Core Glossary

08 — Core Glossary: 1 Peter

This glossary lists every load-bearing theological term identified in 07_semantic_analysis.md, organized in canonical order of first appearance (1 Peter 1 → 5). Each entry records the Greek original, transliteration, recommended Malay rendering, risk tier, doctrine affiliation, chapter references, and a grounded rationale.

Legend — Status column:

REUSE = term already fixed in the baseline Romans translation_memory.json; rendering enforced exactly, no deviation permitted.
NEW = term newly identified for the 1 Peter curriculum; proposed rendering requires theologian/native-speaker sign-off before entering translation memory, per risk tier.

#	English Term	Greek Original	Transliteration	Malay Rendering	Risk	Status	Doctrine(s)	Chapter Refs	Rationale
1	God	θεός	theos	Allah	Critical	REUSE	(all)	1:2,3,5,21; 2:4,20; 3:4,18,20; 4:2,6,10,11,14,16,17,19; 5:2,5,6,10,12	Baseline Critical term; legally/politically sensitive in Malaysia.
2	Father	πατήρ	patēr	Bapa	Critical	REUSE	Living Hope; Holiness	1:2,3,17	Baseline Critical term; relational, not literal-offspring, sense.
3	Lord	κύριος	kyrios	Tuhan	Critical	REUSE	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Christlike Endurance	1:3,25; 2:3,13; 3:6,12,15,22	Baseline Critical term; exclusive supreme Lordship, never “tuan.”
4	Jesus	Ἰησοῦς	Iēsous	Yesus	Critical	REUSE	(all)	1:1,2,3,7,13; etc.	Baseline Critical term; never Isa.
5	Christ	Χριστός	Christos	Kristus	Critical	REUSE	(all)	1:1,2,3,7,11,13,19; 2:5,21; 3:15,16,18,21; 4:1,11,13,14; 5:1,10,14	Baseline Critical term; never Al-Masih.
6	Holy Spirit / Spirit of Christ	πνεῦμα ἅγιον / Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ	pneuma hagion / Pneuma Christou	Roh Kudus / Roh Kristus	Critical	REUSE + NEW extension	Living Hope; Holiness	1:2,11,12; 4:14	Baseline Critical Holy Spirit entry; “Spirit of Christ” (1:11) extends it with a pre-existence claim requiring explicit teaching — never conflated with roh halus or Jibril.
7	Resurrection	ἀνάστασις	anastasis	Kebangkitan	Critical	REUSE	Living Hope of the Resurrection	1:3; 3:21	Baseline Critical term; presupposes real, historical death — directly countering Qur’an 4:157.
8	Faith	πίστις	pistis	Iman	High	REUSE	Living Hope; Christlike Endurance	1:5,7,9,21; 5:9	Baseline High term; object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit.
9	Salvation	σωτηρία	sōtēria	Keselamatan	Critical	REUSE	Living Hope	1:5,9,10; 3:21	Baseline Critical term; present reality, not deferred Judgment-Day hope.
10	Grace	χάρις	charis	Kasih kurnia	High	REUSE	(all)	1:2,10,13; 3:7; 4:10; 5:5,10,12	Baseline High term; distinct from rahmat. Note: 2:19,20 use χάρις in a non-soteriological “commendable thing” sense — flagged separately below (#42).
11	Sin	ἁμαρτία	hamartia	Dosa	High	REUSE	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	2:22,24; 3:18; 4:1,8	Baseline High term.
12	Righteousness	δικαιοσύνη	dikaiosynē	Kebenaran	Critical	REUSE	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	2:24; 3:14,18	Baseline Critical term; forensic/moral standing, not mere “correctness.”
13	Glory	δόξα	doxa	Kemuliaan	High	REUSE	Living Hope; Christ’s Proclamation	1:7,8,11,21,24; 4:11,13,14; 5:1,4,10	Baseline High term; never nur.
14	Gospel	εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω	euangelion	Injil	High	REUSE	Living Hope; Proclamation to Spirits	1:12,25; 4:6,17	Baseline High term.
15	Apostle	ἀπόστολος	apostolos	Rasul	High	REUSE	(author identity)	1:1	Baseline High term.
16	Elect / Election	ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτόν	eklektos	Orang pilihan / Pilihan Allah	High	REUSE	Living Hope	1:1; 2:6,9	Baseline High election entry; never takdir.
