Core Glossary
Core Glossary — Hebrews (English → Dutch)
This glossary consolidates every load-bearing term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, across all 13 chapters of Hebrews, with its assigned Dutch rendering and doctrine-risk tier. Risk tiers use the same Critical/High/Medium/Low framework as the baseline doctrine_risk_registry.json. Terms already present in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json are marked [Baseline reuse] and their recorded rendering is carried over unchanged, per the hard rule that established renderings must be reused exactly.
Column “New/Reuse”: Reuse = term and rendering already fixed by the baseline Romans package; New = term introduced or newly load-bearing in Hebrews, requiring a new translation-memory entry in Phase 2.
A. Baseline Terms Reused Unchanged (from Romans Language Package)
| # | English term | Dutch rendering | Risk | Primary Hebrews passages | Reuse note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | gospel / good news | evangelie | Low | 4:2, 4:6 | Reused exactly. |
| 2 | grace | genade | High | 2:9, 4:16, 10:29, 12:15, 12:28, 13:9, 13:25 | Reused exactly; Hebrews’ grace-vocabulary must retain the same unmerited-favor content as Romans. |
| 3 | faith | geloof | Medium | 4:2, 6:1, 6:12, 10:22, 10:38-39, ch.11 (throughout), 12:2, 13:7 | Reused exactly; ch. 11 is Hebrews’ central “faith” exposition. |
| 4 | righteousness | gerechtigheid | Critical | 1:9, 5:13, 7:2, 11:7, 11:33, 12:11 | Reused exactly; “Melchizedek” (7:2) etymologically means “king of righteousness” — teaching note, not a translation change. |
| 5 | salvation | behoud | High | 1:14, 2:3, 2:10, 5:9, 6:9, 9:28, 10:39 | Reused exactly; must remain the fixed curriculum register per baseline’s three-way split note. |
| 6 | apostle | apostel | Low–Medium | 3:1 (applied uniquely to Christ) | Reused; flagged Medium here due to unique application to Christ rather than human apostles — see semantic analysis ch. 3. |
| 7 | called / calling | geroepen / roeping | Medium–High | 3:1, 5:4, 9:15, 11:8 | Reused exactly. |
| 8 | holy | heilig | Medium–High | throughout (heiligdom, heilige plaatsen, etc.) | Reused; root shared across many sanctuary/priesthood compounds. |
| 9 | saints / holy ones | heiligen | High | 6:10, 13:24 | Reused exactly. |
| 10 | sanctification / sanctify | heiliging / heiligen | Medium | 2:11, 9:13, 10:10, 10:14, 10:29, 13:12 | Reused exactly; ceremonial vs. ongoing-Spirit senses both occur — flag contextually. |
| 11 | resurrection | opstanding | Medium | 6:2, 11:35, 13:20 | Reused exactly. |
| 12 | lord | Heer | High | 1:10, 2:3, 7:14, 13:20 | Reused exactly. |
| 13 | son of God | Zoon van God | Critical | 4:14, 6:6, 7:3, 10:29 | Reused exactly; ch.1’s full Sonship argument underlies every later occurrence. |
| 14 | glory | heerlijkheid | Medium–High | 1:3, 2:7, 2:10, 3:3, 9:5 (cherubim of glory) | Reused; elevated to High in 1:3’s deity-of-Christ formula (see semantic analysis). |
| 15 | law | wet (capitalized “de Wet” for Torah) | High | 7:5, 7:12, 7:16, 7:19, 7:28, 8:4, 9:19, 10:1, 10:8, 10:28 | Reused exactly. |
| 16 | sin | zonde | High | throughout, esp. 9:26, 10:26, 12:1, 12:4 | Reused exactly; Dutch “pity/waste” colloquial drift risk applies equally here. |
| 17 | father | Vader | Medium | 1:5, 12:9 | Reused exactly. |
| 18 | god | God | Critical | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| 19 | holy spirit | Heilige Geest | Medium–High | 2:4, 3:7, 6:4, 9:8, 9:14, 10:15 | Reused exactly; 9:14’s “eternal Spirit” phrase carries elevated ambiguity risk (see semantic analysis). |
| 20 | jesus | Jezus | Low–Critical | throughout | Reused exactly. |
| 21 | messiah / christ | Messias / Christus | Medium–Critical | throughout | Reused per baseline transliteration standard: “Christus” as proper-name form, “Messias” where the office-title is in focus. |
| 22 | prophet / prophecy | profeet / profetie | Low | 1:1 | Reused exactly. |
| 23 | covenant | verbond | High | 7:22, 8:6-13, 9:4, 9:15-20, 10:16, 10:29, 12:24, 13:20 | Reused exactly; Hebrews’ most load-bearing reused term — see also new “testament” entry below for the 9:16-17 wordplay. |
| 24 | intercession | voorbede | Medium | 7:25 | Reused exactly. |
| 25 | david | David | Low | 4:7, 11:32 | Reused exactly. |
| 26 | israel | Israël | Medium | 8:8, 8:10, 11:22 | Reused exactly. |
| 27 | exhort | vermanen (admonish) / aansporen (build up) | Low–Medium | vermanen: 3:13; aansporen: 10:24-25 | Reused exactly; baseline’s own admonish/build-up distinction directly applies to these two Hebrews passages. |
| 28 | church (body-of-Christ / gathered-people sense) | gemeente | High | 12:23 (“gemeente der eerstgeborenen”) | Reused exactly; contextual note: 12:23 is the heavenly, complete assembly, not a local congregation. |
| 29 | kingdom of god | Koninkrijk van God | Medium | 12:28 (as “onwankelbaar Koninkrijk”) | Reused; modified with “onwankelbaar” (unshakeable) as a Hebrews-specific qualifier. |
| 30 | peace | vrede | Low | 7:2 (Melchizedek etymology, “king of peace”), 12:11, 12:14, 13:20 | Reused exactly. |
| 31 | power of god | kracht van God | Medium | 1:3 (“word of His power”), 7:16 | Reused exactly. |
| 32 | gentiles | heidenen | Medium | (not directly used; retained for cross-document consistency only) | No direct Hebrews occurrence; listed for completeness. |
| 33 | election | verkiezing | Critical | (not directly used by this term in Hebrews; but see “called,” #7, and the apostasy/perseverance doctrine cluster below, which sits on the same Canons-of-Dort fault line) | Cross-referenced, not directly re-triggered by a Hebrews term; flagged for awareness given ch.3/6/10 apostasy discussions. |
| 34 | imputed righteousness | toegerekende gerechtigheid | Critical | (not directly used; Hebrews’ righteousness language is more priesthood/purity-oriented than forensic-imputation-oriented) | No direct occurrence; retained for cross-document consistency. |
B. New Terms Introduced by Hebrews (require new translation-memory entries)
| # | English term | Dutch rendering | Risk | Doctrine | Primary passages | Grounded risk reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 35 | high priest | hogepriester | High | Christ as the Great High Priest | 2:17, 3:1, 4:14-15, 5:1-10, 6:20, 7:26, 8:1, 9:7, 9:11, 9:25 | Dutch Catholic sacramental priesthood (“priester”) performs an ongoing re-presentative sacrifice at the Mass; Hebrews’ entire argument insists Christ’s high priesthood is singular and unrepeatable. Every occurrence must be checked against this collision. |
| 36 | priesthood | priesterschap | High | Superiority over the Levitical Priesthood | 7:11-24 | Same collision as #35; the change and permanence of Christ’s priesthood is itself part of the anti-repetition, anti-Mass-sacrifice argument. |
| 37 | altar | altaar | High | Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice / Access to God | 13:10 | Reformed tradition replaced the physical altar with a communion table precisely on grounds derived from this doctrine; Catholic liturgical altars remain central to the Mass. Direct collision with #35/#36. |
| 38 | mercy seat | verzoendeksel | Critical | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice; cross-links to baseline’s Romans 3:25 atonement flag | 9:5 | Same Greek word (ἱλαστήριον) as Romans 3:25, already flagged Critical in the baseline as requiring mandatory theologian review; standardizing on “verzoendeksel” (not “genadetroon,” which risks conflation with the unrelated “troon van de genade” metaphor of Heb 4:16) is essential for cross-document consistency. |
| 39 | atonement / propitiation | verzoening | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:17 (ἱλάσκεσθαι) | Contemporary Dutch mainline (PKN) theology has an active, unresolved internal debate over penal/propitiatory vs. exemplary/reconciliation-only accounts of the atonement; “verzoening” alone does not guarantee the propitiation-of-wrath sense is preserved. |
| 40 | testament / will (legal sense of διαθήκη) | testament | Critical | The New Covenant versus the Old | 9:16-17 | Same Greek word (διαθήκη) rendered “verbond” everywhere else in the book must shift to the distinct Dutch legal term “testament” for this two-verse unit to preserve the last-will-and-testament legal argument; requires a mandatory translator’s note. |
| 41 | once for all | eens voor altijd / eenmaal | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 7:27, 9:12, 9:26, 9:27, 9:28, 10:10 | The book’s central polemic against repeated/re-presented sacrifice, directly bearing on the Reformed-Catholic Mass-sacrifice debate; must be rendered identically at every occurrence. |
| 42 | redemption | verlossing | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:12, 9:15 | Distinct Greek term (λύτρωσις/ἀπολύτρωσις) from σωτηρία (“behoud,” salvation); risk that Dutch readers conflate “verlossing” with the baseline’s fixed “behoud” register choice, or vice versa — must be kept lexically distinct. |
