequent Phase 1 steps before any Phase 2 segment translation begins.

Critical Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faz’l
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: شکتی پات (Shaktipat, Kashmir Shaivite descent of divine power/grace, never use as a substitute), رحم (mercy in the general Islamic deeds-weighed sense, supporting synonym only, never a replacement)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline CRITICAL grace-vs-merit-vs-shaktipat distinction applies unchanged. Galatians context: frames the whole letter (1:3, 6; 2:21; 5:4; 6:18); 2:21’s climactic conditional (‘if righteousness were through the law, Christ died for no purpose’) and 5:4’s ‘fallen from grace’ state this distinction at its sharpest.

Righteousness

Approved rendering: راستبازی
Transliteration: rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: تقویٰ (piety/God-consciousness, an Islamic virtue achieved through disciplined practice, too works-oriented)
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: central to 2:21’s climactic argument — if righteousness came through the law, Christ died for nothing.

Justification

Approved rendering: راستباز ٹھہرایہ گیہ
Transliteration: rāstbāz ṭharāyi gyi
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: معافی (forgiveness alone, too narrow)
Original: δικαιόω / δικαίωσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: triple-repeated in 2:16 for emphasis; the compound must not be varied stylistically across the three occurrences within the verse, or the repetition’s rhetorical force is lost.

Salvation

Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: najāt
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: جنت (paradise as a destination, never a stand-alone gloss), موکش (moksha, never use), پرتیبھِجنا (pratyabhijna, never use as a substitute)
Original: σωτηρία (cf. related ‘eternal life,’ 6:8)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: not directly lexicalized but underlies 5:21 (‘inherit the kingdom of God’) and 6:8 (‘eternal life’); same dual risk (Islamic deeds-weighed paradise-entry vs. Trika pratyabhijna self-recognition) applies.

Apostle

Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasūl
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: پیغمبر (prophet, a distinct office, avoid conflating)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Apostleship

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline note retained: رسول is Muhammad’s specific Quranic title (‘Rasulullah’). Galatians context: 1:1 and 1:11-24 make Paul’s direct divine commissioning (‘not from men nor through man’) the letter’s opening argument; this distinction must be restated explicitly alongside that emphatic claim.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: پاک روح
Transliteration: pāk rūḥ
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: روح القدس (Ruh al-Qudus, identified in mainstream Islamic exegesis with the angel Gabriel; never use interchangeably without explicit distinction)
Original: πνεῦμα (ἅγιον)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline forbidden-substitution rule applies unchanged: never bare روح القدس. Galatians context: central across chs. 3-6 — receiving the Spirit by faith (3:2-5), Spirit vs. flesh (5:16-25), walking by/sowing to the Spirit (5:16, 25; 6:8).

Father

Approved rendering: باپت
Transliteration: bāpath
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: 4:6 is a verbatim parallel to Romans 8:15 and must render identically per the baseline’s cross-document consistency rule.

Lord

Approved rendering: خُداوند
Transliteration: Khudāwand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالِک (owner/master, reserve for ordinary human authority contexts)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs in the opening greeting (1:3) and closing benediction (6:14, 18), bracketing the whole letter.

Son Of God

Approved rendering: خُدایہ ہند پُتر
Transliteration: Khudāya hind putr
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: نبی (a great prophet, an explicit downgrade and mainstream Islamic reading of Isa’s status, rejected)
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline Tawhid-collision risk (Quran 112) applies at full force. Galatians context: occurs at 1:16, 2:20, 4:4, 4:6 — the content of Paul’s apostolic commission and of adoption doctrine both depend on this term.

Jesus

Approved rendering: یِسوع
Transliteration: Yisū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ (the Quranic Arabic/Perso-Arabic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Never عیسیٰ. Galatians context: used consistently throughout, including 1:1, 2:16, 2:20.

Messiah

Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masīḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline shared-Quranic-vocabulary caution applies unchanged. Galatians context: central to ‘crucified with Christ’ (2:20), ‘in Christ’ language throughout, and ‘law of Christ’ (6:2).

