Cross-Reference Analysis
Cross-Reference Analysis — 2 Corinthians (English → Dutch)
Purpose and Method
This document maps every Old Testament quotation and allusion, every messianic reference, and every typological pattern across all thirteen chapters of 2 Corinthians, and cross-references these against the baseline Romans Language Package to establish rendering-consistency rules for shared quotations and shared theological vocabulary. Per the full-book coverage mandate, every chapter is reviewed explicitly; chapters with no direct OT quotation are noted as such rather than omitted.
Citation normalization convention: All citations use the format Book Chapter:Verse (e.g., “Galatians 2:16”, “Genesis 15:6”) in both the English-language working notes and the Dutch-facing outputs, substituting the established Dutch book name per the table in Section 6. Book names follow the same convention already fixed in 12_ai_translation_requirements.md §Cross-Reference Preservation Rules.
Section 1 — Chapter-by-Chapter Cross-Reference Matrix
Core Passage: 2 Corinthians 5:11-21
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 5:14-15 | Substitutionary, representative death | Christ | Echoes Adam-Christ typology developed fully in Romans 5:12-19 and 1 Corinthians 15:22, 45 (“as in Adam all die, so in Christ shall all be made alive”); not a direct OT quotation but a theological structure rooted in Genesis 2-3 | ”allen” (all) must not be softened; parallels Romans’ Universal Scope of the Gospel guard (baseline High) |
| 2 Corinthians 5:17 | New Creation | believer, “anyone in Christ” | Echoes Genesis 1:1 creation language and Isaiah 43:18-19 / Isaiah 65:17 (“new heavens and a new earth,” “former things shall not be remembered”) | “nieuwe schepping” must read as a sovereign divine act, echoing Genesis and Isaiah’s eschatological “new things,” not a self-help “nieuwe start” |
| 2 Corinthians 5:18-20 | Reconciliation with God | Christ, the reconciled world | Directly parallel in vocabulary and theology to Romans 5:10-11 and Romans 11:15, which use the same Greek root καταλλάσσω/καταλλαγή (“reconciled… reconciliation”); no single OT quotation, but the estranged-then-restored covenant relationship pattern echoes Hosea 1-3 and Isaiah 54:5-10 | See Rendering-Consistency Rule 1 (Section 5): “verzoening/verzoenen” must match however Romans 5:10-11 is rendered in the Dutch Romans materials, even though the baseline TM did not originally capture this term |
| 2 Corinthians 5:19 | Non-imputation of sin | God, humanity (“the world”) | Mirror-image counterpart to Genesis 15:6 (“Abraham believed… and it was counted to him as righteousness”), the anchor text of Romans 4:3, 4:9, 4:22 and the baseline’s Critical imputed_righteousness entry | See Rendering-Consistency Rule 2: “toerekenen” (not “vergeven”) must be the verb here, matching the baseline’s forensic-accounting rendering exactly |
| 2 Corinthians 5:21 | Substitutionary atonement / imputed righteousness | Christ (sinless one made sin) | Typological fulfillment of the Levitical sin offering (Leviticus 4:1-35; Leviticus 16) and the Suffering Servant of Isaiah 53:4-6, 9-12 (“he was numbered with transgressors… the LORD has laid on him the iniquity of us all”); also echoes Genesis 15:6/Romans 4 righteousness-by-faith vocabulary | Requires translator’s note distinguishing this singular Christological “made sin” claim from the universal-humanity sin references elsewhere in the corpus; “gerechtigheid van God” must match Romans 1:17/3:21-26 exactly |
Chapter 1
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 1:3 | Comfort/Suffering in Ministry | God as “Father of mercies” | Allusion to Exodus 34:6 (“the LORD… merciful and gracious”) and Psalm 103:13 (“as a father shows compassion to his children”) | “Vader van de barmhartigheden” should echo the same divine-compassion register as any Psalm 103 rendering used in related curricula |
| 2 Corinthians 1:20 | Faithfulness of God’s promises | Christ (“in him it is always Yes”) | Echoes covenant-ratification “Amen” language of Deuteronomy 27:15-26 and Nehemiah 8:6 | Low risk; standard liturgical “Amen” transliteration |
| 2 Corinthians 1:22 | Guarantee of the Spirit | Holy Spirit | No direct OT quotation; conceptually parallels the covenant “seal” and “pledge” imagery of Genesis 38:17-18 (arrabōn as loanword for a pledge/deposit) | “onderpand” risk already flagged in 07_semantic_analysis.md; no additional OT-specific sensitivity beyond that already noted |
Chapter 1 reviewed in full: no additional direct OT quotations beyond those above; remaining vocabulary (comfort, affliction, sincerity, boasting) is covered doctrinally in 07_semantic_analysis.md and 08_core_glossary.md.