| 43 | forgiveness | vergeving | Medium–High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:22, 10:18 | One of at least three distinct Greek atonement-terms in Hebrews 9 (ἄφεσις, ἀπολύτρωσις, ἱλαστήριον); must not be collapsed into “verzoening” or “verlossing.” |
| 44 | put away / annul sin | zonde tenietdoen / wegdoen | High | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:26 | Legal-forensic nullification (ἀθέτησις) distinct from mere “vergeven” (forgive); risk of losing the comprehensive, once-for-all annulment sense if flattened to ordinary pardon-language. |
| 45 | new covenant | nieuwe verbond | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:8, 8:13, 9:15, 12:24 | Shares baseline’s “verbond” High-risk status; additional Dutch-specific risk of conflation with “Nieuwe Testament” (the canonical corpus name), since both derive from the same Greek word. |
| 46 | first / old covenant | eerste verbond / oude verbond | Medium–High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:7, 8:13, 9:1, 9:15, 9:18 | Same conflation risk as #45. |
| 47 | tabernacle | tabernakel | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old; Access to God | 8:2, 8:5, 9:2-3, 9:6, 9:8, 9:11, 9:21, 13:10 | Stable, established Dutch Bible term; risk is limited to keeping typological “shadow/copy” vocabulary distinct (see #52-54). |
| 48 | holy places / holy of holies | de heilige plaatsen / het Heilige der Heiligen | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:3, 9:8, 9:12, 9:24, 9:25, 10:19 | Shares root with baseline “heilig/heiligen,” requiring care to keep the sanctuary-space sense distinct from the corporate-believers sense. |
| 49 | veil / curtain | voorhangsel | Low | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 6:19, 9:3, 10:20 | Stable, established Dutch Bible term. |
| 50 | blood | bloed | Low | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | throughout ch. 9-10, 12:24, 13:12,20 | Stable across all Dutch traditions. |
| 51 | sprinkling | besprenkeling | Low | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:13,19,21, 12:24 | Stable ritual term. |
| 52 | shadow | schaduw | Low | Superiority of Christ (typology) | 8:5, 10:1 | Stable. |
| 53 | copy / pattern | afbeelding / patroon | Medium | Superiority of Christ (typology) | 8:5, 9:23-24 | Must be kept distinct from #54 (ἀντίτυπα) to preserve Hebrews’ layered typological vocabulary. |
| 54 | antitype / corresponding copy | tegenbeeld | Medium | Superiority of Christ (typology) | 9:24 | Distinct nuance from #53; both terms occur within two verses of each other. |
| 55 | true / genuine (heavenly realities) | waarachtig | Low–Medium | Superiority of Christ (typology) | 8:2, 9:24 | Stable but must retain “genuine/real” force, not merely “true” in a propositional sense. |
| 56 | conscience | geweten | Low | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:9, 9:14, 10:2, 10:22, 13:18 | Stable, precise in Dutch. |
| 57 | purification / cleansing | reiniging / reinigen | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 1:3, 9:13-14, 9:22-23, 10:2 | Distinguish ceremonial/external (Levitical) cleansing from the deeper, conscience-level cleansing Christ accomplishes. |
| 58 | without blemish | onbevlekt / zonder gebrek | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:14 | Must retain sacrificial-purity sense, not soften to generic moral goodness. |
| 59 | mediator | Middelaar | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:6, 9:15, 12:24 | Established, stable Dutch theological title. |
| 60 | eternal inheritance | eeuwige erfenis | Low–Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 9:15 | ”Erfenis” alone can default to a purely secular financial sense in modern Dutch; context must reinforce covenantal meaning. |
| 61 | heir | erfgenaam | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Angels | 1:2, 1:14, 6:17, 11:7-9, 12:17 | Ties to #60; consistent rendering required across the whole book. |
| 62 | transgressions | overtredingen | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 2:2, 9:15 | Distinguish from baseline’s broader “zonde” (sin) — this is the forensic law-violation subset. |
| 63 | angels | engelen | Low | Superiority of Christ over Angels | ch.1-2, 12:22, 13:2 | Stable, no competing deity/angel-concept risk in Dutch culture. |
| 64 | Melchizedek | Melchizedek | Low | Christ as the Great High Priest | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17 | Proper name, stable across Dutch traditions. |
| 65 | order of Melchizedek | naar de orde van Melchizedek | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17 | Requires the whole-chapter-7 typological argument to be intelligible; low OT-literacy readers need supporting teaching notes. |
| 66 | rest | rust / sabbatsrust | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,8-11 | Ordinary Dutch “rust” denotes mere relaxation; the eschatological, salvific weight of the term risks being flattened without deliberate glossing. |
| 67 | hardening (of heart) | verharding (van het hart) | Medium | The Danger of Apostasy | 3:8,13,15; 4:7 | Shares vocabulary with the apostasy-warning cluster; consistency required. |
| 68 | unbelief | ongeloof | Medium | The Danger of Apostasy / Faith | 3:12,19; 4:2,6,11 | Negation of baseline “geloof”; reinforces shared root. |
| 69 | falling away / apostasy | afvalligheid / afvallen | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 2:1-3; 3:12; 6:4-6; 10:26-31; 12:25 | Directly intersects the Dutch Reformed doctrine of “volharding der heiligen” (perseverance of the saints), one of the Canons of Dort’s five points formulated against the Dutch Remonstrants — this curriculum’s single most Dutch-specific new doctrinal flashpoint. Mandatory Human theologian review at every occurrence. |
| 70 | perseverance | volharding | Critical | Perseverance and Assurance | 3:14; 6:11-12; 10:36; 12:1 | Direct terminological link to “volharding der heiligen,” one of the Canons of Dort’s Five Points (TULIP), making it foundational to Dutch Reformed confessional identity. |
| 71 | assurance / full assurance | verzekerdheid / volle verzekerdheid | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:11; 10:22 | Reuses the exact phrase already present in the baseline doctrine registry (“de verzekerdheid van het behoud”); must counterbalance rather than intensify Dutch “bevindelijk gereformeerd” introspective assurance-anxiety. |
| 72 | confidence / boldness | vrijmoedigheid | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35 | Established Dutch Reformed pietistic term; stable but must be used consistently at every occurrence. |
| 73 | throne of grace | troon van de genade | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 4:16 | Must be kept distinct from #38 (“verzoendeksel”) despite thematic overlap. |
| 74 | sympathize | medelijden hebben (met) | Low | Christ as the Great High Priest | 4:15; 10:34 | Stable. |
| 75 | tempted | verzocht / verzoeking | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 2:18; 4:15 | Practical (non-doctrinal) risk: near-homophone/near-homograph confusion with “verzoening” (atonement/propitiation, #39) — flag for proofreading. |
| 76 | pioneer / founder | Leidsman | High | Christ as the Great High Priest / Perseverance | 2:10; 12:2 (paired with “Voleinder”) | No single Dutch word captures both “originating source” and “one who goes ahead as leader”; must be fixed to one consistent rendering across both occurrences. |
| 77 | made perfect / perfect (verb) | volmaken / volmaakt | High | Christ as the Great High Priest (recurring structural term) | 2:10; 5:9; 7:19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:23 | Risk of moral-flawlessness misreading; the sense is completion/fitness-for-purpose, not sinlessness-attainment. Requires a standing translator’s note. |
| 78 | perfecter (of faith) | Voleinder | High | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:2 | Paired with #76; must share the τελειόω verb-family (#77) for internal consistency. |
| 79 | faithful | trouw | Medium | Superiority of Christ over Moses | 3:2,5-6; 10:23; 11:11 | Must be kept distinct from “gelovig” (believing, baseline “geloof” root) despite the shared πιστ- root in Greek. |
| 80 | learned obedience | leerde gehoorzaamheid | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 5:8 | Distinguish from baseline’s “gehoorzaamheid van het geloof” (believers’ obedience of faith) — here the subject is Christ’s own experiential learning. |
| 81 | milk / solid food | melk / vast voedsel | Low | (spiritual maturity, supporting motif) | 5:12-14 | Stable metaphor. |
| 82 | fallen away (6:4-6 specific term) | afgevallen | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 6:4-6 | See #69; this specific passage is the historic center of the Calvinist-Arminian debate on apostasy and must be routed to Human theologian review without exception. |
| 83 | oath | eed | Low | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:16-17; 7:20-21 | Stable. |
