Core Glossary
Core Glossary — 1 Timothy (English → Dutch)
Purpose and Method
This glossary extends, and never contradicts, the baseline Romans Language Package. Every term already fixed in translation_memory.json is marked Reused below and carries forward its exact recorded Dutch rendering, doctrine, and risk tier. Every term new to the 1 Timothy curriculum is marked New and receives a fresh risk assessment using the identical Critical/High/Medium/Low framework and review-routing conventions established in doctrine_risk_registry.json. This file must be loaded alongside the baseline files, not in place of them, in Phase 2.
A. Reused Baseline Terms Appearing in 1 Timothy
| Term (gloss) | Greek | Dutch Rendering | Risk (baseline) | Key 1 Timothy Passages | Notes for 1 Timothy Usage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gospel | εὐαγγέλιον | evangelie | Low | 1:11 | ”τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δόξης” — reuse exactly. |
| grace | χάρις | genade | High | 1:2, 1:14 | Must remain visibly distinct from the new term “mercy” (barmhartigheid) in 1:2’s triad. |
| faith | πίστις | geloof | Medium | throughout; esp. 1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 3:13, 4:1, 6:12 | Object of faith (Christ Jesus) must stay explicit per baseline note; several instances use πιστός adjectivally (“faithful/trustworthy”) rather than nominally — do not conflate with the doctrinal noun. |
| salvation | σωτηρία / σῴζω | behoud / behouden worden | Critical | 1:15 (implied), 2:4, 2:15 (see Critical new-term note below), 4:16 | 2:15’s “saved through childbearing” requires mandatory human theologian review — see Part B new-term entry. |
| church | ἐκκλησία | gemeente | High | 3:5, 3:15, 5:16 | ”gemeente van God” / “gemeente van de levende God” — never “kerk.” |
| holy | ἅγιος | heilig | Medium | (adjacent: ὅσιος at 2:8, see new term) | ἅγιος itself is not the term used at 2:8; do not conflate. |
| saints | ἅγιοι | heiligen | High | 5:10 | ”τοῖς ἁγίοις διηκόνησεν” — “de heiligen gediend” — reinforce corporate-believer sense against Catholic canonized-saint reading, per baseline note. |
| sanctification | ἁγιασμός | heiliging | Medium | (thematic, cf. 2:15’s “if they continue in… holiness”) | No direct noun occurrence in 1 Timothy; thematically present. |
| law | νόμος | wet | High | 1:7-9 | ”νομοδιδάσκαλος” = wetleraar (new compound, see Part B). |
| sin | ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός | zonde / zondaar | High | 1:9, 1:15 | ”de voornaamste van de zondaars” — guard against colloquial “a pity/waste” drift per baseline warning; testimony’s rhetorical force depends on it. |
| gentiles | ἔθνη | heidenen | Medium | 2:7 | ”διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν” = “leraar van de heidenen.” |
| glory | δόξα | heerlijkheid | Medium | 1:11, 1:17, 3:16 | ”εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δόξης,” doxologies. |
| calling/called | καλέω/κλῆσις | geroepen/roeping | Medium | 6:12 (“you were called to eternal life”) | Same career/vocation homonym risk as baseline notes; reinforce divine-summons sense. |
| prophecy | προφητεία | profetie | Low | 1:18, 4:14 | ”κατὰ τὰς προαγούσας ἐπὶ σὲ προφητείας.” |
| peace | εἰρήνη | vrede | Low | 1:2 | Part of the grace/mercy/peace triad; keep distinct from mercy. |
| God | θεός | God | Medium/Critical | throughout | ”θεὸς σωτὴρ ἡμῶν” combines with new term σωτήρ — see Part B. |
| Jesus / Christ | Ἰησοῦς / Χριστός | Jezus / Christus | Low/Critical | throughout | Standard established forms; “Christus” not separately listed in baseline but follows identical established-form convention. |
| Lord | κύριος | Heer | Critical/High | 1:2, 1:12, 1:14, 6:14-15 | ”Koning der koningen en Heer der heren” (6:15) — unqualified supremacy required per baseline Lordship of Christ note. |
| Holy Spirit | πνεῦμα (ἅγιον) | Heilige Geest / Geest | Medium/Critical | 3:16, 4:1 | 4:1 “τὸ Πνεῦμα λέγει” and 3:16 “ἐν πνεύματι” (of Christ’s own vindication, not the believer’s justification — flag distinction, see Part B “justification, re-applied”). |
| Father | πατήρ | Vader | Medium | 1:2 | ”ἀπὸ θεοῦ πατρὸς.” |
| apostle | ἀπόστολος | apostel | Low | 1:1, 2:7 | Paul’s self-designation; stable. |
| spiritual gifts | χάρισμα | genadegave | Medium | 4:14 | Tied explicitly to grace per baseline note; reinforced by 1 Timothy’s laying-on-of-hands context. |
| justification (re-applied to Christ) | ἐδικαιώθη | gerechtvaardigd | Critical | 3:16 | Important sense-shift flag: here describes Christ’s own vindication (“justified/vindicated in the Spirit”), not the believer’s forensic justification (the baseline’s Critical-risk doctrinal sense). Both uses share the Dutch verb “rechtvaardigen/rechtvaardigd,” so reviewers must not conflate the two distinct referents. |
B. New Terms Introduced by 1 Timothy
| Term (gloss) | Greek | Transliteration | Dutch Rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Key Passages | Grounded Reason for Risk Tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| overseer | ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή | episkopos / episkopē | opziener / het opzienerschap | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:1-2 | Dutch “bisschop” (the etymologically related alternative) denotes a monarchical, multi-congregation hierarchical office in Catholic and Old Catholic/Anglican-adjacent Dutch church structures entirely absent from the text’s local, functional oversight role. Substituting “bisschop” would import thirteen-plus centuries of episcopal polity into a first-century house-church context. |
| elder (office) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | oudste | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:1 (functionally, via ἐπίσκοπος overlap), 4:14, 5:1 (age sense — see below), 5:17, 5:19 | Etymological sibling of Dutch “priester” (priest), which carries strong Catholic sacerdotal/sacramental associations (offering sacrifice, administering sacraments) wholly foreign to this teaching/shepherding office. A direct parallel to the baseline’s documented “saints” Catholic/Reformed fault line. |
| elder (age, homonym) | πρεσβύτερος | presbyteros | oudere man / oudere vrouw | Medium | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | 5:1-2 | Same Greek word as the office-term above; translators must disambiguate by context every time, an identical homonym-flattening risk to the baseline’s note on “roeping” (calling/career). |
| deacon | διάκονος | diakonos | diaken | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:8, 3:10, 3:12, 3:13 | In Dutch Reformed practice the diaken’s role centers on mercy/finance ministry, distinct from the oudste’s teaching-oversight role; in Catholic and some other traditions “diaken” is a distinct clerical order with liturgical functions. The office must be defined functionally in context, not assumed identical across Dutch church traditions. |