Imputed Righteousness

Approved rendering: دِتمُت راستبازی
Transliteration: ditmut rāstbāzī
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: حاصل کرمُت راستبازی (earned righteousness, the explicit rejected opposite)
Original: ἐλογίσθη αὐτῷ εἰς δικαιοσύνην
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: 3:6 directly cites Genesis 15:6 as the central proof-text for the whole justification argument of the letter; must not be rendered as earned righteousness.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: مُردٕن پؠٹھ زندٕ تھِیُن
Transliteration: murdan pyeṭh zinda thyun
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Original: ἐγείραντος ἐκ νεκρῶν
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline Quran 4:157 crucifixion-denial risk applies unchanged. Galatians context: occurs 1:1, ‘God the Father, who raised him from the dead’ — foundational to Paul’s apostolic authority claim.

Works Of The Law

Approved rendering: شریعتہ ہنٛز اعمال
Transliteration: sharī’ata hanz a’māl
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: اعمال ہاٚر بغٲیر شریعتہ ربط دِتھ (bare ‘a’māl’ without anchoring to شریعت, loses the specific Mosaic-legal referent and risks reading as generic ‘good deeds’), شریعتہ ہنٛز فرمانبرداری (rule-obedience gloss, collapses the term into the baseline’s already-established ‘obedience of faith’ category and blurs Paul’s works/faith antithesis)
Original: ἔργα νόμου
Category: Salvation

New term. Uses اعمال, the standard Islamic term for religiously accountable deeds, deliberately creating a strong point of contact with — and direct refutation of — the deeds-weighing soteriology already flagged Critical in the baseline salvation entry. Repeated three times in Galatians 2:16 for rhetorical emphasis; must not be varied stylistically across the three occurrences. Also occurs 3:2, 3:5, 3:10.

Crucified With Christ

Approved rendering: مسیح سٕتی مصلوب کرنہٕ آمُت
Transliteration: Masīḥ sati maslūb karnah āmut
Doctrine: Crucified with Christ
Rejected alternatives: صرف ‘مصلوب گیہ’ بغٲیر مسیح سٕتی اتحاد (bare ‘was crucified’ without explicit union-with-Christ framing, reduces Paul’s identification theology to a mere historical reference), مسیحہ منز مرنہٕ (generic ‘died in Christ’, loses the specific crucifixion-identification Paul intends)
Original: Χριστῷ συνεσταύρωμαι
Category: Christology

New term, extending the baseline resurrection/crucifixion-historicity risk. Mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 denies Jesus was crucified at all, so a doctrine asserting the believer’s own union with that crucifixion presupposes a historical event many Kashmiri Muslim readers will have been taught did not occur. For Trika-shaped Pandit readers, ‘no longer I who live, but Christ’ must not be read as self-dissolution into undivided consciousness (pratyabhijna-adjacent) but as real union with a genuinely distinct divine Person. Occurs 2:20, 5:24, 6:14.

Flesh

Approved rendering: نفس
Transliteration: nafs
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: جسم (reserved exclusively for the neutral bodily sense at Galatians 2:20; using it for the ethical sense would erase Paul’s deliberate distinction in chapter 5), نفسِ امّارہ کے خلاف جہاد کے طور پر پیش کرنہٕ (framing flesh-mastery as an achievable jihad al-nafs self-effort project, the opposite of Paul’s Spirit-dependence prescription)
Original: σάρξ (ethical sense)
Category: Sanctification

New term. نفس is the standard Islamic ethical category for the lower self (nafs al-ammārah, Quran 12:53), commonly understood as masterable through disciplined religious effort — precisely the opposite of Galatians 5:16-18’s Spirit-dependence method. Must be explicitly distinguished from self-effort victory frameworks, and kept distinct from جسم (neutral bodily sense, 2:20). Occurs 5:13, 16-17, 19, 24; 6:8.

New Creation

Approved rendering: نوی مخلوق
Transliteration: nawī makhlūq
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: نئی زندگی (generic ‘new life’, too weak to carry the objective re-creative, ex-nihilo-analogous sense), اوتار سٕنٛز طرح نوی حالت (avatar-adjacent ‘new state’, risks conflation with pan-Indian avatar/rebirth categories already forbidden in the baseline incarnation entry)
Original: καινὴ κτίσις
Category: Salvation

New term. For Trika-shaped Pandit readers, risks collapse into a shift in recognized consciousness-state within already-undivided reality (pratyabhijna-adjacent) rather than an objective, ex-nihilo-analogous divine re-creation. For Muslim-background readers, must not be misheard as anything resembling reincarnation/rebirth. This is the letter’s climactic answer to the circumcision controversy. Occurs 6:15.