17	Foreknowledge	πρόγνωσις / προγινώσκω	prognōsis / proginōskō	Pengetahuan Allah yang terlebih dahulu	High	NEW	Living Hope; Providence	1:2,20	Personal, relational foreknowing; must avoid takdir-style fatalism (cf. baseline Providence entry).
18	Sanctification (of the Spirit)	ἁγιασμός	hagiasmos	Pengudusan	High	REUSE	Holiness in Conduct	1:2	Baseline High term.
19	Sprinkling of blood	ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος	rhantismos haimatos	Percikan darah	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	1:2	Covenant/atonement imagery; must be distinguished from Hari Raya Qurban’s commemorative, non-atoning sacrifice framework.
20	Peace	εἰρήνη	eirēnē	Damai sejahtera	Medium	REUSE	(greeting)	1:2; 5:14	Baseline Medium term.
21	Mercy	ἔλεος	eleos	Belas kasihan	High	NEW	Living Hope	1:3; 2:10	Distinct from rahmat (Islamic divine attribute within deeds-framework) and from kasih kurnia (grace); denotes compassionate initiative causing new birth.
22	Born again / Regeneration	ἀναγεννάω	anagennaō	Dilahirkan semula	Critical	NEW	Living Hope of the Resurrection	1:3,23	Direct collision with Islamic fitrah anthropology (humans born spiritually pure, no rebirth needed); must be taught as supernatural re-creation tied to Christ’s resurrection.
23	Living hope	ἐλπὶς ζῶσα	elpis zōsa	Pengharapan yang hidup	High	NEW	Living Hope of the Resurrection	1:3	Curriculum’s title doctrine; present-tense certainty vs. Islamic deferred-hope framework.
24	Inheritance	κληρονομία	klēronomia	Warisan	High	NEW	Living Hope	1:4; 3:7	Collides with Malaysian Islamic hukum faraid (fixed-share inheritance law); must be taught as heavenly, imperishable, grace-secured.
25	Imperishable / Undefiled / Unfading	ἄφθαρτος / ἀμίαντος / ἀμάραντος	aphthartos / amiantos / amarantos	Tidak binasa / tidak bernoda / tidak layu	Medium	NEW	Living Hope; Elders and Humility (5:4 crown)	1:4,23; 3:4; 5:4	Descriptive triad; keep distinct from ritual-purity (suci) register.
26	Guarded (by God’s power)	φρουρέω	phroureō	Dikawal (oleh kuasa Allah)	Medium	NEW	Living Hope	1:5	Must not read as occult protective power (kuasa ghaib); reuses clean Kuasa Allah category.
27	Power of God	δύναμις θεοῦ	dynamis theou	Kuasa Allah	High	REUSE	Living Hope	1:5	Baseline High term.
28	Trial / Testing	πειρασμός	peirasmos	Pencubaan	Medium-High	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	1:6; 4:12	Same Malay word also means “temptation”; must disambiguate as external hardship, not enticement to sin.
29	Tested genuineness (of faith)	δοκίμιον	dokimion	Iman yang teruji	Medium	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	1:7	Refined, proven quality of faith, like tested gold — not the hardship alone.
30	Revelation / Revealed	ἀποκάλυψις / ἀποκαλύπτω	apokalypsis / apokalyptō	Penyataan / dinyatakan	High	NEW	Living Hope; Christ’s Proclamation	1:5,7,12,13; 4:13; 5:1	Must never use wahyu (Islamic prophetic-revelation term); use native root nyata.
31	Joy inexpressible and glorified	χαρὰ ἀνεκλάλητος καὶ δεδοξασμένη	chara aneklalētos kai dedoxasmenē	Sukacita yang tidak terkata dan penuh kemuliaan	Medium	NEW	Living Hope	1:8	Shares doxa/Kemuliaan root; more than ordinary happiness.
32	Outcome/goal of faith	τέλος τῆς πίστεως	telos tēs pisteōs	Kesudahan iman / hasil akhir iman	Medium	NEW	Living Hope	1:9	Faith’s intended fulfillment, not merely its temporal end.
33	Salvation of souls	σωτηρία ψυχῶν	sōtēria psychōn	Keselamatan jiwa	Medium	NEW	Living Hope	1:9	Whole-person salvation; guard against soul-body dualism eclipsing bodily-resurrection hope.
