Core Glossary
Core Glossary: 1 Corinthians (English → Kashmiri)
This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in analysis/07_semantic_analysis.md, organized by first chapter of appearance. Terms marked REUSE are already established in the Romans baseline translation_memory.json and must be used exactly as recorded there — no alternative renderings are permitted. Terms marked NEW are proposed additions for this curriculum and require the same theologian/native-speaker review routing as the Romans baseline’s Critical/High/Medium/Low tiers before Phase 2 translation begins.
Reuse vs. New Summary
- REUSE terms (established, unchanged): gospel, grace, faith, called, calling, saints, sanctification, holy, church, fellowship, thanksgiving, spiritual gifts, power of God, resurrection, apostle, glory, messiah, Jesus, God, Holy Spirit, peace, righteousness/justification family (referenced), sin, prophecy, mission/proclamation root.
- NEW terms proposed for 1 Corinthians: 51 terms across 16 chapters, detailed below.
Master Glossary Table
| # | Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Transliteration | Kashmiri Rendering | Status | Risk | Doctrine Category | Chapter(s) | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | euangelion | انجیل | REUSE | High | Resurrection/Cross | 1,9,15 | Shared Quranic vocabulary (tahrif concern); anchor to fixed historical content in 15:1-11 |
| 2 | grace | χάρις | charis | فضل | REUSE | Critical | Cross; Resurrection | 1,15,16 | Distinguish from deeds-weighing mercy and shaktipat, per Romans baseline |
| 3 | faith | πίστις | pistis | ایمان | REUSE | High | Resurrection; general | 15,16 | Object must be the specific historical gospel content of 15:3-8 |
| 4 | called | κλητός | klētos | سَدہ گیہ | REUSE | High | Unity/Factionalism | 1,7 | Context-sensitive per Romans TM notes |
| 5 | saints | ἅγιοι | hagioi | پاک لوکہ | REUSE | High | Unity/Factionalism | 1 | Corporate address, not an ascetic/Sufi elite |
| 6 | church | ἐκκλησία | ekklēsia | کلیسیا | REUSE | Medium | Unity/Discipline | 1,4,5,10-15 | Distinct from ہیکل (temple) — see #12 |
| 7 | fellowship | κοινωνία | koinōnia | رفاقت | REUSE | Low | Unity | 1,10 | Ch.10 use also touches Lord’s Supper “participation” sense — flag High in that specific context |
| 8 | thanksgiving | εὐχαριστία | eucharistia | شکر | REUSE | Low | General | 1,14 | No new risk |
| 9 | wisdom | σοφία | sophia | حکمت | NEW | High | Cross as Wisdom/Power | 1,2,3,12 | Collides with Islamic ḥikmat (divine attribute) and Trika jñāna; anchor to the cross |
| 10 | cross / crucified | σταυρός / σταυρόω | stauros/stauroō | صلیب / مصلوب کرنہ | NEW | Critical | Cross as Wisdom/Power | 1,2,15 | Directly denied by mainstream Sunni reading of Quran 4:157; state plainly |
| 11 | foolishness | μωρία | mōria | حماقت | NEW | Medium-High | Cross | 1 | Retain Paul’s ironic/subversive use |
| 12 | temple (of God/Spirit) | ναός | naos | ہیکل | NEW | High | Church Discipline/Holiness | 3,6 | Distinct from کلیسیا, مسجد, مندر |
| 13 | boasting | καύχησις | kauchēsis | فخر | NEW | Medium | Cross | 1,3,4 | Redirected wholly to God/the Lord |
| 14 | divisions/factions | σχίσμα | schisma | تفرقہ | NEW | High | Unity vs Factionalism | 1,12 | Sensitive given regional sectarian/communal history |
| 15 | power of God | δύναμις θεοῦ | dynamis theou | خُدایُک قوت | REUSE | High | Cross as Power | 1,2 | Never شکتی |
| 16 | rulers of this age | ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου | archontes tou aiōnos toutou | دُنیایُک حاکم | NEW | Medium | Cross | 2 | Ambiguity (human/spiritual) preserved |
| 17 | mystery | μυστήριον | mystērion | راز | NEW | High | Cross; Resurrection | 2,15 | Openly revealed, not esoteric Sufi/Trika secret-knowledge |
| 18 | natural man / spiritual man | ψυχικὸς / πνευματικός ἄνθρωπος | psychikos/pneumatikos anthrōpos | نفسانی منش / روحانی منش | NEW | High | Cross; Spiritual Gifts | 2 | Not generic body/soul dualism nor Trika consciousness-grading |
| 19 | mind of Christ | νοῦς Χριστοῦ | nous Christou | مسیحُک ذہن | NEW | Medium-High | Cross | 2 | Not mystical absorption |
| 20 | foundation | θεμέλιος | themelios | بنیاد | NEW | Medium | Church Discipline | 3 | Christ alone as foundation |
| 21 | stewards | οἰκονόμοι | oikonomoi | امانتدار | NEW | Medium | Discipline | 4 | Entrusted accountability |
| 22 | judge/judgment | κρίνω/ἀνακρίνω | krinō/anakrinō | فیصلہ کرُن | NEW | Medium-High | Discipline | 4,5,6 | Premature human judgment vs. Lord’s final judgment; also lawsuits (ch.6) |
| 23 | reward | μισθός | misthos | اجر | NEW | Medium | Discipline; Liberty | 3,4,9 | Anchor to grace-enabled service, not independent merit |
| 24 | sexual immorality | πορνεία | porneia | زنا | NEW | High | Church Discipline/Holiness | 5,6 | Broader NT category vs. narrow Islamic legal zinā category — teach distinction explicitly |
| 25 | leaven | ζύμη | zymē | خمیر | NEW | Medium | Discipline/Holiness | 5 | Requires Passover background note |
| 26 | hand over to Satan | παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ | paradounai tō Satana | شیطان (in disciplinary phrase) | NEW | High | Discipline | 5 | Restoration-aimed, not final condemnation |
| 27 | members of Christ / temple of the Spirit | μέλη Χριστοῦ / ναὸς… πνεύματος | melē Christou/naos…pneumatos | مسیحُک اندام / ہیکل | NEW | Critical | Holiness; Body of Christ | 6,12 | No Islamic or Trika equivalent of Spirit-indwelt body |
| 28 | bought with a price | ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς | ēgorasthēte timēs | قیمت دِوٕتھ خریدنہ گیہ | NEW | High | Holiness; Salvation | 6 | Distinct from fidya ransom concept |
| 29 | marriage | γάμος | gamos | شادی | NEW | Medium-High | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Chosen over نکاح to avoid importing Islamic marriage-contract law |
| 30 | unmarried/singleness (as gift) | ἄγαμος | agamos | غیر شادی شُدہ حالت | NEW | High | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Contra “no monasticism in Islam” hadith; partial contact with Rishi ascetic strand |
| 31 | virgin | παρθένος | parthenos | دوشیزہ | NEW | Medium | Marriage and Singleness | 7 | Standard vocabulary |
| 32 | circumcision | περιτομή | peritomē | ختنہ | NEW | Medium-High | Marriage/Calling | 7 | Relativized for a specific redemptive-historical reason, not a general dismissal |
| 33 | idol | εἴδωλον | eidōlon | بُت | NEW | Critical | Christian Liberty and Idol Meat | 8,10,12 | Distinct dual handling: Muslim agreement vs. Pandit mūrti-devotion sensitivity |
| 34 | food offered to idols | εἰδωλόθυτον | eidōlothyton | بُتن نذر کرمُت خوراک | NEW | Critical | Idol Meat | 8 | Touches prasād devotional practice; teach first-century context specifically |
| 35 | knowledge | γνῶσις | gnōsis | علم | NEW | High | Idol Meat; Love | 8,13 | Subordinate to love; collides with Islamic ʿilm and Trika jñāna |
| 36 | conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | ضمیر | NEW | Medium-High | Idol Meat | 8,10 | Inner moral faculty, not honor-shame calculation |
| 37 | stumbling block | πρόσκομμα | proskomma | ٹھوکر | NEW | Medium | Idol Meat | 8 | Standard vocabulary |
| 38 | rights/liberty | ἐξουσία | exousia | اختیار | NEW | Medium-High | Liberty | 8,9 | Voluntarily limited by love |