Circumcision

Approved rendering: ختنہ
Transliteration: khatna
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: جسمانی نِشان (vague ‘bodily mark’, obscures the specific, well-known practice and its Islamic sunnah associations that Paul’s argument directly engages)
Original: περιτομή
Category: Covenant

New term. ختنہ names a living, widely observed Islamic customary practice (sunnah), a significant marker of Muslim male identity for Kashmiri families. Galatians opposes circumcision only as a required condition for right standing with God (2:3-5; 5:2-6, 11; 6:12-15), not the physical practice as such; this distinction must be stated with great pastoral care.

Freedom In Christ

Approved rendering: مسیحہ منز آزادی
Transliteration: Masīḥa manz āzādī
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: بغٲیر مسیحہ منز قید آزادی (bare ‘āzādī’ without the fixed ‘in Christ’ anchor, risks being heard as a coded reference to Kashmir’s political self-determination movement)
Original: ἐλευθερία
Category: Freedom

New term. آزادی is Kashmir’s primary political self-determination slogan; requires the same explicit-disambiguation handling the baseline already mandates for ‘peace’ and ‘kingdom.’ Must state plainly this is never a coded political reference, while guarding against over-caution that mutes its genuine liberating force. Occurs 5:1, 5:13.

Curse Of The Law

Approved rendering: شریعتہ ہنٛز لعنت
Transliteration: sharī’ata hanz la’nat
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: شریعتہ ہنٛز سزا (generic ‘penalty of the law’, too weak to carry the specific covenant-curse formula of Deuteronomy 27-28 that Paul invokes)
Original: κατάρα τοῦ νόμου
Category: Covenant

New term. Uses لعنت, the standard Arabic-derived Islamic theological term for divine curse. Directly engages substitutionary atonement, which mainstream Sunni theology explicitly denies is possible (Quran 6:164, 53:38, ‘no bearer of burdens shall bear another’s burden’) — a specific, well-known Quranic objection that must be taught into directly, not smoothed over. Occurs 3:10, 3:13.

Redemption

Approved rendering: قیمت دِتھ آزاد کرنہٕ
Transliteration: qīmat dith āzād karnah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: فدیہ (Islamic fidyah, a repeatable, partial, legally-regulated ransom/expiation payment; must not substitute for Christ’s single, sufficient, once-for-all payment)
Original: ἐξαγοράζω
Category: Salvation

New term. Genuine point of contact with the Islamic legal-theological concept of fidyah (ransom/expiation), but must be stated clearly as a single, sufficient, once-for-all payment fully satisfying the law’s curse for all who believe. Occurs 3:13, 4:5.

Seed

Approved rendering: نسل
Transliteration: nasl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: نسلہٕ ہاٚر (plural-marked form, would falsely resolve the singular/plural ambiguity Paul’s argument depends on in the wrong direction)
Original: σπέρμα
Category: Covenant

New term, extending the baseline seed_of_david pattern. Kashmiri نسل functions generically/collectively and does not visibly preserve the Greek’s singular/plural distinction the argument depends on, so the doctrinal point must be stated explicitly in prose. Compounded by acute sensitivity around Abrahamic lineage (Ishmael vs. Isaac) for Muslim-majority readers. Occurs 3:16, 29.

Elemental Spirits

Approved rendering: دُنیاہٕ ہنٛز ابتدائی طاقتہ
Transliteration: dunyāh hanz ibtidā’ī tāqat
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: تتوہٕ (direct borrowing of Sanskrit-derived ‘tattva’, would explicitly invite mapping onto Kashmir Shaivism’s 36-tattva cosmology rather than naming enslaving religious powers/systems)
Original: τὰ στοιχεῖα τοῦ κόσμου
Category: Covenant

New term. High risk of direct conflation with Kashmir Shaivism’s technical 36-tattva cosmology, a live, sophisticated system a Pandit-background reader may map this phrase onto directly. Must be taught as enslaving religious/spiritual powers and rule-systems, not a neutral metaphysical map to be philosophically mastered. Secondary, lower-stakes resonance with folk-Islamic belief in spirits (jinn). Occurs 4:3, 4:9.

