Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  CRITICAL: رسول, though the standard existing Bible-translation term for 'apostle,' is also the Arabic-derived title reserved in mainstream Islamic usage for Muhammad specifically ('Rasūlullāh,' the Messenger of God) and, in Quranic usage, for a small set of major prophet-messengers.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  CRITICAL: رسول is the Arabic-derived title reserved in mainstream Islamic usage for Muhammad ('Rasulullah') and a small set of major prophet-messengers; applying it to Paul without explicit definition risks implying Paul holds Muhammad's specific prophetic office rather than a distinct New Testament sent-ministry role.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called; not qismat/taqdir (impersonal predetermination) and not Trika's self-recognition framework.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  God's sovereign, personal choice; قسمت (fate, echoing taqdir, divine predetermination) is a legitimate parallel concept in Islamic theology but should be introduced only with explicit definition, since Romans 9's election is personal and relational, not the more impersonal predetermination associations قسمت can carry.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  Non-Jewish peoples; a descriptive rendering built on قوم (people/nation), a term already familiar from regional political and religious discourse.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Must be distinguished from mainstream Islamic deeds-weighing mercy AND from Kashmir Shaivism's shaktipat (the awakening of divinity already dormant within a person) -- two distinct wrong frames, not one.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: فضل (an Arabic-derived term for favor/grace, attested in Islamic vocabulary) must be explicitly taught as unearned favor apart from human merit, guarding against two distinct wrong frames at once.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Standard proper name; note the modern nation-state of Israel shares this name, so context should clarify when the biblical people/covenant referent, not the contemporary state, is meant -- a distinction of particular sensitivity given regional geopolitics.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: a compound phrase is required to carry the forensic, once-for-all legal-declaration sense; must never be abbreviated to mere معافی (forgiveness), which loses the 'declared righteous' dimension central to Romans 4.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; qismat/taqdir (fate/predetermination) is a live Islamic theological concept more impersonally fatalistic than Romans 8:28's relational confidence and should be introduced only with explicit contrast.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; قسمت (fate, taqdir) is a live Islamic theological concept of divine predetermination that is more impersonally fatalistic than Romans 8:28's relational confidence and should be introduced only with explicit contrast.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: راستبازی ('uprightness,' a Persian-rooted compound) must be taught as right standing before God received through faith, not تقویٰ, the Islamic virtue of God-consciousness cultivated through disciplined religious practice and moral effort.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: for Muslim-background readers, mainstream Islamic soteriology weighs deeds against mercy for entry to paradise, with no atonement framework; for Trika-shaped Pandit readers, salvation-shaped language risks collapsing into pratyabhijna, the self-recognition of one's own innate divinity, an epistemic realization rather than rescue from objective guilt before a distinct personal God.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: نجات (deliverance/rescue) is the best-attested general term, but the specific theological content behind it diverges sharply along both audience lines this Language Package addresses.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Must be taught with theological clarity rather than mapped onto the region's own communal history, which addresses a different (political/social) kind of division from the one Romans is resolving.

  ROM.11.17-24