| 84 | anchor (of the soul) | anker (voor de ziel) | Low | Perseverance and Assurance | 6:19 | Stable nautical metaphor, transfers naturally into Dutch. |
| 85 | forerunner | voorloper | Low–Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 6:20 | Stable. |
| 86 | guarantor / surety | Borg | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 7:22 | Established Dutch Reformed devotional title (“Christus, onze Borg”). |
| 87 | permanent priesthood | blijvend priesterschap | High | Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:24 | Same Catholic-collision caution as #35-37; permanence/non-transferability is itself part of the anti-repetition argument. |
| 88 | intercession (verb, Christ’s ongoing) | voorbede (doen) | Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:25 | [Baseline reuse]. |
| 89 | holy, innocent, unstained | heilig, onschuldig, onbesmet | Low–Medium | Christ as the Great High Priest | 7:26 | Stable. |
| 90 | more excellent ministry | voortreffelijkere bediening | Medium | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:6 | Part of the “beter/voortreffelijker” comparative theme-family. |
| 91 | obsolete / waxing old | verouderd / op weg om te verdwijnen | High | The New Covenant versus the Old | 8:13 | Risk of implying wholesale dismissal of the Hebrew Scriptures rather than specifically the Sinai covenant-administration; requires teaching-note framing. |
| 92 | unintentional sins | onopzettelijke zonden | Low–Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:7 | Stable. |
| 93 | symbolic / parable | beeld / gelijkenis | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 9:9 | ”Gelijkenis” risks confusion with the Gospel-parable genre; clarify typological-symbolism sense. |
| 94 | regulations for the body | verordeningen voor het lichaam | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 9:10 | Shares δικ- root with “gerechtigheid”; confirm no unintended semantic bleed into the forensic-righteousness category. |
| 95 | new and living way | een nieuwe en levende weg | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 10:20 | Central image for this doctrine. |
| 96 | sin deliberately | moedwillig zondigen | Critical | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 10:26 | The book’s most severe warning passage; mandatory Human theologian review. |
| 97 | fearful expectation of judgment | een vreselijke verwachting van het oordeel | High | The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages | 10:27 | Pastoral-tonal balance required alongside doctrinal severity. |
| 98 | shrink back | terugdeinzen | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 10:38-39 | Transition term into ch. 11. |
| 99 | assurance / substance of things hoped for | de zekerheid der dingen die men hoopt | High | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:1 | Same Greek word (ὑπόστασις) used at 1:3 for Christ’s divine “nature” — risk of over- or under-theologizing; requires translator’s note distinguishing the two uses. |
| 100 | sojourners and exiles | vreemdelingen en bijwoners | Low–Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:13 | Stable, classic Statenvertaling/HSV phrase. |
| 101 | city with foundations / better country | een stad met fundamenten / een beter vaderland | Medium | Faith of the Old Testament Saints | 11:10,16 | Part of “beter” theme-family. |
| 102 | discipline | tucht | Medium–High | (Perseverance and Assurance, formative motif) | 12:5-11 | Dutch “tucht” carries institutional/ecclesiastical connotation risking a punitive rather than warm, formative reading; consider “opvoeding” as an alternative pending reviewer confirmation. |
| 103 | root of bitterness | wortel van bitterheid | Low | (community warning, supporting motif) | 12:15 | Stable idiom. |
| 104 | unshakeable kingdom | onwankelbaar Koninkrijk | Medium | Perseverance and Assurance | 12:28 | [Baseline reuse of “Koninkrijk van God” root, modified]. |
| 105 | consuming fire | een verterend vuur | Low | (closing warning motif) | 12:29 | Stable. |
| 106 | hospitality | gastvrijheid | Low | (closing exhortations) | 13:2 | Stable. |
| 107 | love of money | geldzucht | Low | (closing exhortations) | 13:5 | Stable. |
| 108 | sacrifice of praise | lofoffer | Medium | Access to God through Christ’s Blood | 13:15 | Must not be read as contributing to atonement — responsive worship only. |
| 109 | outside the camp / gate | buiten de legerplaats / buiten de poort | Medium | The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice | 13:11-13 | Typological link to Levitical ritual (Lev. 16) should remain recoverable. |
| 110 | great Shepherd of the sheep | de grote Herder der schapen | Medium | (closing benediction, Christological title) | 13:20 | Final reuse of covenant vocabulary paired with #45. |
| 111 | equip / make complete | toerusten | Low–Medium | (closing benediction) | 13:21 | Distinguish from #77’s τελειόω family despite semantic adjacency. |
C. Risk Summary (Hebrews-specific additions to the baseline framework)
| Risk tier | Count (new Hebrews terms, section B) | Notes |
|---|---|---|
| Critical | 5 | #38 mercy seat, #40 testament/will wordplay, #69 falling away/apostasy, #70 perseverance, #82 fallen away (6:4-6), #96 sin deliberately — (6 entries; the apostasy-cluster #69/#82/#96 should be reviewed together as one doctrinal unit) |
| High | 21 | Dominated by the priesthood/altar/Mass-sacrifice collision (#35-37, #87), the atonement-vocabulary cluster (#39, #41-44), and the assurance/perseverance cluster (#66, #71, #76-78, #91, #97, #99, #102) |
| Medium | ~55 | Typological, covenantal, and priesthood-adjacent vocabulary requiring native-speaker review |
| Low | ~30 | Stable, established terms with minimal ambiguity |
Overarching translation-risk finding: Hebrews introduces a second major Dutch denominational fault line beyond the Calvinist-Arminian election/perseverance axis already identified in the baseline Romans package — namely, the Reformed–Catholic sacrifice-of-the-Mass axis (high priest / priesthood / altar / once-for-all), which recurs far more pervasively in Hebrews than in Romans and should be treated as a standing, book-wide High-risk category, not merely a passage-specific flag. Phase 2 review routing should treat every occurrence of “hogepriester,” “priesterschap,” “altaar,” and “eens voor altijd” as automatically High-risk regardless of surrounding context, in addition to the case-by-case flags listed above.
Critical Risk Terms
Righteousness
Approved rendering: gerechtigheid
Transliteration: gerechtigheid
Doctrine: Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: deugd
Original: δικαιοσύνη
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 1:9; 5:13; 7:2 (Melchizedek’s name etymology, ‘king of righteousness’ - teaching-note material only, not a translation change); 11:7,33; 12:11. Must never collapse into ‘deugd’ (virtue).
Lord
Approved rendering: Heer
Transliteration: Heer
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: meester
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to Critical for Hebrews given its use in the ch. 1 OT catena (1:10; also 2:3; 7:14; 13:20) asserting Christ’s exclusive, supreme lordship as part of the deity-of-Christ argument.
Son Of God
Approved rendering: Zoon van God
Transliteration: Zoon van God
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: υἱὸς θεοῦ
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 4:14; 6:6; 7:3; 10:29. Chapter 1’s opening Christological claims intensify the baseline’s Critical flag: must never read as adoptive, honorary, or metaphorical sonship. Never soften toward the subordinationist Christology found in the Nieuwe-Wereldvertaling (Jehovah’s Witnesses).
God
Approved rendering: God
Transliteration: God
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: θεός
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. The Netherlands’ strong secularization means ‘God’ is increasingly encountered as cultural-historical vocabulary rather than a live personal claim; must remain the one true, personal, triune God throughout Hebrews.
Holy Spirit
Approved rendering: Heilige Geest
Transliteration: Heilige Geest
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 2:4; 3:7; 6:4; 9:8,14; 10:15,29. Must never be diluted toward impersonal-force language (a specific Nieuwe-Wereldvertaling collision risk documented in 05_translation_landscape.md). 9:14’s ‘eeuwige Geest’ carries elevated ambiguity risk - see separate entry.
Jesus
Approved rendering: Jezus
Transliteration: Jezus
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Stable across all Dutch Bible traditions.
Messiah Christ
Approved rendering: Christus / Messias
Transliteration: Christus / Messias
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: Χριστός
Category: Christology
Inherited from Romans package. Use ‘Christus’ as the established proper-name form and ‘Messias’ where the office-title is specifically in focus, per baseline transliteration standard.