| 39 | self-control | ἐγκράτεια | enkrateia | ضبطِ نفس | NEW | High | Liberty; Discipline | 9 | Shared Sufi nafs-discipline vocabulary; anchor to Spirit-given gospel purpose |
| 40 | idolatry | εἰδωλολατρία | eidōlolatria | بُت پرستی | NEW | High/Critical | Idol Meat | 10 | Same dual-audience sensitivity as #33 |
| 41 | demons | δαιμόνια | daimonia | بد رُوحہ | NEW | High | Idol Meat; Lord’s Supper | 10 | Avoids Islamic jinn taxonomy deliberately |
| 42 | table of the Lord/demons | τράπεζα κυρίου/δαιμονίων | trapeza kyriou/daimoniōn | خُداوندُک دسترخوان / بد رُوحن ہنٛز دسترخوان | NEW | High | Lord’s Supper | 10 | Bridges toward ch.11 |
| 43 | spiritual food/drink | πνευματικὸν βρῶμα/πόμα | pneumatikon brōma/poma | روحانی خوراک / روحانی مشروب | NEW | Medium | Lord’s Supper typology | 10 | Requires Exodus background note |
| 44 | head/headship | κεφαλή | kephalē | سر / سرداری | NEW | High | Order in Worship | 11 | Distinguish from generic regional patriarchal custom |
| 45 | head covering | κατακαλύπτω | katakalyptō | سر ڈھکُن | NEW | Critical | Order in Worship | 11 | Directly touches contemporary hijab/parda practice; first-century specific point |
| 46 | traditions | παραδόσεις | paradoseis | روایات | NEW | Medium | Order in Worship | 11 | Point of contact with Islamic riwāyah, but apostolic not evolving-legal |
| 47 | Lord’s Supper | κυριακὸν δεῖπνον | kyriakon deipnon | عشائے ربانی | NEW | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Adopts attested regional Urdu Christian term; no Islamic sacramental analog |
| 48 | body and blood (of the Lord) | σῶμα καὶ αἷμα | sōma kai haima | بدن تہٕ لَہُو | NEW | Critical | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Symbolic/memorial per 11:24-25; avoid literalistic misreading |
| 49 | remembrance | ἀνάμνησις | anamnēsis | یاد | NEW | Medium | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Standard vocabulary |
| 50 | discerning the body | διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα | diakrinōn to sōma | بدن پہچانٕن | NEW | High | The Lord’s Supper | 11 | Unique to this passage; needs explanatory teaching |
| 51 | spiritual gifts | χαρίσματα | charismata | روحانی نعمتہ | REUSE | Medium | Spiritual Gifts/Body of Christ | 12,14 | Distinct from karāmat (wali’s charism) |
| 52 | body of Christ/members | σῶμα Χριστοῦ/μέλη | sōma Christou/melē | مسیحُک بدن / اندام | NEW | High | Body of Christ | 12 | Not Trika-style dissolution of individual identity |
| 53 | baptized (in one Spirit) | ἐβαπτίσθημεν | ebaptisthēmen | بپتسمہ | NEW | Critical | Body of Christ; Lord’s Supper background | 1,10,12,15 | No Islamic/Hindu ritual-bathing equivalent; teach from ground up |
| 54 | tongues | γλῶσσαι | glōssai | روحانی زبانہ | NEW | High | Spiritual Gifts; Order in Worship | 12,13,14 | Distinguish from possession-trance phenomena |
| 55 | healing/miracles (gifts) | χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων | charismata iamatōn | شفا ہنٛز نعمت | NEW | Medium-High | Spiritual Gifts | 12 | Distinct from karāmat |
| 56 | love | ἀγάπη | agapē | محبت | NEW | Critical | Love as the Greater Way | 8,13,14,16 | Distinct from Sufi ʿishq/fanā mysticism and Trika bhakti/ānanda absorption |
| 57 | hope | ἐλπίς | elpis | اُمید | NEW | Low | Love | 13 | Standard vocabulary |
| 58 | interpretation (of tongues) | ἑρμηνεία | hermēneia | ترجمہ | NEW | Medium | Order in Worship | 12,14 | Preferred over تفسیر to avoid Quranic-exegesis association |
| 59 | edification/building up | οἰκοδομή | oikodomē | بناوُن | NEW | Low-Medium | Order in Worship | 14 | Connects to Romans mutual_edification doctrine (ہمگام ترقی) |
| 60 | decently and in order | εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν | euschēmonōs kai kata taxin | نظم و ضبط سٟتی | NEW | Medium | Order in Worship | 14 | Standard vocabulary |
| 61 | women keep silent | αἱ γυναῖκες…σιγάτωσαν | hai gynaikes…sigatōsan | (descriptive phrase) | NEW | High | Order in Worship | 14 | Requires full-canonical-context handling with 11:5 |
| 62 | peace (God not of confusion) | εἰρήνη | eirēnē | امن | REUSE | Medium | Order in Worship | 14 | Same regional political sensitivity as Romans baseline |
| 63 | resurrection (of Christ) | ἀνάστασις | anastasis | مُردٕن پؠٹھ زندٕ تھِیُن | REUSE | Critical | Resurrection of Christ and Believers | 15 | Same Quran 4:157 collision note as Romans baseline |
| 64 | Adam / last Adam | Ἀδάμ / ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ | Adam/eschatos Adam | آدم / پَتمُت آدم | NEW | High-Critical | Resurrection of Believers | 15 | Shared name, not shared federal-headship theology; no Trika fall-category |
| 65 | perishable/imperishable | φθαρτός/ἄφθαρτος | phthartos/aphthartos | فانی / غیر فانی | NEW | Medium | Resurrection of Believers | 15 | Standard vocabulary pair |
| 66 | spiritual body/natural body | σῶμα πνευματικόν/ψυχικόν | sōma pneumatikon/psychikon | روحانی بدن / نفسانی بدن | NEW | Critical | Resurrection of Believers | 15 | Distinct from Qiyāmah bodily-resurrection-without-transformation and from Trika’s provisional-embodiment framework |
| 67 | victory / sting of death | νῖκος / κέντρον | nikos/kentron | فتح / ڈنکھ | NEW | Medium-Low | Resurrection of Believers | 15 | Standard vocabulary |
| 68 | the collection | λογεία | logeia | چندہ | NEW | Medium | Fellowship/Closing | 16 | Distinct from obligatory zakāt framework |
| 69 | Maranatha | μαράνα θά | marana tha | مارانا تھا | NEW | Medium | Closing/Eschatology | 16 | Transliterated, preserved untranslated, per Abba pattern |
| 70 | holy kiss | φίλημα ἅγιον | philēma hagion | پاک بوس | NEW | Low-Medium | Fellowship/Closing | 16 | Sacred familial greeting, not romantic gesture |
| 71 | delivered/received (tradition) | παρέδωκα/παρέλαβον | paredōka/parelabon | دِنہ تہٕ حاصل کرنہ | NEW | High | Resurrection (core passage) | 15:1,3 | Parallels rabbinic/isnad transmission language; content is fixed |
| 72 | for our sins (substitutionary) | ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν | hyper tōn hamartiōn hēmōn | ہمارٕ گناہن باپت | NEW | Critical | Cross; Resurrection | 15:3 | No Islamic or Trika category for substitutionary atonement |
| 73 | buried | ἐτάφη | etaphē | دفن کرنہ گیہ | NEW | High | Resurrection | 15:4 | Confirms genuine death against Quran 4:157 denial |
| 74 | appeared | ὤφθη | ōphthē | نظر آمت | NEW | Critical | Resurrection | 15:5-8 | Objective bodily eyewitness event, not vision/inward perception |
| 75 | fallen asleep | ἐκοιμήθησαν | ekoimēthēsan | نِنٕدرٕ گٔیہ | NEW | High | Resurrection | 15:6 | Hope-laden euphemism presupposing bodily resurrection, not reincarnation |
| 76 | untimely born | ἐκτρώματι | ektrōmati | وقتہ برونٹھ پؠدا | NEW | Medium-High | Resurrection (Paul’s apostleship) | 15:8 | Difficult idiom; preserve humility/grace force |
| 77 | persecuted (the church) | ἐδίωξα | ediōxa | ستٲنہ | NEW | Medium | Resurrection; Apostleship | 15:9 | Standard vocabulary |
| 78 | in vain (grace not empty) | κενή | kenē | خالی | NEW | High | Grace | 15:10 | Grace’s fruit, not grace’s precondition |
| 79 | labored | ἐκοπίασα | ekopiasa | محنت کرنہ | NEW | Low-Medium | Grace/Ministry | 15:10 | Standard vocabulary |
