Core Glossary
Core Glossary: Luke (Full Book)
This glossary catalogues every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, spanning Luke 1–24. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked Baseline (reuse exactly) and MUST use the identical Hebrew rendering recorded there. New terms specific to Luke are marked New (Luke Extension) and are proposed here for adoption into the Language Package’s extended translation memory, pending Phase 1 doctrinal review.
Risk tiers follow the baseline’s exact definitions: Critical (human theologian review, every occurrence), High (human theologian review), Medium (native speaker review), Low (automated review sufficient).
Core Passage Terms (Luke 4:16–21)
| English Term | Greek | Hebrew Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| synagogue | συναγωγή | בית הכנסת | beit ha-knesset | Low | Kingdom Present/Future (setting) | New | Standard, no collision |
| Sabbath | σάββατον | שבת | Shabbat | Low | — | New | No collision |
| to read (publicly) | ἀναγινώσκω | לקרוא | likro | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | New | Positive liturgical resonance |
| scroll/book | βιβλίον | ספר / מגילה | sefer / megillah | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | New | — |
| prophet | προφήτης | נביא | navi | Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | Baseline (reuse exactly) | — |
| written/Scripture-formula | γέγραμμένον | הכתוב | ha-katuv | Low | Inspiration of Scripture | New | — |
| Spirit of the Lord | Πνεῦμα Κυρίου | רוח אדני יהוה (direct Isaiah 61:1 quotation) | Ruach Adonai YHWH | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History; Messianic Promise | New | Do NOT substitute baseline’s generic רוח הקודש here; preserve the exact Isaiah citation |
| to anoint | χρίω | מָשַׁח | mashach | Critical | Messianic Promise | New | Etymological root of מָשִׁיחַ (baseline messiah term) — direct self-identification claim |
| to proclaim good news | εὐαγγελίζομαι | לבשר | levaser | High | Gospel; Good News to the Poor | New (verb form of baseline הבשורה) | Must retain “to the poor” qualifier |
| poor | πτωχός | עני / עניים | ani / aniyim | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | Direct Isaiah 61:1 citation; teach material + spiritual sense together |
| to send | ἀποστέλλω | שלח / שלוח | shalach / shaluach | Medium | Apostleship (root) | New (cognate of baseline שליח) | — |
| to proclaim/herald | κηρύσσω | לקרא | likro | Low-Medium | Fulfillment of Prophecy | New | Preserve Isaiah 61:1’s own verb |
| captive | αἰχμάλωτος | שבוי / שבויים | shavuy / shevuyim | Low-Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | Direct Isaiah 61:1 citation |
| release / forgiveness | ἄφεσις | דְּרוֹר (4:18, Jubilee sense) / סליחת חטאים (elsewhere, forgiveness sense) | deror / selichat chataim | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins; Kingdom Present/Future | New | CONTEXT-SENSITIVE dual rendering — must not default to one term across all occurrences |
| blind | τυφλός | עיוור / עיוורים | ivér / ivrim | Low | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | Literal + metaphorical double register |
| recovery of sight | ἀνάβλεψις | פְּקַח קוֹחַ (or פקיחת עיניים) | pekach-koach | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | Rare Masoretic hapax; translator’s note recommended |
| oppressed/bruised | τεθραυσμένος | רְצוּצִים | retzutzim | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | Direct Isaiah 58:6 citation; composite-quotation marker |
| the acceptable year of the Lord | ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός | שְׁנַת רָצוֹן לַיהוה | shnat ratzon la-Adonai | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future | New | Jubilee (Leviticus 25) background; “already/not yet” fulfillment claim must be taught explicitly |
| synagogue attendant | ὑπηρέτης | שַׁמָּש | shamash | Low | — | New | Positive cultural fit |
| today | σήμερον | הַיּוֹם | ha-yom | High | Kingdom Present/Future | New | Recurs at 2:11, 4:21, 19:9, 23:43 — MANDATORY cross-document consistency |
| to fulfill | πληρόω | נִתְקַיְּמָה / הִתְמַלְּאָה | nitkayemah / hitmal’ah | Critical | Fulfillment of Prophecy; Messianic Promise | New | Jesus’s own claim of self-fulfillment of Isaiah; two-comings framework required |
| Scripture (specific passage) | γραφή | הַכָּתוּב | ha-katuv | Medium | Inspiration of Scripture | New | Avoid הכתובים (= “the Writings,” canonical division) as substitute |
Chapter-by-Chapter New Terms (Chapters 1–24)
| English Term | Greek | Hebrew Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine | Status | Chapter(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| favored one / found favor | κεχαριτωμένη | (descriptive phrase, not bare חן) | — | Medium | Grace (distinct personal sense) | New | 1 |
| power of the Most High / overshadow | δύναμις Ὑψίστου / ἐπισκιάζω | תְּשַׁכֵּן עָלַיִךְ / תָּצֵל עֵלַיִךְ | teshaken alayikh / tatzel alayikh | Critical | Incarnation | New | 1 |
| Holy Spirit | Πνεῦμα Ἅγιον | רוח הקודש | Ruach HaKodesh | Critical | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 1, 3, 4, 11, 24 |
| Savior | σωτήρ | מוֹשִׁיעַ | moshia | Critical | Salvation; Savior for All Nations | New (root shared with baseline ישוע/ישועה) | 1, 2 |
| kingdom / throne of David | βασιλεία / θρόνος Δαβίδ | מלכות האלוהים / דוד | malchut ha-Elohim / David | Critical/High | Davidic Covenant; Messianic Promise | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 1 |
| humble estate | ταπείνωσις | שִׁפְלוּת / עֳנִי | shiflut / oni | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | 1 |
| mercy | ἔλεος | רַחֲמִים | rachamim | Medium | Grace (distinct from חסד) | New | 1 |
| shepherd | ποιμήν | רוֹעֶה / רוֹעִים | ro’eh / ro’im | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | 2 |
| glory | δόξα | כבוד | kavod | Medium | Deity of Christ | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 2 |
| good pleasure/favor | εὐδοκία | רָצוֹן | ratzon | Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | New | 2 |
| peace | εἰρήνη | שלום | shalom | Medium | Peace with God | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 2 |
| circumcision / purification | περιτομή / καθαρισμός | ברית מילה / טהרה | brit milah / taharah | Low-Medium | Humanity of Christ | New | 2 |
| redemption | λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις | גְּאוּלָה | ge’ulah | High | Salvation (corporate/national, distinct from ישועה) | New (per baseline’s existing note reserving ge’ulah) | 2, 21 |
| light for revelation to the Gentiles | φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν | אור לגילוי לגויים | or le-giluy la-goyim | High | Savior for All Nations | Baseline (goyim, reuse exactly) | 2 |
| repentance | μετάνοια / μετανοέω | תְּשׁוּבָה | teshuvah | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | New | 3, 5, 13, 15, 24 |
| forgiveness of sins | ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν | סְלִיחַת חֲטָאִים | selichat chataim | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | New | 1, 3, 17, 24 |
| fruit (of repentance) | καρπός | פְּרִי | peri | Low | Cost of Discipleship | New | 3 |
| baptism | βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω | טְבִילָה | tevilah | Medium | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | New | 3 |
| Son of God (genealogical/corporate sense) | υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ | בן האלוהים | ben ha-Elohim | Critical | Sonship of Christ (context-sensitive: Adam here ≠ Jesus’s unique sense) | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 3 |
| temptation/testing | πειρασμός / πειράζω | נִסָּיוֹן | nisayon | Medium | Cost of Discipleship | New | 4 |
| devil | διάβολος | הַשָּׁטָן | ha-Satan | Medium | — | New | 4 |
| authority | ἐξουσία | סַמְכוּת | samchut | Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | New | 4, 20 |
| demon | δαιμόνιον | שֵׁד / שֵׁדִים | shed / shedim | Medium-High | — | New | 4, 8 |
| disciple | μαθητής | תַּלְמִיד | talmid | High | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | New | 5 and throughout |
| to follow | ἀκολουθέω | לָלֶכֶת אַחֲרֵי | lalechet acharei | Low | Cost of Discipleship | New | 5 and throughout |
| tax collector | τελώνης | מוֹכֵס | mokhes | Medium-High | Table Fellowship with Sinners | New | 5, 19 |
| sinner | ἁμαρτωλός | חוֹטֵא / חוֹטְאִים | chote / chot’im | Medium | Table Fellowship with Sinners | New (root shared with baseline חטא) | 5, 7, 15 |
| blessed | μακάριος | אַשְׁרֵי | ashrei | High | Good News to the Poor; Kingdom Present/Future | New | 6 |
