Core Glossary — Ephesians | English → Italian

Purpose

This glossary consolidates every load-bearing theological term identified across the full-book semantic analysis (07_semantic_analysis.md), covering Ephesians 1–6 in full. It is organized in two parts:

• Part A — Baseline Reuse Terms: Terms already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json/bible_term_registry.json. The Italian rendering is reused exactly, with no deviation. Where an Ephesians-specific nuance applies, it is noted but does not alter the fixed rendering.
• Part B — New Terms for This Curriculum: Terms not present in the baseline package, proposed for addition to the extended translation memory. Each entry supplies risk tier and grounded rationale consistent with the baseline’s risk-tier conventions.

Risk tiers follow the baseline’s doctrine_risk_registry.json definitions exactly: Critical (essential doctrine at stake, mandatory theologian review every occurrence), High (significant confusion/denominational-conflation risk, mandatory theologian review), Medium (clarity risk, native speaker review recommended), Low (minor imprecision risk, automated review sufficient).

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Part A — Baseline Reuse Terms (Reuse Exactly, No Deviation)

Term (English)	Italian Rendering	Baseline Risk	Ephesians Chapters	Reuse Note
Grace	grazia	High	1, 2, 3, 4, 6	Anchors Salvation by Grace through Faith doctrine; Eph 2:8 is a flagship verse alongside Romans 1:16-17/8:28/10:9-10 requiring identical cross-document consistency.
Faith	fede	Medium	1, 2, 3, 4, 6	Eph 2:8’s “through faith” is the instrument, never the ground, of salvation — grace is the ground.
Salvation	salvezza	Medium	1, 2, 6	Eph 2:5,8 “saved” (σεσωσμένοι, perfect tense) — assurance/completed-act nuance must be preserved.
Gospel	vangelo	Low	1, 3, 6	Eph 1:13, 3:6, 6:15,19 — “shoes of the gospel of peace” (6:15) combines with baseline “pace.”
Saints	santi	High	1, 2, 3, 5, 6	Corporate believer-designation; same canonized-intercessor collision risk as baseline.
Holy	santo	Medium	1, 2, 5	”Holy temple” (2:21), “holy apostles and prophets” (3:5).
Sanctification	santificazione	Medium	5	Underlies 5:26 “that he might sanctify her” (marriage/church typology).
Adoption	adozione filiale	Medium	1	Eph 1:5 predestined “unto adoption” — pairs directly with new term “predestinazione.”
Sin	peccato	High	2	Eph 2:1 “dead in your trespasses and sins” — see Part B “trasgressioni” for the paired term.
Law	legge	High	2	Eph 2:15 “the law of commandments” — scope carefully to ceremonial/dividing function per new term “abolire.”
Righteousness	giustizia	Critical	4, 5, 6	Eph 4:24 “new self created in righteousness”; 5:9 “fruit of light”; 6:14 “breastplate of righteousness.”
Church	chiesa	High	1, 3, 5	Eph 1:22-23, 3:10,21, 5:23-32 — same institutional-Catholic-Church collision risk as baseline; intensified here by the Body of Christ and marriage-mystery doctrines.
Peace	pace	Low	2, 4, 6	Eph 2:14-17 “he himself is our peace”; 4:3 “bond of peace”; 6:15 “gospel of peace.”
Glory	gloria	Medium	1, 3	Doxological refrain “to the praise of his glory” (1:6,12,14); 3:13,20-21.
Gentiles	pagani	Medium	2, 3	Central to Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine (chs. 2-3).
Israel	Israele	Medium	2	Eph 2:12 “commonwealth of Israel” — keep strictly theological/historical per baseline caution.
Election	elezione	High	1	Eph 1:4 “he chose us” — paired tightly with new term “predestinazione”; distinguish the two.
Intercession	intercessione	High	6	Eph 6:18-20 Paul requests prayer support — not saints’/Marian intercession; same disambiguation discipline as baseline.
Mission	missione	Medium	3, 6	Paul’s apostolic commission (3:1-13) and “ambassador in chains” (6:19-20).
Power of God	potenza di Dio	Medium	1, 3	Eph 1:19-21’s four-synonym power cluster; 3:20 “the power at work within us.”
Spiritual Gifts	carismi	Medium	—	Not directly lexically present in Ephesians (ch.4 uses δωρεά/δόμα, a distinct term — see Part B); retained here only for cross-curriculum doctrinal continuity and to mark the necessary distinction.
Kingdom of God	Regno di Dio	Medium	5	Eph 5:5 “no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God.”
Jesus / Christ	Gesù / Cristo	Low/Critical	throughout	Stable across all six chapters.
God	Dio	Medium	throughout	Stable.
Holy Spirit	Spirito Santo	Medium	1, 4, 5, 6	Eph 1:13 (sealing), 4:30 (grieving), 5:18 (filling), 6:17-18 (sword/prayer).
Father	Padre	Medium	1, 2, 3, 6	Eph 1:2,3,17; 2:18; 3:14-15; 6:23.
Lord	Signore	High	1, 4, 5, 6	Eph 4:5 “one Lord”; 5:20; must be kept sharply distinct from new term “padroni” (human masters, 6:5,9) — see Part B, Critical.
Thanksgiving	ringraziamento	Low	1, 5	Eph 1:16; 5:4,20.