| 80 | preach/proclaim | κηρύσσω | kēryssō | منادی کران | NEW | High | Resurrection; Mission | 15:11 | Gentle proclamation per Romans baseline sensitivity note |
Critical-Risk Terms Requiring Mandatory Theologian Review (Summary)
The following NEW terms are assessed Critical and require human theologian review at every occurrence, per the same escalation logic as the Romans baseline:
- صلیب / مصلوب کرنہ (cross/crucified) — #10
- ہمارٕ گناہن باپت (substitutionary “for our sins”) — #72
- نظر آمت (appeared, resurrection eyewitness) — #74
- مسیحُک اندام / ہیکل (members of Christ / temple of the Spirit) — #27
- بُت (idol) — #33
- بُتن نذر کرمُت خوراک (food offered to idols) — #34
- عشائے ربانی (Lord’s Supper) — #47
- بدن تہٕ لَہُو (body and blood) — #48
- بپتسمہ (baptism) — #53
- سر ڈھکُن (head covering) — #45
- محبت (love/agapē) — #56
- روحانی بدن / نفسانی بدن (spiritual body/natural body) — #66
These join, and must be cross-referenced with, the Critical terms already established in the Romans baseline (grace, righteousness, justification, salvation, apostle, resurrection, lord, son of God, incarnation, messiah, jesus, god, holy_spirit, father, imputed_righteousness).
This glossary must be merged into an updated translation_memory.json (version increment) before Phase 2 segment translation of 1 Corinthians begins, per the Translation Memory Load and Enforcement Instructions in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md.
Critical Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: فضل
Transliteration: faz’l
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: شکتی پات (Shaktipat, the Kashmir Shaivite descent of divine power/grace, never use as a substitute), رحم (mercy in the general Islamic sense of divine compassion weighed against deeds, use only as a supporting synonym, never a replacement)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] In 1 Corinthians 15:10 (‘by the grace of God I am what I am… not I, but the grace of God with me’) this is the letter’s clearest anti-merit statement and must be flagged for theologian review at every occurrence, guarding against both Islamic deeds-weighed mercy and Kashmir Shaivite shaktipat framings.
Apostle
Approved rendering: رسول
Transliteration: rasūl
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: پیغمبر (prophet, a distinct office, avoid conflating)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package; risk retained at Critical for this curriculum.] Especially acute in 1 Corinthians 15:5-9, where ‘the Twelve’ and ‘all the apostles’ are listed alongside Paul, ‘the least of the apostles’ — رسول must be explicitly distinguished from Muhammad’s specific Islamic title (‘Rasūlullāh’) every time.
Messiah
Approved rendering: مسیح
Transliteration: Masīḥ
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] Mainstream Islamic theology uses this same title for Isa while denying the very crucifixion and resurrection 1 Corinthians repeatedly asserts of ‘Christ’ (1:23; 15:3-8); the shared title must not be mistaken for shared content.
Jesus
Approved rendering: یِسوع
Transliteration: Yisū’
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: عیسیٰ (the Quranic Arabic/Perso-Arabic form, reserve only for explicit interfaith-dialogue contexts)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
[Inherited from Romans package.] یِسوع only, throughout 1 Corinthians; never عیسیٰ except in explicit interfaith-dialogue framing.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: پاک روح
Transliteration: pāk rūḥ
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: روح القدس (Ruh al-Qudus, an Arabic Quranic phrase that mainstream Islamic exegesis commonly identifies with the angel Gabriel, not a divine Person; never use interchangeably without explicit distinction)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Indwells believers’ bodies (3:16, 6:19) and distributes spiritual gifts (12:4-11) — never bare روح القدس.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: مُردٕن پؠٹھ زندٕ تھِیُن
Transliteration: murdan pyeṭh zinda thyun
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
[Inherited from Romans package.] The core doctrine of 1 Corinthians 15; mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 holds Jesus was not actually crucified or killed at all, directly denying the historical death, burial, and resurrection this passage lists as of ‘first importance’ (15:3-8). Must be stated plainly at every occurrence, including 6:14 and 15:12-58.
Lord
Approved rendering: خُداوند
Transliteration: Khudāwand
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: مالِک (owner/master, reserve for ordinary human authority contexts)
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used throughout 1 Corinthians (e.g. ‘Lord Jesus,’ ‘Lord’s Supper,’ ‘Lord’s table,’ 10:21, 11:20-27); must never be softened to a term implying merely a great teacher or venerated Sufi master (pir).
Father
Approved rendering: باپت
Transliteration: bāpath
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
[Inherited from Romans package.] 1 Corinthians 8:6, ‘one God, the Father, from whom are all things’ — requires the same care as the Romans baseline in a Muslim-majority context where ‘Father’ as a name for God is unfamiliar and can echo Tawhid concerns about attributing offspring to God.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: راستبازی
Transliteration: rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: تقویٰ (piety/God-consciousness, an Islamic virtue achieved through disciplined practice, too works-oriented)
[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly invoked in 1 Corinthians 1:30, ‘Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption’ — a key verse pairing this term with sanctification and redemption; must be taught as received status, not دیسپلن-achieved piety.
Justification
Approved rendering: راستباز ٹھہرایہ گیہ
Transliteration: rāstbāz ṭharāyi gyi
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: معافی (forgiveness alone, too narrow)
[Inherited from Romans package.] Directly invoked in 1 Corinthians 6:11, ‘you were washed, you were sanctified, you were justified’ — must never be abbreviated to mere معافی.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: دِتمُت راستبازی
Transliteration: ditmut rāstbāzī
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: حاصل کرمُت راستبازی (earned righteousness, the explicit rejected opposite)
[Inherited from Romans package.] Underlies 1 Corinthians 1:30 and 6:11’s righteousness/justification language; credited, not achieved.
Salvation
Approved rendering: نجات
Transliteration: najāt
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: جنت (paradise as a destination, never a stand-alone gloss for salvation itself), موکش (moksha-style liberation as understood in wider Indian Hindu usage, never use for Kashmir Shaivite readers), پرتیبھِجنا (pratyabhijna, self-recognition of one’s own innate divinity in Trika philosophy, never use as a substitute)
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used in 1 Corinthians 1:18 (‘to us who are being saved’) and 15:2; the specific anchor here is Christ’s death-burial-resurrection as historical fact, which must be kept explicit against both the Islamic deeds-weighing frame and the Trika pratyabhijna frame.