Election
Approved rendering: verkiezing
Transliteration: verkiezing
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Inherited from Romans package for cross-document consistency; not directly triggered by a specific Hebrews term, but the Canons of Dort fault line it represents is directly relevant background to Hebrews’ own ‘volharding’/‘afvallen’ apostasy-perseverance cluster.
Imputed Righteousness
Approved rendering: toegerekende gerechtigheid
Transliteration: toegerekende gerechtigheid
Doctrine: Righteousness
Rejected alternatives: verdiende gerechtigheid
Inherited from Romans package for cross-document consistency; Hebrews’ own righteousness language is more priesthood/purity-oriented than forensic-imputation-oriented, so this exact phrase has no independent Hebrews occurrence, but must remain available and unchanged for any cross-referencing teaching material.
Mercy Seat
Approved rendering: verzoendeksel
Transliteration: verzoendeksel
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: genadetroon (NBV - risks conflation with ‘troon van de genade’, the unrelated Heb 4:16 metaphor), verzoeningsplaat / verzoeningsdeksel (other landscape variants, rejected for cross-document consistency)
Original: ἱλαστήριον
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:5. Same Greek word (hilastērion) as Romans 3:25, already Critical in the baseline package as requiring mandatory theologian review. Standardize exclusively on ‘verzoendeksel’ for cross-document consistency; mandatory theologian review at every occurrence.
Testament Will
Approved rendering: testament
Transliteration: testament
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: verbond (destroys the testator-must-die legal analogy at 9:16-17)
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New term, applies ONLY at Hebrews 9:16-17. Greek diathēkē’s Greco-Roman legal ‘last will and testament’ sense, exploited in the testator-argument. No circulating Dutch Bible translation (HSV, NBV, WV95) actually makes this lexical shift; it is a curriculum-specific translator’s clarification, not an existing Dutch Bible convention, and must be flagged as such with a mandatory translator’s note. Revert to ‘verbond’ immediately after v.17.
Falling Away Apostasy
Approved rendering: afvalligheid / afvallen
Transliteration: afvallen
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀποστασία / ἀφίστημι
Category: Apostasy
New term, this curriculum’s single most Dutch-specific doctrinal flashpoint. Occurs at 2:1-3; 3:12; 6:4-6; 10:26-31; 12:25. Directly intersects ‘volharding der heiligen’ (Canons of Dort, 1618-19), formulated against the Dutch Remonstrants’ position that true believers could apostatize. Mandatory Human theologian review at every occurrence; must carry full warning-force without pre-deciding the Calvinist-Arminian debate.
Fallen Away 6 4 6
Approved rendering: afgevallen
Transliteration: afgevallen
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
New term, specific to Hebrews 6:4-6 (‘impossible to restore again those who have fallen away’). This is the historic center of the Calvinist-Arminian debate over whether the ‘falling away’ here describes genuine believers who can lose salvation (Arminian/Remonstrant reading) or a hypothetical/rhetorical case, or professing-but-unregenerate persons (classic Reformed reading defending perseverance of the saints). Mandatory Human theologian review without exception; the rendering itself must remain theologically neutral enough to carry Scripture’s full warning-force.
Sin Deliberately
Approved rendering: moedwillig zondigen
Transliteration: moedwillig zondigen
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Rejected alternatives: expres het verkeerde blijven doen (BGT-style colloquial softening, unsuitable for doctrinal teaching use)
Original: ἑκουσίως ἁμαρτάνειν
Category: Apostasy
New term. Occurs at 10:26. The book’s most severe warning passage, the doctrinal apex of the apostasy-warning cluster; mandatory Human theologian review without exception.
Perseverance
Approved rendering: volharding
Transliteration: volharding
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑπομονή
Category: Perseverance
New term. Occurs at 3:14; 6:11-12; 10:36; 12:1. Direct terminological link to ‘volharding der heiligen’, one of the Canons of Dort’s Five Points, foundational to Dutch Reformed confessional identity. Mandatory Human theologian review at every occurrence.
Begotten
Approved rendering: verwekt
Transliteration: verwekt
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: γεγέννηκα
Category: Christology
New term. Quoted from Psalm 2:7 at Hebrews 1:5. Must not be read adoptionistically, as though Sonship began at a point in time; directly ties to the baseline’s Critical ‘Sonship of Christ’ doctrine and guards against the Nieuwe-Wereldvertaling’s subordinationist Christology (see 05_translation_landscape.md §3.1).
High Risk Terms
Grace
Approved rendering: genade
Transliteration: genade
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: gunst
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Recurs throughout Hebrews’ exhortations (2:9; 4:16; 10:29; 12:15,28; 13:9,25). Must retain unmerited-favor content; 10:29’s warning against ‘insulting the Spirit of grace’ sits directly on the apostasy-doctrine fault line.
Salvation
Approved rendering: behoud
Transliteration: behoud
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: verlossing (distinct Greek term in Hebrews, lytrōsis/apolytrōsis - kept lexically separate), zaligheid (archaic/pietistic register)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:14; 2:3,10; 5:9; 6:9; 9:28; 10:39. Must remain the fixed curriculum register and must be kept lexically distinct from the new Hebrews term ‘verlossing’ (redemption), a different Greek term.
Holy
Approved rendering: heilig
Transliteration: heilig
Doctrine: Sanctification
Rejected alternatives: rein
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated to High for Hebrews. Root shared across many sanctuary/priesthood compounds (‘heiligdom’, ‘heilige plaatsen’); care needed to keep sanctuary-space and corporate-believers senses distinct throughout chs. 9-10.
Saints
Approved rendering: heiligen
Transliteration: heiligen
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Original: ἅγιοι
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 6:10; 13:24. Catholic ‘de heiligen’ (canonized saints) versus the Reformed corporate sense remains a live fault line following the Netherlands’ historic Catholic-south/Reformed-north divide.
Glory
Approved rendering: heerlijkheid
Transliteration: heerlijkheid
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: δόξα
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package, elevated to High for Hebrews. Occurs at 1:3 (‘de afstraling van Zijn heerlijkheid’, a Critical deity-of-Christ formula), 2:7,10; 3:3; 9:5 (cherubim of glory). Treat the 1:3 occurrence as Critical-adjacent.
Law
Approved rendering: wet
Transliteration: wet
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: νόμος
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Capitalize as ‘de Wet’ for Torah. Occurs at 7:5,12,16,19,28; 8:4; 9:19; 10:1,8,28. Care needed that the Law’s original goodness is not denigrated, only its inability to bring final perfection (cf. baseline Romans 7:12 territory).
Sin
Approved rendering: zonde
Transliteration: zonde
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs throughout, especially 9:26; 10:26; 12:1,4. Dutch colloquial ‘a pity/waste’ drift risk applies equally in Hebrews, especially in warning passages where culpable transgression must not be softened.
Covenant
Approved rendering: verbond
Transliteration: verbond
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Hebrews’ most load-bearing reused term (7:22; 8:6-13; 9:4,15-20; 10:16,29; 12:24; 13:20). Must switch to the new term ‘testament’ only at 9:16-17’s legal-will wordplay and switch back immediately after; ‘verbond’ must never double as a synonym for the canonical ‘Oude/Nieuwe Testament’ book titles.
Church
Approved rendering: gemeente
Transliteration: gemeente
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
Rejected alternatives: kerk (institution-default)
Original: ἐκκλησία
Category: Church
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 10:24-25; 12:23 (‘gemeente der eerstgeborenen’); 13:1,24. The 12:23 occurrence describes the heavenly, complete assembly, not a local congregation - a contextual nuance requiring a teaching note even though the term itself is unchanged.
High Priest
Approved rendering: hogepriester
Transliteration: hogepriester
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: priester (bare - implies ongoing sacramental priesthood, forbidden substitution)
Original: ἀρχιερεύς
Category: Priesthood
New term. Occurs at 2:17; 3:1; 4:14-15; 5:1-10; 6:20; 7:26; 8:1; 9:7,11,25. Dutch Catholic sacramental priesthood (‘priesters’) performs an ongoing re-presentative sacrifice at the Mass; Hebrews argues Christ’s high priesthood is singular and unrepeatable. Treat every occurrence as automatically High-risk regardless of surrounding context.
Priesthood
Approved rendering: priesterschap
Transliteration: priesterschap
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over the Levitical Priesthood
Original: ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
New term. Occurs at 7:11-24. Same Reformed-Catholic collision as ‘hogepriester’; the change and permanence of Christ’s priesthood is itself part of the anti-repetition, anti-Mass-sacrifice argument.
