Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Titus (English → Hebrew)
| # | Term (English) | Original (Greek) | Hebrew Rendering | Transliteration | Risk | Doctrine(s) | Baseline Status | Key Translation Risk Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | God | θεός | אלוהים | Elohim | Critical | multiple | REUSED | Per baseline; no change. |
| 2 | Jesus | Ἰησοῦς | ישוע | Yeshua | Critical | Christology | REUSED | Full spelling with final ayin only; never ישו. |
| 3 | Christ/Messiah | Χριστός | המשיח | ha-Mashiach | Critical | Messianic Promise | REUSED | Per baseline “messiah” entry. |
| 4 | Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα ἅγιον | רוח הקודש | Ruach HaKodesh | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | REUSED | Must read as personal, permanent agent of the one-time new birth in Titus 3:5, against the “impersonal influence / departed with the prophets” defaults. |
| 5 | Grace | χάρις | חסד | chesed | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Salvation by Grace not Works | REUSED | Titus 2:11 personifies grace as an appearing, saving agent; 3:7 qualifies justification “by grace” rather than the baseline’s usual “by faith” phrase — flag for theologian review of this variant qualifier. |
| 6 | Faith | πίστις | אמונה | emunah | High | Faith | REUSED | Governs 1:1, 1:4, 1:13, 2:2, 2:10, 3:8, 3:15. |
| 7 | Righteousness | δικαιοσύνη | צדק | tzedek | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | REUSED | Titus 3:5’s “works done in righteousness” is the letter’s strongest not-by-works statement; must not soften. |
| 8 | Justification | δικαιωθέντες (verb form) | ההצדקה (הֻצְדַּקְנוּ) | ha-hatzdakah | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | REUSED | Titus 3:7 qualifies “by His grace,” not “by faith” as baseline’s Romans-calibrated pattern expects — theologian review required to confirm this is not a contradiction but a correlative emphasis. |
| 9 | Salvation | σωτηρία / σῴζω | ישועה / להושיע | yeshu’ah / le-hoshi’a | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | REUSED | Titus 3:5’s ἔσωσεν must retain the individual, completed, present-tense sense against the corporate/national default. |
| 10 | Savior | σωτήρ | מושיע | moshi’a | Critical | Salvation; Deity of Christ | NEW | Applied in strict parallel to both God (1:3, 2:10, 3:4) and Christ (1:4, 2:13, 3:6) — the parallelism is the passage’s central deity-of-Christ argument and must survive translation intact; shares root ישע with both ישועה and ישוע. |
| 11 | Apostle | ἀπόστολος | שליח | shaliach | Medium | Apostleship | REUSED | Per baseline. |
| 12 | Elder | πρεσβύτερος | זקן | zaken | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | NEW | Robust positive existing category (Zekenei ha-am); must be taught as a specific teaching/shepherding office, used interchangeably with ἐπίσκοπος in Titus 1:5-7; distinguish from the age-descriptive plural πρεσβύτας/πρεσβύτιδας (2:2-3) sharing the same root. |
| 13 | Overseer | ἐπίσκοπος | פקיד | paqid | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | NEW | Deliberately avoids the שגח root already flagged in baseline for “providence” (kosher-supervision-label collision). |
| 14 | Steward | οἰκονόμος | סוכן | sochen | Low-Medium | Qualifications for Elders | NEW | ”Steward of God’s household” describing derived, entrusted authority. |
| 15 | Blameless | ἀνέγκλητος | תמים | tamim | Medium | Qualifications for Elders | NEW | Positive resonance with Noah and unblemished sacrifice; reputational, not sinless-perfection, standard. |
| 16 | Sound Doctrine | διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα | הוראה בריאה | hora’ah beri’ah | Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | NEW | NEVER render διδασκαλία/διδαχή as תורה — that root is reserved exclusively for νόμος (the Law) in the baseline; conflating the two would blur Paul’s own distinction between apostolic teaching and Torah/myth-based teaching in this very letter. |
| 17 | Good Works | καλὰ ἔργα / ἔργον ἀγαθόν | מעשים טובים / מעשה טוב | ma’asim tovim / ma’aseh tov | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW | Recurs at 1:16, 2:7, 2:14, 3:1, 3:8, 3:14. Existing positive Jewish ethical category (alongside גמילות חסדים) but risk that it is heard as meritorious/salvific rather than as fruit flowing from grace and regeneration; especially acute where 3:5 (“not by works”) and 3:8 (“devote themselves to good works”) sit in close proximity. |
| 18 | Godliness | εὐσέβεια | יראת שמים | yirat shamayim | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | Robust, positive existing Rabbinic piety category, but tightly bound in Jewish self-understanding to Torah/mitzvah-observance; must be taught as flowing from grace’s training (Titus 2:11-12), not a return to a merit-based piety framework. |
| 19 | Ungodliness | ἀσέβεια | רשעות | rish’ut | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | Chosen as a clean antonym of יראת שמים rather than a יראה-root negation. |
| 20 | Trains/Disciplines | παιδεύω (παιδεύουσα) | מחנכת | mechanechet | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | Anchor verb of the doctrine; must retain an active, ongoing, formative sense — not merely punitive correction nor passive influence. |
| 21 | Self-Controlled/Sober-minded | σώφρων / σωφρόνως / σωφροσύνη | מתון / במתינות / מתינות | matun / be-metinut / metinut | Low-Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | Straightforward Modern Hebrew moderation vocabulary; low collision risk. |
| 22 | Worldly Desires | κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι | תשוקות העולם הזה | ta’avot ha-olam ha-zeh | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | ”Olam hazeh” is a positive existing Rabbinic category (vs. olam ha-ba); must clarify the phrase targets disordered desire, not the created world as evil. |
| 23 | This Present Age | ὁ νῦν αἰών | העולם הזה | ha-olam ha-zeh | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | A temporal/eschatological category, not mere geography; genuine asset via the existing olam hazeh/olam haba framework. |