Cross Crucified
Approved rendering: صلیب / مصلوب کرنہ
Transliteration: ṣalīb / maṣlūb karnah
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: a euphemistic paraphrase avoiding the concrete instrument of execution (would weaken the historical scandal Paul intends)
Original: σταυρός / σταυρόω
Category: Cross and Wisdom
CRITICAL: mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 denies Jesus was actually crucified at all. Paul’s entire argument (1:17-25; 2:2,8; 15:3) presupposes the crucifixion as a real, scandalous historical fact (‘a stumbling block to Jews,’ 1:23). Must be stated plainly at every occurrence and flagged for theologian review.
Temple Of God
Approved rendering: ہیکل
Transliteration: haikal
Doctrine: The Believer’s Body as the Temple of the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: مسجد (mosque, never use), مندر (Hindu temple, never use, especially resonant for Kashmiri Pandit readers given active devotional mūrti worship)
Original: ναός
Category: Sanctification
CRITICAL: applied corporately to the church (3:16-17) and individually to the believer’s body (6:19). Must be kept clearly distinct from کلیسیا, مسجد, and مندر; personal Spirit-indwelling has no equivalent in Islamic anthropology or Trika’s provisional view of embodiment.
Members Of Christ
Approved rendering: مسیحُک اندام
Transliteration: Masīḥuk andām
Doctrine: Sexual Ethics and Bodily Holiness
Original: μέλη Χριστοῦ
Category: Sanctification
CRITICAL: 6:15 grounds sexual ethics in personal, organic union with Christ and the Spirit’s indwelling presence in the physical body — a claim with no equivalent in Islamic anthropology (the body is not held to be indwelt by God’s own Spirit) or Trika (where the body’s ultimate reality is provisional relative to undivided consciousness).
Idol
Approved rendering: بُت
Transliteration: but
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Rejected alternatives: a coined neologism avoiding بُت (would obscure an already-understood term without doctrinal gain)
Original: εἴδωλον
Category: Christian Liberty
CRITICAL, requires separately reasoned dual-audience handling. For Muslim readers, idols are already fully rejected (echoing Tawhid’s rejection of shirk), but the pastoral point (liberty exercised in love toward weaker consciences) must not collapse into a renewed polemic against idolatry as such. For Kashmiri Pandit readers, بُت directly touches the devotional category of mūrti central to living temple worship; handle with pastoral care so as not to mock or dismiss image-veneration carelessly, while preserving Paul’s own point (8:4,6).
Food Offered To Idols
Approved rendering: بُتن نذر کرمُت خوراک
Transliteration: butan nazar karmut khorāk
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλόθυτον
Category: Christian Liberty
CRITICAL: directly touches the practice of prasād (ritually offered, blessed, shared food) in Kashmiri Pandit devotional life; must be taught as addressing a specific first-century marketplace situation, neither silently equated with nor pointedly attacking contemporary prasād practice.
Idolatry
Approved rendering: بُت پرستی
Transliteration: but-parastī
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: εἰδωλολατρία
Category: Christian Liberty
10:7,14 — same dual-audience sensitivity as ‘idol’: agreement-in-principle with Muslim Tawhid-rejection of shirk, requiring pastoral care given the Pandit devotional category of mūrti-worship.
Head Covering
Approved rendering: سر ڈھکُن
Transliteration: sar ḍhakun
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Head Covering
Rejected alternatives: حجاب / پردہ vocabulary directly borrowed from the contemporary hijab/parda debate, avoid
Original: κατακαλύπτω / ἀκατακάλυπτος
Category: Order in Worship
CRITICAL: maps directly onto the highly visible, contemporary, religiously loaded practice of ḥijāb/parda in regional Islamic culture (11:4-7,13). Must state plainly that Paul addresses a specific first-century cultural-symbolic practice, and must not be read as either endorsing or dismissing the present-day hijab debate.
Lords Supper
Approved rendering: عشائے ربانی
Transliteration: ʿIshā-e-Rabbānī
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: a newly coined Kashmiri neologism instead of the attested regional Urdu Christian convention
Original: κυριακὸν δεῖπνον
Category: The Lord’s Supper
CRITICAL: adopts the established regional South Asian Christian Bible-translation convention. No sacramental analog exists in mainstream Islamic practice; in Kashmiri Pandit devotional life, prasād is a partial cultural point of contact but rests on a fundamentally different theology. Must be taught explicitly as remembrance of Christ’s sacrificial death (11:20-26), not a generic sacred meal.
Body And Blood
Approved rendering: بدن تہٕ لَہُو
Transliteration: badan tā lahū
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: a borrowed technical sacramental transliteration instead of plain Kashmiri words
Original: σῶμα καὶ αἷμα
Category: The Lord’s Supper
CRITICAL: must be carefully taught as symbolic/memorial participation (per ‘do this in remembrance,’ 11:24-25) to avoid both an overly literalistic misreading (sounding like cannibalism to an outside reader) and an underreading that strips the rite of its solemn, sacrificial-death-focused meaning.
Baptism
Approved rendering: بپتسمہ
Transliteration: baptismah
Doctrine: Baptism into One Body by One Spirit
Rejected alternatives: a paraphrase implying ritual ablution (wuḍūʾ before prayer), never use, a paraphrase implying purificatory sacred-river bathing, never use
Original: βαπτίζω / ἐβαπτίσθημεν
Category: Church
CRITICAL: transliterated, built from the ground up. No equivalent sacrament or rite of identification-through-death-and-resurrection exists in mainstream Islamic practice or regional Hindu ritual bathing practice. Occurs at 1:13-17, 10:2, 12:13, 15:29; flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Love
Approved rendering: محبت
Transliteration: muhabbat
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Rejected alternatives: a coined term avoiding محبت (would sacrifice recognizable regional Bible-translation vocabulary for no doctrinal gain; fencing is required instead of substitution)
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Love
CRITICAL: the single most heavily crowded semantic neighborhood in this curriculum, claimed by (1) the Rishi Sufi ʿishq/muhabbat mysticism of Lal Ded/Lalleshwari’s devotional poetry, oriented toward mystical union or dissolution of the self (fanā), and (2) Kashmir Shaivism’s bhakti/ānanda vocabulary of blissful absorption into undivided Shiva-consciousness. Paul’s agapē (8:1; 13:1-13; 14:1; 16:14,24) must be anchored every time to the itemized, willed, other-oriented behavioral content of 13:4-7, which preserves rather than dissolves personal distinctness. Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Spiritual Body Natural Body
Approved rendering: روحانی بدن / نفسانی بدن
Transliteration: rūḥānī badan / nafsānī badan
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: σῶμα πνευματικόν / σῶμα ψυχικόν
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: the doctrinal center of the resurrection-of-believers teaching (15:44). Must be distinguished from two separate frames: mainstream Islamic eschatology affirms genuine bodily resurrection at Qiyāmah (a real point of contact) but without this specific transformation-through-union-with-Christ category; Kashmir Shaivism’s liberation (moksha/mukti as self-recognition) treats embodiment as provisional relative to undivided consciousness, with no category for a transformed, still-embodied resurrection hope. Both require explicit, separate teaching.
For Our Sins
Approved rendering: ہمارٕ گناہن باپت
Transliteration: hamāre gunāhan bāpath
Doctrine: Substitutionary Atonement
Original: ὑπὲρ τῶν ἁμαρτιῶν ἡμῶν
Category: Salvation
CRITICAL: 15:3, ‘Christ died for our sins according to the Scriptures.’ No ready equivalent exists in either frame this Language Package addresses: mainstream Islamic theology holds Allah forgives directly by mercy with no substitutionary sacrifice required (and separately denies Christ’s death occurred at all); Kashmir Shaivism’s non-dualism has no category for one person’s death addressing another’s moral guilt before a genuinely distinct personal God. Must be taught from the ground up.