Chapter 2
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 2:14-16 | Fragrance/aroma of Christ | Paul, apostolic team | Allusion to the sacrificial “pleasing aroma” formula of Genesis 8:21 and Leviticus 1:9, 13, 17; Exodus 29:18 | Retain sacrificial-offering resonance in “geur (van Christus),” not merely a generic pleasant smell |
| 2 Corinthians 2:17 | Sincerity vs. peddling God’s word | false teachers (implicit) | No direct OT quotation; echoes prophetic denunciations of mercenary religious leaders, e.g., Micah 3:11, Ezekiel 34:2-3 | ”venten met/sjoemelen met” must retain the prophetic-denunciation force, not read as mild commercial critique |
Chapter 2 reviewed in full: no further direct OT citations; the Roman “triumphal procession” (2:14) is a Greco-Roman civic image, not an OT allusion, and requires no OT cross-reference.
Chapter 3
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 3:3 | New Covenant written on hearts | Moses (implicit contrast) | Direct allusion to Exodus 31:18/34:1 (“tablets of stone”) contrasted with Jeremiah 31:33 (“I will write my law on their hearts”) and Ezekiel 11:19/36:26 (“a new heart… heart of flesh”) | Must preserve the stone-vs-heart contrast; do not flatten into generic “inner change” language |
| 2 Corinthians 3:6 | Letter and Spirit; New Covenant | — | Direct conceptual parallel to Jeremiah 31:31-34 (the “new covenant” oracle) and to Romans 2:29 and Romans 7:6, which use the identical γράμμα/πνεῦμα (gramma/pneuma) pairing | See Rendering-Consistency Rule 3: “de letter / de Geest” must be checked against and matched to Romans 2:29 and 7:6 renderings for whole-Pauline-corpus consistency |
| 2 Corinthians 3:7-11 | Fading glory of the old covenant | Moses | Direct allusion to Exodus 34:29-35 (Moses’ radiant, veiled face) | “heerlijkheid” reused exactly from baseline; must retain the fading-vs-permanent contrast |
| 2 Corinthians 3:13-16 | Veil over hearts | Moses; “whenever Moses is read” | Direct allusion to Exodus 34:33-35 (Moses veiling his face) and Isaiah 6:9-10-style hardened-perception language | Must retain spiritual-blindness metaphor in “bedekking/sluier,” not literal cloth alone |
| 2 Corinthians 3:16 | Removal of the veil in Christ | — | Direct allusion to Exodus 34:34 (“whenever Moses went in before the LORD… he would remove the veil”) | Christ as the one to whom Moses’ veiled encounter now points; messianic typological fulfillment |
| 2 Corinthians 3:18 | Progressive transformation into Christ’s image | believers | Echoes Exodus 34:29-35 typologically (unveiled face reflecting glory) and Genesis 1:26-27 (image of God) | “beeld” and “veranderd” must retain theological (not biological-metamorphosis) sense |
Typology note (ch. 3): Moses functions as a type whose veiled, fading ministry is surpassed by Christ’s unveiled, permanent glory — the central typological structure of the New Covenant vs. Old doctrine.