| 24 | Blessed Hope | μακαρία ἐλπίς | תקווה מאושרת | tikvah me’usheret | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | תקווה carries strong secular-national resonance via “Hatikvah”; must be anchored explicitly to Christ’s personal, eschatological return. |
| 25 | Appearing (1st coming) / Appearing (2nd coming) | ἐπεφάνη / ἐπιφάνεια | הופיע / התגלות | hofi’a / hitgalut | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit; Messianic Promise | NEW | The verb/noun pair across 2:11, 2:13, 3:4 is the linguistic anchor for the two-comings framework the baseline already flags as needing explicit teaching against the mainstream Rabbinic one-unbroken-reign expectation; consistency across all occurrences is essential. |
| 26 | Great God and Savior (Deity of Christ) | ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός | אלוהינו הגדול ומושיענו, ישוע המשיח | Eloheinu ha-gadol u-moshi’einu, Yeshua ha-Mashiach | Critical | Deity of Christ | NEW (title); REUSED (components) | Titus 2:13’s single-referent grammar (Sharp’s rule) must be preserved intact — structurally parallel to Romans 9:5, requiring the same theologian-level handling the baseline mandates there. |
| 27 | Redeem/Redemption | λυτρόω / λύτρωσις | לגאול / גאולה | lig’ol / ge’ulah | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW (verb form); REUSED (baseline concept, kept distinct from ישועה) | Per baseline’s own instruction that ge’ulah is related to but distinct from yeshu’ah; positive Exodus/Messianic-age resonance, with the same corporate-deliverance-default risk already flagged for salvation. |
| 28 | Lawlessness | ἀνομία | פשע | pesha | Critical | Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW | FORBIDDEN: any literal calque suggesting “without/against Torah” (e.g. אי-תורה), since νόμος is reserved exclusively for תורה in the baseline; פשע (transgression/rebellion) avoids implying Torah-observance itself is the problem. |
| 29 | Purify/Cleanse | καθαρίζω | לטהר | letaher | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW | Resonant with Levitical tahor/tamei vocabulary; must be clarified as moral/spiritual, not additionally requiring ritual purification steps. |
| 30 | People for [God’s] Possession | λαὸς περιούσιος | עם סגולה | am segulah | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works; Unity of Jews and Gentiles | NEW | Direct historic echo of Exodus 19:5/Deuteronomy 14:2’s own Hebrew סגולה; outstanding positive asset requiring the baseline’s Romans 11 grafting-in framework so it reads as shared, not replaced, election-status. |
| 31 | Zealous [for good works] | ζηλωτής | קנאי | kana’i | High | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | NEW | Carries Zealot-movement and Numbers 25 (Pinchas) historical-political freight; must be bounded to eager devotion, not militancy. Shares its root with κνin’ah/envy (Titus 3:3), a vice-sense of the same Hebrew root — context must disambiguate. |
| 32 | Kindness | χρηστότης | נדיבות | nedivut | Medium | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | Distinguished deliberately from חסד (grace, already reserved) to avoid collapsing two distinct Pauline terms into one Hebrew word. |
| 33 | Love for Mankind (Philanthropy) | φιλανθρωπία | אהבת האדם | ahavat ha-adam | High | Grace That Trains for Godly Living; Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | NEW | Modern Hebrew/Israeli usage has a secular loanword “פילנתרופיה” for charitable giving; risk that God’s own saving disposition is read as this-worldly humanitarianism — same collision pattern as the baseline’s tzedakah/charity flag. |
| 34 | Mercy | ἔλεος | רחמים | rachamim | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW | Strong positive liturgical resonance (Thirteen Attributes of Mercy); low collision risk provided kept distinct from חסד. |
| 35 | Washing | λουτρόν | טבילה | tevilah | High | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | NEW | The exact everyday Hebrew word for mikveh ritual immersion; requires explicit theologian framing distinguishing the once-for-all spiritual washing of new birth from (or its relation to) the ongoing halakhic practice. |
| 36 | Regeneration/New Birth | παλιγγενεσία | לידה מחדש | leidah mechadash | Critical | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | NEW | Most serious collision in the book: risk of association with גִּלְגּוּל (gilgul, reincarnation/transmigration of souls), a fundamentally different cyclical concept; must be explicitly taught as a single, once-for-all re-creation of the same person. |
| 37 | Renewal | ἀνακαίνωσις | התחדשות | hitchadshut | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | NEW | Must be kept visually/phonetically distinct from baseline’s התקדשות (hitkadshut, sanctification) — the two process-nouns are easily confused despite unrelated roots (חדש/new vs. קדוש/holy). |
| 38 | Poured Out [the Spirit] | ἐκχέω | לשפוך | lishpoch | Medium | Regeneration by the Holy Spirit | NEW | Direct verbal echo of Joel 2:28 (“I will pour out my Spirit”); should be taught as a deliberate scriptural cross-reference. |
| 39 | Heir | κληρονόμος | יורש | yoresh | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW | Ties to baseline’s High-risk “adoption” doctrine; teach alongside, not replacing, Israel’s birth-covenant sonship framework. |
| 40 | Eternal Life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | חיי עולם | chayei olam | Medium | Salvation by Grace not Works | NEW | Existing positive liturgical phrase (Torah-blessing line); must clarify present, personal possession through Christ, not only future world-to-come expectation. |
| 41 | Faithful is the Saying | πιστὸς ὁ λόγος | נאמן הדבר | ne’eman ha-davar | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | NEW | Fixed Pastoral Epistles formula (5 occurrences across the Pastorals); flag for future cross-curriculum consistency if 1-2 Timothy are added. |
| 42 | Submit/Submission | ὑποτάσσω | להיכנע | lehikanea | High | Submission to Authority | NEW | Ordinary Hebrew verb carries a strong capitulation/military-defeat connotation; must be taught as voluntary, principled deference, applied across wives (2:5), servants (2:9), and civil rulers (3:1). |