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Part B — New Terms for This Curriculum (Proposed Extended Translation Memory Entries)

Term (English)	Original (Greek)	Transliteration	Italian Rendering	Risk	Ephesians Chapters	Grounded Risk Reason
Predestination	προορίζω	proorizō	predestinazione / predestinato	Critical	1	Direct Reformed-sovereign-grace vs. Catholic-Thomistic-synergistic flashpoint; risk of folk-fatalistic (“destino”) misreading; distinct from but tightly paired with baseline’s High-risk “election” — the curriculum names this its own doctrine, requiring careful coordination of the two terms.
Trespasses	παράπτωμα	paraptōma	trasgressioni	Medium	2	Distinct nuance from baseline’s “peccato” (ἁμαρτία); Italian tends to flatten both to “peccati,” losing Paul’s rhetorical doubling in Eph 2:1.
Age/course (of this world)	αἰών	aiōn	il corso/sistema di questo mondo	Medium	2	Literal “secolo” risks a “century” misreading in ordinary Italian rather than the cosmic-moral-order sense intended.
Prince of the power of the air	ἄρχων τῆς ἐξουσίας τοῦ ἀέρος	archōn tēs exousias tou aeros	il principe della potestà dell’aria	High	2	Intersects Italy’s live folk-Catholic exorcism/spiritual-protection culture; risk of either sensationalized or dismissive misreading.
Mystery	μυστήριον	mystērion	mistero	High	1, 3, 5, 6	Catholic sacramental/liturgical “mistero” usage (Rosary Mysteries, mistero pasquale) risks readers hearing a venerated liturgical mystery rather than Paul’s revealed-content-formerly-hidden sense; acute at Eph 5:32 (marriage) — see below.
Dispensation/Stewardship	οἰκονομία	oikonomia	economia (della grazia/salvezza)	Medium	1, 3	”Economia” primarily signals monetary economics in ordinary Italian; requires clarifying gloss despite existing Catholic theological precedent (“economia della salvezza”).
Sealed (by the Spirit)	σφραγίζω / σφραγίς	sphragizō / sphragis	sigillo / sigillare	High	1	Italian Catholic catechesis names Confirmation “il sigillo dello Spirito Santo”; risk of readers defaulting to that sacramental rite rather than the immediate sealing of every believer at conversion described in Eph 1:13.
Down payment / guarantee	ἀρραβών	arrabōn	caparra	Medium	1	Vivid, well-established Italian commercial idiom (real-estate deposit); low collision, positively concrete.
One new man/humanity	καινὸς ἄνθρωπος	kainos anthrōpos	un solo uomo nuovo	Medium	2	Generic “uomo” (=humanity/person) must not be read as gender-specific; follow established CEI phrasing.
Abolish (the Law’s dividing function)	καταργέω	katargeō	annullare / abolire	High	2	Must be scoped to the ceremonial/boundary-marking function of the Law, not read as abrogating all moral law — risk of confusion with baseline’s Thomistic-natural-law-inflected “legge” entry.
Reconcile / Reconciliation	ἀποκαταλλάσσω	apokatallassō	riconciliare / riconciliazione	High	2	”Riconciliazione” is the official post-Vatican-II Catholic name for the Sacrament of Confession/Penance; readers may default to the confessional rite rather than Christ’s once-for-all cross-work.
Access	προσαγωγή	prosagōgē	accesso	Medium	2, 3	The “no mediating hierarchy required” sense must be preserved carefully in a culture where sacramental/priestly mediation is culturally prominent (cf. baseline “intercession”).