Appeared
Approved rendering: نظر آمت
Transliteration: nazar āmat
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony to the Resurrection
Original: ὤφθη
Category: Eschatology
CRITICAL: the technical eyewitness-testimony verb repeated five times (15:5,6,7,8). Must convey objective, external, bodily visibility to named witnesses, not an inward spiritual impression, dream, or vision (a rendering that could otherwise sit comfortably alongside Islamic visionary-encounter accounts, or Trika categories of inward mystical perception). Flag for theologian review at every occurrence.
Redemption
Approved rendering: رِہائی
Transliteration: rihā’ī
Doctrine: Salvation
CRITICAL: 1 Corinthians 1:30, ‘Christ Jesus, who became to us wisdom from God, righteousness and sanctification and redemption,’ pairs this term directly with the Critical righteousness and sanctification entries. No equivalent category exists in mainstream Islamic deeds-weighing soteriology or Trika non-dualism; teach as Christ’s own accomplished, once-for-all deliverance, connecting to bought_with_a_price (6:20) and to the Romans baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry.
High Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: انجیل
Transliteration: Injīl
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: اچھی خبر (a plain descriptive gloss, acceptable only as an explanatory aside)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Injil is shared Quranic vocabulary understood by mainstream Islamic teaching as a scripture given to Isa and later corrupted (tahrif). In 1 Corinthians 15:1-3 the risk sharpens further because Paul specifies the exact historical content (death, burial, resurrection, appearances) that directly collides with Quran 4:157’s denial of the crucifixion; teach as a fixed apostolic deposit, not a fluid religious concept.
Faith
Approved rendering: ایمان
Transliteration: īmān
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: یقین (certainty/conviction, too intellectual/impersonal alone)
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package.] In 1 Corinthians 15:2,11,14,17, faith’s object must remain explicitly the specific historical death-burial-resurrection content just recited, not generic religious belief or Islamic confessional submission.
Called
Approved rendering: سَدہ گیہ
Transliteration: sada gyi
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: دعوت دِنہ (invited, too weak)
Original: κλητός
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Context-sensitive in 1 Corinthians: 1:1 apostleship, 1:2 sainthood, 7:17-24 station in life at conversion.
Calling
Approved rendering: سَدنُک
Transliteration: sadanuk
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used in 1 Corinthians 7:20 for the station in which one was called at conversion.
Saints
Approved rendering: پاک لوکہ
Transliteration: pāk lūkh
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: ولی (a Sufi saint venerated at a shrine, e.g. within the Rishi order tradition, never use for the corporate biblical sense)
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] 1 Corinthians 1:2’s corporate address to the whole Corinthian church; never narrow to an ascetic elite.
Holy
Approved rendering: پاک
Transliteration: pāk
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: صاف (physically clean, ritual-ablution sense, avoid as a substitute)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied in 1 Corinthians to believers’ bodies (6:19), the temple metaphor (3:17), and greeting practice (16:20).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: پاکیزگی
Transliteration: pākīzagī
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
[Inherited from Romans package.] Foundational to the church-discipline and body-holiness teaching of chapters 5-6; distinct from ritual purification and from Trika disciplines aimed at recognizing already-present purity.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: خُدایُک قوت
Transliteration: Khudāyuk quwwat
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: شکتی (Shakti, associated with Kashmir Shaivism’s dynamic divine energy/Spanda concept, avoid as the primary term for Pandit-background readers)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied in 1 Corinthians 1:18,24 and 2:4-5 specifically to the saving power of the message of the cross; never شکتی.
Glory
Approved rendering: جلال
Transliteration: jalāl
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied in 1 Corinthians 10:31 (right living) and 15:40-43 (resurrection bodies).
God
Approved rendering: خُدا
Transliteration: Khudā
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
[Inherited from Romans package.] Source of wisdom, power, calling, and resurrection throughout 1 Corinthians; must consistently be presented in explicitly Trinitarian, Christ-centered terms per the letter’s own argument (8:6).
Sin
Approved rendering: گناہ
Transliteration: gunāh
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
[Inherited from Romans package.] In 1 Corinthians 15:3,17 it is joined with the substitutionary preposition (see for_our_sins below), a claim with no ready equivalent in Islamic deeds-weighing theology or Trika non-dualism.
Law
Approved rendering: شریعت
Transliteration: sharī’at
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
[Inherited from Romans package.] Referenced in 1 Corinthians 9:8-9,20-21 and 14:21,34; retain the same distinction between the Mosaic Law’s specific redemptive-historical role and a comprehensive Sharia-style life-code.
Wisdom
Approved rendering: حکمت
Transliteration: ḥikmat
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Rejected alternatives: حکمتِ الٰہی used without qualification as a free-floating divine-attribute synonym
Original: σοφία
Category: Cross and Wisdom
حکمت is a major Islamic theological term (al-Ḥakīm, ‘The All-Wise,’ a divine name; ḥikmat as prophetic wisdom) and resonates with Trika’s jñāna-based path to self-recognition. Must be explicitly anchored to the specific, seemingly foolish content of the cross (1:18-25) rather than left as a free-floating positive religious value.
Foolishness
Approved rendering: حماقت
Transliteration: ḥamāqat
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: μωρία
Category: Cross and Wisdom
Must retain Paul’s ironic, subversive use (1:18-25) — the ‘foolish’ cross is in fact true wisdom — rather than reading as straightforward derogatory folly, which could unintentionally concede the point to a skeptical reader.
Divisions Factions
Approved rendering: تفرقہ
Transliteration: tafarqa
Doctrine: Christian Unity versus Factionalism
Original: σχίσμα
Category: Church
Kashmir’s own history carries deep sectarian and communal fault lines (Sunni-Shia, Muslim-Pandit); تفرقہ must be handled with particular pastoral sensitivity, teaching the specific in-house doctrinal/relational schism Paul addresses (1:10-13; 3:1-9; 11:18; 12:25) without implying any direct mapping onto the region’s own communal history.
Mystery
Approved rendering: راز
Transliteration: rāz
Doctrine: Spirit-Given Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Cross and Wisdom
Both Sufi asrār (hidden mystical knowledge for advanced adepts) and Trika’s guru-transmitted esoteric philosophy use closely related ‘hidden knowledge’ categories. Paul’s mystērion (2:1,7; 15:51) must be taught as the opposite structure: a secret now openly disclosed to all who believe.
Natural Spiritual Man
Approved rendering: نفسانی منش / روحانی منش
Transliteration: nafsānī manush / rūḥānī manush
Doctrine: Spirit-Given Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Original: ψυχικὸς ἄνθρωπος / πνευματικός
Category: Cross and Wisdom
2:14-15 — must not collapse into generic body/soul dualism nor Trika’s own layered-consciousness framework, which grades states of awareness toward non-dual realization rather than distinguishing Spirit-indwelt from non-indwelt persons.
Mind Of Christ
Approved rendering: مسیحُک ذہن
Transliteration: Masīḥuk zehan
Doctrine: Spirit-Given Wisdom versus Worldly Wisdom
Original: νοῦς Χριστοῦ
Category: Cross and Wisdom
2:16 — conveys granted spiritual understanding, not mystical absorption into Christ’s own consciousness, a possible Trika-flavored misreading.
Judge Judgment
Approved rendering: فیصلہ کرُن
Transliteration: faislah karun
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: κρίνω / ἀνακρίνω
Category: Church Discipline
Distinguish premature human judgment of ministers (4:3-5, censured) from legitimate internal church discipline (5:12-13, commanded) and lawsuit resolution among believers (6:1-6); all differ from the Lord’s own final judgment.
Sexual Immorality
Approved rendering: زنا
Transliteration: zinā
Doctrine: Sexual Ethics and Bodily Holiness
Rejected alternatives: زنا used without qualification as if identical to the narrow Islamic ḥadd-punishable legal category
Original: πορνεία
Category: Sanctification
زنا is a precise, narrowly defined Islamic legal category (illicit intercourse, adjudicated under Sharia with strict evidentiary requirements and a defined ḥadd punishment). Paul’s porneia (5:1; 6:9,13,18) is a broader moral category addressed through church discipline and repentance, not a legal-punitive framework; this distinction must be taught explicitly.