Permanent Priesthood
Approved rendering: blijvend priesterschap
Transliteration: blijvend priesterschap
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἀπαράβατος ἱερωσύνη
Category: Priesthood
New term. Occurs at 7:24. Dutch ‘blijvend’ captures permanence but not the Greek’s specific legal nuance of non-transferability to a successor; supplement with an explanatory clause (‘niet overdraagbaar aan een opvolger’) in teaching notes.
Altar
Approved rendering: altaar
Transliteration: altaar
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: offerplaats (BGT-style paraphrase, rejected for doctrinal imprecision)
Original: θυσιαστήριον
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 13:10. Dutch Catholic liturgical practice retains a physical altar as the locus of the Mass; Reformed churches historically replaced altars with a communion table precisely on grounds derived from this doctrine. Sits on the identical Reformed-Catholic fault line as ‘hogepriester’.
Atonement Propitiation
Approved rendering: verzoening
Transliteration: verzoening
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: goedmaken (BGT-style, loses propitiatory/wrath-directed sense entirely)
Original: ἱλάσκομαι
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 2:17. Contemporary Dutch mainline (PKN) theology has an active, unresolved internal debate over penal/propitiatory vs. exemplary/reconciliation-only accounts of the atonement; ‘verzoening’ alone does not automatically convey propitiation of wrath. Reviewers must confirm doctrinal content is not silently softened.
Once For All
Approved rendering: eens voor altijd / eenmaal
Transliteration: eens voor altijd / eenmaal
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: eenmaal (alone, without ‘voor altijd’ finality - forbidden softening)
Original: ἐφάπαξ / ἅπαξ
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 7:27; 9:12,26,27,28; 10:10. The precise term historically deployed by Dutch Reformed theology against the Catholic doctrine of the re-presented sacrifice of the Mass; must never be softened to bare ‘eenmaal’ where finality is asserted, and must be rendered identically at every occurrence.
Redemption
Approved rendering: verlossing
Transliteration: verlossing
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: λύτρωσις / ἀπολύτρωσις
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:12,15. Distinct Greek term (lytrōsis/apolytrōsis) from sōtēria (‘behoud’, salvation); risk that Dutch readers conflate ‘verlossing’ with the baseline’s fixed ‘behoud’ register choice - must be kept lexically distinct from both ‘behoud’ and ‘vergeving’.
Forgiveness
Approved rendering: vergeving
Transliteration: vergeving
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄφεσις
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:22; 10:18. One of at least three distinct Greek atonement-terms in Hebrews 9-10 (aphesis, apolytrōsis, hilastērion); must not be collapsed into ‘verzoening’ or ‘verlossing’.
Put Away Sin
Approved rendering: zonde tenietdoen
Transliteration: zonde tenietdoen
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Rejected alternatives: zonde vergeven (collapses distinct legal-annulment sense into ordinary pardon), zonde wegnemen (NBV, drifts toward simple removal rather than legal nullification)
Original: ἀθέτησις ἁμαρτίας
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:26. Legal-forensic nullification (athetēsis), not mere pardon of individual acts; ‘tenietdoen’ preserves the legal-annulment sense but reviewer must confirm the personal/relational dimension is not lost through over-legalizing.
New Covenant
Approved rendering: nieuwe verbond
Transliteration: nieuwe verbond
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: διαθήκη καινή
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at 8:8,13; 9:15; 12:24 (Jeremiah 31 fulfillment). Additional Dutch-specific risk of conflation with ‘Nieuwe Testament’ (the canonical corpus name), since both derive from diathēkē. Must match rendering at 8:8-13, 9:15, and 12:24 exactly.
Old Covenant
Approved rendering: eerste verbond / oude verbond
Transliteration: eerste verbond / oude verbond
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: πρώτη διαθήκη
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at 8:7,13; 9:1,15,18. Same conflation risk as ‘nieuwe verbond’; care needed not to imply wholesale dismissal of the Hebrew Scriptures, only the Sinai covenant-administration.
Rest
Approved rendering: rust / sabbatsrust
Transliteration: rust
Doctrine: Eschatological Rest
Original: κατάπαυσις / σαββατισμός
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at 3:11,18; 4:1,3,5,8-11. Ordinary Dutch ‘rust’ denotes mere relaxation/repose; the eschatological, salvific weight of God’s promised rest risks flattening for secularized readers lacking Heidelberg Catechism-style prior vocabulary. Every occurrence in 3:11-4:11 requires the sabbatsrust-anchored eschatological gloss.
Fearful Expectation Of Judgment
Approved rendering: een vreselijke verwachting van het oordeel
Transliteration: vreselijke verwachting van het oordeel
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
New term. Occurs at 10:27. Requires pastoral-tonal balance: doctrinal severity must not read as merely punitive terror divorced from the book’s overall confident tone.
Assurance
Approved rendering: verzekerdheid / volle verzekerdheid
Transliteration: verzekerdheid
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: πληροφορία
Category: Perseverance
New term. Occurs at 6:11; 10:22. Reuses the baseline doctrine registry’s exact phrase (‘de verzekerdheid van het behoud’); must counterbalance rather than intensify Dutch ‘bevindelijk gereformeerd’ introspective assurance-anxiety - reviewer must confirm the passage reads as confident rest in Christ’s finished work, not an invitation to self-examine for subjective evidence.
Substance Of Things Hoped For
Approved rendering: de zekerheid der dingen die men hoopt
Transliteration: de zekerheid der dingen die men hoopt
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Rejected alternatives: grondslag/overtuiging-register (NBV’s subjective-experiential shift, rejected in favor of HSV’s objective/legal register per baseline’s assurance-anxiety caution)
Original: ἐλπιζομένων ὑπόστασις
Category: Faith
New term. Occurs at 11:1. Same Greek word (hypostasis) used at 1:3 for Christ’s divine ‘wezen’ (essence); risk of either under-weighting this verse as generic confidence or over-theologizing it with technical Trinitarian freight it does not carry in this context. Requires a translator’s note distinguishing the two uses.
Pioneer Founder
Approved rendering: Leidsman
Transliteration: Leidsman
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Rejected alternatives: Oversten Leidsman (Statenvertaling, archaic), Auteur / Grondlegger (fails to capture the ‘goes ahead as leader’ sense)
Original: ἀρχηγός
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 2:10; 12:2 (paired with ‘Voleinder’). No single Dutch word captures both ‘originating source’ and ‘one who goes ahead as leader’; fixed to this one consistent rendering across both occurrences for cross-document consistency.
Perfecter
Approved rendering: Voleinder
Transliteration: Voleinder
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: τελειωτής
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 12:2, paired with ‘Leidsman’. Must share the teleioō verb-family rendering (‘volmaken/volmaakt’) for internal book-wide consistency.
Made Perfect
Approved rendering: volmaken / volmaakt
Transliteration: volmaakt
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: τελειόω
Category: Priesthood
New term, recurring structural verb-family. Occurs at 2:10; 5:9; 7:19,28; 9:9; 10:1,14; 11:40; 12:23. Risk of a moral-flawlessness misreading; the sense is completion/fitness-for-purpose (qualification for saving priestly office through suffering), not sinlessness-attainment. Requires a standing translator’s note and consistent tracking across all ~9 occurrences.
Obsolete Waxing Old
Approved rendering: verouderd / op weg om te verdwijnen
Transliteration: verouderd
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Rejected alternatives: is niet meer nodig (BGT-style, over-simplifies and loses the covenant-administration nuance)
New term. Occurs at 8:13. Requires careful teaching-note framing so as not to imply wholesale dismissal of the Hebrew Scriptures - only the Sinai covenant-administration is in view. Directly relevant to the Netherlands’ strong tradition of Christian Zionism and to interfaith sensitivity toward Jewish readers.
Eternal Spirit
Approved rendering: eeuwige Geest
Transliteration: eeuwige Geest
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πνεῦμα αἰώνιον
Category: God
New term. Occurs at 9:14, inside the core passage. Ambiguous referent (Holy Spirit vs. Christ’s own eternal divine spirit) carries real Trinitarian and Christological weight; must not be silently disambiguated in the Dutch rendering. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
Bear The Sins Of Many
Approved rendering: de zonden van velen dragen
Transliteration: de zonden van velen dragen
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: πολλῶν ἀνενεγκεῖν ἁμαρτίας
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:28. Direct intertextual echo of Isaiah 53:12 LXX; must preserve the Suffering Servant echo so Dutch readers can recognize the cross-reference. Fix rendering for cross-document consistency with any Isaiah 53 teaching material.