Household of God	οἰκεῖοι τοῦ θεοῦ	oikeioi tou theou	famiglia di Dio	Medium	2	Literal “casa di Dio” risks a “house of God” = church-building misreading; “famiglia” preserves the relational/kinship sense.
Baptism	βάπτισμα	baptisma	battesimo	High	4	”One baptism” (Eph 4:5) asserted amid genuinely divergent lived practice across Italy’s Christian traditions (Catholic/Waldensian infant baptism vs. Pentecostal/evangelical believer’s baptism) — real pastoral tension against the text’s unity claim.
Body of Christ	σῶμα (Χριστοῦ)	sōma (Christou)	corpo (di Cristo)	Critical	1, 4, 5	”Corpo di Cristo” is the exact liturgical formula spoken at every Catholic Mass at Communion; the single strongest sacramental-collision risk in this glossary — mandatory explicit disambiguation (“il corpo di Cristo, cioè la Chiesa”) at first use and periodically thereafter.
Head	κεφαλή	kephalē	capo	High	1, 4, 5	Doubles as ordinary secular “il capo” (the boss), risking a flat corporate-hierarchy reading of an organic, life-giving headship image; intensified at 5:23 by gender-role sensitivities.
Gift(s) (ministry offices)	δωρεά / δόμα	dōrea / doma	dono / doni	Medium	4	Distinct from baseline’s “carismi” (χάρισμα, individual Spirit-enablement); here the “gifts” ARE the office-bearers given to the church — must be contextually distinguished to avoid conflation.
Evangelists	εὐαγγελισταί	euangelistai	evangelizzatori (NOT “evangelisti”)	High	4	”Evangelisti” in Italian religious/artistic culture overwhelmingly denotes the four Gospel-writers, iconically depicted in virtually every Italian basilica dome; CEI itself avoids this collision using “evangelizzatori,” a solution to be followed.
Pastors	ποιμένες	poimenes	pastori	High	4	Same word carries divergent institutional/polity expectations across Catholic (priestly/episcopal) and Waldensian/Pentecostal/evangelical (local congregational minister) usage in Italy.
Teachers	διδάσκαλοι	didaskaloi	maestri	Medium	4	Avoid “dottori,” which in modern Italian primarily signals a medical doctor or PhD-holder.
Equipping	καταρτισμός	katartismos	rendere idonei (avoid “perfezionamento”)	Medium-High	4	”Perfezionamento” risks a sinless-perfection misreading; follow CEI’s safer functional-readiness rendering.
Old self / New self	παλαιὸς / καινός ἄνθρωπος	palaios / kainos anthrōpos	l’uomo vecchio / l’uomo nuovo	Medium	4	Parallels Romans 6’s “old self” (baseline’s christian_identity_in_christ doctrine); ensure cross-curriculum consistency with the Romans rendering convention.
Renewal of the mind	ἀνανέωσις / ἀνακαίνωσις	ananeōsis / anakainōsis	rinnovamento della mente	Medium	4	”Rinnovamento” is the exact name of the Catholic Charismatic Renewal movement (“Rinnovamento nello Spirito Santo”); context must prevent narrowing Paul’s general sanctification call to that specific movement.
Submit	ὑποτάσσω	hypotassō	sottomettersi	High	5	Mutual-submission framing (5:21) must not be severed from wife-specific application (5:22), or the passage reads as one-directional authoritarian subordination rather than the reciprocal, Christ-patterned relationship Paul intends.