| women/deaconesses (3:11) | γυναῖκας | gynaikas | vrouwen (literal; do not pre-resolve) | Critical | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:11 | Genuinely ambiguous between “wives [of deacons]” and “women [serving as deacons in their own right].” The Protestant Church in the Netherlands (PKN) ordains women deacons; several conservative Reformed/evangelical Dutch denominations do not recognize this. Translating literally and flagging for mandatory theologian review avoids resolving a live denominational debate inside the translation itself. |
| husband of one wife | μι�ᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα | mias gynaikos andra | man van één vrouw | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 3:2, 3:12 | Genuinely ambiguous in Greek among monogamy, marital fidelity, and married-only-once readings; the remarriage-after-divorce eligibility question is a live pastoral issue in Dutch churches today. |
| mediator | μεσίτης | mesitēs | middelaar | Critical | Christ as the One Mediator | 2:5 | Direct collision with the Catholic doctrine of Mary and the saints as intercessors/advocates before God — parallels the baseline’s documented “voorbede” vs. Catholic “voorspraak” fault line, but here the text itself makes an explicit numerical exclusivity claim (“one mediator”) that must never be softened or qualified. |
| mercy | ἔλεος | eleos | barmhartigheid | High | (adjacent to Grace) | 1:2 | Must remain visibly distinct from genade (grace), with which it is deliberately paired in the same verse; collapsing the two into one Dutch word erases Paul’s intentional distinction between unmerited favor and compassion toward the needy/guilty. |
| God our Savior (agent-noun) | θεὸς σωτήρ | theos sōtēr | God, onze Redder | High | Salvation (agent-noun form) | 1:1, 2:3, 4:10 | Genuine Dutch lexical gap: the baseline’s chosen salvation noun “behoud” has no natural matching agent-noun; “Redder” pairs instead with “redding,” while the more traditional “Heiland/Zaligmaker” pairs with the archaic “zaligheid” register the baseline explicitly avoided. This register seam requires explicit reviewer sign-off wherever σωτήρ occurs. |
| godliness | εὐσέβεια | eusebeia | godsvrucht | High | Godliness and Contentment | 2:2, 2:10, 3:16, 4:7-8, 6:3, 6:5-6, 6:11 | Established Reformed-devotional Dutch term but carries an older pietistic register that can sound archaic to secular or younger readers, with no equally precise secular-register alternative — a direct parallel to the baseline’s “zaligheid” register flag. |
| contentment | αὐτάρκεια | autarkeia | tevredenheid | High | Godliness and Contentment | 6:6 | Carries a pre-Christian Stoic philosophical pedigree (self-sufficient inner independence); without careful framing, Dutch readers may import either a secular self-reliance reading or a passive-resignation reading, both of which lose the text’s God-dependent, disciplined sense. |
| love of money | φιλαργυρία | philargyria | geldzucht | Medium | Godliness and Contentment | 6:10 (cf. ἀφιλάργυρος, 3:3) | Dutch already has a well-embedded proverbial over-statement of this verse (“geld is de wortel van alle kwaad,” “the root,” singular/exclusive) that overstates the Greek’s “a root [among possible roots]” — flag for reviewer correction toward “een wortel.” |
| the deposit / entrusted trust | παραθήκη | parathēkē | het toevertrouwde (goed) / “bewaar wat u is toevertrouwd” | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 6:20 (cf. 2 Tim 1:12, 14) | The etymologically closest Dutch word, “pand,” overwhelmingly means mortgaged property or literal collateral in contemporary usage, risking a financial/real-estate misreading of this doctrinally central term. |
| pillar and foundation of truth | στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας | stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias | pilaar en fundament van de waarheid | Critical | The Church as Pillar of Truth | 3:15 | Direct Catholic/Reformed doctrinal fault line: risk of being read as authorizing the church (Magisterium) to originate/define truth versus the Reformed sola scriptura reading of the church as truth’s guardian and display-stand only. |
| mystery of the faith / mystery of godliness | μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως / τῆς εὐσεβείας | mystērion tēs pisteōs / tēs eusebeias | het geheimenis van het geloof / van de godsvrucht | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching; The Church as Pillar of Truth | 3:9, 3:16 | Modern Dutch loanword “mysterie” suggests an unsolved puzzle or occult intrigue and (in Catholic usage) sacramental “mysteries,” obscuring the biblical sense of a formerly hidden truth now fully revealed. “Geheimenis” (Statenvertaling/HSV register) is preferred; “mysterie” should be treated as a forbidden substitution in doctrinal contexts. |
| exercise authority / domineer | αὐθεντέω | authenteō | gezag uitoefenen over (flagged; alternative: “overheersen”) | Critical | (adjacent to Qualifications for Church Leadership / Public Worship) | 2:12 | Extremely rare word whose neutral-to-negative range directly maps onto the Netherlands’ active, denominationally divided debate over women’s ordination and teaching authority (PKN ordains women ministers/elders; several conservative Reformed and evangelical denominations do not). Rendering choice itself resolves a live doctrinal debate — must flag for mandatory theologian review, never resolved silently. |
| saved through childbearing | σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας | sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias | zij zal bewaard/veilig blijven door het baren van kinderen (avoid bare “behouden worden” here without a note) | Critical | Salvation (edge case); Godliness and Contentment | 2:15 | A flat rendering using the curriculum’s own doctrinal salvation noun (“behoud”) risks implying salvation-by-works/gender-specific merit, directly contradicting the letter’s own grace theology (1:15-16) and the baseline’s Grace doctrine note (“apart from human cooperation”). Requires a distinguishing translator’s note every occurrence. |
| conscience | συνείδησις | syneidēsis | geweten | Medium | Guarding the Deposit of Faith; Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2 | Stable Dutch term, but reviewers must track its recurrence across all four passages as a single doctrinal thread (moral integrity bound to doctrinal fidelity), not dilute it into ad hoc synonyms. |