| woe | οὐαί | הוֹי | hoy | Low-Medium | Good News to the Poor | New | 6 |
| love | ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη | אַהֲבָה / לְאַהֵב | ahavah / le’ehov | Medium | Cost of Discipleship | New | 6 |
| merciful/compassionate | οἰκτίρμων | רַחוּם | rachum | Low-Medium | Jesus’ Compassion | New | 6 |
| centurion | ἑκατοντάρχης | שַׂר מֵאָה | sar me’ah | Medium | Savior for All Nations | New | 7 |
| faith | πίστις | אמונה | emunah | High | Faith | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 7 and throughout |
| parable | παραβολή | מָשָׁל | mashal | Medium | Kingdom of God | New | 8 and throughout |
| kingdom of God | βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ | מלכות האלוהים | malchut ha-Elohim | High | Kingdom of God Present and Future | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 8 and throughout |
| mystery | μυστήριον | רָז | raz | Medium | Kingdom of God | New | 8 |
| Christ of God | Χριστὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ | משיח האלוהים | Mashiach ha-Elohim | Critical | Messianic Promise | Baseline (משיח reuse exactly) | 9 |
| cross / to crucify | σταυρός / σταυρόω | צְלָב / לְהִצָּלֵב | tzlav / le’hitzalev | High | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | New | 9, 14, 23 |
| to deny oneself | ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν | לְהִתְכַּחֵשׁ לְעַצְמוֹ | le’hitkachesh le’atzmo | Medium | Cost of Discipleship | New | 9 |
| life/soul | ψυχή | נֶפֶשׁ | nefesh | Medium | Cost of Discipleship | New | 9 |
| neighbor | πλησίον | רֵעַ | rea | Critical | Savior for All People | New | 10 |
| Samaritan | Σαμαρίτης | שׁוֹמְרוֹנִי | Shomroni | High | Savior for All Nations and People | New | 10, 17 |
| compassion (visceral) | σπλαγχνίζομαι | הִתְמַלֵּא רַחֲמִים / נִכְמְרוּ רַחֲמָיו | hitmale rachamim / nikhmeru rachamav | Medium | Jesus’ Compassion | New | 10, 15 |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | חַיֵּי עוֹלָם | chayei olam | Medium | Salvation | New | 10 |
| prayer / to pray | προσευχή / προσεύχομαι | תְּפִלָּה / לְהִתְפַּלֵּל | tefillah / le’hitpalel | Low-Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | New | 11, 18, 22 |
| hallowed be your name | ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου | יִתְקַדֵּשׁ שְׁמֶךָ | yitkadash shemekha | Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | New | 11 |
| daily bread | ἄρτος ἐπιούσιος | לַחְמֵנוּ הַיּוֹם | lachmenu ha-yom | Medium-High | Prayer and Dependence on God | New | 11 |
| finger of God | δάκτυλος Θεοῦ | אֶצְבַּע אֱלֹהִים | etzba Elohim | Low-Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | New | 11 |
| Pharisee / scribe | Φαρισαῖος / γραμματεύς | פָּרוּשׁ / סוֹפֵר | Parush / sofer | Medium | — | New | 11 and throughout |
| anxiety/worry | μεριμνάω | לִדְאֹג | lid’og | Low-Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | New | 12 |
| greed/covetousness | πλεονεξία | חֶמְדָּנוּת | chemdanut | Low-Medium | Cost of Discipleship | New | 12 |
| mammon | μαμωνᾶς | מָמוֹן | mamon | Low | Cost of Discipleship | New | 12, 16 |
| watchfulness | γρηγορέω | לִשְׁקֹד | lishkod | Low | Kingdom Present/Future | New | 12 |
| mustard seed / leaven | κόκκος σινάπεως / ζύμη | גַּרְעִין הַחַרְדָּל / שְׂאוֹר | gar’in ha-chardal / se’or | Low-Medium | Kingdom of God | New | 13 |
| narrow door | θύρα στενή | הַשַּׁעַר הַצַּר | ha-sha’ar ha-tzar | Low-Medium | Kingdom Present/Future | New | 13 |
| east and west (Gentile inclusion) | ἀνατολή / δυσμή | מִזְרָח / מַעֲרָב | mizrach / ma’arav | High | Savior for All Nations | New | 13 |
| poor, crippled, lame, blind (banquet guests) | πτωχοί, ἀνάπηροι, χωλοί, τυφλοί | עניים, נכים, פיסחים, עיוורים | aniyim, nakhim, piss’chim, ivrim | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | 14 |
| to hate (relative-preference idiom) | μισέω | לִשְׂנֹא | lisno | High | Cost of Discipleship | New | 14 |
| joy | χαρά | שִׂמְחָה | simchah | Medium | Cost and Joy of Discipleship | New | 15 |
| rich man / poor man | πλούσιος / πτωχός | עָשִׁיר / עָנִי | ashir / ani | Low | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | 16 |
| Hades | Ἅδης | שְׁאוֹל | She’ol | High | — | New | 16 |
| bosom of Abraham | κόλπος Ἀβραάμ | חֵיק אַבְרָהָם | cheik Avraham | Medium | — | New | 16 |
| leper | λεπρός | מְצֹרָע | metzora | Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | 5, 17 |
| kingdom of God is among you | βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν | מַלְכוּת הָאֱלֹהִים בְּתוֹכְכֶם | malchut ha-Elohim be-tokh’khem | Critical | Kingdom of God Present and Future | New | 17 |
| to justify (verb) | δικαιόω | ההצדקה (verbal use, “by faith” qualifier required) | ha-hatzdakah | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 18 |
| widow | χήρα | אַלְמָנָה | almanah | Low-Medium | Good News to the Poor and Marginalized | New | 18, 21 |
| to seek and save the lost | ζητεῖν καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός | לְבַקֵּשׁ וּלְהוֹשִׁיעַ אֶת הָאֹבֵד | le’vakesh u’lehoshia et ha-oved | Critical | Savior for All Nations and All People | New | 19 |
| mina | μνᾶ | מָנֶה | maneh | Low | Kingdom Present/Future (stewardship) | New | 19 |
| house of prayer | οἶκος προσευχῆς | בֵּית תְּפִלָּה | beit tefillah | Low-Medium | Prayer and Dependence on God | New | 19 |
| resurrection | ἀνάστασις | תחיית המתים | techiyat hametim | Critical | Resurrection of Christ | Baseline (reuse exactly) | 20, 24 |
| Son of Man | υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου | בֶּן הָאָדָם | ben ha-adam | Critical | Deity/Sonship of Christ (new title) | New — requires own doctrine registry entry | throughout, esp. 21 |
| Passover | πάσχα | פֶּסַח | Pesach | Low | — | New | 22 |
| new covenant | διαθήκη καινή | בְּרִית חֲדָשָׁה | brit chadashah | Critical | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins; Covenant | Baseline (ברית reuse exactly) | 22 |
| body / blood | σῶμα / αἷμα | גּוּף / דָּם | guf / dam | High | Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins (atonement) | New | 22 |
| to deny (Peter) | ἀρνέομαι | לְהִתְכַּחֵשׁ | le’hitkachesh | Medium | Cost of Discipleship | New | 22 |
| King of the Jews | βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων | מֶלֶךְ הַיְּהוּדִים | melekh ha-Yehudim | High | Messianic Promise; Davidic Covenant | New | 23 |
| paradise | παράδεισος | גַּן עֵדֶן | Gan Eden | High | Kingdom Present/Future | New | 23 |
| to open (eyes/mind/Scripture) | διανοίγω | לִפְקֹח / לִפְתֹּחַ | lifkoach / liftoach | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | New | 24 |
| repentance for forgiveness to all nations | μετάνοια εἰς ἄφεσιν ἁμαρτιῶν εἰς πάντα τὰ ἔθνη | תשובה לסליחת חטאים לכל הגויים | teshuvah li-selichat chataim le-khol ha-goyim | Critical | Savior for All Nations; Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins | New (composite) | 24 |
| promise | ἐπαγγελία | הַבְטָחָה | havtachah | Low-Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | New | 24 |
| power from on high | δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους | כוח מן המרום | koach min ha-marom | Medium | Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History | Baseline (כוח reuse exactly) | 24 |
Terms Reused Exactly from Baseline Romans Translation Memory (No Deviation Permitted)
| Term | Hebrew | Occurs In Luke |
|---|---|---|
| gospel | הבשורה | 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 16, 20 |
| grace | חסד | 1, 2 (contextually distinct from קֵחָ֑ן personal-favor uses, see glossary above) |
| faith | אמונה | 5, 7, 8, 12, 17, 18, 22 |
| resurrection | תחיית המתים | 9, 14, 16, 18, 20, 24 |
| lord | אדון | 1, 2, 6, 10, 20, 24 |
| son_of_god | בן האלוהים | 1, 3, 4, 8, 22 |
| incarnation | התגלמות | 1, 2 |
| peace | שלום | 1, 2, 7, 10, 19, 24 |
| church (proto-ecclesial community references) | קהילה | referenced proleptically re: mission material in 9-10, 24 |
| kingdom_of_god | מלכות האלוהים | 4, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 17, 18, 19, 21, 22, 23 |
| sin | חטא | throughout |
| gentiles | גויים | 2, 21, 24 |
| glory | כבוד | 2, 9, 17, 19, 21, 24 |
| power_of_god | כוח האלוהים | 1, 4, 24 |
| messiah | משיח | 2, 3, 4, 9, 20, 22, 23, 24 |
| prophet | נביא | throughout |
| prophecy | נבואה | 1, 4, 18, 21, 24 |
| covenant | ברית | 1, 22 |
| david | דוד | 1, 2, 3, 18, 20 |
| israel | ישראל | 1, 2, 7, 22, 24 |
| jesus | ישוע | throughout |
| god | אלוהים | throughout |
| holy_spirit | רוח הקודש | 1, 2, 3, 4, 10, 11, 12, 24 |
| father | אבינו | 2, 6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15, 22, 23, 24 |
