Passage
Romans 9
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved untranslated in Romans 8:15, as in the source text.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Adoption
Full legal-standing sonship with inheritance rights, not a lesser or symbolic status.
ROM.9.4
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
A legal-relational status change with full inheritance rights, carefully distinguished in teaching material from any claim that God has literal offspring, which tawhid forbids and which this doctrine does not assert.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form for the act/state of being called by God.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
Antlaşma (also used for 'Old/New Testament' as Eski/Yeni Antlaşma) is the established relational-covenant term.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
David
Established Turkish Bible proper name form; also recognizable from the Qur'anic Dawud, though the Qur'an presents him primarily as a prophet-king without the messianic covenant content Romans assumes.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
The Qur'an presents Dawud primarily as a prophet-king; the specific covenant promise of an eternal royal line fulfilled in the Messiah has no Islamic parallel and requires deliberate background teaching.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: The single most direct point of collision with tawhid (the oneness of God).
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's sovereign call must be distinguished from qadar-style impersonal fate and from a merely optional religious invitation (davet) one may accept or decline without consequence to God's purpose.
ROM.9.11-12
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign, personal call that secures the salvation of the called, distinguished from qadar-style impersonal predetermination or fatalism.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign, personal choice of individuals for salvation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Father
CRITICAL: Calling God 'Father' can register as anthropomorphic or as implying literal offspring, which tawhid explicitly forbids -- this makes 'Baba' one of the most relationally rich but potentially jarring terms in the whole package.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Glory
God's radiant honor and majesty.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
God
Tanrı is the term used consistently across modern Turkish Bible translations (Kitabı Mukaddes), functioning as the generic word for deity without directly invoking the specifically Qur'anic Allah in a Christian text.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: Mesih is transliterated and shared with the Qur'anic al-Masih title given to Isa, but the Qur'an empties the title of its Old-Testament content (anointed king-priest-savior fulfilling David's line) and treats it as an honorific with no salvific weight.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: The Qur'an grants Isa the title al-Masih but strips it of the OT king-priest-savior content Paul assumes.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; conveys physical lineage and fulfillment of the Davidic covenant promise, a background largely unfamiliar to readers without OT exposure.
ROM.9.5