| sound doctrine / sound teaching | ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία | hygiainousa didaskalia | gezonde leer | High | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 1:10, 4:6, 6:3 (and thematically throughout) | “Gezond” in everyday Dutch skews toward physical/dietary health or generic common sense, risking reduction from doctrinally correct to merely sensible/balanced; requires contextual reinforcement tying it to gospel content specifically. |
| slave / bondservant | δοῦλος | doulos | slaaf | High | (household ethics, adjacent to Qualifications for Church Leadership’s household-management theme) | 6:1-2 | Greco-Roman household slavery is structurally different from the transatlantic chattel slavery that dominates modern Dutch cultural association (including the Netherlands’ own historically significant and still-debated role in that slave trade); requires explicit historical-contextual framing to avoid anachronistic misreading. |
| widow | χήρα | chēra | weduwe | Medium | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith | 5:3-16 | Low lexical risk, but the passage’s distinction between “widows indeed” (fully dependent) and widows with family support (a prior family duty) must remain visible, not flattened into a single undifferentiated category. |
| double honor | διπλῆ τιμή | diplē timē | dubbele eer | Medium | Care for Widows and the Household of Faith; Qualifications for Church Leadership | 5:17 | Risk of narrowing to purely honorific respect, losing the implied material-support dimension the passage’s own argument (5:18, “the laborer deserves his wages”) requires. |
| council of elders | πρεσβυτέριον | presbyterion | de raad van oudsten | High | Qualifications for Church Leadership | 4:14 | Risk of over-formalizing into “presbyterium” (importing a specific later denominational polity) or under-translating into “kerkenraad” (a modern Dutch institutional church-council structure with its own distinct connotations); needs consistency-checking against the chapter 5 rendering of πρεσβύτερος. |
| the good confession | ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία | hē kalē homologia | de goede belijdenis | High | Guarding the Deposit of Faith; (adjacent to Lordship of Christ) | 6:12-13 | ”Belijdenis” is a doctrinally rich, established Dutch Reformed technical term (catechetical confession of faith), an asset here — but its thematic link to the baseline’s Critical-risk Romans 10:9 Lordship confession should be cross-checked for consistency across curricula. |
| ransom for all | ἀντίλυτρον ὑπὲρ πάντων | antilytron hyper pantōn | een losprijs voor allen | High | Christ as the One Mediator; (connects to baseline Universal Scope of the Gospel) | 2:6 | Must preserve unqualified universality per baseline rule; secular Dutch usage of “losprijs” (kidnapping ransom in news contexts) is a low but real dilution risk requiring doctrinal anchoring to Christ’s atoning death. |
| godliness as means of gain | εὐσέβειαν… πορισμόν | eusebeian… porismon | godsvrucht als bron van winst | Medium | Godliness and Contentment | 6:5 | Names the specific false-teaching distortion the letter corrects; must retain the mercenary/commercial connotation of πορισμός. |
| so-called knowledge | ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις | pseudōnymos gnōsis | zogenaamde kennis | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching; Guarding the Deposit of Faith | 6:20 | The negating “falsely called” qualifier must be retained; a bare “kennis” reads as a positive value, reversing the text’s polemical intent. |
| herald | κῆρυξ | kēryx | verkondiger / prediker | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching (proclamation authority) | 2:7 | Public, authoritative-announcement sense should not be flattened to a generic “spreker” (speaker). |
| holy hands (ὅσιος) | ὅσιος | hosios | heilige/eerbiedige handen | Medium | Public Worship and Prayer | 2:8 | Distinct Greek word from ἅγιος (baseline “holy” = heilig); flag the distinction so the two are not mechanically merged into a single Dutch word without note. |
| fourfold prayer vocabulary | προσευχή, δέησις, ἔντευξις, εὐχαριστία | proseuchē, deēsis, enteuxis, eucharistia | gebeden, bedes, voorbeden, dankzeggingen | Medium | Public Worship and Prayer | 2:1 | All four terms must remain distinguishable in Dutch; the passage’s rhetorical force depends on comprehensiveness, not a single generic “gebeden.” |
| eternal life | ζωὴ αἰώνιος | zōē aiōnios | eeuwig leven | Medium | (adjacent to Salvation) | 6:12, 6:19 | Low lexical risk; reviewers should confirm consistent pairing with “behoud” so learners recognize both as facets of one hope (present deliverance vs. future/eternal possession). |
| teacher of the law | νομοδιδάσκαλος | nomodidaskalos | wetleraar | Medium | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 1:7 | Compound built on the baseline’s reused “law = wet”; contrasts lawful use of the Law against speculative misuse. |
| myths and endless genealogies | μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι | mythoi kai genealogiai aperantoi | fabels en eindeloze geslachtsregisters | Low | Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching | 1:4 | Likely Jewish speculative legend, not Greco-Roman mythology; needs a brief explanatory note given low OT/Second-Temple literacy among the target audience. |
| household of God | οἶκος θεοῦ | oikos theou | huis van God / huisgezin van God | Medium | The Church as Pillar of Truth | 3:15 | Domestic-familial continuation of the household-management metaphor structuring 3:1-13. |
| training for godliness | γυμνάζειν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν | gymnazein pros eusebeian | oefenen in godsvrucht | Medium | Godliness and Contentment | 4:7 | Athletic-discipline metaphor; godliness cultivated through practice, not passive reception. |
Risk Summary for 1 Timothy New Terms
| Risk Tier | Count | Review Routing |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 8 | Human theologian review required for every occurrence |
| High | 10 | Human theologian review required |
| Medium | 12 | Native speaker review recommended |
| Low | 2 | Automated review sufficient |
Note on Critical-tier concentration: 1 Timothy’s Critical-risk terms cluster tightly around three curriculum doctrines — Qualifications for Church Leadership (overseer, elder, deacon, women/deaconesses, husband-of-one-wife), Christ as the One Mediator (mediator), and The Church as Pillar of Truth (pillar and foundation of truth) — plus two acute gender-and-authority edge cases (αὐθεντέω, saved-through-childbearing). This concentration reflects the letter’s genuinely higher density of contested church-office and gender-role vocabulary compared to Romans, and should be weighted accordingly in Phase 2 review-routing capacity planning.