Two Covenants

Approved rendering: دؠ عہد (ہاجرہ تہٕ سارہ ہنٛز تمثیل)
Transliteration: dwi ‘ahd (Hājrah tah Sārah hanz tamsīl)
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: صرف ہاجرہ تہٕ سارہ ہنٛز کہانی (bare narrative retelling without the explicit ‘allegory about law versus promise’ framing, risking a purely genealogical/personal-worth misreading)
Original: δύο διαθῆκαι
Category: Covenant

New term, extending the baseline covenant entry. Among the most sensitive passages for a Kashmiri Muslim readership: maps Hagar (mother of Ishmael, central to Islamic Abrahamic lineage and Ka’bah tradition) onto slavery/rejection and Sarah/Isaac onto freedom/promise. Requires the most explicit, pastorally careful framing in the entire curriculum as theological allegory about law versus promise, not a claim about Ishmael’s or his descendants’ personal worth. Occurs 4:21-31.

Anathema

Approved rendering: ملعون
Transliteration: mal’ūn
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: غلط تعلیم (mere ‘wrong teaching’, far too mild for Paul’s maximal covenantal curse-formula)
Original: ἀνάθεμα
Category: Gospel

New term. ملعون is already standard Islamic theological vocabulary (e.g., applied to Iblis/Satan), which gives the rendering unusual rhetorical force; this resonance should be used deliberately, not avoided, since Paul’s language here is maximally severe. Must state plainly this is a real divine judgment on false teaching, not hyperbole. Occurs 1:8-9, repeated twice.

Fallen From Grace

Approved rendering: فضلہٕ پؠٹھ تھَپھِ گٹھِ
Transliteration: faz’lah pyeṭh thaph gath’
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: نجات ہارُن (losing salvation outright, risks contradicting the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation doctrine; the actual referent is the self-contradiction of pursuing both grace and law-righteousness at once)
Original: τῆς χάριτος ἐξεπέσατε
Category: Salvation

New term, extending the baseline grace entry. Must be taught as describing the self-contradictory attempt to be justified by both grace and law simultaneously, not as teaching that a genuine believer can lose salvation through ordinary sin — explicitly distinguished from the baseline’s assurance_of_salvation doctrine. Occurs 5:4.

Died For No Purpose

Approved rendering: بے فائدہٕ مرِنہٕ
Transliteration: be-fā’idah marun
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: مسیحُک مرنہٕ بےقدر (generic ‘Christ’s death was devalued’, loses the precise conditional-logical entailment: if law-righteousness were possible, then the cross would be pointless)
Original: Χριστὸς δωρεὰν ἀπέθανεν
Category: Salvation

New term. Preserves the letter’s climactic logical entailment (law-righteousness implies a pointless cross); must be preserved as a real conditional argument, not softened into a general statement that Christ’s death was valuable. Occurs 2:21.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injīl
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: اچھی خبر (a plain descriptive gloss, acceptable only as an explanatory aside)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Gospel

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline note retained: انجیل is shared Quranic vocabulary (tahrif doctrine) requiring explicit content-teaching rather than assumed shared meaning. Galatians context: 1:6-9 intensifies this risk by naming ‘a different gospel’ and pronouncing anathema on any substitute — gospel-exclusivity is the letter’s opening argument and must not be softened.

Faith

Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: یقین (certainty/conviction, too intellectual/impersonal alone)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Object must remain Christ specifically, not confessional submission to a system. Galatians context: central to the ‘hearing with faith’ vs. ‘works of the law’ contrast (ch. 3) and ‘faith working through love’ (5:6).

Called

Approved rendering: سَدہ گیہ
Transliteration: sada gyi
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: دعوت دِنہ (invited, too weak)
Original: καλέω / κλητός
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive per baseline convention. Galatians context: 1:6 (‘called you in the grace of Christ’), 1:15 (Paul’s own call from the womb), 5:8, 5:13 (‘called to freedom’).

Calling

Approved rendering: سَدنُک
Transliteration: sadanuk
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package, kept structurally parallel to سَدہ گیہ. Galatians context: underlies the calling vocabulary of 1:6, 1:15, 5:8, 5:13 alongside سَدہ گیہ.

Adoption

Approved rendering: خدا ہند فرزند بنٲوُن
Transliteration: Khudā hind farzand banāwun
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Baseline Islamic kafala-guardianship-only contrast applies unchanged. Galatians context: 4:5 directly parallels Romans 8; full inheritance-rights sense must be taught explicitly.