Discipline
Approved rendering: tucht
Transliteration: tucht
Doctrine: Divine Discipline
Rejected alternatives: opvoeding (warmer but loses the disciplinary edge - weigh per-passage per reviewer)
Original: παιδεία
Category: Perseverance
New term. Occurs at 12:5-11. Dutch ‘tucht’ carries a strong institutional/ecclesiastical connotation (‘kerkelijke tucht’ = formal church censure), risking a punitive rather than warm, formative fatherly reading. Reviewer must confirm surrounding context supplies sufficient relational warmth per the baseline’s warmth-in-register guidance.
Living God
Approved rendering: de levende God
Transliteration: de levende God
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: θεὸς ζῶν
Category: God
New term. A recurring refrain (3:12; 9:14; 10:31; 12:22). Given Dutch secularization, ‘living’ must not be read as merely rhetorical flourish but as a claim about God’s personal, active reality.
Exact Imprint Of Gods Nature
Approved rendering: de afdruk van Zijn wezen
Transliteration: de afdruk van Zijn wezen
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: karakter (false-friend candidate - means ‘personality’ in modern Dutch, rejected)
Original: χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 1:3. Greek hypostasis here carries technical philosophical/theological weight later used in Trinitarian creeds; must not be rendered with a term suggesting mere resemblance.
Radiance Of Glory
Approved rendering: de afstraling van Zijn heerlijkheid
Transliteration: de afstraling van Zijn heerlijkheid
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: ἀπαύγασμα τῆς δόξης
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 1:3. Christ’s deity expressed as the very outshining of God’s glory, not a reflected or derivative light; shares the baseline ‘heerlijkheid’ root but occurs in a Critical deity-of-Christ formula - treat as Critical-adjacent in this specific context.
Medium Risk Terms
Faith
Approved rendering: geloof
Transliteration: geloof
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: πίστις
Category: Faith
Inherited from Romans package. Chapter 11’s programmatic exposition (11:1-40) is Hebrews’ central ‘faith’ text; must specify personal trust in God, not generic pluralistic religiosity, for secularized Dutch readers.
Apostle
Approved rendering: apostel
Transliteration: apostel
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
Inherited from Romans package, risk elevated from Low to Medium for Hebrews. Hebrews 3:1 uniquely applies ‘apostel’ directly to Christ himself alongside ‘hogepriester’ - a category not anticipated by the baseline’s human-apostle-only assumption. Requires a translator’s note so this is not misread as reducing Christ to the same office as Paul or the Twelve.
Called
Approved rendering: geroepen
Transliteration: geroepen
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 3:1; 5:4; 9:15; 11:8, consistent with the baseline’s context-sensitive divine-calling doctrine.
Calling
Approved rendering: roeping
Transliteration: roeping
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Inherited from Romans package; retained for cross-document consistency though no independent Hebrews occurrence is separately tracked beyond ‘called’ (geroepen).
Sanctification
Approved rendering: heiliging / heiligen
Transliteration: heiliging
Doctrine: Sanctification
Original: ἁγιασμός / ἁγιάζω
Category: Sanctification
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 2:11; 9:13; 10:10,14,29; 13:12. Hebrews uses this root both for the Levitical rites’ external, ceremonial cleansing and Christ’s deeper, once-for-all sanctification of the conscience; the two senses must remain distinguishable in context or the core passage’s ‘how much more’ argument collapses.
Resurrection
Approved rendering: opstanding
Transliteration: opstanding
Doctrine: Resurrection of Christ
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 6:2; 11:35 (the OT saints’ hope of ‘a better resurrection’); 13:20. No competing reincarnation folk-concept in Dutch culture.
Father
Approved rendering: Vader
Transliteration: Vader
Doctrine: Divine Discipline
Original: πατήρ
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 1:5; 12:9. Warm relational register should be preserved per baseline’s tone guidance, especially in the ch. 12 discipline passage.
Intercession
Approved rendering: voorbede
Transliteration: voorbede
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: ἐντυγχάνω
Category: Priesthood
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 7:25, describing Christ’s continuing priestly intercession. Dutch usefully distinguishes ‘voorbede’ from Catholic ‘voorspraak’ (saints’/Marian advocacy), lowering ambiguity risk.
Israel
Approved rendering: Israël
Transliteration: Israël
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: Ἰσραήλ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 8:8,10 (Jeremiah 31 new-covenant quotation); 11:22. Dutch Christian Zionism combined with general political sensitivity creates real risk of conflating biblical Israel with the modern nation-state, compounded here by the 8:13 ‘obsolete’ language.
Kingdom Of God
Approved rendering: Koninkrijk van God
Transliteration: Koninkrijk van God
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Rejected alternatives: Koninkrijk Gods (archaic genitive)
Original: βασιλεία τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology
Inherited from Romans package. Root concept underlying Hebrews 12:28’s Hebrews-specific qualified form ‘onwankelbaar Koninkrijk’ (see separate entry).
Power Of God
Approved rendering: kracht van God
Transliteration: kracht van God
Doctrine: Sonship and Deity of Christ
Original: δύναμις
Category: God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 1:3 (‘het woord van Zijn kracht’, upholding the universe) and 7:16 (Christ’s indestructible life).
Gentiles
Approved rendering: heidenen
Transliteration: heidenen
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Inherited from Romans package for cross-document consistency only; no direct occurrence in Hebrews, which addresses a primarily Jewish-Christian audience.
Tabernacle
Approved rendering: tabernakel
Transliteration: tabernakel
Doctrine: Typology of the Tabernacle
Original: σκηνή
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 8:2,5; 9:2-3,6,8,11,21; 13:10. Stable, established Dutch Bible term (Statenvertaling/HSV); risk is limited to keeping the typological ‘shadow/copy’ vocabulary family distinct from it.
Holy Places
Approved rendering: de heilige plaatsen / het Heiligdom
Transliteration: de heilige plaatsen
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: τὰ ἅγια
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 9:3,8,12,24,25; 10:19. Shares the root of baseline ‘heilig’/‘heiligen’; must be kept distinct from the corporate-believers sense of ‘heiligen’.
Copy Pattern
Approved rendering: afbeelding / patroon
Transliteration: afbeelding
Doctrine: Typology of the Tabernacle
Original: ὑπόδειγμα
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 8:5; 9:23-24. Must be kept distinct from ‘tegenbeeld’ (antitypos) - Hebrews uses two related-but-distinct typological terms within two verses of each other at 9:23-24.
Antitype
Approved rendering: tegenbeeld
Transliteration: tegenbeeld
Doctrine: Typology of the Tabernacle
Original: ἀντίτυπος
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 9:24. Distinct nuance from ‘afbeelding’ (hypodeigma); a nuance easily flattened if both are rendered with the same Dutch word.
True Genuine
Approved rendering: waarachtig
Transliteration: waarachtig
Doctrine: Typology of the Tabernacle
Original: ἀληθινός
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 8:2; 9:24. Must retain ‘genuine/real’ force, not merely ‘true’ in a propositional sense - describes the heavenly sanctuary alone as truly real.
Purification
Approved rendering: reiniging / reinigen
Transliteration: reiniging
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: καθαρισμός / καθαρίζω
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 1:3; 9:13-14,22-23; 10:2. Distinguish ceremonial/external Levitical cleansing from the deeper, conscience-level cleansing Christ accomplishes, per the core passage’s a fortiori argument.
Without Blemish
Approved rendering: onbevlekt / zonder gebrek
Transliteration: onbevlekt
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἄμωμος
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:14. Must retain sacrificial-purity sense; must not soften to merely ‘sincere’ or ‘good’.
Mediator
Approved rendering: Middelaar
Transliteration: Middelaar
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: μεσίτης
Category: Covenant
New term (capitalized as a Christological title). Occurs at 8:6; 9:15; 12:24. Established, stable Dutch theological title shared across Reformed and Catholic usage; render identically at all three occurrences.
Eternal Inheritance
Approved rendering: eeuwige erfenis
Transliteration: eeuwige erfenis
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: αἰώνιος κληρονομία
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at 9:15. ‘Erfenis’ alone can default to a purely secular financial sense in modern Dutch; context must reinforce covenantal meaning.
Heir
Approved rendering: erfgenaam
Transliteration: erfgenaam
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: κληρονόμος
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at 1:2,14; 6:17; 11:7-9; 12:17. Ties to ‘eeuwige erfenis’; consistent rendering required across the whole book.
Transgressions
Approved rendering: overtredingen
Transliteration: overtredingen
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: παράβασις
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at 2:2; 9:15. Distinguish from the broader baseline ‘zonde’ (sin) - this is the forensic, law-violation subset.