Chapter 4
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 4:6 | God’s creative light | — | Direct echo/near-quotation of Genesis 1:3 (“Let there be light”) | Must retain creation-power register, paralleling Romans 4:17’s creation-out-of-nothing language |
| 2 Corinthians 4:13 | Faith that speaks | the Psalmist (implicit) | Direct quotation of Psalm 116:10 (LXX Psalm 115:1), “I believed, and so I spoke” | Standard quotation-marking conventions apply; align with any existing Dutch Psalter rendering used elsewhere in the curriculum library |
| 2 Corinthians 4:4 | Christ as the image of God | Christ; “the god of this world” (Satan) | Echoes Genesis 1:26-27 image-of-God language, now applied Christologically | Distinguish this Christological “image” from ch. 3’s transformational “image” sense for believers |
Chapter 5
Verses 11-21 are treated in full above as the core passage. Additional load-bearing cross-references in 5:1-10:
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 5:1-4 | Tent/earthly dwelling vs. heavenly body | — | Echoes the tabernacle/tent imagery of Exodus 25-27 and the “house not made with hands” contrast with Solomon’s temple (1 Kings 8:27) | “tent/aardse woning” should not collapse into a purely secular housing metaphor |
| 2 Corinthians 5:10 | Judgment seat of Christ | Christ | Echoes the divine tribunal imagery of Ecclesiastes 12:14 and Daniel 7:9-10 | Must be distinguished from final condemnatory judgment; connects to baseline’s Assurance of Salvation doctrine (High) |
Chapter 6
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 6:2 | Day of salvation | — | Direct quotation of Isaiah 49:8, “At the acceptable time I have listened to you, and helped you in the day of salvation” | Shares the “salvation” vocabulary already registered in baseline (behoud, High); confirm register matches |
| 2 Corinthians 6:16 | Temple of the living God | corporate church | Direct allusion to Leviticus 26:11-12 and Ezekiel 37:27, “I will make my dwelling among them… I will be their God, and they shall be my people" | "tempel van de levende God” must convey corporate divine indwelling, echoing baseline’s church/gemeente collision note |
| 2 Corinthians 6:17 | Call to separation | corporate church | Direct quotation of Isaiah 52:11, “Go out from their midst, and be separate from them… touch no unclean thing” | See Rendering-Consistency Rule 4: guard against unintended allusion to the historical 1834 “Afscheiding” secession in Dutch church history |
| 2 Corinthians 6:18 | Sonship/fatherhood of God | — | Direct allusion combining 2 Samuel 7:14 (“I will be his father, and he shall be my son”) and Isaiah 43:6 (“bring my sons from afar and my daughters from the end of the earth”) | Connects to baseline’s Adoption doctrine (Medium, “aanneming tot kinderen”); confirm consistent father-son(s)/daughter(s) vocabulary |
Typology note (ch. 6): The corporate church is presented as fulfilling the temple/dwelling-place typology of the tabernacle and Solomon’s temple, and as the true “sons and daughters” heirs of the Davidic sonship promise.
Chapter 7
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 7:9-10 | Godly grief leading to repentance | Corinthian church, Titus | No direct OT quotation; echoes the prophetic call-to-repentance pattern of Joel 2:12-13 (“return to me with all your heart… rend your heart”) and Jonah 3:5-10 | ”droefheid naar God” and “bekering” must retain the reorientation sense of the prophetic repentance calls, not mere regret |
Chapter 7 reviewed in full: no further direct OT citations.
Chapter 8
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 8:15 | Equality in giving | Israel in the wilderness (implicit) | Direct quotation of Exodus 16:18, “Whoever gathered much had nothing left over, and whoever gathered little had no lack” (manna provision) | Manna typology must be recognizable; “gelijkheid” risk (Section 08) applies here directly |
| 2 Corinthians 8:9 | Christ’s self-impoverishment | Christ | Echoes the Suffering Servant’s self-emptying pattern (Isaiah 53:3-4) and Philippians 2:6-8’s kenosis hymn | Reinforces “genade” (grace) as Christ’s costly self-giving, not mere generosity |
Chapter 9
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 9:9 | Enduring righteousness of the generous | the righteous person (Psalmist’s ideal) | Direct quotation of Psalm 112:9, “He has distributed freely, he has given to the poor; his righteousness endures forever" | "gerechtigheid” here is the ethical-fruit sense, distinct from the forensic-justification sense in 2 Corinthians 5:21; flagged already in 08_core_glossary.md |
Chapter 9 reviewed in full: no further direct OT citations.