| 43 | Rulers and Authorities | ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι | שלטונות ורשויות | shiltonot ve-rashuyot | High | Submission to Authority | NEW | Parallel to Romans 13:1-7’s already-flagged sensitivity; lands with added historical weight for Hebrew-speaking readers given the history of Jewish communities under successive governing powers. |
| 44 | Master (of a slave) | δεσπότης | אדון | adon | Medium | Submission to Authority | NEW | Reuses the SAME Hebrew word the baseline reserves as Critical for Christ’s own Lordship title (echoing Adonai); Tanakh itself supports both senses, but the mundane sense here (2:9) requires contextual care not to dilute or be confused with the sacred sense applied to Christ elsewhere in the same curriculum. |
| 45 | Slave/Servant (of God, of men) | δοῦλος | עבד | eved | High | multiple | NEW | Rich positive OT category (eved Adonai, Isaiah’s Suffering Servant) but also carries literal-slavery historical weight; keep Paul’s honorific self-designation (1:1) distinct from the household-slavery instructions (2:9-10). |
| 46 | Conscience | συνείδησις | מצפון | matzpun | Medium | multiple | NEW | Standard Modern Hebrew; note as a distinctively NT internal-faculty emphasis alongside more externally/communally oriented Jewish moral-accountability categories already flagged under baseline’s “sin” entry. |
| 47 | Sound Teaching (adjective: healthy) | ὑγιαίνω / ὑγιής | בריא | bari | Critical | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | NEW | Governing adjective for #16 above; must always pair with הוראה, never with תורה. |
| 48 | Preaching/Proclamation | κήρυγμα | הכרזה | hachraza | Medium | multiple | NEW | Deliberately distinct from קריאה, already reserved by baseline for κλῆσις/κλητός (calling), to avoid confusing “the call to salvation” with “the act of preaching.” |
| 49 | Truth | ἀλήθεια | אמת | emet | Low-Medium | Sound Doctrine and Good Works | NEW | Deeply positive existing category (a divine attribute; “El emet”); low collision risk. |
| 50 | Jewish Myths | Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι | מיתוסים יהודיים | mitosim yehudi’im | Critical | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | FORBIDDEN: do not render μῦθος as אגדה (aggadah) — that word names a legitimate, respected genre of Rabbinic tradition; the loanword מיתוס keeps the criticism narrowly targeted. |
| 51 | Commandments of Men | ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων | תקנות אנשים | takanot anashim | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | FORBIDDEN: do not render ἐντολή here as מצווה (mitzvah), reserved for God’s own commandments; תקנה (an existing halakhic category of human-instituted regulation) resolves the collision. |
| 52 | Those of the Circumcision | οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς | אנשי המילה | anshei ha-milah | Critical | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | Must name a specific errant faction of false teachers, never read as a blanket criticism of circumcision/brit milah or of Jewish believers generally. |
| 53 | Foolish Controversies | μωραὶ ζητήσεις | פלפולים סרקים | pilpulim srakim | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | פלפול names the historic Rabbinic dialectical study method; risk of appearing to disparage that tradition. Consider the lower-risk alternative חקירות סרקים if review flags this as too loaded. |
| 54 | Genealogies | γενεαλογίαι | יוחסין | yuchasin | High | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | Names a category of major historical importance (priestly/Davidic lineage-verification, cf. baseline’s “seed_of_david”); must target speculative/contentious minutiae only, not the category of meaningful covenantal lineage itself. |
| 55 | Fights about the Law | μάχαι νομικαί | מחלוקות בעניני התורה | machlokot be-inyanei ha-Torah | Critical | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | Direct collision territory with baseline’s Critical “law” entry; must be anchored to the specific named opponents of 1:10-14, never read as license to disengage from Torah study/discussion generally. |
| 56 | Divisive Person | αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος | אדם פלגני | adam palgani | Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | Deliberately not rendered with כפירה (heresy/apostasy) vocabulary, to keep the sense at “factious/divisive” rather than importing a later technical doctrinal-deviance category. |
| 57 | Admonition | νουθεσία | תוכחה | tochachah | Low-Medium | Avoiding Divisive Controversies | NEW | Positive existing wisdom-literature term (Proverbs’ “tochachat chaim”). |
| 58 | Love | ἀγάπη | אהבה | ahavah | Low | Grace That Trains for Godly Living | NEW | Absent as a standalone entry in the Romans baseline; registered here for consistency given its recurrence (2:2, 2:4, 3:15). |
| 59 | Peace | εἰρήνη | שלום | shalom | Medium | multiple | REUSED | Per baseline. |
| 60 | Elect/Chosen | ἐκλεκτός | בחירי (אלוהים) | bechirei (Elohim) | High | multiple | REUSED (root) | Per baseline’s “election” entry; Titus 1:1 applies the corporate category and must be taught against the automatically-corporate default toward the individual/remnant sense. |
Terms Explicitly Reused from the Romans Baseline (No Modification)
The following baseline terms recur in Titus and MUST be used exactly as recorded in translation_memory.json: God (אלוהים), Jesus (ישוע), Christ/Messiah (המשיח), Holy Spirit (רוח הקודש), grace (חסד), faith (אמונה), righteousness (צדק), justification (ההצדקה), salvation (ישועה), apostle (שליח), peace (שלום), election/elect (בחירה root).
Forbidden Substitutions Specific to Titus (in addition to the baseline’s existing forbidden list)
- NEVER render διδασκαλία/διδαχή (“teaching/doctrine”) as תורה — reserved exclusively for νόμος.
- NEVER render μῦθος (“myth,” 1:14) as אגדה — a legitimate Rabbinic literary genre, not a synonym for falsehood.
- NEVER render ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων (“commandments of men,” 1:14) using מצווה — reserved for God’s own commandments; use תקנה instead.
- NEVER render ἀνομία (“lawlessness,” 2:14) with any construction implying “against/without Torah” — use פשע.