| justification | ההצדקה | 18 |
| election | בחירה | (implicit — Simeon/Anna, the remnant motif, 2) |
| exhort | לעודד | 3, 6 |
New Terms Requiring Doctrine Risk Registry Entries (Recommendation for Step 2)
The following Luke-specific terms are of sufficiently high doctrinal weight that they warrant their own entries in an extended doctrine_risk_registry.json for this curriculum, parallel to the baseline’s structure:
- Son of Man (בֶּן הָאָדָם) — Critical — new Christological title, distinct from Son of God
- The Acceptable Year of the Lord / Jubilee Fulfillment (שְׁנַת רָצוֹן לַיהוה) — Critical — Kingdom Present/Future
- Repentance (תְּשׁוּבָה) — High — Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
- Neighbor / Good Samaritan expansion (רֵעַ / שׁוֹמְרוֹנִי) — Critical/High — Savior for All People
- Dual-sense ἄφεσις (דְּרוֹר vs. סליחת חטאים) — High — Repentance/Kingdom (context-sensitivity rule)
- Today motif (הַיּוֹם) — High — Kingdom Present/Future (cross-document consistency)
- Disciple (תַּלְמִיד) — High — Cost and Joy of Discipleship
- Visceral compassion (σπλαγχνίζομαι) — Medium — Jesus’ Compassion
- Hades / afterlife imagery (שְׁאוֹל, גַּן עֵדֶן, חֵיק אַבְרָהָם) — High — eschatology, requires careful non-equation with Rabbinic afterlife categories
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: צדק
Transliteration: tzedek
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: צדקה
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Rare as a standalone noun in Luke but conceptually underlies 18:9-14 and 1:6. Never render with צדקה outside a direct citation of Scripture.
Justification
Approved rendering: ההצדקה
Transliteration: ha-hatzdakah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 18:14 activates the mandatory ‘by faith’ qualifier; the tax collector’s justification follows a wordless plea for mercy rather than an explicit faith-confession, so translators must resist smoothing this into a merit-based (humility-as-achievement) reading.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ישועה
Transliteration: yeshu’ah
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: גאולה
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Root shared with ישוע and with מושיע (see ‘savior’ below). Luke 19:9 (‘today salvation has come to this house’) is the Gospel’s clearest individual, present-tense, household-level statement and must render consistently with 1:47,69,71,77; 2:30; 3:6. Never interchange with גאולה (see ‘redemption’ below).
Resurrection
Approved rendering: תחיית המתים
Transliteration: techiyat hametim
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις / ἐγείρω
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 20:27-40 shows the general-resurrection debate already live within Second Temple Judaism (Pharisees affirmed it, Sadducees denied it) — valuable teaching background. Chapter 24 is the narrative fulfillment of 9:22 and 18:33’s predictions.
Lord
Approved rendering: אדון
Transliteration: Adon
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke uses this of Jesus already in the infancy narrative (1:43,76; 2:11) and in the narrator’s own voice (10:1; 22:61) — an earlier and more pervasive usage pattern than in Romans, intensifying the Adonai-adjacency risk.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: בן האלוהים
Transliteration: ben ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Original: υἱὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke uses this at 1:32,35; 3:22 (implied); 4:3,9 (the devil’s own mouth); 9:35; and, in a distinct corporate/creational sense, of Adam at 3:38. Flag which sense is active per occurrence, exactly as the baseline requires for ‘called.‘
Incarnation
Approved rendering: התגלמות
Transliteration: hitgalmut
Doctrine: Incarnation
Rejected alternatives: הגשמה
Original: (theological category; cf. Luke 1:31-35, 2:6-7)
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package as the doctrinal category name. See ‘overshadow_power_of_most_high’ below for the specific Luke 1:35 verse-level rendering, which uses a constructed phrase rather than this abstract noun.
Church
Approved rendering: קהילה
Transliteration: kehilah
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: עדה
Original: ἐκκλησία (proleptic; term itself not used in Luke’s Gospel narrative)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. The word itself does not occur in Luke’s Gospel narrative (it appears in Acts, Luke’s sequel), but the doctrinal category is anticipated by 22:19-20’s covenant meal and 24:47-49’s commissioning. Never frame this proleptic material as implying Israel’s replacement; govern by Romans 11’s grafting-in framework.
Law
Approved rendering: תורה
Transliteration: Torah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 2:22-24,39 depicts Jesus’s family in full Torah observance from infancy; 10:26; 16:16-17; 24:44. Must never be taught as an attack on Torah itself.
Messiah
Approved rendering: משיח
Transliteration: mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός / μάσιαχ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 4:18’s χρίω is Jesus’s own etymological self-designation as Mashiach (see ‘to_anoint’ below). Also occurs at 2:11,26; 3:15; 9:20; 20:41-44; 22:67-70; 23:2,35,39; 24:26,46.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ישוע
Transliteration: Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ישו
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Always spelled with the final ayin, ישוע, throughout Luke’s Gospel. NEVER the truncated ישו under any circumstance.
God
Approved rendering: אלוהים
Transliteration: Elohim
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. No independent Luke-specific lexical risk beyond the baseline’s Shema-adjacency note, which applies with equal force throughout Luke’s Christological material.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: רוח הקודש
Transliteration: Ruach HaKodesh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s most concentrated deployment of any Gospel: 1:15,35,41,67; 2:25-27; 3:16,22; 4:1,14; 10:21; 11:13; 12:12; 24:49. Teach against the Rabbinic view that the Spirit departed Israel with the last prophets (Yoma 9b) and against an impersonal-influence reading. Do NOT use this generic term at Luke 4:18 — see ‘spirit_of_the_lord_isaiah_citation’ below.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: נחשבת לו לצדקה
Transliteration: nechshevet lo li-tzedakah
Doctrine: Justification by Faith
Rejected alternatives: צדק מוענק
Inherited from Romans package. Not directly quoted in Luke’s own text but the governing doctrinal precedent for Luke 18:9-14’s justification scene (see ‘justification’ above).
Savior
Approved rendering: מושיע
Transliteration: moshia
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
New Luke term. Shares the root ישע with ישוע and ישועה — a genuine etymological teaching asset. Luke 2:11 fuses this with Χριστός/משיח and Κύριος/אדון in a single verse, making it the densest Christological statement in the infancy narrative. Mandatory theologian-review flag at every occurrence (1:47 implicit; 2:11).
Christ Of God
Approved rendering: משיח האלוהים
Transliteration: Mashiach ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: ὁ Χριστὸς τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Christology
New Luke term. Peter’s confession title, Luke 9:20. Compound of the baseline ‘messiah’ entry (reuse משיח exactly) with a genitive qualifier. Flag alongside Son of God occurrences (9:35) per escalation rules.
To Anoint
Approved rendering: מָשַׁח
Transliteration: mashach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: χρίω
Category: Christology
New Luke term. Luke 4:18. Must be recognized by the Hebrew reader as etymologically identical to מָשִׁיחַ, making this Jesus’s own direct messianic self-identification within the core passage. Requires the same Critical-tier handling as ‘messiah.‘
Son Of Man
Approved rendering: בן האדם
Transliteration: ben ha-adam
Doctrine: Son of Man (Christological Title)
Original: ὁ υἱὸς τοῦ ἀνθρώπου
Category: Christology
New Luke term; not present in the baseline Romans registry. Pervasive across Luke (5:24; 6:5; 9:22,26,44,56,58; 11:30; 12:8,10,40; 17:22-30; 18:8,31; 19:10; 21:27,36; 22:22,48,69; 24:7). Ordinary Hebrew usage and its Ezekiel precedent pull toward ‘mere mortal’; the Daniel 7:13-14 background pulls toward exalted, kingdom-receiving authority. Both senses must be taught as simultaneously true at every occurrence — render as a literal calque, never paraphrase away either pole.
