Passage

Romans 7

• Glossary Term

  Holy

  mtakatifu (from Arabic quddus/taqdis root) is the only viable and well-established term, shared as devotional vocabulary across Christian and Islamic usage alike.

  ROM.7.12

• Glossary Term

  Holy Spirit

  Roho Mtakatifu is the settled Trinitarian term.

  ROM.7.12

• Doctrine

  Sanctification

  Must be distinguished from usafi wa kidini (ritual/ceremonial purification), which evokes both Islamic ritual purification and traditional cleansing rites performed by a healer (mganga) to remove spiritual defilement — external ritual acts distinct from the Spirit's internal moral transformation Paul describes.

  ROM.7.12

• Glossary Term

  Sanctification

  utakaso names the process of being made holy by the Spirit (Romans 6-8).

  ROM.7.12

• Doctrine

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term, shared as Islamic vocabulary too.

  ROM.7.25

• Glossary Term

  Thanksgiving

  Standard term, shared as Islamic vocabulary too (shukrani/shukr).

  ROM.7.25