- NEVER let οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς (“those of the circumcision,” 1:10) read as a general statement about circumcision or Jewish believers rather than a specific errant faction.
- NEVER let μάχαι νομικαί (“fights about the law,” 3:9) read as license to disengage from Torah study or discussion generally.
Critical Risk Terms
God
Approved rendering: אלוהים
Transliteration: Elohim
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: no viable alternative word; the risk is entirely in content. The Shema’s ‘Hashem Echad’ is the single most central affirmation in Jewish identity. Titus 2:13 applies ‘great God’ directly to Christ via a Sharp’s-rule single-referent construction; Titus 3:4 and 3:6 apply the parallel title מושיע to God the Father and then to Christ two verses apart. Trinitarian language must be framed as compatible with, not a departure from, absolute divine unity.
Jesus
Approved rendering: ישוע
Transliteration: Yeshua
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: ישו
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: must always be spelled with the final ayin, ישוע; never the truncated ישו. Occurs throughout Titus (1:1,4; 2:13; 3:6) in direct parallel construction with divine titles applied to God the Father.
Messiah
Approved rendering: משיח
Transliteration: mashiach
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Rendered with the article as המשיח (ha-Mashiach) when following ישוע per established convention. Titus 2:13’s ‘Jesus Christ’ completes the single-referent Great-God-and-Savior title; requires the same theologian-level handling as Romans 9:5.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: רוח הקודש
Transliteration: Ruach HaKodesh
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: must be taught against both the ‘impersonal influence’ default and the Talmudic ‘departed from Israel’ tradition (Yoma 9b). In Titus 3:5-6 this term names the personal, permanent agent of a one-time new birth (regeneration) and its ongoing outpouring — a heavier doctrinal load per-verse than the baseline’s Romans calibration anticipated.
Righteousness
Approved rendering: צדק
Transliteration: tzedek
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: צדקה
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 3:5’s ‘not by works done in righteousness’ (מעשים בצדק) is the letter’s single strongest not-by-works statement; must not soften the exclusion of self-produced righteous deeds as saving ground, while framing the exclusion as soteriological, not a verdict against Torah-observant life as such.
Justification
Approved rendering: ההצדקה
Transliteration: ha-hatzdakah
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: δικαιωθέντες (δικαίωσις)
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL: baseline mandates the qualifying phrase ‘by faith’ (על ידי אמונה) always accompany this term. Titus 3:7 instead qualifies ‘by His grace’ (בחסדו) per the actual Greek. Retain Titus’s own grammar; do not silently substitute the baseline’s Romans-calibrated qualifier. Theologian review mandatory at every occurrence in Titus.
Salvation
Approved rendering: ישועה
Transliteration: yeshu’ah
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: גאולה
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Verb form הושיע (Titus 3:5, ἔσωσεν) must retain the individual, present, completed-act sense against the Jewish default toward corporate/national deliverance at the Messianic Age. Kept distinct from redemption/ge’ulah (see redemption entry below), per baseline’s own instruction.
Law
Approved rendering: תורה
Transliteration: Torah
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. CRITICAL in Titus specifically: 3:9’s ‘fights about the law’ (מחלוקות בענייני התורה) and Zenas’s title ὁ νομικός (3:13) both reuse this reserved root; must never be read as license to disengage from Torah study or discussion generally, but anchored strictly to the specific named opponents of 1:10-14. Also never render διδασκαλία/διδαχή (general NT ‘teaching/doctrine’) with this word — see sound_doctrine entry below.
Savior
Approved rendering: מושיע
Transliteration: moshi’a
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a transliterated Greek loanword
Original: σωτήρ
Category: Christology
NEW for this Language Package. Applied in strict parallel to both God the Father (1:3; 2:10; 3:4) and Jesus Christ (1:4; 2:13; 3:6). Shares root ישע with both ישועה (salvation) and ישוע (Yeshua) — a genuine positive etymological asset. The doctrinal risk is that this identical title must be applied to both the Father and the Son within a few verses of each other (3:4/3:6) as the passage’s central deity-of-Christ argument; any inconsistency in rendering across the two applications would obscure the identification Paul is making. Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Hebrew New World Translation is documented to render such parallel Savior-titles in ways that minimize this equivalence — do not echo.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: הוראה בריאה
Transliteration: hora’ah beri’ah
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: תורה בריאה, a transliteration of διδασκαλία
Original: διδασκαλία ὑγιαίνουσα / διδαχή
Category: Church
NEW. FORBIDDEN: never render διδασκαλία/διδαχή with תורה — that root is reserved exclusively for νόμος in the baseline. Using it would blur Paul’s own distinction between apostolic gospel-teaching and Torah/myth-based teaching (1:14) and risk implying gospel doctrine simply IS Torah. The qualifying adjective בריא (‘healthy/sound’) must be present at every occurrence (1:9; 2:1; 2:7-8; 2:10) — bare הוראה alone reads as mundane ‘lesson’ or a doctor’s ‘instructions.‘
Appearing Second Coming
Approved rendering: התגלות
Transliteration: hitgalut
Doctrine: Messianic Hope and the Two Appearings
Rejected alternatives: אפיפניה
Original: ἐπιφάνεια
Category: Christology
NEW. Titus 2:13 (ἐπιφάνεια). Must read as a distinct, future event from the first appearing (2:11/3:4) while using a cognate/parallel construction; this is the linguistic anchor for teaching the two-comings framework against the mainstream Rabbinic expectation of one unbroken Messianic reign (Rambam, Mishneh Torah, Laws of Kings 11-12). Consistency across all three occurrences (2:11, 2:13, 3:4) is essential.