34	Prophet	προφήτης	prophētēs	Nabi	High	REUSE	(background)	1:10	Baseline High term; distinguish OT prophetic role from Christ’s own identity.
35	Sufferings of Christ and glories to follow	παθήματα … δόξαι	pathēmata … doxai	Penderitaan Kristus… kemuliaan yang menyusul	High	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	1:11	Structural pattern underlying the whole epistle.
36	Sojourners / Exiles	παρεπίδημοι / παροικία	parepidēmoi / paroikia	Perantau / perantauan	High	NEW	Christian Identity; Suffering	1:1,17; 2:11	Avoid pendatang (politically loaded, bumiputera-contrast term in Malaysian discourse); prefer perantau.
37	Obedience	ὑπακοή	hypakoē	Ketaatan	High	REUSE-adjacent (cf. Obedience of Faith, baseline)	Holiness in Conduct	1:2,14,22; 4:17	Fruit of grace, not merit-earning religious duty (taat).
38	Holy	ἅγιος	hagios	Kudus	High	REUSE	Holiness in Conduct; Priesthood	1:15,16; 2:5,9	Baseline High term.
39	Conduct / Way of life	ἀναστροφή	anastrophē	Cara hidup / kelakuan	High	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1,2,16	Structural term across whole epistle; moral-relational (Kudus), not ritual-only (suci).
40	Redeemed	λυτρόω	lytroō	Ditebus	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	1:18	Ransom/price-paid atonement vocabulary; must not soften to “released/helped.”
41	Precious blood / Lamb without blemish	τίμιον αἷμα / ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος	timion haima / amnos amōmos kai aspilos	Darah yang mahal / anak domba yang tidak bercacat cela	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	1:19	Must be distinguished from Hari Raya Qurban imagery; connects to Passover/Isaiah 53 vicarious sacrifice, no Islamic parallel.
42	Foreknown before foundation of world	προεγνωσμένος πρὸ καταβολῆς κόσμου	proegnōsmenos pro katabolēs kosmou	Telah ditentukan/diketahui sebelum dunia dijadikan	High	NEW	Living Hope; Providence	1:20	Personal, purposive eternal plan; avoid takdir fatalism.
43	Living and abiding word of God	λόγος ζῶν καὶ μένων θεοῦ	logos zōn kai menōn theou	Firman Allah yang hidup dan kekal	Critical	NEW	Living Hope; Inspiration of Scripture (baseline)	1:23,25	Intersects baseline’s Critical Inspiration of Scripture entry re: tahrif claims; route to human theologian review.
44	Living stone / Cornerstone	λίθος ζῶν / ἀκρογωνιαῖος	lithos zōn / akrogōniaios	Batu yang hidup / batu penjuru	Medium-High	NEW	Church as Priesthood	2:4,6-8	Metaphor for Christ; note distant echo-risk with venerated-stone/keramat folk devotion.
45	Spiritual house	οἶκος πνευματικός	oikos pneumatikos	Rumah rohani	Medium	NEW	Church as Priesthood	2:5	Corporate people, not a literal building.
46	Holy priesthood / Royal priesthood	ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα	hierateuma hagion / basileion hierateuma	Keimamatan yang kudus / keimamatan diraja	Critical	NEW	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	2:5,9	Core curriculum doctrine; imam root is a major Islamic clerical-office/Imamate term — must be explicitly taught as universal, non-hierarchical NT priesthood in Christ, never as an Islamic clerical parallel. Mandatory theologian review every occurrence.
47	Chosen race / Holy nation / People for possession	γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν	genos eklekton / ethnos hagion / laos eis peripoiēsin	Bangsa yang terpilih / bangsa yang kudus / umat kepunyaan Allah	High	NEW	Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood	2:9	Umat echoes Islamic ummah; clarify church as faith-constituted, not ethnic/political community.
48	Marvelous light	θαυμαστὸν φῶς	thaumaston phōs	Cahaya yang ajaib	Medium	NEW	Holiness; Church as Priesthood	2:9	Use cahaya, never nur (Sufi Nur Muhammad association, per baseline Glory entry).
49	Fleshly lusts	σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι	sarkikai epithymiai	Hawa nafsu duniawi	Medium	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	2:11	Resonates with Islamic nafs anthropology; avoid over-identifying with the specific tripartite nafs doctrine.