Critical Risk Terms
Salvation
Approved rendering: behoud
Transliteration: behoud
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: verlossing (more common, less precise), zaligheid (older/pietistic register)
Original: σωτηρία / σῴζω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:15 (implied), 2:4, 4:16. The related verb-form use at 2:15 (‘saved through childbearing’) is a distinct Critical-risk edge case — see ‘saved_through_childbearing’ below; do not use bare ‘behouden worden’ there without a translator’s note.
Lord
Approved rendering: Heer
Transliteration: Heer
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: meester
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, risk tier elevated to Critical for this curriculum because it recurs in the doxological superlative title at 1 Timothy 6:14-15 (‘Koning der koningen en Heer der heren’), which must retain unqualified supremacy. Also occurs 1:2, 1:12, 1:14.
Justification
Approved rendering: rechtvaardiging
Transliteration: rechtvaardiging
Doctrine: Salvation
Rejected alternatives: vrijspraak (too narrow alone)
Original: δικαίωσις / δικαιόω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package for the believer’s-justification sense. IMPORTANT SENSE-SHIFT: the verb form ἐδικαιώθη at 1 Timothy 3:16 uses the same Dutch verb ‘rechtvaardigen/gerechtvaardigd’ for a DIFFERENT referent — Christ’s own vindication by the Spirit, not the believer’s forensic justification. See separate entry ‘christ_vindicated’; the two referents must never be conflated by reviewers.
Mediator
Approved rendering: middelaar
Transliteration: middelaar
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Christology
New term. 1 Timothy 2:5. Direct collision with the Catholic doctrine of Mary and the saints as intercessors before God, paralleling the baseline’s documented ‘voorbede’ vs. Catholic ‘voorspraak’ fault line. The text’s explicit numerical exclusivity (‘één middelaar’) must never be softened or qualified.
Exercise Authority Authenteo
Approved rendering: gezag uitoefenen over
Transliteration: authenteō
Doctrine: Gender Roles in Church Office and Teaching Authority
Rejected alternatives: overheersen (recorded as flagged alternative, not a rejection — see notes)
Original: αὐθεντέω
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 2:12. Extremely rare word (single NT occurrence) with no doctrinally neutral Dutch equivalent. Directly collides with the active, denominationally divided Dutch debate over women’s ordination (PKN ordains women ministers/elders; several conservative Reformed/evangelical denominations do not). ‘Overheersen’ must be recorded as the flagged alternative in every segment cache, never silently chosen over the primary rendering. Mandatory human theologian review every occurrence.
Saved Through Childbearing
Approved rendering: zij zal bewaard/veilig blijven door het baren van kinderen
Transliteration: sōthēsetai dia tēs teknogonias
Doctrine: Salvation (edge case) / Godliness and Contentment
Rejected alternatives: zij zal behouden worden door het baren van kinderen (risks implying salvation-by-works when using the curriculum’s doctrinal noun ‘behoud’ unglossed)
Original: σωθήσεται διὰ τῆς τεκνογονίας
Category: Salvation
New term. 1 Timothy 2:15. A flat rendering using the curriculum’s own doctrinal salvation noun ‘behoud’ risks implying salvation-by-works or gender-specific merit, contradicting the letter’s own grace theology (1:15-16). Requires a distinguishing translator’s note every occurrence and mandatory human theologian review.
Overseer
Approved rendering: opziener / het opzienerschap
Transliteration: episkopos / episkopē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: bisschop (imports monarchical, multi-congregation Catholic/Old Catholic episcopal polity absent from the text)
Original: ἐπίσκοπος / ἐπισκοπή
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:1-2. Never render ‘bisschop’. ‘Opzienerschap’ is a coined/rare compound in everyday Dutch and should be paired with a plain-language gloss (‘het ambt van opziener’) on first occurrence in any lesson.
Deacon
Approved rendering: diaken
Transliteration: diakonos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: helper / dienaar (generic, loses recognized-office sense, cf. Het Boek’s flattening)
Original: διάκονος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:8, 3:10, 3:12, 3:13. In Dutch Reformed practice the diaken’s role centers on mercy/finance ministry, distinct from the oudste’s teaching-oversight role; in Catholic usage ‘diaken’ is a distinct clerical order with liturgical functions absent from this text. Must be introduced with functional definition in context, never assumed shared across traditions.
Women In Ministry 3 11
Approved rendering: vrouwen
Transliteration: gynaikas
Doctrine: Gender Roles in Church Office and Teaching Authority
Rejected alternatives: hun vrouwen (Het Boek-style resolution toward ‘their wives’, rejected as pre-resolving the debate), vrouwelijke diakenen (rejected as pre-resolving the debate in the opposite direction)
Original: γυναῖκας
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:11. Genuinely ambiguous between wives of deacons and women serving as deacons. PKN ordains women deacons; several conservative Reformed/evangelical denominations do not. Render literally, unresolved; flag every occurrence for mandatory human theologian review.
Pillar And Foundation Of Truth
Approved rendering: pilaar en fundament van de waarheid
Transliteration: stylos kai hedraiōma tēs alētheias
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: de plaats waar de waarheid bewaard wordt (Het Boek-style softened paraphrase, rejected for losing structural-support imagery)
Original: στῦλος καὶ ἑδραίωμα τῆς ἀληθείας
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 3:15. Direct Catholic/Reformed fault line: must render with a term for structural support (‘pilaar/fundament’), never one suggesting the church originates or authorizes truth independently of Scripture. Mandatory human theologian review wherever cited doctrinally.