Overshadow Power Of Most High
Approved rendering: תשכן עליך / תצל עליך
Transliteration: teshaken alayikh / tatzel alayikh
Doctrine: Incarnation
Original: δύναμις Ὑψίστου ἐπισκιάσει σοι
Category: Christology
New Luke term. Gabriel’s announcement, Luke 1:35. ἐπισκιάζω evokes Exodus 40:35’s cloud overshadowing the tabernacle and the Rabbinic Shekhinah concept — a genuine positive resource — but must be taught as a unique, unrepeated incarnational event, not one more instance of ordinary prophetic inspiration or Shekhinah-resting.
Spirit Of The Lord Isaiah Citation
Approved rendering: רוח אדני יהוה
Transliteration: Ruach Adonai YHWH
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: רוח הקודש
Original: Πνεῦμα Κυρίου
Category: God
New Luke term. Luke 4:18, quoting Isaiah 61:1’s own Masoretic wording. Do NOT substitute the baseline’s generic רוח הקודש here — v.21’s fulfillment claim depends on the reader recognizing the exact prophetic text cited. Attach a translator’s note explaining this deliberate divergence from the standard Holy Spirit rendering used elsewhere in Luke.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: ברית חדשה
Transliteration: brit chadashah
Doctrine: New Covenant
Original: ἡ καινὴ διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New Luke term. Luke 22:20, directly matching Jeremiah 31:31’s own ברית חדשה. Historically understood within Judaism as made with the house of Israel and Judah, tied to Torah written on the heart; here applied by Jesus to a meal on the eve of his death, extended per the wider NT to uncircumcised Gentiles apart from full Torah observance. Requires theologian-review flag.
Neighbor
Approved rendering: רע
Transliteration: rea
Doctrine: Neighbor-Love and the Samaritan Expansion
Original: πλησίον
Category: Church
New Luke term. Luke 10:25-37, directly matching Leviticus 19:18’s own וְאָהַבְתָּ לְרֵעֲךָ כָּמוֹךָ. The parable’s entire rhetorical force depends on the reader recognizing Jesus’s deliberate expansion of רֵעַ beyond the boundary the lawyer assumed to include a hated ethnic-religious outsider as its moral hero. Teach as an audacious expansion of an existing beloved category, not a foreign concept.
Kingdom Among You
Approved rendering: מלכות האלוהים בתוככם
Transliteration: malchut ha-Elohim be-tokh’khem
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: מלכות האלוהים בקרבכם (inward/individual sense)
Original: ἡ βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ ἐντὸς ὑμῶν
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 17:20-21. Genuinely disputed translation choice with real doctrinal weight (internal/individual vs. corporate/in-Jesus’s-person). בְּתוֹכְכֶם is preferred, given the surrounding context. Requires theologian review and a translator’s note explaining the choice.
Seek And Save The Lost
Approved rendering: לבקש ולהושיע את האובד
Transliteration: le’vakesh u’lehoshia et ha-oved
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: ζητῆσαι καὶ σῶσαι τὸ ἀπολωλός
Category: Salvation
New Luke term. Luke 19:10, Jesus’s own mission statement, echoing Ezekiel 34:16. Functions as Luke’s thesis statement for the curriculum’s first named doctrine. Reuses the ישע root already established for ישוע/ישועה/מושיע. Requires mandatory cross-document consistency, parallel to the baseline’s Romans 1:16-17, 8:28, 10:9-10 rule.
Acceptable Year Of The Lord
Approved rendering: שנת רצון ליהוה
Transliteration: shnat ratzon la-Adonai
Doctrine: Jubilee Fulfillment / The Acceptable Year of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: יובל (rejected as a gloss — would invite expectation of the literal 50-year institution)
Original: ἐνιαυτὸς Κυρίου δεκτός
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term, quoting Isaiah 61:2 directly. Luke 4:19. Jewish tradition holds Jubilee as a literal, cyclical, land-tied economic-legal institution (Leviticus 25); Jesus’s claim to inaugurate this ‘now,’ without a literal fifty-year land-release event occurring, is a genuinely novel already/not-yet interpretive move requiring explicit teaching, parallel to the baseline’s Critical-tier handling of ‘resurrection’ and ‘messiah.‘
To Fulfill
Approved rendering: נתקיימה / התמלאה
Transliteration: nitkayemah / hitmal’ah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: πληρόω
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 4:21, the pivot claim of the core passage. Requires the same Critical-tier handling as ‘messianic_promise’ — the two-comings, already/not-yet framework must be taught explicitly, since even the first audience (4:28-29) did not receive the claim as self-evident.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: אמונה
Transliteration: emunah
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ביטחון
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Luke applies this paradigmatically to a Gentile (7:9, the centurion) and to social outcasts (7:50; 8:48; 17:19; 18:42) — reinforce that emunah is personal trust in Jesus, not covenant-praxis, extended explicitly beyond Israel.
Called
Approved rendering: קרוא
Transliteration: karu
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across Luke’s calling material; check which sense is active per occurrence.
Calling
Approved rendering: קריאה
Transliteration: keri’ah
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Noun form; context-sensitive as in the baseline.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: התקדשות
Transliteration: hitkadshut
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: קידוש
Inherited from Romans package. Never use קידוש (the Shabbat/holiday wine-blessing ritual). Relevant to Luke’s broader Spirit-wrought transformation material.
Adoption
Approved rendering: אימוץ
Transliteration: imutz
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Luke’s Father/Abba material (11:2; see ‘father’ and ‘abba’ below), though Luke’s Gospel itself does not use the technical adoption term directly.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: מלכות האלוהים
Transliteration: malchut ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom
Inherited from Romans package. The single most load-bearing recurring category across Luke 4-23. Distinguish from ‘Malchut Shamayim’ (present Torah-submission) and from Jewish national/political sovereignty expectations tied to the Land.
Sin
Approved rendering: חטא
Transliteration: chet
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s repentance-call passages (3:7-14; 5:8,32; 13:1-5) presuppose universal accountability that must be taught against the mainstream Jewish anthropological default of real freedom to choose good.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: גויים
Transliteration: goyim
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: עמים
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 2:32; 21:24; 24:47. Must not let the mildly pejorative colloquial shade in Modern/Yiddish-inflected Hebrew undercut Luke’s affirming, honorific use, especially at 2:32.
Obedience Of Faith
Approved rendering: ציות האמונה
Transliteration: tziyut ha-emunah
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Luke’s discipleship-cost material; not a fixed phrase repeated verbatim in Luke’s own text but the underlying doctrinal category discipleship passages instantiate.
Covenant
Approved rendering: ברית
Transliteration: brit
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 1:72 (‘the oath he swore to Abraham’) grounds the infancy narrative in covenant memory before the New Covenant language of 22:20 (see ‘new_covenant’ below).
Election
Approved rendering: בחירה
Transliteration: bechirah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλογή / ἐκλεκτός
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Implicit in the Zechariah/Elizabeth and Simeon/Anna material (ch.1-2), explicit in the choosing of the Twelve (6:13) and ‘God’s elect’ (18:7).
Intercession
Approved rendering: הפגעה
Transliteration: hafga’ah
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Luke’s prayer material (22:32, Jesus’s prayer for Peter; the Spirit’s Gethsemane-adjacent themes), though Luke’s own text does not use this exact term.
King Of The Jews
Approved rendering: מלך היהודים
Transliteration: melekh ha-Yehudim
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: ὁ βασιλεὺς τῶν Ἰουδαίων
Category: Christology
New Luke term. The titulus used mockingly at 23:3,37-38, yet Luke’s narrative frames it as, in fact, precisely accurate — dramatic/theological irony tied to the Davidic-covenant material of chapter 1, requiring explicit teaching.
Hades
Approved rendering: שאול
Transliteration: She’ol
Doctrine: Eschatological Afterlife Imagery
Original: ᾍδης
Category: Eschatology
New Luke term. Luke 16:23. Corresponds to OT She’ol, but this parable’s depiction (conscious torment, fixed moral differentiation) develops beyond She’ol’s typically ambiguous OT usage and must not be silently equated with the Rabbinic Gehinnom concept either. Requires theologian-level nuance.
Paradise
Approved rendering: גן עדן
Transliteration: Gan Eden
Doctrine: Eschatological Afterlife Imagery
Rejected alternatives: פרדס
Original: παράδεισος
Category: Eschatology
New Luke term. Luke 23:43. Gan Eden is a strong existing Rabbinic category, but developed Rabbinic thought typically situates it within a staged afterlife framework (interim state, judgment, future resurrection) rather than immediate entrance at death. Jesus’s ‘today’ compresses this timeline and must be taught explicitly against, not silently assumed compatible with, the staged Rabbinic framework. Never transliterate as פרדס, which would forfeit the Genesis-Eden resonance.