Great God And Savior
Approved rendering: אלוהינו הגדול ומושיענו, ישוע המשיח
Transliteration: Eloheinu ha-gadol u-moshi’einu, Yeshua ha-Mashiach
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: a comma-split rendering separating ‘the great God’ from ‘our Savior’ as two referents
Original: ὁ μέγας θεὸς καὶ σωτὴρ ἡμῶν Ἰησοῦς Χριστός
Category: Christology
NEW. Titus 2:13’s Sharp’s-rule construction (one article governing two nouns joined by καί), structurally identical to Romans 9:5. Hebrew word order and single-referent grammar must be preserved intact and never varied for stylistic reasons at any occurrence. This is the single highest-stakes construction in the letter; the Jehovah’s Witnesses’ Hebrew New World Translation is documented to split this into two referents — any Phase 2 output resembling that pattern must be automatically escalated to theologian review regardless of assigned risk tier.
Lawlessness
Approved rendering: פשע
Transliteration: pesha
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Rejected alternatives: אי-תורה, נגד התורה
Original: ἀνομία
Category: Sin
NEW. FORBIDDEN: any literal calque implying ‘without/against Torah’ is prohibited, since νόμος is reserved exclusively for תורה in the baseline; such a calque would read as ‘redeemed from Torah’ (Titus 2:14), implying Torah-observance itself is the problem. פשע (transgression/rebellion) avoids this collision entirely.
Regeneration
Approved rendering: לידה מחדש
Transliteration: leidah mechadash
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: a transliterated Greek neologism
Original: παλιγγενεσία
Category: Regeneration
NEW. Titus 3:5, παλιγγενεσία — the anchor noun for the doctrine. The most serious collision risk in the whole book: risk of association with גִּלְגּוּל (gilgul), the Kabbalistic reincarnation/transmigration of a soul across multiple lives — a fundamentally different, cyclical concept. Must be explicitly taught as a single, once-for-all spiritual re-creation of the same person, never a transmigration into a new life or body. Requires a standing translator’s/theologian’s note at every occurrence.
Jewish Myths
Approved rendering: מיתוסים יהודיים
Transliteration: mitosim yehudi’im
Doctrine: False Teachers and Jewish Myths
Rejected alternatives: אגדה, סיפורי הבל יהודיים
Original: Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 1:14, Ἰουδαϊκοὶ μῦθοι. FORBIDDEN: do not render μῦθος as אגדה — a legitimate, respected genre of Rabbinic non-legal tradition. Using it would wrongly imply Paul dismisses that entire tradition as false. The loanword מיתוס keeps the criticism narrowly targeted at the specific speculative material Paul opposes, anchored to the named Cretan faction of 1:10-14, never generalized.
Circumcision Faction
Approved rendering: אנשי המילה
Transliteration: anshei ha-milah
Doctrine: False Teachers and Jewish Myths
Original: οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 1:10, οἱ ἐκ τῆς περιτομῆς. Must always appear with a faction-identifying modifier/clause; never stand as a bare phrase that could be misread as a statement about circumcision (ברית מילה, one of Judaism’s most sacred practices) generally, or about Jewish believers as a class. Requires theologian-level framing at every occurrence.
Fights About Law
Approved rendering: מחלוקות בענייני התורה
Transliteration: machlokot be-inyanei ha-Torah
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: μάχαι νομικαί
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 3:9, μάχας νομικάς. Direct collision territory with the baseline’s own Critical ‘law’ entry: read carelessly, this could sound like an instruction to disengage from Torah-related discussion altogether. Must be anchored explicitly to the named opponents of 1:10-14 (the circumcision faction’s contentious wrangling), never presented as a general statement about Torah.
High Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: אמונה
Transliteration: emunah
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: ביטחון
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Governs Titus 1:1,4,13; 2:2,10; 3:8,15.
Election
Approved rendering: בחירה
Transliteration: bechirah
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1’s ‘God’s elect’ (בחירי אלוהים) invokes Israel’s own robust corporate-chosenness category; must be taught toward the individual/remnant sense without implying supersession of Israel’s own prior corporate election.
Good Works
Approved rendering: מעשים טובים
Transliteration: ma’asim tovim
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: καλὰ ἔργα / ἔργον ἀγαθόν
Category: Church
NEW. Recurs at 1:16; 2:7,14; 3:1,8,14 — one of the letter’s most frequent phrases. An existing, richly positive Jewish ethical category (alongside גמילות חסדים), but ordinary usage carries at least implicit meritorious weight (mitzvot toward a heavenly account); Titus’s own sequencing (3:5 ‘not by works’ then 3:8 ‘devote themselves to good works,’ four verses apart) must be preserved through surrounding-clause framing so works are read strictly as fruit, never as partial ground, of salvation. Flag every occurrence for theologian review, especially where 3:5 and 3:8 sit in close proximity.
Godliness
Approved rendering: יראת שמים
Transliteration: yirat shamayim
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Ethics
NEW. Robust, positive existing Rabbinic piety category, but tightly bound in Jewish self-understanding to Torah/mitzvah-observance; must be taught as flowing from grace’s training (Titus 2:11-12), not as a return to a merit-based piety framework that would contradict 3:5’s own ‘not by works’ argument.
Trains Disciplines
Approved rendering: מחנכת
Transliteration: mechanechet
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: מייסרת (implies punitive chastisement)
Original: παιδεύω (παιδεύουσα)
Category: Ethics
NEW. Anchor verb of the doctrine (Titus 2:12, παιδεύουσα). Must not be rendered with a term implying only punitive chastisement (suggesting grace punishes) nor a term so soft it loses the active, ongoing, formative sense; מחנכת (the participle of חינוך, education/formation) retains the pedagogical, character-forming sense the Greek shares with παιδεία.
Appearing First Coming
Approved rendering: הופיע
Transliteration: hofi’a
Doctrine: Messianic Hope and the Two Appearings
Rejected alternatives: אפיפניה (loanword tied to the Christian liturgical feast of Epiphany)
Original: ἐπεφάνη (root ἐπιφαίνω)
Category: Christology
NEW. Titus 2:11; 3:4 (ἐπεφάνη). Must use the same Hebrew verb consistently at both occurrences so they read as the same historical event, forming one half of the two-comings pair completed by ἐπιφάνεια (2:13). The Epiphany loanword was deliberately rejected as importing an unwanted liturgical-calendar association.