Chapter 10
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 10:17 | Legitimate boasting | — | Direct quotation of Jeremiah 9:23-24, “Let not the wise man boast in his wisdom… but let him who boasts boast in this, that he understands and knows me” | See Rendering-Consistency Rule 5: “roemen in de Heere” must be checked for consistency against how the same Jeremiah quotation is treated in any 1 Corinthians materials (1 Corinthians 1:31 quotes the identical text) and against Romans’ own “boasting” vocabulary (Romans 2:17, 23; 3:27; 4:2; 5:2-3, 11) |
Chapter 11
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 11:2 | Betrothal/bridal fidelity | the church, Christ (bridegroom) | Echoes the marriage-covenant metaphor of Hosea 1-3 and Isaiah 62:5 (“as a bridegroom rejoices over his bride”) | “reine maagd” must retain the covenantal-fidelity sense, not a clinical-biological reading |
| 2 Corinthians 11:3 | Deception of the church | Eve, the serpent (Satan) | Direct reference to Genesis 3:1-6, “the serpent deceived Eve by his cunning” | Named OT characters (Eve, serpent) — must render as recognizable allusion to the Genesis Fall narrative, not generalized “temptation” language |
| 2 Corinthians 11:14 | Satan’s disguise | Satan | Extends the Genesis 3 serpent-deception motif; no separate direct OT quotation | ”engel van het licht” continues the same deception theme introduced at 11:3 |
| 2 Corinthians 11:22 | Jewish heritage | Israelites, offspring of Abraham | Direct self-identification echoing the patriarchal narratives (Genesis 12-50) | Low risk; establishes Paul’s own covenant-people credentials against rival teachers |
Typology note (ch. 11): The church’s relationship to Christ is cast typologically as bride to bridegroom (Hosea/Isaiah pattern), vulnerable to deception as Eve was in Genesis 3 — a direct character-based OT parallel requiring the named figures (Eve, serpent) to remain identifiable.
Chapter 12
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 | Paradise / third heaven | Paul | Uses παράδεισος (paradeisos), the same Greek loanword used in the Septuagint for the Garden of Eden (Genesis 2:8-10) | “paradijs” should retain the Eden-echo for readers familiar with the term’s biblical origin, though modern Dutch usage is now largely secular/idiomatic |
| 2 Corinthians 12:7-9 | Thorn in the flesh; sufficiency of grace | Paul | No direct OT quotation; the “thorn”/“messenger” affliction motif echoes Job’s affliction narrative (Job 1-2) and Numbers 33:55 (“thorns in your sides”) | See 07_semantic_analysis.md and 08_core_glossary.md for the idiom-drift risk already flagged |
Chapter 12 reviewed in full: no further direct OT citations beyond the Eden/paradise echo.