Order Of Melchizedek
Approved rendering: naar de orde van Melchizedek
Transliteration: naar de orde van Melchizedek
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: τάξις Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
New term. Occurs at 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:11,17. Requires the Genesis 14 background; low OT-literacy Dutch readers (Reformed, Catholic, and secular alike) need a supporting teaching-note gloss at first occurrence.
Hardening Of Heart
Approved rendering: verharding van het hart
Transliteration: verharding
Doctrine: Eschatological Rest
Original: σκληρύνω
Category: Apostasy
New term. Occurs at 3:8,13,15; 4:7 (Psalm 95 quotation). Shares vocabulary with the broader apostasy-warning cluster; consistency required across occurrences.
Unbelief
Approved rendering: ongeloof
Transliteration: ongeloof
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: ἀπιστία
Category: Apostasy
New term. Occurs at 3:12,19; 4:2,6,11. Negation of baseline ‘geloof’ (faith); reinforces that this is unfaithfulness to the same trust-relationship, not a separate category of sin.
City With Foundations Better Country
Approved rendering: een stad met fundamenten / een beter vaderland
Transliteration: een beter vaderland
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
New term. Occurs at 11:10,16. Part of the ‘beter’ comparative theme-family; the eschatological hope motivating OT faith.
Confidence Boldness
Approved rendering: vrijmoedigheid
Transliteration: vrijmoedigheid
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παρρησία
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at 3:6; 4:16; 10:19,35. Established Dutch Reformed pietistic term (‘vrijmoedig tot de troon der genade gaan’); must be used consistently at every occurrence, with a light contextual gloss for secular or Catholic readers unfamiliar with the devotional register.
Throne Of Grace
Approved rendering: troon van de genade
Transliteration: troon van de genade
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θρόνος τῆς χάριτος
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at 4:16. Must be kept distinct from ‘verzoendeksel’ (9:5) despite thematic overlap, to avoid conflating the literal ark-cover object with this throne-room metaphor.
Tempted
Approved rendering: verzocht / verzoeking
Transliteration: verzocht
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: πειράζω
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 2:18; 4:15. Non-doctrinal practical caution: near-homophone/near-homograph confusion in Dutch with ‘verzoening’ (atonement/propitiation) - flag every occurrence of either term for a dedicated proofreading pass distinct from doctrinal review.
Faithful
Approved rendering: trouw
Transliteration: trouw
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
New term. Occurs at 3:2,5-6; 10:23; 11:11. Must be kept distinct from ‘gelovig’ (believing, baseline ‘geloof’ root) despite the shared pist- root in Greek, since no such shared root exists in Dutch.
Learned Obedience
Approved rendering: leerde gehoorzaamheid
Transliteration: leerde gehoorzaamheid
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: ἔμαθεν ὑπακοήν
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 5:8. Distinguish from the baseline’s ‘gehoorzaamheid van het geloof’ (believers’ obedience of faith) - here the subject is Christ’s own experiential learning, not implying prior disobedience.
Guarantor Surety
Approved rendering: Borg
Transliteration: Borg
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
Original: ἔγγυος
Category: Covenant
New term (capitalized as a devotional title). Occurs at 7:22. Established Dutch Reformed devotional title (‘Christus, onze Borg’) - theologically resonant but denominationally coded; Catholic and secular readers may not recognize the term without a gloss. Must remain distinguishable from ‘Middelaar’.
Holy Innocent Unstained
Approved rendering: heilig, onschuldig, onbesmet
Transliteration: heilig, onschuldig, onbesmet
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
New term. Occurs at 7:26. Threefold description of Christ’s moral qualification as the perfect high priest.
More Excellent Ministry
Approved rendering: voortreffelijkere bediening
Transliteration: voortreffelijkere bediening
Doctrine: The New Covenant versus the Old
New term. Occurs at 8:6. Part of the ‘beter/voortreffelijker’ comparative theme-family; Christ’s heavenly priestly service is superior to the earthly Levitical liturgy.
Symbolic Parable
Approved rendering: beeld / gelijkenis
Transliteration: beeld
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: παραβολή
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 9:9. ‘Gelijkenis’ is strongly associated in Dutch with Jesus’ Gospel parables; must clarify this is typological symbolism, not narrative parable genre.
Regulations For The Body
Approved rendering: verordeningen voor het lichaam
Transliteration: verordeningen voor het lichaam
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: δικαιώματα σαρκός
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 9:10. Shares the dik- root with ‘gerechtigheid’/‘rechtvaardiging’; reviewers should confirm no unintended semantic bleed into the forensic-righteousness category.
Shedding Of Blood
Approved rendering: het vergieten van bloed
Transliteration: het vergieten van bloed
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἱματεκχυσία
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:22. Rare Greek compound (haimatekchysia) underlining that blood-outpouring is the non-negotiable precondition of forgiveness; the word’s rarity cannot be reproduced in Dutch, but the sense transfers cleanly.
Dead Works
Approved rendering: dode werken
Transliteration: dode werken
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: νεκρὰ ἔργα
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 6:1; 9:14. Should be read alongside the baseline’s ‘grace ≠ merit’ preservation rule, reinforcing rather than contradicting it.
New And Living Way
Approved rendering: een nieuwe en levende weg
Transliteration: een nieuwe en levende weg
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ὁδὸς πρόσφατος καὶ ζῶσα
Category: Salvation
New term. Occurs at 10:20. Central image for this doctrine; must retain ‘levende’ (living), not merely ‘nieuwe’ (new).
Shrink Back
Approved rendering: terugdeinzen
Transliteration: terugdeinzen
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὑποστολή
Category: Apostasy
New term. Occurs at 10:38-39. Structural transition term into chapter 11’s faith exposition; keep vocabulary-family consistent with the perseverance terms.
Unshakeable Kingdom
Approved rendering: onwankelbaar Koninkrijk
Transliteration: onwankelbaar Koninkrijk
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: βασιλεία ἀσάλευτος
Category: Eschatology
New term (modified form of baseline ‘Koninkrijk van God’). Occurs at 12:28. The qualifier ‘onwankelbaar’ must be retained to preserve the contrast with the preceding shaking-imagery (12:26-27), or the chapter’s climax is lost.
End Of The Ages
Approved rendering: de voleinding der eeuwen
Transliteration: de voleinding der eeuwen
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: συντέλεια τῶν αἰώνων
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at 9:26. Must retain eschatological weight, not read as merely ‘at the end of time’ in a vague sense.
Judgment
Approved rendering: oordeel
Transliteration: oordeel
Doctrine: The Danger of Apostasy and Warning Passages
Original: κρίσις
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at 9:27; 10:27. Stable term; its pairing with the fearful-expectation warning of 10:27 requires pastoral-tonal balance alongside doctrinal severity.
Second Coming
Approved rendering: een tweede keer
Transliteration: een tweede keer
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἐκ δευτέρου
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at 9:28. Should be recognizable as Parousia/second-coming language, not a vague repetition; consistency with 9:28’s overall rendering required.
Better Comparative
Approved rendering: beter
Transliteration: beter
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Rejected alternatives: voortreffelijker, superieur, meer waard (stylistic variants rejected - consistency required)
Original: κρείττων
Category: Christology
New term, Hebrews’ single most frequent evaluative keyword (kreittōn), recurring ~13 times (1:4; 6:9; 7:7,19,22; 8:6; 9:23; 10:34; 11:16,35,40; 12:24). Must be rendered ‘beter’ consistently at every occurrence or the book’s cumulative comparative rhetorical structure is lost.
Sacrifice Of Praise
Approved rendering: lofoffer
Transliteration: lofoffer
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: θυσία αἰνέσεως
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 13:15. Must not be read as contributing to atonement - this is responsive worship only, dependent on Christ’s completed sacrifice, given the atonement-sufficiency concerns flagged throughout the book.
Outside The Camp
Approved rendering: buiten de legerplaats / buiten de poort
Transliteration: buiten de legerplaats
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἔξω τῆς παρεμβολῆς
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 13:11-13. Typological connection to Leviticus 16 should remain recoverable, tying back to the sacrificial vocabulary of chs. 9-10.
Great Shepherd
Approved rendering: de grote Herder der schapen
Transliteration: de grote Herder
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: ποιμὴν τῶν προβάτων ὁ μέγας
Category: Christology
New term. Closing benediction title (13:20), linked to ‘het bloed van het eeuwig verbond’. Final reuse of covenant vocabulary; must match all prior ‘verbond’/‘eeuwig’ renderings exactly.
Low Risk Terms
Gospel
Approved rendering: evangelie
Transliteration: evangelie
Doctrine: Gospel
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 4:2, 4:6 (the wilderness generation’s failure to unite gospel-proclamation with faith).
