Apostle

CRITICAL: رسول, though the standard existing Bible-translation term for ‘apostle,’ is also the Arabic-derived title reserved in mainstream Islamic usage for Muhammad specifically (‘Rasūlullāh,’ the Messenger of God) and, in Quranic usage, for a small set of major prophet-messengers. Using it for Paul risks either implying Paul holds Muhammad’s specific prophetic office, or diluting the term’s weight; this curriculum must state plainly, at first use, that ‘apostle’ here names a distinct New Testament office of authorized, sent ministry rather than claiming Muhammad’s title for Paul.