Passage

Romans 1

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established, unambiguous term across all Spanish Christian traditions.

  ROM.1.1

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Apóstol is unambiguous and consistent across Spanish Christian traditions; minor risk of reducing it to generic 'religious teacher.'

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Called

  Context-sensitive: Romans 1:1 (called to apostleship), 1:7 (called to be saints), 8:28-30 (effectual calling to salvation).

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Calling

  CAUTION: 'vocación' in Catholic-majority Spanish-speaking culture is strongly associated with a call to the priesthood or consecrated religious life ('tiene vocación religiosa'), not the general call of every believer.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Doctrine

  Christian Fellowship

  Shared participation in Christ; avoid conflating with the specific Catholic creedal phrase 'la comunión de los santos.'

  ROM.1.12

• Glossary Term

  Covenant

  Reina-Valera tradition favors 'pacto'; Catholic Bibles (Biblia de Jerusalén, Latinoamericana) favor 'alianza.' This Language Package standardizes on 'pacto' for this curriculum's Protestant/Evangelical-leaning audience but recognizes 'alianza' as a valid Catholic-tradition synonym in ecumenical settings.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  David

  Standard proper name.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Davidic Covenant

  Requires explicit Old Testament background (2 Samuel 7); no analogous concept assumed in general Hispanic culture.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Deity of Christ

  CRITICAL: co-equal divine nature; must not be softened to 'a divine man' or 'the greatest of the saints.' Shared orthodox ground with Catholic doctrine, but popular piety's heavy emphasis on saintly and Marian intermediaries can blur Christ's unique divine status if not taught with care.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Divine Calling

  God's sovereign call to every believer must be distinguished from the narrow Catholic-culture sense of 'vocación' as a call to priesthood or religious life.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.6-7

• Glossary Term

  Exhort

  Standard term; context determines whether it leans toward earnest appeal or encouragement.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ, not inherited cultural religiosity ('nací católico/cristiano') or devotional loyalty to a saint or the Virgin.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Faith

  Personal trust in Christ specifically, not the inherited cultural religiosity ('soy católico/cristiano de nacimiento') common in nominally Christian Spanish-speaking contexts, and not devotional loyalty to a saint or the Virgin.

  ROM.1.17

• Glossary Term

  Fellowship

  Use 'compañerismo' or contextual 'comunión' (shared participation) for Romans' general fellowship sense; avoid conflating with the specific Catholic creedal phrase 'la comunión de los santos.'

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Fulfillment of Prophecy

  Linear historical fulfillment (Old Testament to New Testament); low syncretism risk in Hispanic Christian culture, but requires OT background many nominal believers were never catechized in.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Glory

  God's radiant honor and presence; standard usage with no significant rival meaning.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  God

  Universally standard; unlike Hindi there is no rival deity-name confusion in mainstream Hispanic Christian usage.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Gospel

  Must be distinguished from a generic inspirational message; the gospel is the specific proclamation of salvation through Christ crucified and risen, not a vague 'buenas nuevas.'

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Gospel

  Evangelio is the universal Spanish Christian term shared by Protestant and Catholic Bibles alike.

  ROM.1.1, ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Humanity of Christ

  Real physical human nature; low risk in Hispanic Christian culture, which does not carry a maya/illusion framework, but should still be taught explicitly alongside deity of Christ to avoid docetic drift.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Incarnation

  The term 'encarnación' itself is unambiguous and shared across Catholic and Protestant Spanish Bibles; the risk is catechetical, since many nominal Catholics narrow it to the Christmas nativity rather than the eternal Son's permanent assumption of human nature.

  ROM.1.3

• Glossary Term

  Incarnation

  Standard, unambiguous term shared by Catholic and Protestant Spanish traditions.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Inspiration of Scripture

  Distinguish Scripture's unique divine inspiration from the broader Catholic framework in which Sacred Tradition and Magisterial teaching are held alongside Scripture as authoritative; this curriculum treats Scripture's own inspiration and authority on its own terms.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Jesus

  Universally standard across all Spanish Bible traditions; no variant-form risk.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: the historical Reformation-Trent fault line.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Law

  The Mosaic law/Torah; standard and unambiguous across Spanish Bible traditions.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Lord

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9, 'Jesús es el Señor,' is the salvation confession.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Lordship of Christ

  CRITICAL: Romans 10:9, 'Jesús es el Señor,' is the salvation confession.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Messiah

  CRITICAL: the unique, Old Testament-promised Anointed One fulfilled exclusively in Jesus, not one exalted figure among the many holy intercessors venerated in popular piety.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Doctrine

  Messianic Promise

  CRITICAL: the Messiah is the unique fulfillment of a specific Old Testament promise in Jesus alone, not one exalted holy figure among the many saints and intercessors venerated in popular piety.

