Passage
Romans 1
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Glossary Term
Apostle
CRITICAL: رسول, though the standard existing Bible-translation term for 'apostle,' is also the Arabic-derived title reserved in mainstream Islamic usage for Muhammad specifically ('Rasūlullāh,' the Messenger of God) and, in Quranic usage, for a small set of major prophet-messengers.
ROM.1.1
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Doctrine
Apostleship
CRITICAL: رسول is the Arabic-derived title reserved in mainstream Islamic usage for Muhammad ('Rasulullah') and a small set of major prophet-messengers; applying it to Paul without explicit definition risks implying Paul holds Muhammad's specific prophetic office rather than a distinct New Testament sent-ministry role.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form for the act/state of being called, kept structurally parallel to سَدہ گیہ (called).
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Doctrine
Christian Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ; not merely social or communal association.
ROM.1.12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
عہد (an Arabic-derived term for covenant/promise) is used in existing regional Bible-translation titles (e.g.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
David
Standard proper-name form, shared in root with the Quranic Dawud; the biblical covenant narrative behind David's significance in Romans differs from the Quranic Dawud narrative and should be explained rather than assumed shared.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Requires explicit Old Testament background teaching; the Quranic Dawud narrative does not carry the same royal-covenant significance and should not be assumed as shared background.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: full, co-equal divine nature; directly contradicts mainstream Islamic Tawhid doctrine and must be taught plainly rather than softened into 'a great prophet' or 'a specially favored teacher.'
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's sovereign call must be distinguished from قسمت (fate/taqdir) in Islamic thought and from Trika's framing of spiritual awakening as self-recognition rather than an external relational summons.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7
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Glossary Term
Exhort
Context-sensitive: use منٛزبولی-adjacent pleading language for entreaty; حوصلہ دِنہ (encourage/strengthen) for edification contexts.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Faith
Personal trust in Christ specifically; iman by Islamic default names confessional submission to Allah and his messengers as a system, not necessarily trust in a specific atoning mediator.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Faith
ایمان (a core Arabic-derived Islamic theological term, one of the pillars of Islamic religious vocabulary) must have its object made explicit -- personal trust in Christ specifically -- since by Islamic default ایمان names confessional submission to Allah and his messengers as a system, not necessarily personal trust in a specific mediator's atoning work.
ROM.1.17
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Glossary Term
Fellowship
Shared participation in Christ; رفاقت conveys purposeful companionship better than a generic word for friendship.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Fulfillment of Prophecy
Linear, historical fulfillment (Old Testament promise to New Testament fulfillment in Christ), not the Quranic prophetology model of each revelation superseding the last.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Glory
جلال (an Arabic-derived term for majesty/glory, one of the traditional divine attributes in Islamic theology, Jalal) conveys God's radiant honor well, but should be explicitly anchored to Christ's own self-existent glory rather than left as a free-floating divine-attribute word.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
God
خُدا (a Persian-derived term) is the universal term for God across both Muslim and Christian Kashmiri speakers, with no viable alternative and no competing polytheistic default sense for Muslim readers.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Gospel
Injil is shared Quranic vocabulary understood by mainstream Islamic teaching as a scripture given to Isa and later corrupted (tahrif); this curriculum must present the actual content of the New Testament gospel rather than assume the shared word carries it.
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Gospel
انجیل (Injil, from Arabic al-Injil) is the term used in existing Kashmiri Bible-translation work and shared with Quranic vocabulary, where it names a scripture given to Isa that mainstream Islamic teaching holds was later corrupted (tahrif).
ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Humanity of Christ
Christ's real, full humanity must not be diluted into a temporary, non-dualistic self-manifestation of undivided consciousness as Trika philosophy might suggest.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Incarnation
CRITICAL: for Muslim-background readers this is shirk (blasphemous association) in mainstream Islamic theology and must be taught into directly, not softened.
ROM.1.3
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Glossary Term
Incarnation
CRITICAL: a descriptive compound ('God came in human form') stands in for a single fixed term, since no crystallized incarnation-vocabulary exists in currently available Kashmiri Christian literature.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Inspiration of Scripture
Distinguish God-breathed, uncorrupted Scripture from the Islamic tahrif doctrine (that earlier scriptures including the Injil were textually corrupted and superseded by the Quran) and from Trika's non-scriptural, guru-transmitted philosophical tradition.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Jesus
CRITICAL: یِسوع follows existing Kashmiri and regional Urdu Christian Bible-translation convention.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Justification
CRITICAL: a compound phrase is required to carry the forensic, once-for-all legal-declaration sense; must never be abbreviated to mere معافی (forgiveness), which loses the 'declared righteous' dimension central to Romans 4.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Law
شریعت (an Arabic loanword sharing its root with Islamic Sharia) is the standard term for the Mosaic Law/Torah and law generally.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Lord
CRITICAL: خُداوند (a Persian-rooted compound, 'possessor of Khuda/God,' attested in regional Christian Bible translation) conveys exclusive, supreme Lordship.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Lordship of Christ
CRITICAL: exclusive, supreme Lordship.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: مسیح is transliterated directly from Arabic, shared with the Quranic title for Isa (al-Masih).
ROM.1.3-4
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: Masih is shared Quranic vocabulary for Isa, but mainstream Islamic theology denies Christ's divinity, atoning death, and resurrection while still using the title.