The great mystery (marriage)	τὸ μυστήριον τοῦτο μέγα	to mystērion touto mega	questo mistero è grande	Critical	5	Direct proof-text underlying Catholic sacramental theology of marriage (one of seven sacraments); Protestant/evangelical reading treats this as profound analogy without instituting a sacrament — a live denominational flashpoint requiring explicit framing.
Slaves/Bondservants	δοῦλοι	douloi	schiavi	High	6	First-century household slavery, not equivalent to modern employment; must avoid both sanitizing euphemism and anachronistic conflation with chattel slavery’s modern legacy.
Masters (human)	κύριοι	kyrioi	padroni (NEVER “Signore” in this sense)	Critical	6	Same Greek word (κύριος) elsewhere reserved exclusively for Christ’s Lordship in baseline’s “lord” entry; here it genuinely denotes an earthly master and must be kept sharply distinct from “Signore” throughout the curriculum.
Rulers, authorities, cosmic powers, spiritual forces of evil	ἀρχαί, ἐξουσίαι, κοσμοκράτορες, πνευματικὰ τῆς πονηρίας	archai, exousiai, kosmokratores, pneumatika tēs ponērias	principati, potestà, dominatori di questo mondo di tenebra, spiriti del male	High-Critical	6	Intersects Italy’s culturally live folk-Catholic exorcism/spiritual-protection tradition; double risk of horror/occult-media sensationalizing or secular dismissal as superstition — anchors the Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God doctrine.
Armor of God	πανοπλία τοῦ θεοῦ	panoplia tou theou	armatura di Dio	Medium	6	Vivid, stable military metaphor; low ambiguity.
Schemes	μεθοδεία	methodeia	insidie / astuzie	Medium	6	Deliberate deceptive strategy, not random temptation.
Workmanship	ποίημα	poiēma	opera (sua)	High	2	Near-homophonic collision within the same passage with “opere” (works, Eph 2:9, plural) which Paul explicitly excludes as the ground of salvation — Italian’s shared root risks blurring the very antithesis (God’s making us vs. our own deeds) Paul draws between v.9 and v.10.
Works (excluded as ground of salvation)	ἔργα	erga	opere	Critical	2	Direct Ephesians parallel to the baseline’s Critical grace/justification flashpoint (Trent’s “fede operante per carità” vs. sola fide); Eph 2:9 is a primary proof-text requiring the same mandatory theologian review as baseline’s imputed_righteousness entry.
Good works (fruit, not ground, of salvation)	ἔργα ἀγαθά	erga agatha	buone opere	Critical	2	Must be rendered so the contrast with “opere” (v.9, excluded as ground) is unmistakable — v.10’s good works are grace’s fruit and purpose, never salvation’s basis; the two verses together are a single doctrinal unit requiring coordinated, non-contradictory rendering.
Redemption	ἀπολύτρωσις	apolytrōsis	redenzione	Low-Medium	1	Generally reinforcing given Italy’s “Cristo Redentore” devotional/artistic tradition; ensure the “price paid” sense is not lost to a generic “liberation” gloss.
Fellow heirs / partakers	συγκληρονόμος, συμμέτοχος	synklēronomos, symmetochos	co-eredi / co-partecipi	Low-Medium	3	Ensure “equal share,” not “junior share,” is clear.
Ambassador	πρεσβεύω	presbeuō	ambasciatore	Low	6	Delegated official authority, not personal opinion.