Elder Office
Approved rendering: oudste
Transliteration: presbyteros
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: priester (imports strong Catholic sacerdotal/sacramental connotations entirely absent from this functional, teaching/shepherding office)
Original: πρεσβύτερος (office sense)
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 4:14, 5:17, 5:19; functionally overlaps with ἐπίσκοπος at 3:1-7. Never render ‘priester’. For lived-church-practice discussion, may be bridged with a standing gloss: ‘de oudste (in de praktijk van veel Nederlandse kerken “ouderling” genoemd)’ — but the fixed Bible-text rendering for translation-memory consistency remains ‘oudste’.
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: genade
Transliteration: genade
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: gunst
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2, 1:14. Must remain visibly distinct from the new term ‘mercy’ (barmhartigheid), with which it is deliberately paired in the 1:2 greeting triad.
Church
Approved rendering: gemeente
Transliteration: gemeente
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: kerk (institution-default)
Original: ἐκκλησία (θεοῦ / θεοῦ ζῶντος)
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘De gemeente van God’ / ‘de gemeente van de levende God’ (1 Timothy 3:5, 3:15; 5:16). Never render ‘kerk’.
Saints
Approved rendering: heiligen
Transliteration: heiligen
Doctrine: Sainthood
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘τοῖς ἁγίοις διηκόνησεν’ = ‘de heiligen gediend’ (1 Timothy 5:10); reinforce the corporate-believer sense against the Catholic canonized-saint reading.
Law
Approved rendering: wet
Transliteration: wet
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:7-9; capitalize as ‘de Wet’ for the Mosaic sense, distinct from everyday civil ‘wet’. Echoes but sharpens the baseline’s ‘drie gebruiken van de wet’ theme.
Sin
Approved rendering: zonde
Transliteration: zonde
Doctrine: Universal Human Accountability
Original: ἁμαρτία / ἁμαρτωλός
Category: Sin
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:9, 1:15. Must guard against the colloquial Dutch drift of ‘zonde’ toward ‘a pity/waste’; 1 Timothy 1:15’s rhetorical force depends entirely on the culpable-transgression sense — see ‘chief_of_sinners’ below.
Mercy
Approved rendering: barmhartigheid
Transliteration: barmhartigheid
Doctrine: Grace, Mercy, and Peace (Apostolic Greeting)
Rejected alternatives: ontferming (native Reformed-devotional register, rejected for cross-tradition clarity)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God
New term. 1 Timothy 1:2, 1:2 greeting triad. Must remain visibly distinct from ‘genade’ (grace), with which it is deliberately paired in the same breath; collapsing the two erases Paul’s intentional three-part distinction (grace / mercy / peace).
God Our Savior
Approved rendering: God, onze Redder
Transliteration: God, onze Redder
Doctrine: Universal Scope of God’s Saving Will
Rejected alternatives: God, onze Heiland/Zaligmaker (imports archaic ‘zaligheid’ register the baseline explicitly avoided)
Original: θεὸς σωτήρ
Category: God
New agent-noun term. 1:1, 2:3, 4:10. Genuine Dutch lexical gap: the baseline’s chosen salvation noun ‘behoud’ has no natural matching agent-noun. Flag the behoud/Redder register seam explicitly for reviewer sign-off at every occurrence; do not resolve silently.
Ransom For All
Approved rendering: een losprijs voor allen
Transliteration: een losprijs voor allen
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἀντίλυτρον ὑπὲρ πάντων
Category: Salvation
New term. 1 Timothy 2:6. Must preserve the unqualified ‘for all’ per the baseline’s universal-scope rule; secular Dutch usage of ‘losprijs’ (kidnapping ransom in news media) is a low but real dilution risk requiring doctrinal anchoring to Christ’s atoning death.
Husband Of One Wife
Approved rendering: man van één vrouw
Transliteration: mias gynaikos andra
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: hij mag maar één keer getrouwd zijn (NBV-style interpretive resolution, rejected as pre-resolving a live pastoral debate), getrouwd, en trouw aan zijn vrouw (Het Boek-style interpretive paraphrase, rejected for the same reason)
Original: μιᾶς γυναικὸς ἄνδρα
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:2, 3:12; cf. 5:9’s parallel formula for widows. Genuinely ambiguous among monogamy, marital fidelity, and married-only-once readings; remarriage-after-divorce eligibility for office is a live pastoral issue in Dutch churches. Flag for theologian review rather than silently resolving.
Mystery Of The Faith
Approved rendering: het geheimenis van het geloof
Transliteration: mystērion tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching / Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: mysterie van het geloof (forbidden substitution — see forbidden list)
Original: μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 3:9. ‘Mysterie’ suggests an unsolved puzzle/occult intrigue and, in Catholic usage, sacramental ‘mysteries’; ‘geheimenis’ (Statenvertaling/HSV register) preserves the biblical sense of formerly-hidden-now-revealed truth and must be preferred.
Mystery Of Godliness
Approved rendering: het geheimenis van de godsvrucht
Transliteration: mystērion tēs eusebeias
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Rejected alternatives: mysterie van de godsvrucht (forbidden substitution)
Original: μυστήριον τῆς εὐσεβείας
Category: Christology
New term. 1 Timothy 3:16. Parallel construction to μυστήριον τῆς πίστεως (3:9); ‘geheimenis’ preferred over ‘mysterie’ for the same reasons.
Christ Vindicated
Approved rendering: geopenbaard in het vlees, gerechtvaardigd door de Geest
Transliteration: ephanerōthē en sarki, edikaiōthē en pneumati
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: ἐφανερώθη ἐν σαρκί, ἐδικαιώθη ἐν πνεύματι
Category: Christology
New term reapplying the baseline’s reused ‘justification = rechtvaardiging’ to a DIFFERENT referent. 1 Timothy 3:16: ἐδικαιώθη describes Christ’s own vindication by the Spirit, NOT the believer’s forensic justification by faith (the baseline’s Critical-risk sense). Reviewers must never conflate the two referents under one Dutch word.
