Passage
Romans 9
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Glossary Term
Abba
Aramaic term of intimacy preserved as a transliteration in the Union Version text of Romans 8:15 ('Aba, Baba').
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Adoption
Compound phrase ('to be made sons/children') is preferred as the primary Bible-register rendering; kuasili is the standard legal-administrative word for adoption in modern Swahili and may be used to clarify the full-inheritance-rights sense in Romans 8:17, but should not fully replace the established Bible phrase, which carries more relational and filial warmth.
ROM.9.4
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Doctrine
Adoption into God's Family
Full son-status with complete inheritance rights should be stressed explicitly; traditional African family and clan structures give strong cultural resonance to full family belonging that this curriculum can build on, provided it is not reduced to only the modern legal-administrative sense of kuasili.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Called
Context-sensitive: in 1:1 = called to apostleship; in 1:7 = called to be saints; in 8:28-30 = effectual calling to salvation.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Calling
Noun form for the act/state of being called.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Covenant
agano is the deeply established term (naming the two Testaments themselves: Agano la Kale/Agano Jipya).
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
David
Union Version standard proper name form.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Davidic Covenant
Daudi (Dawud) is a revered prophet-king in Islamic tradition too, a point of shared recognition, but the Islamic Dawud narrative differs from the biblical covenant narrative Romans depends on and requires explicit OT background.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Deity of Christ
CRITICAL: direct and explicit denial in Quran 112 ('Allah does not beget, nor was He begotten') and elsewhere in Islamic doctrine.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Divine Calling
God's personal, relational call must be distinguished from majaliwa (fate/divine decree, tied to the Islamic concept of al-qadar) and from bahati (luck), both live popular categories.
ROM.9.11-12
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Doctrine
Effectual Calling
God's sovereign call that ensures the salvation of the called must be kept distinct from majaliwa (fate/divine decree, al-qadar) and bahati (luck), both live popular categories with different theological content than Romans 9's personal, relational election.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Election
God's sovereign personal choice.
ROM.9.11-12
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Glossary Term
Father
Baba (capitalized) for God as Father is standard and doctrinally clear, and resonates well with strong traditional African family and elder-respect values, which can be a genuine relational bridge for Romans 8's adoption language.
ROM.9.4
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Glossary Term
Glory
utukufu is standard and well established.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
God
Mungu (of Bantu origin, not an Arabic loan) is the standard term shared across Christian and Islamic Swahili usage alike, referring to the one God both traditions worship, which is a genuine point of contact.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Messiah
CRITICAL: Masiya is transliterated directly; Kristo (Christ) is the more common everyday title, functioning almost as Jesus' surname.
ROM.9.5
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Doctrine
Messianic Promise
CRITICAL: the Quran itself calls Jesus 'al-Masih,' giving Muslim-background readers an existing category for a figure called 'the Messiah,' but Islamic theology denies his divinity, atoning death, and resurrection.
ROM.9.5
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Glossary Term
Seed Of David
Romans 1:3; the Union Version phrasing 'wa uzao wa Daudi' is the recognized Bible-register form conveying physical lineage and OT covenant fulfillment.
ROM.9.5