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Doctrine-to-Term Cross-Reference (Curriculum Doctrines)

Curriculum Doctrine	Key Terms (Part A + Part B)
Salvation by Grace through Faith	grazia, fede, salvezza, dono, opere, buone opere, opera (poiēma)
Election and Predestination in Christ	elezione, predestinazione
The Church as the Body of Christ	chiesa, corpo (di Cristo), capo, pienezza
Unity of Jews and Gentiles in One New Humanity	pagani, Israele, un solo uomo nuovo, muro di separazione, riconciliare, accesso, famiglia di Dio, co-eredi
The Mystery of Christ Revealed	mistero, rivelazione, economia (della grazia)
Spiritual Warfare and the Armor of God	armatura di Dio, insidie, principati/potestà/dominatori/spiriti del male, il principe della potestà dell’aria
Household Codes and Christ-Centered Relationships	sottomettersi, capo, il grande mistero (matrimonio), schiavi, padroni
Gifts for Building Up the Church	dono/doni, evangelizzatori, pastori, maestri, rendere idonei, edificazione, carismi (distinguished)
Walking in Newness of Life	camminare, l’uomo vecchio/l’uomo nuovo, rinnovamento della mente, figli della luce, siate ripieni di Spirito

End of 08_core_glossary.md

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Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: giustizia
Transliteration: giustizia (di Dio)
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: virtù
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Must be read as God’s saving, gift-status righteousness, not the retributive legal system. Ephesians uses it more often in its ethical-fruit sense (4:24 new self’s created character; 5:9 fruit of light; 6:14 breastplate) than Romans’ forensic-declaration sense; context must clarify which is active.

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Lord

Approved rendering: Signore
Transliteration: Signore
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: padrone
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package, risk tier elevated to Critical for this curriculum. ‘Signore’ also doubles as the everyday polite title ‘Mr./sir’. CRITICAL cross-reference: the SAME Greek word kyrios is used in Eph 6:5,9 for human household masters, which MUST be rendered ‘padroni’, NEVER ‘Signore’ — see the new ‘masters’ entry. Also Eph 4:5 (‘one Lord’), 5:20.

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Resurrection

Approved rendering: risurrezione
Transliteration: risurrezione
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις (implied in ἐγείρω, 1:20)
Category: Eschatology

Inherited from Romans package, risk tier elevated to Critical for this curriculum given Eph 1:20’s foundational role. Bodily, historical, once-for-all event. Must be kept sharply distinct from the believer’s participatory ‘syn-’ compounds (raised WITH Christ, Eph 2:5-6) — see ‘union_with_christ_syn_compounds’.

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High Risk Terms

Grace

Approved rendering: grazia
Transliteration: grazia
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: favore
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Catholic sacramental grazia vs. Waldensian/evangelical sola gratia; render as wholly unmerited. Ephesians 2:8 is this curriculum’s flagship grace verse, parallel to Romans 1:16-17/8:28/10:9-10, and requires the same fixed-rendering discipline across every document. Also at 1:6-7, 2:5, 2:7, 3:2,7-8, 4:7, 6:24.

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Saints

Approved rendering: santi
Transliteration: santi
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Italy’s intense saint-veneration culture; must not imply canonized-elite intercessors. Corporate believer designation recurring throughout Ephesians (1:1,15,18; 2:19; 3:8,18; 4:12; 5:3; 6:18).

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Sin

Approved rendering: peccato
Transliteration: peccato
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. The colloquial idiom ‘che peccato!’ risks trivializing; must retain forensic/moral gravity. Eph 2:1 pairs ‘peccati’ with the new term ‘trasgressioni’ (paraptōma) for Paul’s rhetorical doubling.

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Law

Approved rendering: legge
Transliteration: legge
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Capitalize as ‘la Legge’ for Torah/Mosaic law. Eph 2:15’s ‘the law of commandments and ordinances’ must be scoped to the ceremonial/dividing function abolished in Christ, not all moral law — see ‘abolish’ entry.

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Church

Approved rendering: chiesa
Transliteration: chiesa
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Capitalized ‘la Chiesa’ denotes the institutional Catholic Church; risk intensified in Ephesians by the Body of Christ and marriage-mystery doctrines built directly on this term (1:22-23; 3:10,21; 5:23-32).

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Election

Approved rendering: elezione
Transliteration: elezione
Doctrine: Effectual Calling
Original: ἐκλέγομαι / ἐκλογή
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Collides with ‘elezioni politiche’; Catholic Thomistic synergism differs from Reformed assumptions. Eph 1:4 ‘he chose us before the foundation of the world’ — must be distinguished from, yet coordinated with, the new term ‘predestinazione’ (1:5,11).