Godliness
Approved rendering: godsvrucht
Transliteration: eusebeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: εὐσέβεια
Category: Sanctification
New term. 2:2, 2:10, 3:16, 4:7-8, 6:3, 6:5-6, 6:11. Established Reformed-devotional Dutch rendering but carries an older pietistic register that can sound archaic to secular or younger readers, parallel to the baseline’s ‘zaligheid’ register flag; no equally strong secular-register alternative exists without loss of precision.
Apostasy
Approved rendering: afvallen van het geloof
Transliteration: aphistēmi tēs pisteōs
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: twijfelen aan het geloof (softens formal defection to mere doubt — rejected)
Original: ἀφίστημι τῆς πίστεως
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 4:1. Names a predicted, organized future doctrinal defection, not mere doubt or a crisis of faith.
Council Of Elders
Approved rendering: de raad van oudsten
Transliteration: presbyterion
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: presbyterium (over-formalizes, imports later denominational polity term), kerkenraad (under-translates, imports a specific modern Dutch institutional structure with its own distinct governance connotations)
Original: πρεσβυτέριον
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 4:14. Must be checked against the chapter 5 rendering of πρεσβύτερος (‘oudste’) for consistency.
Slave
Approved rendering: slaaf
Transliteration: doulos
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: δοῦλος
Category: Ethics
New term. 1 Timothy 6:1-2. Greco-Roman household slavery is structurally different from transatlantic chattel slavery, the dominant modern Dutch cultural association (including the Netherlands’ own historically significant and still-debated role in that trade). Must be introduced with explicit historical-contextual framing every occurrence.
Contentment
Approved rendering: tevredenheid
Transliteration: autarkeia
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: αὐτάρκεια
Category: Ethics
New term. 1 Timothy 6:6. Carries a pre-Christian Stoic philosophical pedigree; without careful framing risks either a secular self-sufficiency reading (‘ik heb aan mezelf genoeg’) or a passive-resignation reading, both losing the text’s active, God-dependent sense.
Good Confession
Approved rendering: de goede belijdenis
Transliteration: hē kalē homologia
Doctrine: The Good Confession and Christ’s Future Appearing
Original: ἡ καλὴ ὁμολογία
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 6:12-13. ‘Belijdenis’ is an established Dutch Reformed catechetical technical term (an asset here); its thematic link to the baseline’s Critical-risk Romans 10:9 exclusive-Lordship confession should be cross-referenced for consistency.
Deposit Of Faith
Approved rendering: bewaar wat u is toevertrouwd
Transliteration: parathēkē
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: pand (forbidden substitution — see forbidden list; overwhelmingly means mortgaged property/collateral in contemporary Dutch)
Original: παραθήκη
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 6:20 (cf. 2 Tim 1:12, 14). Use the descriptive verbal phrase, never a bare noun-for-noun ‘pand’.
King Of Kings Lord Of Lords
Approved rendering: Koning der koningen en Heer der heren
Transliteration: basileus tōn basileuontōn kai kyrios tōn kyrieuontōn
Doctrine: The Good Confession and Christ’s Future Appearing
Original: βασιλεὺς τῶν βασιλευόντων καὶ κύριος τῶν κυριευόντων
Category: Christology
New phrase reusing baseline ‘Lord = Heer’. 1 Timothy 6:15. Established liturgical Dutch phrase, low wording-collision risk, but doctrinal weight is High: must retain unqualified supremacy per the baseline’s Lordship of Christ doctrine note. Must never adopt any Jehovah’s Witness Nieuwe-Wereldvertaling-style qualifying apparatus around κύριος.
Sound Doctrine
Approved rendering: gezonde leer
Transliteration: hygiainousa didaskalia
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: ὑγιαίνουσα διδασκαλία
Category: Faith
New term. 1:10, 4:6, 6:3, and thematically throughout. Everyday Dutch ‘gezond’ skews toward physical/dietary health or generic common sense, risking reduction from doctrinally correct to merely sensible/balanced. Must be reinforced with contextual framing tying it to gospel content.
Chief Of Sinners
Approved rendering: de voornaamste van de zondaars
Transliteration: prōtos tōn hamartōlōn
Doctrine: Paul’s Testimony and the Priority of Grace
Original: πρῶτος τῶν ἁμαρτωλῶν
Category: Sin
New phrase built on reused baseline ‘sin/zonde’. 1 Timothy 1:15. A flat rendering risks the colloquial Dutch ‘zonde’ sense of ‘a pity/waste’, trivializing Paul’s confession and destroying the intended testimonial force.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: geloof
Transliteration: geloof
Doctrine: Faith
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout 1 Timothy (1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 3:13, 4:1, 6:12). Several instances use πιστός adjectivally (‘faithful/trustworthy’, e.g. 3:11 ‘πιστὰς ἐν πᾶσιν’) rather than as the doctrinal noun for saving faith — do not conflate these two functions under one Dutch word.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: rein
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from the new term ὅσιος at 2:8 (‘holy hands’) — do not conflate the two Greek words under one Dutch rendering without reviewer note; see ‘holy_hands_hosios’.
Sanctification
Approved rendering: heiliging
Transliteration: heiliging
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. No direct noun occurrence in 1 Timothy; thematically present in 2:15’s ‘holiness’ reference and throughout the godliness material.
Gentiles
Approved rendering: heidenen
Transliteration: heidenen
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Original: ἔθνη
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. ‘διδάσκαλος ἐθνῶν’ = ‘leraar van de heidenen’ (1 Timothy 2:7).
Glory
Approved rendering: heerlijkheid
Transliteration: heerlijkheid
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:11, 1:17, 3:16.
Called
Approved rendering: geroepen
Transliteration: geroepen
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: καλέω
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Adjacent to 6:12’s calling to eternal life.
Calling
Approved rendering: roeping
Transliteration: roeping
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Original: κλῆσις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. ‘You were called to eternal life’ (1 Timothy 6:12) reinforces the divine-summons sense against the ordinary career/vocation homonym risk.