Abba

Approved rendering: ابّا
Transliteration: Abbā
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Original: Ἀββᾶ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: 4:6, verbatim parallel to Romans 8:15; must render identically across documents per the theological consistency rules.

God

Approved rendering: خُدا
Transliteration: Khudā
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: used throughout; must consistently be presented in explicitly Trinitarian and Christ-centered terms per Galatians’ argument, as in Romans.

Law

Approved rendering: شریعت
Transliteration: sharī’at
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: the letter’s central contested category (chs. 2-6); underlies ‘works of the law,’ ‘curse of the law,’ ‘law of Christ,’ and the guardian/tutor metaphor. Must be distinguished from a comprehensive Sharia-style life-code even as it usefully parallels regional legal-religious scholarship.

Sin

Approved rendering: گناہ
Transliteration: gunāh
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 1:4, 2:17, 3:22; underlies the ‘servant of sin’ rhetorical denial (2:17).

Election

Approved rendering: خُدایُک چُنٲوُن
Transliteration: Khudāyuk chunāwun
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: قسمت (fate, tied to taqdir, use with caution)
Original: cf. ἀφορίσας (1:15, ‘set apart’)
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatias context: underlies 1:15’s ‘set apart before I was born’ regarding Paul’s own calling; same قسمت/taqdir caution applies.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: خُدایُک قوت
Transliteration: Khudāyuk quwwat
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: شکتی (Shakti, Kashmir Shaivite dynamic divine energy, avoid as primary term)
Original: δυνάμεις (cf. 3:5)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: underlies 3:5’s ‘works miracles among you’ in connection with receiving the Spirit by faith, not works of the law.

Glory

Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalāl
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 1:5, ‘to whom be glory forever and ever,’ anchoring God’s honor at the letter’s outset.

Fruit Of The Spirit

Approved rendering: پاک روحہ ہنٛز میوہ
Transliteration: pāk rūḥa hanz mēwa
Doctrine: Fruit of the Spirit
Rejected alternatives: کرم پھل (karma-phal-style ‘fruit of action’, risks framing this as self-generated merit rather than Spirit-produced gift), پاک روحہ ہنٛز میوہٕ ہاٚر (plural ‘fruits’, loses Paul’s deliberate singular construction contrasted with the itemized plural ‘works of the flesh’)
Original: καρπὸς τοῦ πνεύματος
Category: Sanctification

New term. Risk of conflation with pan-regional karma-phal (‘fruit of action’) categories familiar in popular Kashmiri Pandit devotional life; must be taught as Spirit-produced organic growth/gift, not self-generated merit accumulated through effort or across lifetimes. Occurs 5:22-23.

Works Of The Flesh

Approved rendering: نفسانی اعمال
Transliteration: nafsānī a’māl
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: نفسانی گناہ (bare ‘sins of the flesh’, loses the deliberate parallel construction to ‘works of the law’ that Paul’s rhetoric depends on)
Original: ἔργα τῆς σαρκός
Category: Sin

New term, deliberately parallel in construction to ‘works of the law’ (شریعتہ ہنٛز اعمال). This parallel is useful for showing Paul opposes both legalism and moral license, but must be explained rather than left implicit, since the two phrases address different underlying problems. Occurs 5:19-21.

Promise

Approved rendering: وعدہ
Transliteration: wa’dah
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: عہد (covenant; kept lexically distinct — وعدہ names the specific pledged content, not the covenant-legal framework itself)
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Covenant

New term. Standard Arabic-derived term, a genuine point of contact with Islamic vocabulary for God’s promises. Must be kept distinct from عہد (covenant): names the specific content pledged to Abraham, fulfilled uniquely in Christ, not a general covenant-legal framework or a generic hope of paradise. Occurs 3:14-22, 29; 4:23, 28.

Baptized Into Christ

Approved rendering: مسیحہ منز بپتسمہ
Transliteration: Masīḥa manz baptisma
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: وضو (Islamic ritual ablution, a repeatable purification rite, not a one-time act of identification/incorporation into Christ)
Original: εἰς Χριστὸν ἐβαπτίσθητε
Category: Church

New term. Risk of conflation with Islamic ritual ablution (wuzu/ghusl) or regional ritual purificatory bathing; must be taught as a one-time act of identification with Christ’s death and resurrection and incorporation into him. Occurs 3:27.