ROM.1.3-4
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Glossary Term
Mission
'The proclamation of the Gospel.' Given the region's decades-long conflict and religious-communal sensitivity, this curriculum should frame evangelism as gentle proclamation and witness rather than confrontation.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mission to the Nations
Given the region's decades-long conflict and religious-communal sensitivity, frame evangelism as gentle proclamation and witness, not confrontation.
ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14
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Doctrine
Mutual Edification
Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.
ROM.1.12
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Doctrine
Obedience of Faith
Obedience that flows from faith, not rule-compliance with a comprehensive religious law-code, given the prominence of Sharia-observance in regional Islamic practice.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Obedience Of Faith
Romans 1:5 and 16:26.
ROM.1.5
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Glossary Term
Power Of God
قوت is preferred as the primary term; شکتی carries strong, specific philosophical weight in Kashmir Shaivism (the dynamic self-expressive power of Shiva-consciousness) that should not be casually borrowed as a synonym for God's saving power in Romans 1:16.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Power of God for Salvation
قوت required; avoid شکتی, which carries specific philosophical weight in Kashmir Shaivism as Shiva-consciousness's dynamic self-expressive power.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Prophecy
A standard descriptive term for prophetic declaration; distinct from astrology or folk fortune-telling.
ROM.1.2-4
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Glossary Term
Prophet
پیغمبر (Persian loanword) is standard and shared with Islamic usage for both Old Testament and Quranic prophetic figures -- a genuine point of contact requiring care that readers do not assume OT prophets fit a Quranic prophetology (each superseding the last with a new revealed book) rather than a unified, progressively unfolding covenant history.
ROM.1.2
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Glossary Term
Resurrection
CRITICAL: a descriptive phrase ('coming back to life from the dead') is required rather than a single technical term.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Resurrection of Christ
CRITICAL: mainstream Sunni interpretation of Quran 4:157 holds Jesus was not crucified at all ('it was made to appear so'), directly denying the historical event Romans 1:4 and 4:25 depend on -- a doctrine many Kashmiri Muslim readers will know explicitly.
ROM.1.4
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Glossary Term
Righteousness
CRITICAL: راستبازی ('uprightness,' a Persian-rooted compound) must be taught as right standing before God received through faith, not تقویٰ, the Islamic virtue of God-consciousness cultivated through disciplined religious practice and moral effort.
ROM.1.16
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Doctrine
Sainthood (Called to be Holy)
All believers are saints corporately; wali (a venerated Sufi saint honored at a shrine in the Rishi tradition) names a specific elite religious status and must not substitute for the corporate biblical sense.
ROM.1.7
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Doctrine
Salvation
CRITICAL: for Muslim-background readers, mainstream Islamic soteriology weighs deeds against mercy for entry to paradise, with no atonement framework; for Trika-shaped Pandit readers, salvation-shaped language risks collapsing into pratyabhijna, the self-recognition of one's own innate divinity, an epistemic realization rather than rescue from objective guilt before a distinct personal God.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Salvation
CRITICAL: نجات (deliverance/rescue) is the best-attested general term, but the specific theological content behind it diverges sharply along both audience lines this Language Package addresses.
ROM.1.16
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; a descriptive phrase conveying physical lineage and Old Testament covenant fulfillment; requires explicit background teaching since the Quranic Dawud narrative does not carry the same royal-covenant significance.
ROM.1.3
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Doctrine
Separation unto God's Service
Must not be confused with the Sufi ascetic withdrawal practiced within the Rishi tradition, nor with Trika spiritual disciplines aimed at recognizing one's already-present purity.
ROM.1.1
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Glossary Term
Sin
گناہ (an Arabic/Persian-derived term shared with Islamic usage) is well established.
ROM.1.18
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Glossary Term
Son Of God
CRITICAL: full phrase required.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Sonship of Christ
CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship; directly contradicts Quran 112's denial that God begets or is begotten.
ROM.1.4
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Doctrine
Spiritual Gifts
Spirit-given enablements for the whole church; not karamat, the individual miraculous charism attributed to a wali in the Rishi Sufi tradition.
ROM.1.11
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Glossary Term
Spiritual Gifts
روحانی نعمتہ ('spiritual blessing/gift') must be kept distinct from کرامت, the miraculous charism attributed to a wali (Sufi saint) in the Kashmiri Rishi tradition -- Spirit-given gifts serve the whole church, they are not a mark of individual sainthood.
ROM.1.11
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Doctrine
Thanksgiving
Standard term, with genuine positive resonance with Islamic gratitude-to-Allah devotion.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Glossary Term
Thanksgiving
شکر (a widely shared Arabic-derived term for gratitude, prominent in Islamic devotional vocabulary as well) is standard.
ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21
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Doctrine
Universal Human Accountability
All humanity equally guilty before a personal, distinct God; retain universal language without softening, and note explicitly for Trika-shaped readers that this presupposes a real self-other distinction their own non-dualist framework does not grant by default.
ROM.1.18
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Doctrine
Universal Scope of the Gospel
No barrier of religious community, sect, or philosophical tradition to the gospel; retain unqualified universality across both the Muslim-majority and Pandit-minority audiences this Language Package addresses.
ROM.1.16