Throne Of David
Approved rendering: כס דוד
Transliteration: kes David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
New Luke term. Gabriel’s promise, Luke 1:32-33 (‘the throne of his father David’). Reuses baseline ‘david’ and ‘seed_of_david’ entries. Judaism affirms Davidic messianism robustly but applies it to a still-future figure; the typological link to Jesus must be argued, not assumed.
Scripture Specific Passage
Approved rendering: הכתוב
Transliteration: ha-katuv
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Rejected alternatives: הכתובים
New Luke term. Luke 4:17,21; 24:27,32,45. Render the specific-passage sense as הכתוב, never הכתובים (which names the Writings section of Tanakh and risks confusion with that canonical division).
Light To The Gentiles
Approved rendering: אור לגילוי לגויים
Transliteration: or le-giluy la-goyim
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν
Category: Church
New Luke term. Simeon’s Nunc Dimittis, Luke 2:32, citing Isaiah 42:6/49:6. Carries the same goyim colloquial-shade risk flagged in the baseline gentiles entry, here in an especially honorific, programmatic use that must not be flattened.
Samaritan
Approved rendering: שומרוני
Transliteration: Shomroni
Doctrine: Neighbor-Love and the Samaritan Expansion
Original: Σαμαρίτης
Category: Church
New Luke term. Luke 10:33; 17:16. Names a still-extant community (centered near Mount Gerizim/Nablus) with an ongoing, sometimes contested relationship to Jewish religious identity. Must be taught with awareness of this continuing history, not treated as purely antiquarian. Never paraphrase as a generic ‘foreigner.‘
Tax Collector
Approved rendering: מוכס
Transliteration: mokhes
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: τελώνης / ἀρχιτελώνης
Category: Church
New Luke term. Luke 5:27-32; 7:29,34; 15:1; 18:10-13; 19:2. A Modern Hebrew reader may hear this as a neutral bureaucratic term without the first-century social freight of collaboration, extortion, and contempt — mandatory cultural-context note at each table-fellowship occurrence.
Repentance
Approved rendering: תשובה
Transliteration: teshuvah
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: μετάνοια / μετανοέω
Category: Repentance
New Luke term (no viable substitute exists — the risk is entirely in framing, mirroring the baseline’s own ‘law’ ruling). Teshuvah is a deeply established, positive Jewish category (Yom Kippur liturgy, Maimonides’ Laws of Repentance). Luke’s teshuvah (3:3; 5:32; 13:3,5; 15:7,10; 24:47) is tied to, and made effective through, faith in the Messiah’s finished work — a connection that must be taught explicitly, not assumed.
Forgiveness Of Sins
Approved rendering: סליחת חטאים
Transliteration: selichat chataim
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Rejected alternatives: מחילת חטאים
Original: ἄφεσις ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Repentance
New Luke term. Luke 1:77; 3:3; 5:20-24 (a Critical-tier implicit deity claim); 7:47-49; 17:3-4; 24:47. Must be kept strictly distinct from the Jubilee-liberty sense of ἄφεσις at 4:18 — see ‘release_liberty_jubilee’ below. Never use דרור here.
Release Liberty Jubilee
Approved rendering: דרור
Transliteration: deror
Doctrine: Jubilee Fulfillment / The Acceptable Year of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: סליחת חטאים
Original: ἄφεσις (Isaiah 61:1/58:6 Jubilee sense)
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 4:18 ONLY, quoting Isaiah 61:1/58:6’s own דְּרוֹר (cf. Leviticus 25:10). MANDATORY dual-rendering rule with ‘forgiveness_of_sins’: never substitute סליחת חטאים here — the entire rhetorical force of the core passage (Jesus announcing Jubilee) depends on this specific term. This is the single highest-collision-risk term in the whole Luke package.
East West Gentile Inclusion
Approved rendering: מזרח ומערב
Transliteration: mizrach u-ma’arav
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἀπὸ ἀνατολῶν καὶ δυσμῶν
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 13:28-29, Gentiles reclining with the patriarchs at the kingdom banquet. The doctrinal risk is Gentile inclusion at the patriarchal banquet, not the vocabulary itself; must be taught alongside, not replacing, Israel’s own place at that banquet.
Redemption
Approved rendering: גאולה
Transliteration: ge’ulah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
New Luke term, per the baseline’s own reservation of גאולה as ‘a related but distinct concept’ from ישועה. Luke 2:38 (Anna’s expectation), 21:28 (‘your redemption draws near’), 24:21. Never use interchangeably with ישועה (see ‘salvation’ above); never use for 19:9’s individual/eternal salvation.
Disciple
Approved rendering: תלמיד
Transliteration: talmid
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαθητής
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Occurs from 5:11 throughout. A genuine positive existing category (the talmid-rabbi relationship), but the Rabbinic model centers on Torah-study/oral-tradition transmission; Jesus’s demand extends into total life-allegiance, cross-bearing (9:23), and family-relativizing claims (14:26) beyond typical expectations.
Cross
Approved rendering: צלב
Transliteration: tzlav
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: σταυρός / σταυρόω
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 9:23; 14:27; ch.23 (the crucifixion narrative). No lexical-collision risk of the baseline’s tzedakah/kiddush type, but Rabbinic Judaism has no framework for a crucified Messiah, and the call to ‘take up’ this instrument of shame daily must be taught as a real cost, not softened into a generic hardship-metaphor.
Hate Relative Preference
Approved rendering: לשנוא
Transliteration: lisno
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: לאהוב פחות (softened paraphrase — rejected as under-translation)
Original: μισέω
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 14:26. The Hebrew reader has a genuine advantage: the idiom of relative ‘hating’ as meaning ‘loving less’ is native to Hebrew narrative style (Genesis 29:31; Deuteronomy 21:15). Actively teach this as a resource, but the cost-of-discipleship point (total allegiance to Jesus relativizing family bonds) must not be softened away entirely via the idiom’s own familiarity.
Blessed Ashrei
Approved rendering: אשרי
Transliteration: ashrei
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: μακάριος
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 6:20-23. אַשְׁרֵי opens Psalm 1 and is the refrain of the thrice-daily Ashrei liturgical prayer — an outstanding positive resource, but conventional usage follows a wisdom-literature pattern where blessedness results from righteous conduct, while Luke’s Beatitudes invert this expectation. The familiar liturgical rhythm must not smooth away this paradox.
Demon
Approved rendering: שד
Transliteration: shed
Doctrine: Authority Over Spiritual Forces
Original: δαιμόνιον / δαιμονίζομαι
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New Luke term. Luke 4:33-36; 8:26-39 (Legion); 11:14-22. שֵׁדִים is a genuine existing Rabbinic-folkloric category, but Jewish folk demonology (largely amoral nuisance-spirits) differs from the NT’s organized, Satan-subordinate demonology; the christological point (authority over demons previews authority over Satan) must be taught against the folkloric default.
Daily Bread
Approved rendering: לחמנו היום
Transliteration: lachmenu ha-yom
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Rejected alternatives: די יום ביומו (manna-echoing alternative, acceptable per translation-landscape recommendation)
Original: ἄρτος ἐπιούσιος (Lukan par. τὸ καθ’ ἡμέραν)
Category: Prayer
New Luke term. Luke 11:3. ἐπιούσιος is among the rarest, most contested words in the NT — the ambiguity originates in the Greek source text itself. Because this is among the most memorized and liturgically repeated lines in Christian tradition, cross-document consistency is essential; attach a translator’s note explaining the underlying Greek ambiguity.
Body Blood Atonement
Approved rendering: גוף / דם
Transliteration: guf / dam
Doctrine: Atonement and the Lord’s Supper
Original: σῶμα / αἷμα
Category: Atonement
New Luke term. Luke 22:19-20. דָּם carries deep, positive sacrificial-atonement resonance from the Levitical system (Leviticus 17:11) — a genuine teaching asset. Must be taught as the once-for-all fulfillment of that sacrificial logic, not an ongoing, repeatable, literal blood-sacrifice ritual. Never euphemize the blood language, even given the historical weight of blood-libel accusations.
Today Motif
Approved rendering: היום
Transliteration: ha-yom
Doctrine: The “Today” Motif of In-Breaking Salvation
Rejected alternatives: כעת, עכשיו, בשעה זו
Original: σήμερον
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Recurs at 2:11; 4:21; 19:9; 23:43. Must render consistently as הַיּוֹם at every single occurrence — varying the rendering would make Luke’s deliberate repeated pattern invisible, undermining the Kingdom-present doctrine’s key textual vehicle. Mandatory cross-document consistency, parallel to the baseline’s Romans 1:16-17/8:28/10:9-10 rule.