Hand Over To Satan
Approved rendering: شیطانس حوالہ کرنہ
Transliteration: shaiṭānas ḥawālah karnah
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παραδοῦναι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church Discipline
5:5 — built on شیطان (REUSE, shared Islamic-vocabulary term for Satan/Iblis, a genuine point of contact). This specific disciplinary formula has no exact Islamic or Trika parallel and must be explained as restoration-aimed, temporary removal from the church’s protective fellowship, never final condemnation.
Bought With A Price
Approved rendering: قیمت دِوٕتھ خریدنہ گیہ
Transliteration: qīmat diwith khrīdanah gyi
Doctrine: Sexual Ethics and Bodily Holiness
Original: ἠγοράσθητε τιμῆς
Category: Salvation
6:20, 7:23 — redemption-purchase imagery; must not be confused with human slave-trade associations nor collapsed into the Islamic fidya (ransom in specific legal contexts) concept.
Marriage
Approved rendering: شادی
Transliteration: shādī
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: نکاح (the specific Islamic legal-contractual marriage institution, avoid, since Paul’s teaching does not import Islamic marriage-contract law)
Original: γάμος / γαμέω
Category: Marriage and Singleness
Chapter 7 throughout — deliberately the more general term for the marriage relationship itself, not the Islamic legal-contractual institution.
Singleness
Approved rendering: غیر شادی شُدہ حالت
Transliteration: ghair shādī shudah hālat
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Rejected alternatives: a renunciation-framed phrasing suggesting Hindu sannyasa/brahmacharya aimed at moksha, avoid
Original: ἄγαμος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
7:7-8,32-34 — runs directly against the hadith ‘there is no monasticism in Islam’ (lā rahbāniyyata fi’l-Islām), yet stands in genuine partial, complicating tension with the celibate ascetic strand within the Kashmiri Rishi Sufi order itself (Nund Rishi’s tradition); Paul’s own framing is a Spirit-given calling for gospel service, neither renunciation for its own sake nor a path to liberation.
Circumcision
Approved rendering: ختنہ
Transliteration: khatnah
Doctrine: Circumcision and Remaining in One’s Calling
Original: περιτομή / ἀκροβυστία
Category: Covenant
7:18-19 — khatna/khitan is a recognized, valued Islamic sunna practice tied to religious identity; Paul’s relativizing statement (‘neither counts for anything’) must be taught as addressing a specific redemptive-historical question (Gentile inclusion), not a general dismissal of the practice’s value.
Knowledge
Approved rendering: علم
Transliteration: ʿilm
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: γνῶσις
Category: Christian Liberty
علم carries major weight in Islamic epistemology (ʿulamā scholarship) and closely parallels Trika’s jñāna, the mechanism of liberation through self-recognition. ‘Knowledge puffs up, love builds up’ (8:1) must not be read as knowledge being self-sufficient for spiritual standing in either framework; subordinate explicitly to love (13:1-3).
Conscience
Approved rendering: ضمیر
Transliteration: zamīr
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Christian Liberty
8:7,10,12; 10:25-29 — standard Islamic ethical vocabulary; must be taught as a genuine inner faculty that can be weak or wounded, not merely social shame-avoidance or honor-calculation.
Rights Liberty
Approved rendering: اختیار
Transliteration: ikhtiyār
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Conscience
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Christian Liberty
8:9; 9:4-18 — must be taught as a legitimate right voluntarily limited by love for a weaker believer, not an absolute personal entitlement; Paul’s own example of surrendering apostolic rights is the letter’s model case.
Self Control
Approved rendering: ضبطِ نفس
Transliteration: zabt-e-nafs
Doctrine: Self-Control for the Sake of the Gospel
Original: ἐγκράτεια
Category: Christian Liberty
9:24-27 — shared vocabulary with the Sufi tradition’s nafs-discipline (tied to devotional exercises like murāqaba), a genuine point of contact, but must be taught as flowing from Spirit-given power for a specific gospel purpose (9:23), not self-achieved ascetic merit or mystical attainment.
Demons
Approved rendering: بد رُوحہ
Transliteration: bad rūhah
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Rejected alternatives: جن (jinn, a distinct, morally-mixed created order in mainstream Islamic theology, some believed pious; never use, as it would misrepresent the biblical category)
Original: δαιμόνια
Category: Christian Liberty
10:20-21 — deliberately avoids the Islamic jinn taxonomy; keeps the moral valence explicit.
Table Of The Lord
Approved rendering: خُداوندُک دسترخوان / بد رُوحن ہنٛز دسترخوان
Transliteration: Khudāwanduk dastarkhān / bad rūhan hanz dastarkhān
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: τράπεζα κυρίου / τράπεζα δαιμονίων
Category: The Lord’s Supper
10:21 — uses دسترخوان, a common regional word for a shared meal-setting; builds toward the fuller Lord’s Supper doctrine in chapter 11.
Head Headship
Approved rendering: سر / سرداری
Transliteration: sar / sardārī
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Headship and Head Covering
Original: κεφαλή
Category: Order in Worship
11:3 — the metaphorical ‘headship’ teaching must be carefully distinguished from generic regional patriarchal custom already present in both Muslim and Hindu family structures in Kashmir; anchor to the specific creation/Trinity-pattern argument, not treated as either blanket cultural patriarchy or dismissed as merely cultural.
Discerning The Body
Approved rendering: بدن پہچانٕن
Transliteration: badan pehchānun
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: διακρίνων τὸ σῶμα
Category: The Lord’s Supper
11:29 — unique NT idiom with no ready Kashmiri equivalent; requires full explanatory teaching of the seriousness with which the Supper should be approached, not a one-word gloss.
Body Of Christ Members
Approved rendering: مسیحُک بدن / اندام
Transliteration: Masīḥuk badan / andām
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: σῶμα Χριστοῦ / μέλη
Category: Church
12:12-27 — this chapter’s central organic, personal-union metaphor must not be confused with a Trika-style dissolution of individual identity into an undivided whole; believers remain distinct persons united to Christ and each other.
Tongues
Approved rendering: روحانی زبانہ
Transliteration: rūḥānī zabānah
Doctrine: Tongues, Interpretation, and Prophecy in the Church
Original: γλῶσσαι
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:10,28,30; 13:1; 14:1-40 — must be clearly distinguished from spirit-possession trance phenomena in regional folk religious practice (jinn-possession exorcism rites, oracular deity-possession); this is a Spirit-given gift exercised in full self-control (14:32), not involuntary possession.
Healing Miracles
Approved rendering: شفا ہنٛز نعمت
Transliteration: shifā hanz naʿmat
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and the Body of Christ
Original: χαρίσματα ἰαμάτων / ἐνεργήματα δυνάμεων
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:9-10,28 — distinct from کرامت, a wali’s individually attributed miraculous charism in the Rishi Sufi tradition; distributed for the church’s common good, not an individual sainthood marker.
Women Keep Silent
Approved rendering: زَنانہ کلیسیایَن منٛز خاموش رٟزُن (context-dependent descriptive phrase — never render as an isolated absolute rule)
Transliteration: zanānah kalīsiyan manz khāmosh razun
Doctrine: Order in Worship: Women in the Gathered Assembly
Original: αἱ γυναῖκες ἐν ταῖς ἐκκλησίαις σιγάτωσαν
Category: Order in Worship
14:34-35 — must be translated and taught in full canonical context alongside 11:5 (which assumes women praying and prophesying in the gathering), so the rendering does not appear to create an internal contradiction nor simply reinforce existing regional patriarchal custom without theological grounding. Requires joint native speaker and theologian review.