Chapter 13
| Passage | Theme | Related Character | OT/NT Connection | Translation Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 13:1 | Confirmation by witnesses | — | Direct quotation/citation of Deuteronomy 19:15, “Every matter must be established by the testimony of two or three witnesses” | Legal-procedural Torah citation; low doctrinal risk but should be recognizable as a direct Torah quotation, not a general proverb |
| 2 Corinthians 13:13-14 | Trinitarian benediction | Father, Son, Holy Spirit | No direct OT quotation; closing formula draws together grace (charis), love (agapē), fellowship (koinōnia) themes traced through the whole letter | See Rendering-Consistency Rule 6: this benediction is a fixed liturgical formula in Dutch worship and must match established liturgical wording exactly |
Section 2 — Messianic References Summary
| Reference | Messianic Content | Fulfillment Pattern | Dutch Sensitivity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2 Corinthians 1:19-20 | Christ as the “Yes” fulfilling all God’s promises | All OT covenant promises converge and are ratified in Christ | Must retain the note of comprehensive covenant fulfillment, not a vague general affirmation |
| 2 Corinthians 3:14-16 | Christ as the one who removes Moses’ veil | Typological fulfillment/surpassing of the Mosaic covenant | See Rule 3 (letter/Spirit consistency) |
| 2 Corinthians 4:4 | Christ as “the image of God” | Fulfills and exceeds Genesis 1:26-27 image-of-God language | Distinguish from the derivative human “image of God” sense |
| 2 Corinthians 5:21 | Christ as sinless substitute, “made sin for us” | Fulfills Levitical sin offering typology and Isaiah 53’s Suffering Servant | CRITICAL — see core passage matrix above |
| 2 Corinthians 8:9 | Christ’s voluntary self-impoverishment | Echoes and exceeds the Suffering Servant’s self-giving (Isaiah 53:3-4) | Reinforces the Grace ≠ merit doctrine |
| 2 Corinthians 11:2 | Christ as bridegroom of the church | Fulfills the OT marriage-covenant metaphor (Hosea, Isaiah 62) | See Section 1, ch. 11 |
| 2 Corinthians 13:14 | Trinitarian formula naming the Lord Jesus Christ, God, and the Holy Spirit together | Full canonical Trinitarian revelation, presupposing all prior messianic fulfillment | See Rule 6 |
Section 3 — Typological Patterns Across the Letter
| Type (OT) | Antitype (2 Corinthians) | Key Passages | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Moses’ veiled, fading glory (Exodus 34:29-35) | Christ’s unveiled, permanent glory | 2 Corinthians 3:7-18 | Central typological structure of the New Covenant vs. Old doctrine |
| Manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16) | Grace-motivated equality in giving | 2 Corinthians 8:13-15 | Provision typology, not redistribution ideology |
| Levitical sin offering / Isaiah’s Suffering Servant | Christ “made sin for us” | 2 Corinthians 5:21 | The letter’s single most theologically dense typological claim |
| Tabernacle/temple as God’s dwelling (Exodus 25-27; Leviticus 26; Ezekiel 37) | The church as “temple of the living God” | 2 Corinthians 6:16 | Corporate, not individualistic, dwelling-place typology |
| Eden/Paradise (Genesis 2) | Paul’s “third heaven” vision | 2 Corinthians 12:2-4 | Shared Greek loanword (paradeisos) links the two texts directly |
| Eve deceived by the serpent (Genesis 3) | The church vulnerable to deception by false apostles | 2 Corinthians 11:3, 13-15 | Direct named-character parallel; both figures (Eve, serpent/Satan) must remain identifiable in translation |
| Adam, whose sin brought death to all (implicit; developed fully in Romans 5:12-19, 1 Corinthians 15:22) | Christ, whose death and resurrection bring new creation life to all who are in him | 2 Corinthians 5:14-17 | Not a direct 2 Corinthians citation of Genesis, but the underlying Adam-Christ typology fully developed in Romans; consistency with Romans 5 rendering is essential |
Section 4 — Parallels to Romans and Rendering-Consistency Implications
2 Corinthians and Romans share several quotations, near-quotations, and technical vocabulary items. Because learners will move between the Romans curriculum and this 2 Corinthians curriculum, the following parallels require deliberate consistency management.