To Proclaim Good News Verb
Approved rendering: לבשר
Transliteration: levaser
Doctrine: Gospel
New Luke term, verb form of baseline הבשורה. Luke 4:18,43; 7:22; 8:1; 9:6; 16:16; 20:1. Must retain the qualifying object (‘to the poor,’ ‘the kingdom’) so besorah is not heard as a generic upbeat announcement.
Table Fellowship Eating With
Approved rendering: (no fixed noun — render contextually as לאכול עם / להסב אל השולחן עם)
Transliteration: le’ekhol im / le’hasev el ha-shulchan im
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: שותפות (rejected — reserved for baseline ‘fellowship,’ would abstract away the concrete scandal)
New Luke rule, not a single term. Luke 5:29-30; 7:36-50; 15:1-2; 19:1-10; 22:14-30. Do not import a technical noun for ‘table fellowship’; render the concrete verb of eating/reclining at each occurrence so the scandalous social action is not abstracted into a doctrine-word.
Medium Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: הבשורה
Transliteration: ha-besorah
Doctrine: Gospel
Rejected alternatives: חדשות טובות
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζομαι
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly for the noun in Luke 1,2,3,4,7,8,9,16,20. Luke also requires a verbal form (see ‘to_proclaim_good_news_verb’ below) not present in the baseline; the verb must retain the qualifying object (‘to the poor,’ ‘the kingdom’) so besorah is not heard as generic good tidings.
Grace
Approved rendering: חסד
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: חן
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Reused exactly at Luke 2:40, 2:52. Keep strictly distinct from the personal favor-address to Mary at 1:28 (see ‘favored_one_grace_address’ below), which must NOT use this bare noun.
Apostle
Approved rendering: שליח
Transliteration: shaliach
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 6:13 (naming of the Twelve), 9:10, 11:49, 17:5, 22:14, 24:10.
Holy
Approved rendering: קדוש
Transliteration: kadosh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Applies to Luke’s holiness material generally (e.g., 1:35’s ‘holy’ offspring); scope caution (ritual vs. Spirit-wrought holiness) carries over unchanged.
Saints
Approved rendering: קדושים
Transliteration: kedoshim
Doctrine: Sainthood
Inherited from Romans package. Not prominent by this specific term in Luke’s own narrative but retained for cross-document consistency with proleptic church material (22:14-20; 24:47-49).
Peace
Approved rendering: שלום
Transliteration: shalom
Doctrine: Peace with God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 1:79; 2:14; 7:50; 10:5-6; 19:38,42; 24:36.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: מתנות רוחניות
Transliteration: matanot ruchaniyot
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: מתנות
Inherited from Romans package. Not independently prominent in Luke’s own Gospel narrative; retained for cross-document consistency with the wider NT curriculum.
Glory
Approved rendering: כבוד
Transliteration: kavod
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 2:9,14; 9:32 (Transfiguration); 21:27; 24:26. Guard against the Modern Hebrew colloquial ‘kol hakavod’ drift diluting the manifest-presence sense.
Power Of God
Approved rendering: כוח האלוהים
Transliteration: koach ha-Elohim
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Rejected alternatives: גבורת האל
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Use כוח, never גבורה. Occurs at Luke 1:35; 4:14,36; 5:17; 6:19; 8:46; 9:1; 24:49 (see also ‘power_from_on_high’ below).
Prophet
Approved rendering: נביא
Transliteration: navi
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Applied to Isaiah (4:17), John the Baptist (1:76; 7:26-28), and repeatedly to Jesus himself (4:24; 7:16,39; 9:8,19; 13:33; 24:19) — this lower Christological category must not function as the ceiling of Jesus’s identity given the higher claims (Lord, Son of God) developed elsewhere.
Providence
Approved rendering: השגחה פרטית
Transliteration: hashgachah pratit
Doctrine: Providence
Rejected alternatives: השגחה
Inherited from Romans package. Use the fuller phrase, avoiding the everyday kosher-supervision-label reading of hashgachah alone, when teaching Luke’s ‘not one sparrow falls’ material (12:6-7; 12:22-31; 21:18).
Mission
Approved rendering: שליחות
Transliteration: shlichut
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πέμπω / ἀποστέλλω
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Luke 4:18 (Jesus as archetypal Sent One), 9:1-6 (Twelve), 10:1-20 (Seventy-two), 24:47-49 (final commissioning). Distinguish from the modern secular Israeli usage of shlichut as Jewish Agency emissary work.
David
Approved rendering: דוד
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 1:27,32-33,69; 2:4,11; 3:31; 18:38-39; 20:41-44.
Israel
Approved rendering: ישראל
Transliteration: Yisra’el
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 1:16,54,68,80; 2:25,32,34; 7:9; 22:30; 24:21. The ‘redemption of Israel’ expectation (24:21) must be taught alongside, not against, the individual-salvation emphasis Luke also develops.
Father
Approved rendering: אבינו
Transliteration: Avinu
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Luke’s Lord’s Prayer (11:2) opens with the bare address Πάτερ; teach the individualizing/intimate register alongside the corporate Avinu-Malkeinu liturgical association.
Abba
Approved rendering: אבא
Transliteration: Abba
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Inherited from Romans package. Not used directly in Luke’s own text (occurs in Mark/Romans/Galatians) but retained for cross-document consistency; the register caution applies equally to Luke’s own Father-language (11:2).
Seed Of David
Approved rendering: זרע דוד
Transliteration: zera David
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Original: σπέρμα Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Relevant background for Luke’s genealogy (3:23-38) and Davidic-covenant material (see ‘throne_of_david’ below).
Power From On High
Approved rendering: כוח מן המרום
Transliteration: koach min ha-marom
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Rejected alternatives: גבורה מן המרום
Original: δύναμις ἐξ ὕψους
Category: God
New Luke term. Luke 24:49. Reuses baseline power_of_god’s כוח exactly, avoiding גבורה for the same Kabbalistic-sefirot-association reason. Closes the Gospel’s narrative arc, anticipating Pentecost.
Bosom Of Abraham
Approved rendering: חיק אברהם
Transliteration: cheik Avraham
Doctrine: Eschatological Afterlife Imagery
Original: κόλπος Ἀβραάμ
Category: Eschatology
New Luke term. Luke 16:22. Not a standing Biblical Hebrew phrase; intelligible by construction but should carry a translator’s note clarifying this is Luke’s own narrative image, distinct from established OT or Rabbinic afterlife taxonomy categories such as Gan Eden.
Sinner
Approved rendering: חוטא
Transliteration: chote
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
New Luke term (root shared with baseline ‘sin’). Luke 5:8,30,32; 7:34,37,39; 15:1-2,7,10; 18:13; 19:7. Teach as a social-exclusion label Jesus deliberately overturns through table fellowship, not merely an abstract moral category.
Baptism
Approved rendering: טבילה
Transliteration: tevilah
Doctrine: Repentance and Forgiveness of Sins
Original: βάπτισμα / βαπτίζω
Category: Repentance
New Luke term. Luke 3:3,7,12,16,21; 7:29; 12:50; 20:4. Draws on the existing Jewish practice of ritual immersion (mikveh, proselyte tevilah) while John’s baptism carries a distinct, non-recurring, eschatologically charged repentance-marker sense — distinguish from ongoing, repeatable purity ritual.
Parable
Approved rendering: משל
Transliteration: mashal
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: παραβολή
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. An existing category (Proverbs, later Rabbinic parable tradition) — a genuine asset. Jesus’s parables function as kingdom-revealing and simultaneously kingdom-concealing discourse (8:10), a specific double function beyond mashal’s typical range.
Mystery
Approved rendering: רז
Transliteration: raz
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Rejected alternatives: סוד
Original: μυστήριον
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 8:10. Prefer רָז (Danielic, apocalyptic-revelatory) over סוֹד, which in later Kabbalistic usage carries elite-initiate mystical connotations foreign to Jesus’s point that the parables are given publicly.
Mustard Seed Leaven
Approved rendering: גרעין החרדל / שאור
Transliteration: gar’in ha-chardal / se’or
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: κόκκος σινάπεως / ζύμη
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 13:18-21. שְׂאוֹר (leaven) carries a doctrinally-loaded negative connotation elsewhere in Scripture (Passover’s leaven prohibition); here used positively for kingdom growth, an intentional reversal that must not be ‘corrected’ toward the more familiar negative sense.