Adam Last Adam
Approved rendering: آدم / پَتمُت آدم
Transliteration: Ādam / patmut Ādam
Doctrine: Adam-Christ Federal Headship Typology
Original: Ἀδάμ / ὁ ἔσχατος Ἀδάμ
Category: Eschatology
15:21-22,45-49 — shared proper name is not shared theology: mainstream Islamic tradition regards Adam as the first prophet whose personal sin does not federally implicate all humanity in guilt; Kashmir Shaivism’s monism has no fall narrative or federal-headship category at all. Cross-reference the Romans baseline’s universal_human_accountability doctrine.
Delivered Received Tradition
Approved rendering: دِنہ تہٕ حاصل کرنہ
Transliteration: dinah tā hāsil karnah
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Deposit
Original: παρέδωκα / παρέλαβον
Category: Eschatology
15:1,3; also 11:23 — this transmission language parallels both rabbinic tradition-chains and the Islamic isnad (chain of transmission validating a hadith), a genuine point of contact; use as a bridge while stressing the content is fixed apostolic eyewitness testimony, not an open oral chain subject to later editorial reshaping.
Buried
Approved rendering: دفن کرنہ گیہ
Transliteration: dafn karnah gyi
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἐτάφη
Category: Eschatology
15:4 — matters specifically because mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 holds Jesus was not actually killed at all; an actual burial presupposes an actual death, directly countering that reading. Should not be softened or abbreviated.
Fallen Asleep
Approved rendering: نِنٕدرٕ گٔیہ
Transliteration: nindri gyi
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: ἐκοιμήθησαν / κεκοιμημένοι
Category: Eschatology
15:6,18,20 — a NT euphemism for believers’ death, implying a temporary state pending bodily resurrection, not annihilation; must not be heard as compatible with reincarnation/rebirth cycles nor a vague ‘soul survives, body irrelevant’ reading.
In Vain
Approved rendering: خالی
Transliteration: khālī
Doctrine: Christ-Centered, Grace-Grounded Ministry
Original: κενή
Category: Salvation
15:10, ‘his grace toward me was not in vain/empty’ — care is needed so this is not read as reintroducing a deeds-weighing framework (grace ‘proven real’ by works); the fruit described is grace’s own effect, not grace’s precondition.
Preach Proclaim
Approved rendering: منادی کران
Transliteration: munādī karān
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Deposit
Original: κηρύσσω
Category: Church
15:11 — reuses the root from the Romans baseline’s mission entry (انجیلہ ہنٛز منادی); frame as gentle, authoritative proclamation per the baseline’s sensitivity guidance, not confrontational rhetoric.
Believed In Vain
Approved rendering: بے فائدہ ایمان آنہ
Transliteration: bē fā’idah īmān ānun
Doctrine: Faith
15:2 — must be read carefully so as not to imply that ایمان itself is generically deficient; the emptiness in view is belief cut off from the specific historical facts listed in 15:3-8, not faith in general.
According To Scriptures
Approved rendering: صحیفن مطابق
Transliteration: saḥīfan muṭābiq
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
15:3-4 — Christ’s death and resurrection fulfill prophetic Scripture; must be distinguished from the Islamic tahrif doctrine (that earlier scriptures were textually corrupted and superseded) and from Trika’s non-scriptural, guru-transmitted tradition — Paul appeals to a fixed, prior written text.
Medium Risk Terms
Church
Approved rendering: کلیسیا
Transliteration: kalīsiyā
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: مسجد (mosque, never use), مندر (temple, never use)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Must remain clearly distinct from ہیکل (the individual body/local church as temple, 3:16, 6:19) in addition to مسجد and مندر.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: روحانی نعمتہ
Transliteration: rūḥānī ni’amat
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: کرامت (a Sufi saint’s miraculous gift/charism, avoid as the primary term)
Original: χαρίσματα
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] Chapter 12’s systematic treatment increases the stakes of the existing fence against کرامت, but does not change the term.
Peace
Approved rendering: امن
Transliteration: amn
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied in 1 Corinthians 14:33 to God’s own character (‘not a God of confusion but of peace’), grounding orderly worship; same regional political sensitivity as the Romans baseline applies given Kashmir’s decades-long conflict.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: پیشن گوئی
Transliteration: pēshan go’ī
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package.] In 1 Corinthians the functional center shifts to prophecy as a present, orderly, church-edifying spiritual gift (12:10, 13:2,8-9, 14:1-40), still distinct from astrology or trance-based folk prediction.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: خُدایُک بادشاہت
Transliteration: Khudāyuk bādshāhat
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied in 1 Corinthians 4:20, 6:9-10, 15:24,50; distinguish from any territorial-political framing given Kashmir’s contested-sovereignty history.
Covenant
Approved rendering: عہد
Transliteration: ‘ahd
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
[Inherited from Romans package.] Applied specifically in 1 Corinthians 11:25, ‘the new covenant in my blood,’ anchoring the Lord’s Supper doctrine to the fixed atoning-death event.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: غیر-قوم
Transliteration: ghair-qaum
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used in 1 Corinthians 1:23, 12:2, contrasting Jew and Greek/Gentile responses to the cross.
Israel
Approved rendering: اسرائیل
Transliteration: Isrā’īl
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
[Inherited from Romans package.] Used in 1 Corinthians 10:1,18 (‘Israel after the flesh’) for the wilderness-generation typology of chapter 10; the same modern-nation-state name-sensitivity note applies.
Boasting
Approved rendering: فخر
Transliteration: fakhr
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: καύχησις / καυχάομαι
Category: Cross and Wisdom
1:29,31; 3:21; 4:7 — self-congratulation excluded on any merit basis, redirected wholly to boasting in the Lord.
Rulers Of This Age
Approved rendering: دُنیایُک حاکم
Transliteration: dunyāyuk hākim
Doctrine: The Cross as Wisdom and Power
Original: ἄρχοντες τοῦ αἰῶνος τούτου
Category: Cross and Wisdom
2:6,8 — keep the ambiguity (human and/or spiritual authority) intact rather than resolving it artificially in translation.
Foundation
Approved rendering: بنیاد
Transliteration: bunyād
Doctrine: Faithful Stewardship and Future Judgment of Ministry
Original: θεμέλιος
Category: Church
3:10-15 — Christ alone as the church’s foundation.
Stewards
Approved rendering: امانتدار
Transliteration: amānatdār
Doctrine: Faithful Stewardship and Future Judgment of Ministry
Original: οἰκονόμοι
Category: Church
4:1-2 — conveys entrusted accountability, not ownership or independent authority.
Reward
Approved rendering: اجر
Transliteration: ajr
Doctrine: Faithful Stewardship and Future Judgment of Ministry
Original: μισθός
Category: Church Discipline
اجر is a standard Islamic term for heavenly reward for righteous deeds (3:8,14; 9:17-18); here it must be anchored to grace-enabled faithful service tested by the Lord, not an independent merit-accumulation system.
Leaven
Approved rendering: خمیر
Transliteration: khamīr
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: ζύμη
Category: Sanctification
5:6-8 — figurative for corrupting sin spreading through a community; requires a brief Passover-background note since the association is otherwise unfamiliar.
Virgin
Approved rendering: دوشیزہ
Transliteration: doshīzah
Doctrine: Marriage and Singleness
Original: παρθένος
Category: Marriage and Singleness
7:25-38 — standard vocabulary, Paul’s specific pastoral counsel.
Stumbling Block
Approved rendering: ٹھوکر
Transliteration: ṭhokar
Doctrine: Christian Liberty and Idol Meat
Original: πρόσκομμα
Category: Christian Liberty
8:9,13 — standard vocabulary, no major doctrinal collision.
Spiritual Food Drink
Approved rendering: روحانی خوراک / روحانی مشروب
Transliteration: rūḥānī khorāk / rūḥānī mashrūb
Doctrine: Typological Fulfillment: Christ as Rock and Passover Lamb
Original: πνευματικὸν βρῶμα / πνευματικὸν πόμα
Category: The Lord’s Supper
10:3-4 — requires Exodus wilderness-narrative background largely unfamiliar across all reader groups given this curriculum’s low-OT-literacy assumption.