Prophet Prophecy
Approved rendering: profeet / profetie
Transliteration: profeet / profetie
Doctrine: Inspiration and Fulfillment of Scripture
Original: προφήτης / προφητεία
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 1:1, opening the book’s claim that God’s progressive speech through the prophets climaxes in the Son.
David
Approved rendering: David
Transliteration: David
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: Δαυίδ
Category: Covenant
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 4:7; 11:32.
Exhort
Approved rendering: vermanen / aansporen
Transliteration: vermanen / aansporen
Doctrine: Mutual Exhortation and Edification
Original: παρακαλέω
Category: Ethics
Inherited from Romans package. Applies the baseline’s admonish (‘vermanen’, Hebrews 3:13) versus build-up (‘aansporen’, Hebrews 10:24-25; 13:1) distinction directly to these two Hebrews passages.
Peace
Approved rendering: vrede
Transliteration: vrede
Doctrine: Peace with God
Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at Hebrews 7:2 (Melchizedek etymology, ‘king of peace’), 12:11, 12:14, and the closing benediction 13:20 (‘de God van de vrede’).
Veil Curtain
Approved rendering: voorhangsel
Transliteration: voorhangsel
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταπέτασμα
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 6:19; 9:3; 10:20 (typologically Christ’s flesh). Stable, established Dutch Bible term.
Blood
Approved rendering: bloed
Transliteration: bloed
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἷμα
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs throughout chs. 9-10, 12:24, 13:12,20. Stable across all Dutch traditions.
Sprinkling
Approved rendering: besprenkeling
Transliteration: besprenkeling
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ῥαντισμός / ῥαντίζω
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:13,19,21; 12:24. Stable, established ritual term.
Shadow
Approved rendering: schaduw
Transliteration: schaduw
Doctrine: Typology of the Tabernacle
Original: σκιά
Category: Typology
New term. Occurs at 8:5; 10:1. Stable term; part of the typological-vocabulary cluster requiring fencing from ‘afbeelding’, ‘tegenbeeld’, and ‘waarachtig’.
Conscience
Approved rendering: geweten
Transliteration: geweten
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: συνείδησις
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:9,14; 10:2,22; 13:18. Stable, precise in Dutch; what Levitical rites could never reach but Christ’s sacrifice cleanses.
Angels
Approved rendering: engelen
Transliteration: engelen
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Angels
Original: ἄγγελος
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs throughout chs. 1-2, and at 12:22; 13:2. Stable; no competing deity/angel-veneration culture in Dutch Protestantism to create collision risk, unlike Orthodox or Catholic contexts elsewhere.
Melchizedek
Approved rendering: Melchizedek
Transliteration: Melchizedek
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: Μελχισέδεκ
Category: Priesthood
New term (proper name). Occurs at 5:6,10; 6:20; 7:1-17. Stable across all Dutch traditions; etymology (‘king of righteousness’, ‘king of peace’) is teaching-note material only.
Sojourners And Exiles
Approved rendering: vreemdelingen en bijwoners
Transliteration: vreemdelingen en bijwoners
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
New term. Occurs at 11:13. Stable, classic Statenvertaling/HSV phrase.
Sympathize
Approved rendering: medelijden hebben met
Transliteration: medelijden hebben met
Doctrine: Incarnation and Humanity of Christ
Original: συμπαθέω
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 4:15. Christ’s genuine solidarity with human weakness and temptation, not mere formal advocacy.
Milk Solid Food
Approved rendering: melk / vast voedsel
Transliteration: melk / vast voedsel
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Original: γάλα / βρῶμα στερεόν
Category: Faith
New term. Occurs at 5:12-14. Stable metaphor for spiritual immaturity versus maturity.
Oath
Approved rendering: eed
Transliteration: eed
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ὅρκος
Category: Covenant
New term. Occurs at 6:16-17; 7:20-21. God’s self-sworn oath to Abraham, guaranteeing his promise with double certainty.
Anchor Of The Soul
Approved rendering: anker voor de ziel
Transliteration: anker voor de ziel
Doctrine: Perseverance and Assurance
Original: ἄγκυρα τῆς ψυχῆς
Category: Perseverance
New term. Occurs at 6:19. The nautical metaphor transfers naturally into Dutch, a historically maritime culture.
Forerunner
Approved rendering: voorloper
Transliteration: voorloper
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
Original: πρόδρομος
Category: Christology
New term. Occurs at 6:20. Christ has entered the heavenly sanctuary ahead of believers, guaranteeing their own future entrance.
Unintentional Sins
Approved rendering: onopzettelijke zonden
Transliteration: onopzettelijke zonden
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: ἀγνοήματα
Category: Atonement
New term. Occurs at 9:7. The limited scope of the Day of Atonement ritual, unlike Christ’s unlimited-scope sacrifice.
Root Of Bitterness
Approved rendering: wortel van bitterheid
Transliteration: wortel van bitterheid
Doctrine: Divine Discipline
Original: ῥίζα πικρίας
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at 12:15. Stable, established idiom warning against a corrupting attitude spreading through the community.
Consuming Fire
Approved rendering: een verterend vuur
Transliteration: een verterend vuur
Doctrine: The Unshakeable Kingdom
Original: πῦρ καταναλίσκον
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at 12:29. Closing warning image of God’s holiness, echoing Deuteronomy.
Eternal
Approved rendering: eeuwig
Transliteration: eeuwig
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: αἰώνιος
Category: Eschatology
New term, not present in the Romans baseline TM though used widely in Hebrews (redemption, inheritance, covenant, Spirit, salvation). Stable; must be rendered consistently across every compound it qualifies.
Foundation Of The World
Approved rendering: de grondlegging van de wereld
Transliteration: de grondlegging van de wereld
Doctrine: The Once-for-All Atoning Sacrifice
Original: καταβολὴ κόσμου
Category: Eschatology
New term. Occurs at 9:26. Stable, transparent phrase used counterfactually to underscore the sufficiency of Christ’s single sacrifice.
Equip Make Complete
Approved rendering: toerusten
Transliteration: toerusten
Doctrine: Access to God through Christ’s Blood
Original: καταρτίζω
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at 13:21. Should be distinguished in Dutch from ‘volmaken’ (teleioō family) even though semantically adjacent, since this term has a more practical, equipping sense.
Brotherly Love
Approved rendering: broederlijke liefde
Transliteration: broederlijke liefde
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Ethics
Original: φιλαδελφία
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at 13:1. Consistent with the warm relational register already flagged for similar passages in the baseline AI instructions.
Hospitality
Approved rendering: gastvrijheid
Transliteration: gastvrijheid
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Ethics
Original: φιλοξενία
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at 13:2. Practical outworking of brotherly love toward strangers.
Love Of Money
Approved rendering: geldzucht
Transliteration: geldzucht
Doctrine: Hospitality and Christian Ethics
Original: φιλαργυρία
Category: Ethics
New term. Occurs at 13:5. Warning against materialism, paired with contentment.
Mozes
Approved rendering: Mozes
Transliteration: Mozes
Doctrine: The Superiority of Christ over Moses
New term (proper name), gap-filled per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md. Occurs at 3:1-6; 11:23-28; 12:21. Standard Dutch Bible form; central to chs. 3 and 11 but not previously logged.
Salem
Approved rendering: Salem
Transliteration: Salem
Doctrine: Christ as the Great High Priest
New term (proper name). Occurs at 7:1-2 (Melchizedek, king of Salem). Standard Dutch Bible form.
Zion Jerusalem
Approved rendering: Sion / Jeruzalem
Transliteration: Sion / Jeruzalem
Doctrine: Church as God’s People
New term (proper names). Occur together at 12:22 (‘Berg Sion… het hemelse Jeruzalem’). Standard, stable Dutch Bible forms.
Ot Saints Names Batch
Approved rendering: Abel, Henoch, Noach, Abraham, Sara, Isaak, Jakob, Jozef, Rachab, Gideon, Simson, Samuël, Egypte (en overige namen in Hebreeën 11)
Transliteration: Abel, Henoch, Noach, Abraham, Sara, Isaak, Jakob, Jozef, Rachab, Gideon, Simson, Samuël, Egypte
Doctrine: Faith of the Old Testament Saints
Batch entry for the ~18-20 Old Testament proper names in Hebrews 11’s roll call of faith, gap-filled per 06_linguistic_gap_analysis.md §A.6. Use standard Dutch Bible (HSV/NBV) proper-name forms uniformly; individually Low risk, no independent doctrinal analysis required per name, though low OT-narrative literacy among secular and religious readers alike means supporting teaching notes are recommended for the chapter as a whole.
Referenced passages