God
Approved rendering: God
Transliteration: God
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Combines with the new agent-noun term σωτήρ (Savior) at 1:1, 2:3, 4:10 — see ‘god_our_savior’.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heilige Geest
Transliteration: Heilige Geest
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: πνεῦμα (ἅγιον)
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. 3:16 (‘vindicated in the Spirit’) and 4:1 (‘the Spirit says’). The 3:16 use describes Christ’s own vindication by the Spirit and must not be confused with the believer’s justification — see ‘christ_vindicated’.
Father
Approved rendering: Vader
Transliteration: Vader
Doctrine: Adoption into God’s Family
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1 Timothy 1:2.
Spiritual Gifts
Approved rendering: genadegave
Transliteration: genadegave
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts
Rejected alternatives: geestelijke gaven (looser)
Original: χάρισμα
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package (baseline plural ‘genadegaven’; 1 Timothy 4:14 uses the singular ‘genadegave’). Tied explicitly to grace and to the laying-on-of-hands commissioning context.
The Man Christ Jesus
Approved rendering: de mens Christus Jezus
Transliteration: de mens Christus Jezus
Doctrine: Christ as the One Mediator
Original: ἄνθρωπος Χριστὸς Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
New term adjacent to the baseline’s Incarnation doctrine. 1 Timothy 2:5. Christ’s full, genuine humanity as the qualification for mediating must remain explicit.
Herald
Approved rendering: verkondiger / prediker
Transliteration: verkondiger / prediker
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Rejected alternatives: spreker (too generic, loses authoritative-announcement sense)
Original: κῆρυξ
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 2:7. κῆρυξ denotes a public, authoritative town-crier figure, not a generic speaker.
Holy Hands Hosios
Approved rendering: heilige/eerbiedige handen
Transliteration: hosios
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: ὅσιος
Category: Worship
New term. 1 Timothy 2:8. ὅσιος is a distinct Greek word from ἅγιος (baseline ‘holy’ = heilig); flag the distinction so the two are not mechanically merged into a single Dutch word without note.
Fourfold Prayer Vocabulary
Approved rendering: gebeden, bedes, voorbeden, dankzeggingen
Transliteration: proseuchai, deēseis, enteuxeis, eucharistiai
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Rejected alternatives: a single generic ‘gebeden’ collapsing all four terms
Original: προσευχαί, δεήσεις, ἐντεύξεις, εὐχαριστίαι
Category: Worship
New term. 1 Timothy 2:1. All four Dutch nouns must remain distinguishable in every occurrence; the passage’s rhetorical force depends on comprehensiveness, not a single generic act of prayer. ἔντευξις relates to the baseline ‘intercession = voorbede’; εὐχαριστία reuses baseline ‘thanksgiving = dankzegging’.
Modesty Self Control
Approved rendering: schroom/eerbaarheid en zelfbeheersing
Transliteration: aidōs, sōphrosynē
Doctrine: Public Worship and Prayer
Original: αἰδώς, σωφροσύνη
Category: Worship
New term. 1 Timothy 2:9, 2:15. Ties public worship conduct to the same self-mastery required of overseers (3:2’s σώφρων).
Hospitality
Approved rendering: gastvrij
Transliteration: philoxenos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Original: φιλόξενος
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:2. Stable, low-collision word, but the sacrificial practice it names needs contextual illustration for a modern, individualistic Dutch reader for whom ‘gastvrij’ can shrink to generic politeness.
Teaching Aptitude
Approved rendering: bekwaam om te onderwijzen
Transliteration: didaktikos
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: vriendelijk / wijs (too generic, loses specific teaching competency)
Original: διδακτικός
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:2. Denotes capacity to teach, not merely willingness; ties the office directly to the sound-doctrine theme.
Good Reputation
Approved rendering: goede naam / goed getuigenis
Transliteration: martyria kalē
Doctrine: Qualifications for Church Leadership (Elders and Deacons)
Rejected alternatives: reputatie (too secular, loses the gospel-witness dimension)
Original: μαρτυρία καλή
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 3:7. Must retain the sense that credibility with ‘buitenstaanders’ (outsiders) serves gospel witness, not mere social standing.
Household Of God
Approved rendering: huis van God / huisgezin van God
Transliteration: oikos theou
Doctrine: The Church as Pillar of Truth
Original: οἶκος θεοῦ
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 3:15. Continues the household-management metaphor structuring 3:1-13.
Training For Godliness
Approved rendering: oefenen in godsvrucht
Transliteration: gymnazein pros eusebeian
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: γυμνάζειν πρὸς εὐσέβειαν
Category: Sanctification
New term. 1 Timothy 4:7. Athletic-discipline metaphor; godliness cultivated through disciplined practice, not passive reception.
Deceiving Spirits Demons Teachings
Approved rendering: verleidende geesten en leringen van demonen
Transliteration: pneumata plana, didaskaliai daimoniōn
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: πνεύματα πλάνα, διδασκαλίαι δαιμονίων
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 4:1. Risks being read as archaic superstition by the largely secularized Dutch readership unless framed as a serious theological claim tied to the letter’s sound-doctrine argument.
Elder Age
Approved rendering: oudere man / oudere vrouw
Transliteration: presbyteros (age sense)
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: πρεσβύτερος (age sense)
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 5:1-2. Same Greek word as the office-term ‘elder_office’ above but denoting age, not office — a homonym-flattening risk parallel to the baseline’s ‘roeping’ note; disambiguate by context every occurrence.
Widow
Approved rendering: weduwe
Transliteration: chēra
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: χήρα
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 5:3-16. Low lexical risk, but the passage’s distinction between ‘widows indeed’ and widows with family support must remain visible, not flattened into one undifferentiated category.
Widow Indeed
Approved rendering: een echte weduwe
Transliteration: ontōs chēra
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: ὄντως χήρα
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 5:5. Emphasizes total dependency (no family, devoted to prayer) as the qualifying condition for congregational support.
Double Honor
Approved rendering: dubbele eer
Transliteration: diplē timē
Doctrine: Honor and Accountability for Elders
Original: διπλῆ τιμή
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 5:17. Risk of narrowing to purely honorific respect, losing the implied material-support dimension the passage’s own argument (5:18, ‘the laborer deserves his wages’) requires.