50	Submission to human institutions / civil authority	ὑποτάσσω	hypotassō	Tunduk	Critical	NEW	Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance	2:13,18; 3:1,5,22; 5:5	Core curriculum doctrine; intersects Malaysia’s Islamic-state governance, Sultan/Agong religious headship, and ulil amri obedience theology. Mandatory theologian review; must be taught as freely chosen, gospel-shaped, not political-religious allegiance-claim.
51	Free / Freedom	ἐλεύθερος / ἐλευθερία	eleutheros / eleutheria	Bebas / kebebasan	Medium	NEW	Submission to Authority	2:16	Spiritual-ethical freedom from sin, not a claim about civil religious-freedom law (Article 11 sensitivities).
52	Servant of God (bondservant)	δοῦλος θεοῦ	doulos theou	Hamba Allah	Medium	NEW	Submission to Authority	2:16	Genuine bridge with Islamic self-descriptor hamba Allah, but distinct: bondservant freed from sin specifically through the cross.
53	Servants / Masters (household)	οἰκέτης / δεσπότης	oiketēs / despotēs	Hamba (rumah tangga) / tuan	Medium	NEW	Submission; Christlike Endurance	2:18	Tuan = human master; must never be confused with Tuhan (baseline Critical Lord entry).
54	Example / Footsteps	ὑπογραμμός / ἴχνη	hypogrammos / ichnē	Teladan / jejak langkah	Low-Medium	NEW	Christlike Endurance	2:21	Christ’s suffering as a pattern to trace/imitate.
55	Bore our sins in his body on the tree	ἀναφέρω … ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον	anapherō … epi to xylon	Menanggung dosa … di kayu salib	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	2:24	Core curriculum doctrine; direct collision with Qur’an 4:157’s denial of crucifixion. Mandatory theologian review.
56	Healed by his wounds	μώλωψ / ἰάομαι	mōlōps / iaomai	Sembuh oleh bilur-Nya	High	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	2:24	Guard against prosperity-gospel over-literalization; primary sense is healing from sin.
57	Shepherd and Overseer of souls	ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος	poimēn kai episkopos	Gembala dan Penyelia jiwa	Medium-High	NEW	Christlike Endurance; Elders (5:1-2)	2:25; 5:1-2	Root consistency required with ch. 5’s elder-oversight language.
58	Wives’ submission to husbands	γυναῖκες ὑποτασσόμεναι	gynaikes hypotassomenai	Isteri-isteri, tunduklah	Critical	NEW	Submission to Authority and Christlike Endurance	3:1	Intersects Malaysian Syariah family-law spousal frameworks; teach as voluntary, gospel-shaped, mutual (cf. 3:7). Mandatory theologian review.
59	Hidden person of the heart / Gentle and quiet spirit	κρυπτὸς τῆς καρδίας ἄνθρωπος / πραῢ καὶ ἡσύχιον πνεῦμα	kryptos … anthrōpos / praü kai hēsychion pneuma	Peribadi batin hati / roh yang lemah lembut dan tenang	Medium	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	3:4	Inner Christlike strength, not passivity/doormat submission.
60	Weaker vessel	ἀσθενέστερον σκεῦος	asthenesteron skeuos	Bekas yang lebih lemah	Medium	NEW	Submission to Authority	3:7	Calls husbands to honor and equal co-heirship, not domination.
61	Fellow-heirs of the grace of life	συγκληρονόμοι χάριτος ζωῆς	synklēronomoi charitos zōēs	Waris bersama kasih kurnia hidup	Medium	NEW	Living Hope; Submission	3:7	Combines Kasih kurnia (High) + inheritance (High) cautions.
62	Suffer for righteousness’ sake	πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην	paschein dia dikaiosynēn	Menderita kerana kebenaran	High	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	3:14	Curriculum title doctrine; preserve Kebenaran’s forensic/moral weight.
63	Sanctify Christ as Lord	ἁγιάσατε τὸν Κύριον	hagiasate ton Kyrion	Kuduskanlah Kristus sebagai Tuhan	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering; Christlike Endurance	3:15	Fuses Kudus + Tuhan Critical terms in a direct command re: Christ; never soften.
64	Defense / Reason for hope	ἀπολογία	apologia	Jawapan/pembelaan tentang pengharapan	High	NEW	Living Hope	3:15	Apologetics term; intersects baseline’s Evangelism (High) legal-safety routing.