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Intercession

Approved rendering: intercessione
Transliteration: intercessione
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Original: προσευχή / δέησις (ὑπὲρ)
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Catholic Marian/saints intercession culture is the strongest pull toward a false default reading. Cross-referenced with the new term ‘prayer_and_supplication’ (Eph 6:18-20, Paul’s request for ordinary petitionary prayer, not saintly mediation).

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Father

Approved rendering: Padre
Transliteration: Padre
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Also the Catholic priestly title (‘Padre Pio’). Especially relevant near the wordplay with patria (‘every family’) at Eph 3:14-15; also 1:2,3,17; 2:18; 6:23.

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Called

Approved rendering: chiamato
Transliteration: chiamato
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλητός / καλέω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive across senses. In Eph 4:1,4 the effectual-calling-to-salvation sense is active, grounding the sevenfold unity litany (4:4-6).

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Calling

Approved rendering: chiamata
Transliteration: chiamata
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: vocazione (clergy-narrowing risk)
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. ‘Vocazione’ overwhelmingly connotes priestly/religious-life calling in Italy; reserve exclusively for such contexts, never for the general believer’s calling. Eph 1:18 ‘the hope to which he has called you’; 4:1,4 ‘the calling to which you have been called’.

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Covenant

Approved rendering: alleanza
Transliteration: alleanza
Doctrine: Davidic Covenant
Rejected alternatives: patto (more contract-like)
Original: διαθήκη (αἱ διαθῆκαι τῆς ἐπαγγελίας)
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package, risk tier elevated to High for this curriculum. Eph 2:12: Gentiles were formerly ‘strangers to the covenants of promise’ — requires OT background explanation for biblically unchurched readers.

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Providence

Approved rendering: provvidenza
Transliteration: provvidenza
Doctrine: Providence
Original: πρόνοια (cf. Eph 1:11 “works all things according to the purpose of his will”)
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package, risk tier elevated to High for this curriculum given its direct link to predestination. Manzoni’s ‘la Provvidenza’ literary resonance risks a more fatalistic reading than Eph 1:11’s promise of purposive, personal fatherly care.

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Medium Risk Terms

Faith

Approved rendering: fede
Transliteration: fede
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Comparatively lower secular-flattening risk than French/Swedish cognates. In Eph 2:8 ‘per fede’ must not read as faith itself being a meritorious contribution alongside grace; also 1:15, 3:12, 3:17, 6:16, 6:23.

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Salvation

Approved rendering: salvezza
Transliteration: salvezza
Doctrine: Salvation
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Risk is general biblical illiteracy amid de-churching rather than a competing rendering. Eph 2:5,8’s Greek perfect tense (‘having been saved, and remaining so’) must not collapse into an uncertain ongoing process; also 1:13, 6:17 (‘elmo della salvezza’).

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Holy

Approved rendering: santo
Transliteration: santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Set apart for God and morally pure. Describes the church (1:4), the temple (2:21), and the apostles/prophets (3:5).

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Sanctification

Approved rendering: santificazione
Transliteration: santificazione
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. The Spirit’s ongoing work of making believers holy; applied typologically to Christ’s sanctifying of the church at Eph 5:26.

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Adoption

Approved rendering: adozione filiale
Transliteration: adozione filiale
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Rejected alternatives: adozione (bare, legal-procedural)
Original: υἱοθεσία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Bare ‘adozione’ defaults to modern legal-procedural child adoption. Eph 1:5: predestined ‘unto adoption’ — tightly paired with the new term ‘predestinazione’.

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Glory

Approved rendering: gloria
Transliteration: gloria
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. God’s radiant presence and honor. Anchors the doxological refrain ‘a lode della sua gloria’ (1:6,12,14) and Paul’s prayer for glory in the church (3:13,20-21).

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Gentiles

Approved rendering: pagani
Transliteration: pagani
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: genti
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Carries the same pejorative connotation as baseline. Central to Unity of Jews and Gentiles doctrine (2:11; 3:1,6,8); ensure Eph 2’s reconciliation emphasis is not lost.

