Passage

Romans 11

• Glossary Term

  Apostle

  Established term.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Apostleship

  Low collision risk; avoid the word 教祖 ('religious movement founder/guru'), which carries negative post-Aum Shinrikyo associations in Japan.

  ROM.11.13

• Doctrine

  Effectual Calling

  God's sovereign call that secures the salvation of the called; not impersonal fate (運命) or a competitive-selection outcome (選抜).

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Election

  Avoid framing through Japan's intensely competitive, merit-based exam and hiring 'selection' culture (受験, 選抜) — being 'selected' colloquially implies passing a competitive process through effort and ability, whereas God's election is a sovereign, gracious, unmerited choice.

  ROM.11.29

• Glossary Term

  Gentiles

  Avoid casual 外人 (gaijin, 'outsider/foreigner'), which risks reinforcing Japan's strong insider/outsider (内・外, uchi-soto) social framework as the operative category, when Romans' Jew/Gentile distinction is a specific redemptive-historical category, not a generic ethnic-insider one.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Doctrine

  Grace

  CRITICAL: Japan's on-giri reciprocal-obligation system (恩・義理) risks processing grace as a favor that creates a repayment debt rather than an unconditional, unearned gift.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Grace

  CRITICAL: Japanese social ethics run on 恩 (on, a debt of gratitude/obligation incurred when one receives a favor) and 義理 (giri, the felt duty to repay it) — the on-giri reciprocity system.

  ROM.11.5-6

• Glossary Term

  Israel

  Proper name; established form.

  ROM.11.17-24

• Glossary Term

  Justification

  CRITICAL: established Shinkaiyaku compound, 'being recognized/counted as righteous' — a forensic declaration, not a process.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Providence

  God's personal, purposive care, not impersonal fate/destiny (運命, 宿命).

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Providence

  NEVER use 運命 or 宿命 (unmei/shukumei, impersonal fate/destiny, very common secular vocabulary).

  ROM.11.33-36

• Glossary Term

  Righteousness

  CRITICAL: 義 is one of the core Bushido virtues (rectitude/moral courage) as codified in Nitobe Inazo's influential Bushido: The Soul of Japan — a samurai-ethics honor-code virtue displayed through right action.

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER 解脱 (liberation from samsara).

  ROM.11.11

• Glossary Term

  Salvation

  CRITICAL: NEVER use 解脱 (gedatsu, Buddhist liberation from the cycle of samsara).

  ROM.11.11

• Doctrine

  Unity of Jews and Gentiles

  Directly challenges any lingering uchi-soto insider/outsider framing; must translate with theological clarity rather than softened diplomatic language.

  ROM.11.17-24