| Shared Element | Romans Occurrence | 2 Corinthians Occurrence | Consistency Requirement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Reconciliation (καταλλάσσω/καταλλαγή) | Romans 5:10-11; Romans 11:15 | 2 Corinthians 5:18-20 | Not in baseline TM at all — must be added and back-applied conceptually to Romans 5:10-11/11:15 rendering; see Rule 1 |
| Imputation/non-imputation (λογίζομαι, “toerekenen”) | Romans 4:3-9, 22-24 (baseline Critical imputed_righteousness) | 2 Corinthians 5:19, 21 | Must use identical verb “toerekenen”; see Rule 2 |
| Letter vs. Spirit (γράμμα/πνεῦμα) | Romans 2:29; Romans 7:6 | 2 Corinthians 3:6 | Must use identical pairing “de letter / de Geest”; see Rule 3 |
| Righteousness of God (δικαιοσύνη Θεοῦ) | Romans 1:17; Romans 3:21-26 (baseline Critical) | 2 Corinthians 5:21; 9:9 (distinct ethical-fruit sense) | “gerechtigheid van God” identical in forensic contexts; flag the ethical-fruit sense in 9:9 as distinct nuance, not a contradiction |
| Boasting (καυχάομαι/καύχημα/καύχησις) | Romans 2:17, 23; 3:27; 4:2; 5:2-3, 11; 11:18 | 2 Corinthians 1:12; 5:12; 10:8-18; 11:16-30; 12:1-9 (quoting Jeremiah 9:23-24 at 10:17) | Not in baseline TM — establish “roem/roemen” as the shared rendering across both curricula; see Rule 5 |
| Adam-Christ representative death/life pattern | Romans 5:12-19 | 2 Corinthians 5:14-17 | No shared citation, but shared theological structure; keep “allen” (all) unqualified in both |
| Adoption/sonship formula | Romans 8:15-16, 23; 9:4 (baseline Medium, “aanneming tot kinderen”) | 2 Corinthians 6:18 (quoting 2 Samuel 7:14/Isaiah 43:6) | Keep father/son(s)-and-daughter(s) vocabulary consistent with Romans’ adoption doctrine |
| Creation-power vocabulary | Romans 4:17 (“gives life to the dead, calls into being what does not exist”) | 2 Corinthians 4:6 (Genesis 1:3 echo); 5:17 (“new creation”) | Keep sovereign-divine-act register consistent; avoid self-help framing in either curriculum |
| Salvation-appeal urgency (parakaleō family) | Romans 10:9-13 (quoting Joel 2:32) | 2 Corinthians 5:20 (“we implore you… be reconciled to God”) | Both are evangelistic-appeal texts; maintain the same urgent, non-manipulative register already established in the baseline’s parakaleō disambiguation notes |
| Power of God (δύναμις Θεοῦ) | Romans 1:16 (baseline Medium) | 2 Corinthians 4:7; 12:9; 13:4 | ”kracht (van God)” reused exactly; 2 Corinthians adds the paradoxical “power in weakness” dimension not present in Romans |
| Weakness (ἀσθένεια) | Romans 8:26 (“the Spirit helps us in our weakness”) | 2 Corinthians 11:29-30; 12:5-10; 13:4, 9 | Not in baseline TM — recommend retroactive review of Romans 8:26’s Dutch rendering to confirm “zwakheid” was used there, for full-corpus consistency; see Rule 7 |
Section 5 — Rendering-Consistency Rules for Shared Quotations and Vocabulary
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Reconciliation (verzoening/verzoenen). Because Romans 5:10-11 and Romans 11:15 use the identical Greek root (καταλλάσσω/καταλλαγή) found in 2 Corinthians 5:18-20, the Dutch rendering “verzoening/verzoenen” established for 2 Corinthians must be treated as the corpus-wide standard. Recommend flagging Romans 5:10-11 and 11:15 for retroactive confirmation that any existing Dutch Romans materials use the same term; if not yet rendered, apply this same term when they are.
-
Non-imputation (“niet toerekenen”). 2 Corinthians 5:19 and 5:21 must use the verb “toerekenen,” identical to the baseline’s Critical
imputed_righteousnessentry (Romans 4:3-9). Never substitute “vergeven” (forgive) at this specific forensic-accounting point. -
Letter and Spirit (“de letter / de Geest”). 2 Corinthians 3:6 shares its γράμμα/πνεῦμα pairing exactly with Romans 2:29 and Romans 7:6. All three passages must use the identical Dutch pairing, with the same capitalization convention for “Geest” (Holy Spirit) vs. lowercase “geest” (abstract disposition) applied consistently across both curricula. Flag every occurrence for reviewer sign-off given the exegetical dispute noted in
07_semantic_analysis.md. -
Separation language (“afgescheiden/u afzonderen”). 2 Corinthians 6:17 (quoting Isaiah 52:11) must be rendered so as not to evoke the historical 1834 Dutch Reformed “Afscheiding” secession. Avoid the noun form “afscheiding” entirely in this verse; prefer verbal constructions (“zonder u af,” “houd u afgezonderd”) that do not read as a proper-noun historical allusion.
