Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established, unambiguous term across all Spanish Christian traditions.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Apóstol is unambiguous and consistent across Spanish Christian traditions; minor risk of reducing it to generic 'religious teacher.'

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called; avoid collapsing into fatalistic vernacular notions of 'destino' or 'suerte.'

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  God's sovereign personal choice; avoid the fatalistic vernacular framing of 'destino' or 'suerte' common in everyday Hispanic speech, and avoid overstating into impersonal determinism.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  Standard term; avoid 'paganos,' which carries a derogatory charge in contemporary usage.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  Unmerited favor received by faith alone.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  Gracia is standard across all Spanish Bible traditions, but Catholic catechesis historically frames grace as infused and increased through sacramental cooperation and merit, while Reina-Valera (Reformation-descended) usage stresses unmerited favor received by faith alone.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Standard proper name.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: the historical Reformation-Trent fault line.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care; avoid the fatalistic vernacular framing of 'destino' or 'suerte' that Romans 8:28 is especially vulnerable to in casual translation.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive governance; avoid fatalistic 'destino/suerte' framing.

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: justicia de Dios in Romans is a right standing granted by God through faith, not self-achieved moral rectitude.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: reconciliation with a personal God received by faith, not a lifelong, uncertain outcome secured through sacraments, penance, and saintly or Marian intercession, as folk Catholic piety in much of Latin America can imply.

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: unlike Hindi, there is no false-cognate word to reject here, but Latin American folk Catholic piety commonly treats salvación as a lifelong, uncertain outcome secured through sacraments, penance, and the intercession of saints and the Virgin.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Must translate with full theological clarity; no direct caste analogue in Hispanic culture, but regional and racial hierarchies (particularly around indigenous and Afro-descendant communities in Latin America) make the 'no distinction' claim socially significant, not merely doctrinal.

  ROM.11.17-24