Traditions
Approved rendering: روایات
Transliteration: riwāyāt
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Deposit
Original: παραδόσεις
Category: Order in Worship
11:2 — note the resonance with Islamic riwāyah (transmitted hadith tradition) as a point of contact, while clarifying Paul’s traditions here are fixed apostolic teaching, not an evolving legal-scholarly corpus.
Remembrance
Approved rendering: یاد
Transliteration: yād
Doctrine: The Lord’s Supper
Original: ἀνάμνησις
Category: The Lord’s Supper
11:24-25 — standard vocabulary, the stated purpose of the Supper.
Interpretation
Approved rendering: ترجمہ
Transliteration: tarjumah
Doctrine: Tongues, Interpretation, and Prophecy in the Church
Rejected alternatives: تفسیر (the specific Islamic term for scholarly Quranic exegesis, avoid, since this gift is the simple rendering of an unknown tongue, not authoritative scriptural commentary)
Original: ἑρμηνεία / διερμηνεύω
Category: Spiritual Gifts
12:10,30; 14:5,13,26-28 — deliberately preferred over تفسیر.
Edification
Approved rendering: بناوُن
Transliteration: banāwun
Doctrine: Tongues, Interpretation, and Prophecy in the Church
Original: οἰκοδομή / οἰκοδομέω
Category: Order in Worship
14:3-5,12,17,26 — connects to the Romans baseline’s mutual_edification doctrine (ہمگام ترقی); all public gifts must serve the whole church’s growth, not individual display.
Decently And In Order
Approved rendering: نظم و ضبط سٟتی
Transliteration: nazm o zabt sæti
Doctrine: Order in Worship
Original: εὐσχημόνως καὶ κατὰ τάξιν
Category: Order in Worship
14:40 — summary principle for the whole chapter’s teaching on order; standard vocabulary.
Perishable Imperishable
Approved rendering: فانی / غیر فانی
Transliteration: fānī / ghair fānī
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Believers
Original: φθαρτός / ἄφθαρτος
Category: Eschatology
15:42,50,53-54 — standard Persian/Arabic vocabulary pair.
Victory Sting Of Death
Approved rendering: فتح / ڈنکھ
Transliteration: fatḥ / ḍankh
Doctrine: Assurance of Salvation
Original: νῖκος / κέντρον
Category: Eschatology
15:54-57 — standard vocabulary; connects to the Romans baseline’s assurance_of_salvation doctrine.
The Collection
Approved rendering: چندہ
Transliteration: chandah
Doctrine: The Collection for the Saints
Original: λογεία
Category: Church
16:1-2 — standard vocabulary already used in regional charitable contexts; must be distinguished from zakāt’s obligatory, formally calculated almsgiving framework — this is a voluntary, love-motivated gift.
Maranatha
Approved rendering: مارانا تھا
Transliteration: Māranā thā
Doctrine: Closing Christian Fellowship and Greeting
Original: μαράνα θά
Category: Eschatology
16:22 — transliterated and preserved untranslated, following the same pattern established for ابّا (Abba) in the Romans baseline; requires a brief accompanying gloss (‘our Lord, come’).
Holy Kiss
Approved rendering: پاک بوس
Transliteration: pāk bos
Doctrine: Closing Christian Fellowship and Greeting
Original: φίλημα ἅγιον
Category: Church
16:20 — built on REUSE پاک (holy); a sacred, familial greeting of belonging within the church, not a romantic gesture; culturally appropriate greeting-gesture substitution is acceptable in practice provided the ‘holy, familial affection’ meaning is preserved.
Untimely Born
Approved rendering: وقتہ برونٹھ پؠدا ژٕ منش
Transliteration: waqtah bronṭh pyidā zi manush
Doctrine: Apostleship (Paul’s Office and Calling)
Original: ἔκτρωμα
Category: Church
15:8 — Paul’s self-deprecating image of unexpected, unearned inclusion; no natural Kashmiri equivalent exists, so a literal rendering risks sounding merely clinical. Must preserve the humility/grace force of the image and may require a brief explanatory gloss.
Persecuted
Approved rendering: ستٲنہ
Transliteration: satānah
Doctrine: Apostleship (Paul’s Office and Calling)
Original: ἐδίωξα
Category: Church
15:9 — Paul’s pre-conversion hostility toward the church, heightening the grace of his calling; standard vocabulary.
Labored
Approved rendering: محنت کرنہ
Transliteration: meḥnat karnah
Doctrine: Christ-Centered, Grace-Grounded Ministry
Original: ἐκοπίασα
Category: Salvation
15:10 — standard vocabulary for Paul’s toilsome ministry labor, itself credited to grace’s ongoing accompanying work.
Cephas
Approved rendering: کیفا
Transliteration: Kaifā
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony to the Resurrection
15:5 — Aramaic name for Simon Peter; a translator’s note should clarify this is the same person elsewhere called پطرس (Peter) in the Gospels, so readers do not mistake two names for two people.
The Twelve
Approved rendering: بارٕ رسول
Transliteration: bāreh rasūl
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony to the Resurrection
15:5 — built on REUSE رسول; here it functions as a specific bounded office-title, distinct from the wider apostolic circle named in 15:7 (‘all the apostles’); preserve this distinction rather than flattening the two groups.
James
Approved rendering: یعقوب
Transliteration: Yaʿqūb
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony to the Resurrection
15:7 — shares its root with the Quranic patriarch Yaʿqūb (Jacob); a translator’s note is required to clarify this is a different individual, James the Lord’s brother, not the patriarch.
Five Hundred Brothers
Approved rendering: پانژہ سٔو زیادٕ ٲکھ وقتہ
Transliteration: pānzah sau zyādi ækh waqtah
Doctrine: Apostolic Eyewitness Testimony to the Resurrection
15:6 — retain the specific, checkable-testimony force (‘most of whom are still alive’) rather than a vague rendering like ‘many people.‘
Of First Importance
Approved rendering: سَبنٕ زیادٕ اہمیتہ ہنٛز
Transliteration: sabani zyādi ahmiyat hanz
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Deposit
15:3 — marks what follows as the non-negotiable core of the gospel.
Hold Fast
Approved rendering: مضبوطی سٟتی تھاوُن
Transliteration: mazbūtī sæti thāwun
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Deposit
15:2 — continuing belief in the specific gospel content already received; descriptive, no major collision.
Third Day
Approved rendering: ترٛیُم دۄہ
Transliteration: tréyum doh
Doctrine: The Resurrection of Christ
15:4 — a specific, checkable, historical timing marker, part of the same historical-specificity cluster as buried and appeared; worth flagging pedagogically alongside those terms even though linguistically straightforward.
Low Risk Terms
Fellowship
Approved rendering: رفاقت
Transliteration: rifāqat
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Original: κοινωνία
Category: Church
[Inherited from Romans package.] In 1 Corinthians 10:16 the participatory sense intensifies toward the Lord’s Supper doctrine and should be treated as High risk in that specific context rather than generic low-risk fellowship.
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: شکر
Transliteration: shukur
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith
[Inherited from Romans package.] Standard in 1 Corinthians 1:4, 14:16-18. Genuine positive resonance with Islamic gratitude-to-Allah devotion, a point of contact, not a risk.
Hope
Approved rendering: اُمید
Transliteration: umīd
Doctrine: Love as the Greater Way
Original: ἐλπίς
Category: Faith
13:13 — standard vocabulary, listed alongside faith and love as what abides.
Stand Firm
Approved rendering: قٲیم چھِوی
Transliteration: qāyim chhivi
Doctrine: The Gospel as a Fixed Apostolic Deposit
15:1 — the gospel is the ground the Corinthians’ faith currently rests on; no special doctrine collision.
Referenced passages