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Boasting (“roem/roemen”). 2 Corinthians 10:17 quotes Jeremiah 9:23-24 directly; this same text is also quoted in 1 Corinthians 1:31. Establish “roem/roemen” now as the fixed corpus-wide rendering for the καυχάομαι word family, to be applied identically wherever Romans’ own boasting vocabulary (Romans 2:17, 23; 3:27; 4:2; 5:2-3, 11; 11:18) is rendered, whether in existing or future Romans materials.
-
Trinitarian benediction (2 Corinthians 13:13-14). This closing formula is used liturgically in Dutch church services nearly verbatim (“De genade van de Heere Jezus Christus, en de liefde van God, en de gemeenschap van de Heilige Geest zij met u allen”). This established liturgical wording must be used exactly, following the same fixed-rendering rule the baseline applies to Romans 8:28 and Romans 10:9-10.
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Weakness (“zwakheid”). Because Romans 8:26 and 2 Corinthians (11:29-30; 12:5-10; 13:4, 9) share the identical Greek term ἀσθένεια, confirm or establish “zwakheid” as the consistent rendering in both curricula. If Romans 8:26 has already been rendered with a different Dutch word (e.g., “onmacht” or “gebrek”), flag for theologian review and harmonize toward “zwakheid,” since 2 Corinthians’ Power-in-Weakness doctrine depends on recognizing this as the same theological category Paul uses in Romans.
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Creation vocabulary (“nieuwe schepping” / creation-power language). Keep the sovereign, divine-agency register of 2 Corinthians 4:6 and 5:17 consistent with Romans 4:17’s creation-out-of-nothing language; avoid any self-help or wellness-adjacent vocabulary bleeding into either passage.
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Adam-Christ representative pattern. 2 Corinthians 5:14-15’s “one died for all… all died” must retain unqualified “allen” (all), matching the same guard already established for Romans 5:12-19’s Adam-Christ contrast and Romans 5:18’s “all men”/“alle mensen” language.
Section 6 — Citation Normalization: Book Name Conventions
All Scripture citations in Phase 2 outputs must use the following Dutch book-name conventions, extending the table already fixed in the baseline 12_ai_translation_requirements.md:
| English | Dutch | English | Dutch |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis | Genesis | Ezekiel | Ezechiël |
| Exodus | Exodus | Daniel | Daniël |
| Leviticus | Leviticus | Hosea | Hosea |
| Numbers | Numeri | Joel | Joël |
| Deuteronomy | Deuteronomium | Jonah | Jona |
| 1 Kings | 1 Koningen | Micah | Micha |
| 2 Samuel | 2 Samuël | Habakkuk | Habakuk |
| Psalms | Psalmen | Nehemiah | Nehemia |
| Proverbs | Spreuken | Isaiah | Jesaja |
| Ecclesiastes | Prediker | Jeremiah | Jeremia |
| Romans | Romeinen | 1 Corinthians | 1 Korintiërs |
| 2 Corinthians | 2 Korintiërs | Galatians | Galaten |
| Philippians | Filippenzen |
Verse numbers remain Arabic numerals; verse-range citations use a hyphen (e.g., “2 Korintiërs 5:11-21”), matching the YouVersion reference system already mandated in the baseline package.
This document extends, and must be read alongside, 07_semantic_analysis.md and 08_core_glossary.md. All new terms flagged here for translation memory addition (verzoening, toerekenen [non-imputation usage], letter/Geest, roem/roemen, zwakheid) are formally specified for glossary inclusion in the Phase 1 Step 2 deliverables and must be added to translation_memory.json before Phase 2 begins.