Providence

uangalizi wa Mungu (‘God’s watchful care/oversight’) is preferred over majaliwa (fate/divine decree, al-qadar) as the primary term, to keep Romans 8:28’s personal, purposive, relational sense of God’s care distinct from a more impersonal Islamic predetermination framework; majaliwa may be referenced comparatively but should not be the default rendering. bahati (luck/chance) must never be used.