Peoples Possession
Approved rendering: עם סגולה
Transliteration: am segulah
Doctrine: A People for God’s Own Possession
Original: λαὸς περιούσιος
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 2:14, λαὸν περιούσιον — the exact historic Hebrew phrase of Exodus 19:5/Deuteronomy 14:2, directly echoing Israel’s own election language. An outstanding positive asset but the single highest-stakes supersessionism risk in the letter: must be taught through the baseline’s Romans 11 grafting-in framework so it reads as the redeemed community sharing in, not replacing, Israel’s own segulah-status.
Zealous
Approved rendering: קנאי
Transliteration: kana’i
Doctrine: A People for God’s Own Possession
Original: ζηλωτής
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 2:14, ζηλωτής. Carries the historical-political freight of the Zealot movement’s armed revolt against Rome and of Pinchas’s violent zeal (Numbers 25); must be clearly bounded to eager devotion to good works, not militancy. Shares its root with the vice-sense ‘envy’ (קנאה) at Titus 3:3, less than one chapter away — context must disambiguate.
Love For Mankind
Approved rendering: אהבת האדם
Transliteration: ahavat ha-adam
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Grace
Rejected alternatives: פילנתרופיה (Modern Hebrew secular loanword)
Original: φιλανθρωπία
Category: Salvation
NEW. Titus 3:4, φιλανθρωπία. Modern Hebrew/Israeli usage has a direct secular loanword ‘פילנתרופיה’ for charitable giving; risk that God’s own saving disposition of love is heard as a this-worldly humanitarian program rather than the personal, saving love producing the new birth of 3:5-7 — the same collision pattern as the baseline’s tzedakah/charity flag under righteousness.
Washing
Approved rendering: טבילה
Transliteration: tevilah
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Rejected alternatives: a generic ‘cleansing’ term
Original: λουτρόν
Category: Regeneration
NEW. Titus 3:5, λουτρόν. The exact, everyday Hebrew word for mikveh ritual immersion, a live halakhic practice-category, not a neutral generic ‘washing.’ Requires explicit theologian-level framing distinguishing the once-for-all spiritual washing of regeneration from (without opposing) the ongoing halakhic practice.
Submission
Approved rendering: להיכנע
Transliteration: lehikanea
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Rejected alternatives: סר למשמעת (a softer ‘be subject to authority’ paraphrase)
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Ethics
NEW. Titus 2:1-5,9; 3:1, ὑποτάσσω. The ordinary Hebrew verb carries a strong capitulation/military-defeat connotation; must be taught as voluntary, principled deference, not coerced submission or defeat, across all three of its applications (household, servant, civil ruler). Do not soften to mere ‘respect’ in reactive paraphrase, and do not present as absolute uncritical obedience to any regime — render plainly and let doctrinal teaching carry the nuance.
Rulers Authorities
Approved rendering: שלטונות ורשויות
Transliteration: shiltonot ve-rashuyot
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: ἀρχαὶ καὶ ἐξουσίαι
Category: Ethics
NEW. Titus 3:1. Parallel to the baseline’s Romans 13:1-7 flag, but lands with added historical weight for Hebrew-speaking readers given the long history of Jewish communities under successive governing powers; must be taught as principled civil submission, not uncritical endorsement of any specific regime.
Slave Servant
Approved rendering: עבד
Transliteration: eved
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Ethics
NEW. Rich positive OT category (עבד ה’, ‘servant of the LORD,’ used of Moses, the prophets, and Isaiah’s Suffering Servant) but also carries the historical weight of literal slavery (Exodus’s ‘beit avadim’). Paul’s honorific self-designation (1:1, δοῦλος θεοῦ) must be kept distinct from the household-slavery instructions to enslaved believers (2:9-10), to avoid conflating two very different uses of the same root.
Commandments Of Men
Approved rendering: תקנות אנשים
Transliteration: takanot anashim
Doctrine: False Teachers and Jewish Myths
Rejected alternatives: מצוות אנשים
Original: ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 1:14, ἐντολαὶ ἀνθρώπων. FORBIDDEN: do not render ἐντολή here as מצווה, reserved in Jewish usage for God’s own commandments; using it for merely human rules being criticized risks disparaging the category of mitzvah itself. תקנה (an existing halakhic category of human-instituted regulation, distinct from divine מצווה) resolves this cleanly.
Foolish Controversies
Approved rendering: פלפולים סרקים
Transliteration: pilpulim srakim
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: חקירות סרקים (lower-risk fallback if review finds pilpul too disparaging by name)
Original: μωραὶ ζητήσεις
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 3:9, μωραὶ ζητήσεις. פלפול is the actual, historic name for the respected Rabbinic dialectical study method. The qualifier סרקים (empty/vain) is essential and load-bearing; if native-speaker review finds this too disparaging of the tradition by name, fall back to the neutral חקירות סרקים per the glossary’s own contingency note.
Genealogies
Approved rendering: יוחסין
Transliteration: yuchasin
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: γενεαλογίαι
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 3:9, γενεαλογίαι. Names a category of major historical importance in Second Temple Judaism (priestly/Davidic lineage-verification — the very category the baseline’s own ‘seed_of_david’ doctrine depends on positively). Must target speculative/contentious genealogical minutiae only, never devalue the category of meaningful covenantal lineage itself.
Medium Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: חסד
Transliteration: chesed
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: חן
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 2:11 personifies grace as itself appearing and saving/training (‘the grace of God…appeared…training us’), not merely an attribute — a heavier syntactic role than the baseline’s Romans usage. Titus 3:7 qualifies justification ‘by His grace’ (בחסדו) rather than the baseline’s usual ‘by faith’ qualifier for ha-hatzdakah; this variant must be preserved as written and flagged for theologian review as a correlative emphasis, not silently normalized to the Romans pattern.