Narrow Door
Approved rendering: השער הצר
Transliteration: ha-sha’ar ha-tzar
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: θύρα στενή
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 13:24. Ties to the Kingdom-present-and-future doctrine’s urgency dimension; follow Luke’s own wording independently rather than assimilating to Matthew’s parallel imagery.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: חיי עולם
Transliteration: chayei olam
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: חיי העולם הבא (used only with explicit teaching note)
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Salvation
New Luke term. Luke 10:25; 18:18. Ties to the Rabbinic ‘olam ha-ba’ category — a genuine resource, but mainstream Judaism’s soteriology (covenant membership, Torah observance, repentance) differs from the answer Jesus’s own subsequent teaching implies; flag alongside ‘salvation’ for theologian awareness.
Deny Oneself
Approved rendering: להתכחש לעצמו
Transliteration: le’hitkachesh le’atzmo
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀπαρνέομαι ἑαυτόν
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 9:23. Distinguish carefully from ‘peter_denial’ below (same root, opposite moral valence); context must disambiguate.
Peter Denial
Approved rendering: להתכחש
Transliteration: le’hitkachesh
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀρνέομαι
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 22:34,57-61. Same root as ‘deny_oneself’ but opposite valence — a translator’s note is recommended given the shared root’s genuine potential for confusion across the two passages.
Temptation
Approved rendering: ניסיון
Transliteration: nisayon
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: πειρασμός / πειράζω
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 4:1-13 recapitulates Israel’s wilderness testing. נִסָּיוֹן carries strong existing resonance (Abraham’s binding-of-Isaac nisayon, Israel’s wilderness nisyonot); ensure both the positive testing-of-faithfulness sense and negative enticement-to-sin sense are available contextually.
Nefesh Life Soul
Approved rendering: נפש
Transliteration: nefesh
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ψυχή
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 9:24. Render as the standard OT term for the whole living self, not a Greek-dualist ‘soul’ detached from the body — the paradox (‘whoever loses his nefesh will save it’) depends on this holistic sense.
Joy
Approved rendering: שמחה
Transliteration: simchah
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: χαρά
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 15:7,10,32. שִׂמְחָה names the whole category of Jewish festive/celebratory occasions — an excellent resource; ensure the text’s specific claim (this is God’s own joy, not merely communal feeling) is not flattened into generic festivity-talk.
Woe
Approved rendering: הוי
Transliteration: hoy
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: οὐαί
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 6:24-26. הוֹי is the established prophetic-oracle formula (Isaiah 5:8ff.); preserve the paired mirror structure with the Beatitudes in layout.
Love Command
Approved rendering: אהבה
Transliteration: ahavah
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: ἀγαπάω / ἀγάπη
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 6:27-35, love of enemies. No lexical collision, but this demanding ethical extension must be taught explicitly rather than assumed already implied by the ordinary word for love.
Poor
Approved rendering: עני
Transliteration: ani
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: πτωχός
Category: Compassion
New Luke term, directly matching Isaiah 61:1’s own wording. Central to this doctrine (1:48-53; 4:18; 6:20; 7:22; 14:13,21; 16:19-31; 18:1-8). Must be taught with full material and social force alongside its spiritual resonance, resisting spiritualization away from real material poverty.
Leper
Approved rendering: מצורע
Transliteration: metzora
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: λεπρός
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 5:12-14; 17:12-19. מְצֹרָע carries strong Levitical ritual-impurity connotations (Leviticus 13-14) — an asset since the narrative trades on that background (17:14); ensure the reader connects the healing to the Levitical purity system.
Widow
Approved rendering: אלמנה
Transliteration: almanah
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: χήρα
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 4:25-26; 7:12; 18:1-8; 20:47; 21:1-4. Strong existing OT-legal resonance (Deuteronomy 10:18, Exodus 22:22).
Shepherd
Approved rendering: רועה
Transliteration: ro’eh
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ποιμήν
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 2:8-20. A socially marginal, ritually-suspect-testimony occupation whose positive OT resonance (David, Psalm 23) should be taught alongside the social-marginality point, since the birth announcement goes first to among the lowest-status witnesses available.
Humble Estate
Approved rendering: שפלות
Transliteration: shiflut
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Original: ταπείνωσις
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 1:48,52. Feeds the same doctrine as עני but is distinct from material poverty proper; keep שִׁפְלוּת terminologically distinct from עני in all teaching materials.
Compassion Visceral
Approved rendering: התמלא רחמים
Transliteration: hitmale rachamim
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Rejected alternatives: נכמרו רחמיו (acceptable variant)
Original: σπλαγχνίζομαι
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 7:13 (widow of Nain); 10:33 (the Samaritan); 15:20 (the father of the prodigal). רחמים’s root (רֶחֶם, womb) parallels the Greek’s visceral sense remarkably well, but must not be flattened into a low-intensity ‘felt bad for’ gloss — the force of these scenes depends on overwhelming, action-producing compassion.
Mercy Covenant
Approved rendering: רחמים
Transliteration: rachamim
Doctrine: Grace
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 1:54,58,72,78. Kept distinct from חֶסֶד (baseline grace entry) to avoid overloading that entry, and distinct from the visceral compassion verb (‘compassion_visceral’ above), though related.
Merciful Attribute
Approved rendering: רחום
Transliteration: rachum
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
Original: οἰκτίρμων
Category: Compassion
New Luke term. Luke 6:36. Directly echoes the divine attribute formula of Exodus 34:6 (אֵל רַחוּם וְחַנּוּן), already cited in the baseline’s grace entry — a strong positive resonance worth teaching.
Centurion
Approved rendering: שר מאה
Transliteration: sar me’ah
Doctrine: Jesus as Savior for All Nations and All People (Jew and Gentile, Rich and Poor)
Original: ἑκατοντάρχης
Category: Church
New Luke term. Luke 7:1-10. The doctrinal point is the ethnic-status reversal the figure carries, not the word itself; teach alongside the Gentiles doctrine.
Devil Satan
Approved rendering: השטן
Transliteration: ha-Satan
Doctrine: Authority Over Spiritual Forces
Original: διάβολος
Category: Spiritual Conflict
New Luke term. Luke 4:1-13; 8:12; 10:18; 22:3,31. Established OT/Second Temple term (Job 1-2, Zechariah 3); ensure the NT’s organized cosmic-conflict framing is taught rather than a folkloric or purely metaphorical reading.
Authority
Approved rendering: סמכות
Transliteration: samchut
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
Original: ἐξουσία
Category: Kingdom
New Luke term. Luke 4:32,36; 5:24; 9:1; 20:2. Must be kept distinct from כוח האלוהים (power_of_god); samchut (authority/jurisdiction) and koach (power/might) name different, complementary Christological claims and should not be conflated.
Pharisee Scribe
Approved rendering: פרוש / סופר
Transliteration: Parush / sofer
Doctrine: Historical Context (Pharisees and Scribes)
Original: Φαρισαῖος / γραμματεύς
Category: Context
New Luke term. Historically accurate, non-pejorative Hebrew terms for real Second Temple groups. The risk is homiletical: Luke’s conflict scenes must not be taught as blanket condemnation of Pharisaic Judaism as a whole, whose descendant tradition is broadly Rabbinic Judaism itself — the living tradition of much of the target readership.
Prayer
Approved rendering: תפילה
Transliteration: tefillah
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: προσευχή / προσεύχομαι
Category: Prayer
New Luke term. Central to this doctrine. תְּפִלָּה is an outstanding existing resource (the entire Jewish liturgical tradition); ensure the Lord’s Prayer’s specific content is taught within, and where it innovates against, the existing tefillah tradition rather than treated as generically identical to it.
Hallowed Be Your Name
Approved rendering: יתקדש שמך
Transliteration: yitkadash shemekha
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: ἁγιασθήτω τὸ ὄνομά σου
Category: Prayer
New Luke term. Luke 11:2. Echoes the opening of the Kaddish (יִתְגַּדַּל וְיִתְקַדַּשׁ שְׁמֵהּ רַבָּא) — an exceptionally strong positive resource that should be actively taught. Ensure the personal Avinu address of the opening line is not lost within the otherwise strongly liturgical-sounding phrase.
Temple
Approved rendering: בית המקדש
Transliteration: beit ha-mikdash
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: ναός / ἱερόν
Category: Setting
New Luke term. Luke 2:22-49; 19:45-46; 21:5-6,20-24. Carries acute historical weight given the Temple’s 70 CE destruction remains a defining event in Jewish collective memory (Tisha B’Av); teach with sensitivity, paralleling Jesus’s lament in 19:41, not as a triumphalist replacement note.
Open Eyes Mind Scripture
Approved rendering: לפקוח / לפתוח
Transliteration: lifkoach / liftoach
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
New Luke term. Luke 24:31,32,45. No lexical collision; the point (genuine spiritual perception of Messiah in Scripture requires divine enabling, not intellectual effort alone) reinforces this doctrine even before Pentecost.