Heir Inheritance

Approved rendering: وارث / میراث
Transliteration: wārith / mīrāth
Doctrine: Adoption and Sonship
Rejected alternatives: فرائض کہٕ مطابق حصہٕ (a fixed-share portion per Islamic farā’iḍ inheritance law, wrongly implies a legally apportioned fraction rather than a complete, equally-shared status)
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant

New term. Islamic inheritance law (farā’iḍ) is an unusually detailed, fixed-share legal system central to Islamic jurisprudence; readers may import categorical fixed-share thinking onto this spiritual inheritance. Must clarify this names the complete, equally-shared inheritance-status every believer holds as God’s child through the promise. Occurs 3:29, 4:1, 4:7.

Faith Working Through Love

Approved rendering: ایمان مُحبتہٕ معرفت کم کرن
Transliteration: īmān muhabbatah ma’rifat kam karan
Doctrine: Faith Working through Love
Rejected alternatives: محبتہٕ تہٕ ایمان دؠ شرطہٕ (framing love as a second co-equal requirement alongside faith, reintroduces works-righteousness by the back door)
Original: πίστις δι’ ἀγάπης ἐνεργουμένη
Category: Faith

New term. Must be taught as the fruit and evidence of justifying faith, not a second, additional requirement alongside faith for right standing — guarding against reintroducing works-righteousness through the back door of ‘loving deeds.’ Occurs 5:6, 5:13-14.

Law Of Christ

Approved rendering: مسیحُک شریعت
Transliteration: Masīḥuk sharī’at
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: نئی شریعت (a ‘new sharia-style code’, wrongly implies a replacement legal system rather than the Spirit-fulfilled love-command principle)
Original: ὁ νόμος τοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Ethics

New term. Must be explicitly distinguished from both the Mosaic law (chs. 3-4’s subject) and a comprehensive Sharia-style legal code — this is the love-command principle lived out through the Spirit, not a new rule-system replacing the old. Occurs 6:2.

Sow And Reap

Approved rendering: بونہٕ تہٕ لُنُن
Transliteration: bōnuh tah lunun
Doctrine: Flesh versus Spirit
Rejected alternatives: کرم پھل کہٕ اصول (karma-phal cross-lifetime cause-and-effect doctrine, must not be read as merit accumulated across rebirths)
Original: ὃ γὰρ ἐὰν σπείρῃ ἄνθρωπος, τοῦτο καὶ θερίσει
Category: Ethics

New term. Significant risk of conflation with the pan-regional karma-phal (‘fruit/consequence of action’) doctrine of moral cause-and-effect, potentially extended across lifetimes in wider Hindu-influenced popular thought accessible even to some Trika-adjacent Pandit readers. Must be taught explicitly as a this-life-and-eternity principle tied to grace and Spirit-dependence. Occurs 6:7-8.

Medium Risk Terms

Gentiles

Approved rendering: غیر-قوم
Transliteration: ghair-qaum
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 2:2, 2:12, 2:14-15, 3:8, 3:14.

Covenant

Approved rendering: عہد
Transliteration: ‘ahd
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 3:15, 3:17, and contrastively (x2) in the ‘two covenants’ Hagar/Sarah allegory of 4:24; must be kept lexically distinct from the new term وعدہ (promise).

Israel

Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: Isrā’īl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 6:16, ‘the Israel of God’ — render the proper name consistently; the modern nation-state sensitivity flagged in the baseline applies unchanged.

Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: خُدایُک بادشاہت
Transliteration: Khudāyuk bādshāhat
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 5:21, ‘will not inherit the kingdom of God’ — the consequence of habitual works of the flesh; distinguish from any territorial-political framing per baseline caution.

Peace

Approved rendering: امن
Transliteration: amn
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: opening greeting (1:3, ‘grace to you and peace’) and closing (6:16); handle with the same sensitivity the baseline requires given the region’s decades-long conflict.

Church

Approved rendering: کلیسیا
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: مسجد (mosque, never use), مندر (temple, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: occurs 1:2, 1:13, 1:22 (‘churches of Galatia,’ ‘the church of God,’ ‘churches of Judea’); must remain clearly distinct from مسجد and مندر.