Godliness As Means Of Gain
Approved rendering: godsvrucht als bron van winst
Transliteration: eusebeian… porismon
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: εὐσέβειαν… πορισμόν
Category: Ethics
New term. 1 Timothy 6:5. Must retain the mercenary/commercial connotation of πορισμός, distinguishing true godliness from mercenary religion. Must not be echoed by prosperity-gospel-adjacent framings that invert Paul’s polemic.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: geldzucht
Transliteration: philargyria
Doctrine: Godliness and Contentment
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Ethics
New term reusing the adjective root ἀφιλάργυρος (3:3). 1 Timothy 6:10. Dutch popular/proverbial culture quotes this verse with a definite article (‘geld is de wortel van alle kwaad’), overstating the Greek’s indefinite ‘a root [among roots]’; must be rendered ‘een wortel van alle kwaad’, never ‘de wortel’, and this popular misquotation must be actively corrected in teaching material, not silently reinforced.
Eternal Life
Approved rendering: eeuwig leven
Transliteration: zōē aiōnios
Doctrine: The Good Confession and Christ’s Future Appearing
Original: ζωὴ αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term. 1 Timothy 6:12, 6:19. Low lexical risk; reviewers should confirm consistent use alongside ‘behoud’ so learners recognize both as facets of one hope.
So Called Knowledge
Approved rendering: zogenaamde kennis
Transliteration: pseudōnymos gnōsis
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Rejected alternatives: kennis (bare noun, reverses the text’s polemical intent)
Original: ψευδώνυμος γνῶσις
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 6:20. Must retain the negating ‘falsely called’ qualifier in every occurrence.
Teacher Of The Law
Approved rendering: wetleraar
Transliteration: nomodidaskalos
Doctrine: Proper Use of the Law
Original: νομοδιδάσκαλος
Category: Covenant
New compound term built on the reused baseline ‘law = wet’. 1 Timothy 1:7. Contrasts lawful, gospel-serving use of the Law against speculative misuse.
Conscience
Approved rendering: geweten
Transliteration: syneidēsis
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Faith
New term. 1:5, 1:19, 3:9, 4:2. Stable Dutch rendering, but reviewers must track this thread across all four passages as a single doctrinal concept (moral integrity bound to sound doctrine), not dilute it into ad hoc synonyms.
Handed Over To Satan
Approved rendering: overgeleverd aan de satan
Transliteration: paradidōmi tō Satana
Doctrine: Church Discipline
Original: παραδίδωμι τῷ Σατανᾷ
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 1:20. Requires contextual framing as a severe but restorative act, since most Dutch readers, largely unfamiliar with formal church discipline practice in a highly secularized society, will otherwise default to reading it as vindictive expulsion.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelie
Transliteration: evangelie
Doctrine: Gospel
Original: εὐαγγέλιον
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. 1 Timothy 1:11 ‘τὸ εὐαγγέλιον τῆς δόξης’ = ‘het evangelie van de heerlijkheid’. No new risk introduced.
Prophecy
Approved rendering: profetie
Transliteration: profetie
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Original: προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs 1:18, 4:14.
Peace
Approved rendering: vrede
Transliteration: vrede
Doctrine: Peace with God
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Part of the grace/mercy/peace triad in 1 Timothy 1:2; keep distinct from mercy (barmhartigheid).
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Jezus
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Stable proper name form.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostel
Transliteration: apostel
Doctrine: Apostleship
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Paul’s self-designation at 1:1, 2:7.
Christ
Approved rendering: Christus
Transliteration: Christus
Doctrine: Christology
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
New entry formalizing the established Dutch Bible-translation form for 1 Timothy, not separately listed as its own baseline entry but following the baseline’s identical established-form proper-name convention (cf. Jezus, David, Mozes).
Creation Goodness Ascetic Teaching
Approved rendering: het verbieden van het huwelijk en het onthouden van voedsel
Transliteration: kōlyontōn gamein, apechesthai brōmatōn
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: κωλυόντων γαμεῖν, ἀπέχεσθαι βρωμάτων
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 4:3-5. Likely proto-Gnostic ascetic false teaching corrected by an affirmation of creation’s goodness; needs brief explanatory framing for Dutch readers unfamiliar with Second-Temple/proto-Gnostic background.
Enrolled Widow List
Approved rendering: op de lijst worden gezet
Transliteration: katalegomai
Doctrine: Care for Widows and the Household of Faith
Original: καταλέγομαι
Category: Church
New term. 1 Timothy 5:9. Requires a brief explanatory gloss for readers unfamiliar with this early structured, accountable church-welfare practice.
Partiality
Approved rendering: partijdigheid
Transliteration: prosklisis
Doctrine: Honor and Accountability for Elders
Original: πρόσκλισις
Category: Church Leadership
New term. 1 Timothy 5:21. Impartial, consistent standards of discipline for all, including leaders.
Immortal Invisible
Approved rendering: onsterfelijk, onzichtbaar
Transliteration: athanatos, aoratos
Doctrine: Divine Attributes (Doxology)
Original: ἀθάνατος, ἀόρατος
Category: God
New term. 1 Timothy 6:16; cf. 1:17’s ἄφθαρτος, ἀόρατος, μόνος θεός. Doxological divine attributes affirming God’s transcendence.
Myths And Genealogies
Approved rendering: fabels en eindeloze geslachtsregisters
Transliteration: mythoi kai genealogiai aperantoi
Doctrine: Sound Doctrine versus False Teaching
Original: μῦθοι καὶ γενεαλογίαι ἀπέραντοι
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 1:4. Likely Second-Temple Jewish speculative legend, not Greco-Roman mythology generally; requires a brief explanatory note given low OT/Second-Temple-literacy among Dutch readers.
Shipwreck Of Faith
Approved rendering: schipbreuk lijden (met het geloof)
Transliteration: nauageō
Doctrine: Guarding the Deposit of Faith
Original: ναυαγέω
Category: Faith
New term. 1 Timothy 1:19. Vivid nautical metaphor for the destruction, not mere weakening, of one’s faith.
Referenced passages