Apostle
Approved rendering: שליח
Transliteration: shaliach
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:1. Main risk remains the modern secular overlay of shlichut as Jewish Agency emissary work.
Peace
Approved rendering: שלום
Transliteration: shalom
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Titus 1:4’s greeting formula ‘grace and peace’ (חסד ושלום).
Elder
Approved rendering: זקן
Transliteration: zaken
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: πρεσβύτερος
Category: Church
NEW. Robust positive existing category (Zekenei ha-am); used interchangeably with ἐπίσκοπος/overseer in Titus 1:5-7 (same office, two titles — not a two-tier hierarchy). Must be disambiguated from the age-descriptive plural πρεσβύτας/πρεσβύτιδας (2:2-3) sharing the same root; pair with an explicit office-marking modifier at first occurrence per document.
Overseer
Approved rendering: פקיד
Transliteration: paqid
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Rejected alternatives: משגיח
Original: ἐπίσκοπος
Category: Church
NEW. Deliberately avoids the שגח root already flagged in the baseline for ‘providence’ (kosher-supervision-label collision); some older Hebrew NT editions use משגיח for this office and must not be followed. פקיד’s Modern Hebrew register (office clerk) risks under-weighting the office’s spiritual gravity — consider a translator’s note at first occurrence.
Steward
Approved rendering: סוכן
Transliteration: sochen
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: οἰκονόμος
Category: Church
NEW. ‘Steward of God’s household’ (Titus 1:7) describing the elder’s derived, entrusted authority. Standard Modern Hebrew agent/manager term; low collision risk.
Blameless
Approved rendering: תמים
Transliteration: tamim
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
Original: ἀνέγκλητος
Category: Church
NEW. The controlling qualification-standard for elders (Titus 1:6-7). Positive resonance with Noah (‘tamim,’ Genesis 6:9) and unblemished sacrifice; must be clarified as reputational integrity before the community, not sinless perfection.
Ungodliness
Approved rendering: רשעות
Transliteration: rish’ut
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Rejected alternatives: חילול יראת שמים (a יראה-root negation)
Original: ἀσέβεια
Category: Ethics
NEW. Chosen as a clean antonym of יראת שמים rather than a יראה-root negation, avoiding an awkward double-negative construction on the same root. Flag for consistency check against εὐσέβεια’s positive rendering.
Self Controlled
Approved rendering: מתון / במתינות
Transliteration: matun / be-metinut
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: σώφρων / σωφρόνως
Category: Ethics
NEW. Recurring virtue across the letter’s ethical instruction (1:8; 2:2,4,5,6,12). Plain Modern Hebrew moderation/composure vocabulary; low collision risk.
Worldly Desires
Approved rendering: תשוקות העולם הזה
Transliteration: ta’avot/teshuqot ha-olam ha-zeh
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: κοσμικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Ethics
NEW. ‘Olam hazeh’ is a genuine, positive Rabbinic category (vs. olam ha-ba); no collision, but must be clear the phrase names disordered desire, not the created world itself as evil (Titus 2:12).
Present Age
Approved rendering: העולם הזה
Transliteration: ha-olam ha-zeh
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ὁ νῦν αἰών
Category: Eschatology
NEW. A temporal/eschatological category, not mere geography (Titus 2:12), set against the blessed hope of Christ’s future appearing. Matches the Rabbinic olam hazeh/olam ha-ba framework — a genuine positive asset here.
Blessed Hope
Approved rendering: תקווה מאושרת
Transliteration: tikvah me’usheret
Doctrine: Messianic Hope and the Two Appearings
Original: μακαρία ἐλπίς
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Titus 2:13. תקווה carries strong secular-national resonance via ‘Hatikvah,’ Israel’s national anthem; risk that ‘hope’ is heard as national/political rather than the personal eschatological hope Paul means. Must always occur with an explicit anchor to Christ’s return, never standing as a bare abstract-hope noun.
Redemption
Approved rendering: לגאול / גאולה
Transliteration: lig’ol / ge’ulah
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: λυτρόω / λύτρωσις
Category: Salvation
NEW verb form; concept itself is baseline-adjacent (ge’ulah kept distinct from yeshu’ah per baseline’s own instruction). Titus 2:14, λυτρώσηται. Positive Exodus/Messianic-age resonance, with the same corporate/national-deliverance-default risk already flagged for salvation in the baseline.
Purify
Approved rendering: לטהר
Transliteration: letaher
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: καθαρίζω
Category: Sanctification
NEW. Titus 2:14, καθαρίσῃ. Resonant with Levitical tahor/tamei purity vocabulary (a genuine asset); must be clarified as a moral/spiritual cleansing accomplished once by Christ, not a state requiring further ceremonial purification steps.
Kindness
Approved rendering: נדיבות
Transliteration: nedivut
Doctrine: Universal Scope of Grace
Original: χρηστότης
Category: Salvation
NEW. Titus 3:4, χρηστότης, paired with φιλανθρωπία to turn the vice-catalogue of 3:3 into grace’s arrival. Deliberately distinguished from חסד (grace, already reserved by the baseline) to avoid collapsing two distinct Pauline terms into one Hebrew word.
Mercy
Approved rendering: רחמים
Transliteration: rachamim
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: ἔλεος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Titus 3:5, ἔλεος — the positive ground replacing works. Strong positive liturgical resonance (the Thirteen Attributes of Mercy, ‘El rachum ve-chanun’); low collision risk provided kept distinct from חסד.
Renewal
Approved rendering: התחדשות
Transliteration: hitchadshut
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἀνακαίνωσις
Category: Regeneration
NEW. Titus 3:5, ἀνακαίνωσις. Must be kept visually/phonetically distinct from the baseline’s התקדשות (hitkadshut, sanctification, from קדוש/holy) — this process-noun is built on חדש (new) instead, and near-homophone confusion must be actively checked at every occurrence.