Yoke Of Slavery

Approved rendering: غلامیہ ہنٛز جوٗو
Transliteration: ghulāmiyah hanz jū’
Doctrine: Freedom in Christ
Rejected alternatives: غلامی (bare ‘slavery’ alone, loses the vivid agricultural yoke-image Paul employs)
Original: ζυγὸς δουλείας
Category: Freedom

New term. Straightforward metaphor for returning to law-works as re-submission to a slave’s yoke; low ambiguity beyond ensuring the bondage referenced is legal/spiritual, not a comment on regional labor structures. Occurs 5:1.

Mediator

Approved rendering: درمیانی
Transliteration: darmiyānī
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: شفاعت کرنہٕ وول (a wali’s shrine-intercession role in Sufi tawassul practice, a different category from Christ’s unique mediatorship of the promise)
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant

New term. Mainstream Sunni theology has no clergy-mediator concept and stresses direct access to Allah, though popular and Sufi practice (including within the Kashmiri Rishi tradition) includes tawassul/intercession through saints, already flagged in the baseline intercession entry. Occurs 3:19-20.

Guardian Tutor

Approved rendering: نگہبان
Transliteration: nigahbān
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: مُعلِم (teacher, misrepresents the paidagōgos role, which was a disciplinary child-escort, not an instructor of content)
Original: παιδαγωγός
Category: Covenant

New term. The Greco-Roman paidagōgos custom is unfamiliar and should be briefly explained rather than assumed understood; doctrinally clarifies the law’s temporary, preparatory role rather than its abolition as morally worthless. Occurs 3:24-25.

Allegory

Approved rendering: تمثیل
Transliteration: tamsīl
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Rejected alternatives: صرف تاریخ (bare ‘history’, would deny the intended typological reading Paul explicitly signals)
Original: ἀλληγορούμενα
Category: Covenant

New term. Standard literary-exegetical term with resonance to the Quranic use of mathal (parable/similitude); must clarify Paul draws typological meaning from a real historical narrative, not denying Genesis’s historicity. Occurs 4:24.

Clothed With Christ

Approved rendering: مسیح پہرُن
Transliteration: Masīḥ pahrun
Doctrine: Circumcision and the New Creation
Rejected alternatives: مذہبی لباس پہرُن (specific regional religious-dress symbolism, risks a literal-garment misreading rather than the identity metaphor Paul intends)
Original: Χριστὸν ἐνεδύσασθε
Category: Sanctification

New term. Generally safe garment-metaphor for new identity; should avoid confusion with specific regional religious-dress symbolism. Occurs 3:27.

Tradition Of The Fathers

Approved rendering: باپ دادن ہنٛز روایت
Transliteration: bāp dādan hanz riwāyat
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: تقلید (Islamic taqlid on its own, risks implying a direct doctrinal equivalence rather than illustrating a shared pattern)
Original: παράδοσις τῶν πατέρων μου
Category: Apostleship

New term. Genuine point of contact with Islamic taqlid (adherence to inherited legal-theological tradition) and Sufi silsila (transmission chains); useful for illustrating the pattern of zeal-for-tradition being reordered by revelation, but must not be flattened into a simple equivalence claim. Occurs 1:14.

Bewitched

Approved rendering: جادو کرنہٕ
Transliteration: jādū karnah
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: دھوکہٕ دِنہٕ (generic ‘deceived’, loses the vivid folk evil-eye/jādū resonance Paul’s rhetorical question evokes)
Original: ἐβάσκανεν
Category: Gospel

New term. In a region where belief in the evil eye (نظر) and folk jādū remains culturally present, this phrase may resonate unusually strongly; must be taught as vivid rhetorical accusation of deception, not as endorsing or describing literal sorcery. Occurs 3:1.

Bear One Anothers Burdens

Approved rendering: اکہ اکس ہنٛز بوجھ برداشت کرنہٕ
Transliteration: akah akas hanz bōjh bardāsht karnah
Doctrine: Bearing One Another’s Burdens
Rejected alternatives: عام انسانی مدد (generic humanitarian aid, disconnected from its gospel-specific, church-centered context)
Original: ἀλλήλων τὰ βάρη βαστάζετε
Category: Church

New term. Genuine positive resonance with regional communal-solidarity values; must not be reduced to generic humanitarian mutual aid divorced from its gospel-shaped, church-specific context. Occurs 6:2.

Boast

Approved rendering: فخر کرنہٕ
Transliteration: fakhr karnah
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: عام عاجزی (generic humility language, flattens Paul’s deliberate shock-paradox of boasting in a shameful execution-instrument)
Original: καυχάομαι
Category: Ethics

New term. Must preserve the paradox — boasting in an instrument of shameful execution (the cross) rather than in personal achievement, status, or religious observance (circumcision, 6:13). Occurs 6:14.