  ROM.1.3-4

• Glossary Term

  Mission

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mission to the Nations

  'Misión' carries a mild historical association with the Spanish colonial mission system in the Americas; a brief contextual note is useful, though the term itself is standard and not rejected.

  ROM.1.5, ROM.1.13-14

• Doctrine

  Mutual Edification

  Building one another up in faith; no significant doctrinal risk.

  ROM.1.12

• Doctrine

  Obedience of Faith

  Obedience flowing from faith, not compliance with ecclesial precepts, holy days of obligation, or canon law, which can become the default referent of 'obediencia religiosa' in Catholic-majority contexts.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Obedience Of Faith

  Romans 1:5 and 16:26.

  ROM.1.5

• Glossary Term

  Power Of God

  Standard, unambiguous rendering.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Power of God for Salvation

  Standard, unambiguous rendering; no rival term to reject.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Prophecy

  God-inspired declaration, not astrology or esoteric prediction.

  ROM.1.2-4

• Glossary Term

  Prophet

  God's spokesperson; distinguish from a fortune-teller or new-age 'vidente,' both common in Hispanic popular culture.

  ROM.1.2

• Glossary Term

  Resurrection

  No confusion in mainstream Hispanic Catholic usage, but Caribbean and Afro-Caribbean contexts with active Espiritismo (Kardecist spiritism) and Santería, which teach the return or reincarnation of spirits, create a live syncretism risk.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Resurrection of Christ

  CRITICAL: bodily, historical, once-for-all resurrection.

  ROM.1.4

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: justicia de Dios in Romans is a right standing granted by God through faith, not self-achieved moral rectitude.

  ROM.1.16

• Doctrine

  Sainthood (Called to be Holy)

  CRITICAL: every believer is called 'santo' in Romans 1:7; in mainstream Catholic popular piety 'los santos' overwhelmingly denotes canonized figures venerated and petitioned for intercession.

  ROM.1.7

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: reconciliation with a personal God received by faith, not a lifelong, uncertain outcome secured through sacraments, penance, and saintly or Marian intercession, as folk Catholic piety in much of Latin America can imply.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: unlike Hindi, there is no false-cognate word to reject here, but Latin American folk Catholic piety commonly treats salvación as a lifelong, uncertain outcome secured through sacraments, penance, and the intercession of saints and the Virgin.

  ROM.1.16

• Glossary Term

  Seed Of David

  Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and Old Testament covenant fulfillment.

  ROM.1.3

• Doctrine

  Separation unto God's Service

  Risk of conflation with the Catholic category of 'vida consagrada' (consecrated religious life) as a specially set-apart class, rather than the calling of every believer.

  ROM.1.1

• Glossary Term

  Sin

  Moral transgression before a personal God; avoid the softening euphemism 'falta,' which reduces sin's weight in casual usage.

  ROM.1.18

• Glossary Term

  Son Of God

  CRITICAL: full phrase required.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Sonship of Christ

  CRITICAL: eternal, unique Sonship, not the adoptive 'hijos de Dios' sense Romans 8 applies to believers.

  ROM.1.4

• Doctrine

  Spiritual Gifts

  Spirit-given enablements for the church, not merit-earned powers or the folk-healing 'dones' framework of curanderismo and Santería found in parts of Latin America and the Caribbean.

  ROM.1.11

• Glossary Term

  Spiritual Gifts

  In regions with active folk-healing or Afro-diasporic religious practice (curanderismo, Santería's initiatory gifts), 'poderes espirituales' risks being read through a spiritist or folk-healing lens.

  ROM.1.11

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term; minimal risk.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term.

  ROM.1.8, ROM.1.21

• Doctrine

  Universal Human Accountability

  All humanity equally guilty before God; retain universal, unqualified language rather than softening it toward relative degrees of guilt.

  ROM.1.18

• Doctrine

  Universal Scope of the Gospel

  No ethnic, national, or class barrier to the gospel; retain unqualified universal language rather than softening it for regional sensitivities.

  ROM.1.16