Poured Out
Approved rendering: לשפוך / שפך
Transliteration: lishpoch / shafach
Doctrine: Regeneration by the Holy Spirit
Original: ἐκχέω
Category: Regeneration
NEW. Titus 3:6, ἐξέχεεν. Direct verbal echo of Joel 2:28’s ‘I will pour out my Spirit’ (quoted in Acts 2); should be taught as a deliberate scriptural cross-reference, not merely a translation choice.
Heir
Approved rendering: יורש
Transliteration: yoresh
Doctrine: Salvation by Grace not Works
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Salvation
NEW. Titus 3:7, κληρονόμοι. Ties justification to the inheritance/adoption doctrine developed at length in Romans 8; must be taught alongside, not replacing, the baseline’s note that Israel’s sonship is by birth-covenant, not adoption.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: חיי עולם
Transliteration: chayei olam
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Hope
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
NEW. Titus 1:2; 3:7. An existing, positive liturgical phrase (cf. the Torah-blessing line ‘chayei olam nata betocheinu’); must clarify this is a personally possessed certainty through Christ (secured by justification, 3:7), not only a general future olam-ha-ba expectation.
Faithful Saying
Approved rendering: נאמן הדבר
Transliteration: ne’eman ha-davar
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: πιστὸς ὁ λόγος
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 3:8, Πιστὸς ὁ λόγος. A fixed formula recurring five times across the Pastoral Epistles; must be reused identically at all five occurrences if 1-2 Timothy are later added to this Language Package.
Master Despotes
Approved rendering: אדון
Transliteration: adon
Doctrine: Submission to Authority
Original: δεσπότης
Category: Ethics
NEW. Titus 2:9, δεσπότης, a slave’s human master. Reuses the SAME Hebrew word the baseline reserves as Critical for Christ’s own Lordship title (κύριος/Adon, echoing Adonai). Tanakh itself licenses both senses, so this is not a forbidden collision — but requires a contextual gloss at first occurrence wherever it sits near Christological Adon-language elsewhere in the same lesson, plus modern ethical-historical framing regarding literal slavery.
Conscience
Approved rendering: מצפון
Transliteration: matzpun
Doctrine: Purity of Conscience versus Defilement
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Ethics
NEW. Titus 1:15, συνείδησις. Standard Modern Hebrew; note that ‘conscience’ as an individual internal moral faculty is a distinctively NT emphasis alongside the more externally/communally oriented Jewish moral-accountability categories the baseline already flags under ‘sin.‘
Preaching
Approved rendering: הכרזה
Transliteration: hachraza
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Rejected alternatives: קריאה (reserved by baseline for calling)
Original: κήρυγμα
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 1:3, κήρυγμα. Deliberately NOT rendered קריאה, which the baseline already reserves for κλῆσις/κλητός (calling); using the same word for both concepts would confuse ‘the call to salvation’ with ‘the act of preaching.‘
Truth
Approved rendering: אמת
Transliteration: emet
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine and Good Works
Original: ἀλήθεια
Category: Church
NEW. Titus 1:1,14, ἀλήθεια. A deeply positive existing category (a divine attribute; ‘Torat emet,’ ‘El emet’); low collision risk, but should be distinguished contextually from truth-claims about Torah observance specifically, since 1:14 contrasts it with ‘Jewish myths.‘
Divisive Person
Approved rendering: אדם פלגני
Transliteration: adam palgani
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Rejected alternatives: כפירה-root vocabulary (heresy/apostasy)
Original: αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 3:10, αἱρετικὸς ἄνθρωπος. Deliberately not rendered with heresy/apostasy vocabulary, to keep the sense at ‘factious/divisive’ rather than importing a later, fixed doctrinal-deviance category αἱρετικός did not yet carry in its earliest NT sense.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: בעל אישה אחת
Transliteration: ba’al ishah echat
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Titus 1:6, μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἀνήρ. Not primarily a lexical risk; the Torah permitted polygamy in the patriarchal/monarchic period, though Second Temple Jewish practice had largely moved toward monogamy. Requires brief historical-background teaching alongside the qualification, not a translation-term substitution.
Priestly Dignity
Approved rendering: רְאוּיוֹת לְכָבוֹד קָדוֹשׁ
Transliteration: re’uyot le-khavod kadosh
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
NEW. Titus 2:3, ἱεροπρεπής, describing the demeanor expected of older women — language borrowed from priestly/sacred decorum. The priestly resonance is a genuine asset connecting ordinary believing women’s conduct to sacred dignity, without implying a literal priestly office; uses baseline’s כבוד (glory/weighty honor) as its root noun.
Low Risk Terms
Admonition
Approved rendering: תוכחה
Transliteration: tochachah
Doctrine: Avoiding Divisive Controversies
Original: νουθεσία
Category: Doctrine/Controversy
NEW. Titus 3:10, νουθεσία. A strong existing biblical-wisdom term (cf. Proverbs’ ‘tochachat chaim,’ life-giving reproof); positive resource, low collision risk.
Love Agape
Approved rendering: אהבה
Transliteration: ahavah
Doctrine: Grace That Trains for Godly Living
Original: ἀγάπη
Category: Ethics
NEW. Absent as a standalone entry in the Romans baseline; registered here for cross-document consistency given its recurrence across Titus (2:2,4; 3:15). Rendered plainly as אהבה; low collision risk.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: מכניס אורחים
Transliteration: makhnis orchim
Doctrine: Qualifications for Elders
NEW. Titus 1:8, φιλόξενος. A strong, well-loved existing Jewish ethical category (Abraham’s tent); genuinely positive resource, low collision risk.
Unlying God
Approved rendering: הָאֱלֹהִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא יְכַזֵּב
Transliteration: ha-Elohim asher lo yechazev
Doctrine: Eternal Life and Hope
NEW. Titus 1:2, ὁ ἀψευδὴς θεός. Grounds the reliability of the promise of eternal life and, by extension, the gospel itself; low collision risk, straightforward descriptive phrase.
Referenced passages