Favored One Grace Address
Approved rendering: אַתְּ אֲשֶׁר מָצָאת חֵן בְּעֵינֵי אֱלֹהִים
Transliteration: at asher matzat chen be-einei Elohim
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: חן (bare noun), חסד (baseline doctrinal grace term)
New Luke term. Gabriel’s address to Mary, Luke 1:28, κεχαριτωμένη. A specific, personal favor-address, not the doctrinal grace of Romans. Echoes Genesis 6:8/Exodus 33:17. Must be kept distinct from the baseline’s חסד entry so personal address and theological grace-doctrine are not confused as interchangeable.
Anxiety Worry
Approved rendering: לדאוג
Transliteration: lid’og
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
New Luke term. Luke 12:22-31. The doctrinal point (anxiety displaced by trust in the Father’s provision) is carried by context and surrounding Father-language rather than by any special property of the verb itself.
Greed Covetousness
Approved rendering: חמדנות
Transliteration: chemdanut
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Rejected alternatives: תאוות רכוש
New Luke term. Luke 12:15. Draws on the root ח-מ-ד shared with the Tenth Commandment (Exodus 20:17); the Rich Fool parable functions as narrative commentary on that commandment’s concern.
Weep Over Jerusalem
Approved rendering: לבכות על
Transliteration: livkot al
Doctrine: Jesus’ Compassion and Table Fellowship with Sinners
New Luke term. Luke 19:41. No lexical risk; reinforces the compassion doctrine in a register of grief rather than table-joy — Jesus’s compassion extended even to the city that will reject him.
Circumcision Purification
Approved rendering: ברית מילה / טהרה
Transliteration: brit milah / taharah
Doctrine: Humanity of Christ
New Luke term. Luke 2:21-24,39. Establishes Jesus’s full, willing submission to Torah from infancy — a positive resource affirming Jesus’s Jewish covenantal identity, directly relevant to countering any latent supersessionist reading elsewhere.
Good Pleasure Favor
Approved rendering: רצון
Transliteration: ratzon
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
New Luke term. Luke 2:14, echoing Isaiah 61:2’s own רָצוֹן used in the core passage. Flag the underlying genitive ambiguity (peace for humanity generally vs. specifically for objects of God’s favor) for theologian review.
Captive
Approved rendering: שבוי
Transliteration: shavuy
Doctrine: Jubilee Fulfillment / The Acceptable Year of the Lord
New Luke term. Luke 4:18, matching Isaiah 61:1’s own לַשְּׁבוּיִם. Echoes Israel’s exile experience; teach both the historical-exilic resonance and its extension to spiritual bondage.
Recovery Of Sight
Approved rendering: פקח קוח
Transliteration: pekach-koach
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
Rejected alternatives: פקיחת עיניים
New Luke term. Luke 4:18. Matches the Masoretic Isaiah 61:1 wording directly; recommend a translator’s note glossing this rare biblical hapax’s meaning.
Oppressed Bruised
Approved rendering: רצוצים
Transliteration: retzutzim
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
New Luke term. Luke 4:18, matching Isaiah 58:6’s own wording. Preserve this specific citation rather than a generic synonym, keeping the composite-quotation nature of the verse visible.
To Send
Approved rendering: שלח / שלוח
Transliteration: shalach / shaluach
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
New Luke term, cognate of baseline שליח (apostle). Luke 4:18,43; 9:2; 10:1. Establishes Jesus himself as the archetypal Sent One, from whom apostolic sending later derives its authority-pattern.
To Proclaim Herald
Approved rendering: לקרא
Transliteration: likro
Doctrine: Jubilee Fulfillment / The Acceptable Year of the Lord
Rejected alternatives: להכריז
New Luke term. Luke 4:18-19, matching Isaiah 61:1-2’s own לִקְרֹא. Preserve the Isaiah citation’s own verb rather than introducing a different Hebrew verb (e.g., להכריז), to keep the direct textual echo intact.
Low Risk Terms
Thanksgiving
Approved rendering: הודיה
Transliteration: hodayah
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 17:16 (the healed Samaritan), 18:11, 22:17,19.
Fellowship
Approved rendering: שותפות
Transliteration: shutafut
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: קהילה
Inherited from Romans package. Do NOT use this term for Luke’s meal/table-fellowship scenes (5:29-30; 7:36-50; 15:1-2; 19:1-10; 22:14-30); those require concrete descriptive verbs, not this abstract noun — see ‘table_fellowship_eating_with’ below.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: נבואה
Transliteration: nevu’ah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Luke 1:70; 4:21; 18:31; 21:22; 24:44-47.
Exhort
Approved rendering: לעודד
Transliteration: le’oded
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive per the baseline’s rule (encouragement vs. entreaty).
Finger Of God
Approved rendering: אצבע אלוהים
Transliteration: etzba Elohim
Doctrine: Authority Over Spiritual Forces
Original: δάκτυλος Θεοῦ
Category: God
New Luke term. Luke 11:20. Strong positive intertext with Exodus 8:19 and 31:18; teach the Exodus-plague connection for full rhetorical force (a claim to Exodus-level divine authority over the demonic).
Passover
Approved rendering: פסח
Transliteration: Pesach
Doctrine: Atonement and the Lord’s Supper
Original: πάσχα
Category: Covenant
New Luke term. Luke 22:1,7-15. No lexical collision; teach the Last Supper’s explicit Passover setting as theologically load-bearing — the new covenant meal established within, not replacing, the Passover seder framework.
Mammon
Approved rendering: ממון
Transliteration: mamon
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
Original: μαμωνᾶς
Category: Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 16:9-13. An unusually clean case — direct source word (attested in Mishnaic ‘dinei mamonot’). Teach only Jesus’s personification of Mammon as a quasi-personal rival lord, beyond mamon’s ordinary legal-property sense.
House Of Prayer
Approved rendering: בית תפילה
Transliteration: beit tefillah
Doctrine: Prayer and Dependence on God
Original: οἶκος προσευχῆς
Category: Prayer
New Luke term. Luke 19:46, quoting Isaiah 56:7 exactly. Preserve Isaiah’s own wording, as with other core-passage-style citations.
Synagogue
Approved rendering: בית הכנסת
Transliteration: beit ha-knesset
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and Synagogue Worship
Original: συναγωγή
Category: Setting
New Luke term. Luke 4:16,44; 6:6; 7:5; 13:10. Standard, unremarkable Modern Hebrew term; no drift. Positive resource situating Jesus firmly within, not against, communal Jewish religious life.
Sabbath
Approved rendering: שבת
Transliteration: Shabbat
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and Synagogue Worship
Original: σάββατον
Category: Setting
New Luke term. Luke 4:16; 6:1-11; 13:10-17; 14:1-6. No collision. Sabbath-controversy healings should be taught as engagement from within, not against, Torah-observant Jewish identity.
Promise
Approved rendering: הבטחה
Transliteration: havtachah
Doctrine: The Holy Spirit’s Work in Salvation History
Original: ἐπαγγελία
Category: Holy Spirit
New Luke term. Luke 24:49, ‘the promise of my Father.’ Ties to the whole covenant-promise framework (David, Abraham) now applied to the coming gift of the Spirit.
Fruit Of Repentance
Approved rendering: פרי
Transliteration: peri
Doctrine: The Cost and Joy of Discipleship
New Luke term. Luke 3:8-9. Standard vocabulary; strong existing OT metaphorical usage (Psalm 1, Jeremiah 17:8) anticipating that genuine repentance issues in visible ethical transformation.
Watchfulness
Approved rendering: לשקוד
Transliteration: lishkod
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
New Luke term. Luke 12:37-40; 21:36. Tied to eschatological watchfulness within the Kingdom present-and-future doctrine.
Mina
Approved rendering: מנה
Transliteration: maneh
Doctrine: The Kingdom of God Present and Future
New Luke term. Luke 19:11-27. Existing Biblical Hebrew weight/currency term (1 Kings 10:17; Ezra 2:69); no collision.
Blind
Approved rendering: עיוור
Transliteration: ivér
Doctrine: Good News to the Poor and Marginalized
New Luke term. Luke 4:18; 7:22; 14:13,21; 18:35-43. Standard vocabulary; teach the literal/metaphorical double register contextually.
Synagogue Attendant
Approved rendering: שמש
Transliteration: shamash
Doctrine: Sabbath Observance and Synagogue Worship
New Luke term. Luke 4:20. Excellent cultural fit — שמש is the traditional Hebrew title for exactly this synagogue office.
Scroll Book
Approved rendering: ספר / מגילה
Transliteration: sefer / megillah
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
New Luke term. Luke 4:17,20. מגילה preferred for the physical scroll form; both terms are standard.
To Read Publicly
Approved rendering: לקרוא
Transliteration: likro
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
New Luke term. Luke 4:16. Directly cognate with Torah/Haftarah ‘keriah’ (public reading) — a genuine positive liturgical resonance.
Referenced passages