Walking Uprightly

Approved rendering: انجیلہ ہنٛز حقیقتہ مطابق سیدھی چلنہٕ
Transliteration: Injīla hanz haqīqata mutābiq sīdhī chalun
Doctrine: The True Gospel versus False Gospels
Rejected alternatives: عام چال چلن (generic ‘good conduct’, loses the specific hypocrisy/inconsistency-with-confessed-doctrine point of the Antioch confrontation)
Original: ὀρθοποδοῦσιν πρὸς τὴν ἀλήθειαν τοῦ εὐαγγελίου
Category: Church

New term. Ensures the hypocrisy/inconsistency point of the Antioch confrontation — conduct contradicting confessed doctrine — is not lost in translation. Occurs 2:14.

Observing Days

Approved rendering: خاص ڈوہ تہٕ مہینہٕ منٛز عبادت پابند رٲوُن
Transliteration: khās ḍoh tah mahīnah manz ‘ibādat pāband rāwun
Doctrine: The Law’s Purpose
Rejected alternatives: مذہبی تہوار منانہٕ (bare ‘celebrating religious festivals’, loses Paul’s specific concern that calendrical observance was being treated as spiritually obligatory for right standing)
Original: ἡμέρας παρατηρεῖσθε καὶ μῆνας καὶ καιροὺς καὶ ἐνιαυτούς
Category: Covenant

New term. Point of contact with Islamic calendrical religious observance (Ramadan, holy days, prayer times); must clarify Paul’s concern is calendar-observance treated as spiritually obligatory for right standing, not that marking sacred times is inherently wrong. Occurs 4:10.

Servant Of Sin

Approved rendering: گناہک خادِم
Transliteration: gunāhuk khādim
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Original: ἁμαρτίας διάκονος
Category: Sin

New term. Rhetorical-question construction; Paul firmly denies the label applies to Christ. Occurs 2:17.

Transgressor

Approved rendering: شریعتہ ہنٛز خِلاف وَرزی کرنہٕ وول
Transliteration: sharī’ata hanz khilāf-warzī karnah wol
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: عام گناہگار (generic ‘sinner’, loses the specific legal-transgression sense and the verse’s central irony)
Original: παραβάτης
Category: Sin

New term. The irony of the verse — the true transgressor is the one returning to law-works, not the one trusting Christ — must survive translation and not read as a flat statement that law-breaking is bad. Occurs 2:18.

Nullify Grace

Approved rendering: رَد کرنہٕ
Transliteration: rad karnah
Doctrine: Law and Grace
Rejected alternatives: نظرانداز کرنہٕ (mere ‘to overlook/ignore’, too weak for atheteō’s strong legal/covenantal ‘declare invalid’ sense)
Original: ἀθετέω
Category: Salvation

New term. Legal/covenantal ‘set aside’ sense; its object in 2:21 (the grace of God) elevates the overall risk of that clause to Critical. Occurs 2:21, 3:15.

Low Risk Terms

David

Approved rendering: داؤد
Transliteration: Dā’ūd
Doctrine: The Abrahamic Covenant and Promise
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Not directly named in Galatians; the baseline seed_of_david descent pattern is echoed structurally by the singular ‘seed’ Christological argument of 3:16.

Fellowship

Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Galatians context: 2:9, ‘the right hand of fellowship’ — formal apostolic recognition gesture confirming Paul’s parity with James, Cephas, and John.

Zealous

Approved rendering: سرگرم
Transliteration: sargarm
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Original: ζηλωτής
Category: Apostleship

New term. Straightforward descriptive term; minor risk. Occurs 1:14.

Marks Of Jesus

Approved rendering: یِسوعُک نشان
Transliteration: Yisū’uk nishān
Doctrine: Paul’s Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: معجزاتی زخم (miraculous stigmata-style wounds, a later Catholic mystical category distinct from Paul’s genuine persecution scars)
Original: τὰ στίγματα τοῦ Ἰησοῦ
Category: Apostleship

New term. Should be briefly distinguished from later Catholic mystical ‘stigmata’ tradition and from regional ritual body-marking practices; refers to genuine scars from real persecution suffered in gospel ministry. Occurs 6:17.

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