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Israel

Approved rendering: Israele
Transliteration: Israele
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: יִשְׂרָאֵל / Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Keep referent historical/theological. Eph 2:12 ‘commonwealth of Israel’ and ‘covenants of promise’ — avoid conflation with the modern nation-state.

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Mission

Approved rendering: missione
Transliteration: missione
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Original: ἀποστολή / πρεσβεύω
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Less acute postcolonial critique in Italy than in France. Paul’s apostolic commission (Eph 3:1-13) and ‘ambassador in chains’ self-description (6:19-20).

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Power Of God

Approved rendering: potenza di Dio
Transliteration: potenza di Dio
Doctrine: Power of God for Salvation
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Sovereign, saving capability. Eph 3:20 ‘the power at work within us’; distinct from, though related to, the new four-synonym power cluster of Eph 1:19-21 (see ‘divine_power_synonyms’).

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Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: carismi
Transliteration: carismi
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: doni naturali
Original: χάρισμα (cf. δωρεά/δόμα, Eph 4:7-8)
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Italy’s three-way engagement: Catholic Charismatic Renewal, Pentecostal Assemblee di Dio, traditional evangelicals. Not directly lexically present in Ephesians (which uses dōrea/doma for ministry OFFICES instead — see ‘ministry_gifts_offices’); retained for cross-curriculum continuity and must be kept contextually distinct from that new term.

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Kingdom Of God

Approved rendering: Regno di Dio
Transliteration: Regno di Dio
Doctrine: Kingdom Mission
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ Χριστοῦ καὶ θεοῦ
Category: Kingdom

Inherited from Romans package. Eph 5:5 ‘no inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and of God’ — distinguish from a political/territorial kingdom.

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God

Approved rendering: Dio
Transliteration: Dio
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Strong nominal/cultural Catholic identity persists alongside eroding lived theological literacy. The subject of Ephesians’ opening doxology (1:3-14) and the letter’s theological grounding throughout.

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Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Spirito Santo
Transliteration: Spirito Santo
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Personal, divine third Person of the Trinity; no competing deity-concept risk in Italian culture. Active in sealing (1:13), access (2:18), indwelling (2:22), unity (4:3-4), grieving (4:30), filling (5:18), and the armor of God (6:17-18).

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Apostle

Approved rendering: apostolo
Transliteration: apostolo
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. Distinguish from a generic messenger or guru role. Paul’s self-designation (Eph 1:1); one of the church’s foundation offices (2:20; 3:5; 4:11).

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Low Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: vangelo
Transliteration: vangelo
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Shared, stable term across the Catholic CEI translation and Protestant Diodati/Riveduta tradition. In Ephesians: 1:13, 3:6, 6:15 (‘vangelo della pace’, combining with baseline ‘pace’), 6:19.

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Peace

Approved rendering: pace
Transliteration: pace
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. In Ephesians the specific nuance is the abolition of Jew-Gentile hostility (2:14-17, ‘egli stesso è la nostra pace’), distinct from Romans 5:1’s peace-with-God emphasis; also 4:3 (‘vincolo della pace’), 6:15 (‘vangelo della pace’).

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Jesus

Approved rendering: Gesù
Transliteration: Gesù
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Stable across all Italian traditions; appears throughout Ephesians almost always paired with ‘Cristo’ or ‘Signore’.

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Thanksgiving

Approved rendering: ringraziamento
Transliteration: ringraziamento
Doctrine: Thanksgiving
Original: εὐχαριστία
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Standard term; mild register overlap with everyday ‘grazie’. Eph 1:16, 5:4, 5:20.

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Prophet

Approved rendering: profeta
Transliteration: profeta
Doctrine: Inspiration of Scripture
Original: προφήτης
Category: Covenant

Inherited from Romans package. Part of the church’s revelatory foundation (Eph 2:20; 3:5) and one of the ministry offices Christ gives (4:11).

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Exhort

Approved rendering: esortare
Transliteration: esortare
Doctrine: Mutual Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. Context-sensitive. Eph 4:1, the pivot of the letter’s ethical section: ‘I urge you to walk worthy of the calling’ — pastoral, not harsh, appeal.