65	Good conscience	συνείδησις ἀγαθή	syneidēsis agathē	Hati nurani yang baik	Low-Medium	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	3:16,21	Religiously neutral Malay term; low collision risk.
66	Suffered once for sins, righteous for unrighteous	ἅπαξ … δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων	hapax … dikaios hyper adikōn	Menderita sekali sahaja kerana dosa, orang benar bagi orang tidak benar	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering	3:18	Sharpest collision point with Islamic no-vicarious-atonement principle (Qur’an 6:164 etc.). Mandatory theologian review, every occurrence.
67	Put to death in flesh, made alive in spirit	θανατωθεὶς σαρκί, ζῳοποιηθεὶς πνεύματι	thanatōtheis sarki, zōopoiētheis pneumati	Dimatikan dalam daging, dihidupkan dalam roh	Critical	NEW	Living Hope of the Resurrection	3:18	Presupposes real death; countering Qur’an 4:157.
68	Proclaimed to spirits in prison	ἐκήρυξεν πνεύμασιν ἐν φυλακῇ	ekēryxen pneumasin en phylakē	Berkhutbah kepada roh-roh di dalam penjara	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	3:19-20	Core curriculum doctrine; layered risk with folk-animist roh-belief, Islamic barzakh, and must be distinguished from syafaat (baseline Critical Intercession entry). Mandatory theologian review, translator notes recording interpretive option chosen.
69	Days of Noah / Ark	ἡμέραι Νῶε / κιβωτός	hēmerai Nōe / kibōtos	Zaman Nabi Nuh / bahtera	Medium	NEW	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	3:20	Genuine Qur’anic-Noah bridge, but baptismal typology is distinctively Christian, not shared common ground.
70	Baptism now saves — appeal for good conscience	βάπτισμα … ἐπερώτημα συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς	baptisma … eperōtēma syneidēseōs agathēs	Baptisan … rayuan kepada Allah untuk hati nurani yang baik	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits; Living Hope	3:21	Risk of baptismal-regeneration or wudu’-style ritual-purity misreading; must clarify Christ’s resurrection, not the water, saves.
71	Angels, authorities, powers subjected to him	ἄγγελοι, ἐξουσίαι, δυνάμεις ὑποταγέντες	angeloi, exousiai, dynameis hypotagentes	Malaikat, penguasa-penguasa, kuasa-kuasa tunduk kepada-Nya	High	NEW	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	3:22	Reinforces Christ’s supremacy over every spiritual power/hierarchy.
72	Arm yourselves with the same mindset	ὁπλίζομαι τὴν αὐτὴν ἔννοιαν	hoplizomai tēn autēn ennoian	Perlengkapilah dirimu dengan fikiran yang sama	Low-Medium	NEW	Christlike Endurance	4:1	Military metaphor; adopting Christ’s own attitude to suffering.
73	Ceased from sin	πέπαυται ἁμαρτίας	pepautai hamartias	Telah berhenti berbuat dosa	Medium	NEW	Christlike Endurance; Holiness	4:1	Not sinless perfectionism; sin’s dominion broken through union with Christ’s death.
74	Will of the Gentiles (pagan vice)	βούλημα τῶν ἐθνῶν	boulēma tōn ethnōn	Kehendak orang bukan Yahudi/kafir	Medium	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	4:3	Same Greek word as baseline Gentiles entry but different (moral, not ethnic) referent — disambiguate in teaching notes.
75	Gospel preached to the dead	νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη	nekrois euēngelisthē	Injil telah diberitakan kepada orang yang telah mati	Critical	NEW	Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits	4:6	Linked to 3:19’s interpretive risks; mandatory theologian review.
76	Love covers a multitude of sins	ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν	agapē kalyptei plēthos hamartiōn	Kasih menudungi banyak dosa	Medium	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	4:8	Relational forbearance, not a competing atonement mechanism to Christ’s own (2:24, 3:18).
77	Spiritual gift(s) / God’s varied grace	χάρισμα / ποικίλη χάρις θεοῦ	charisma / poikilē charis theou	Karunia (rohani) / kasih kurnia Allah yang pelbagai	Medium	REUSE	(Church life)	4:10	Baseline Medium Spiritual Gifts entry + High Grace entry.
78	Oracles of God	λόγια θεοῦ	logia theou	Firman-firman Allah	Medium	NEW	Inspiration of Scripture (baseline)	4:11	Clarify as Spirit-enabled speech consistent with Scripture, not new revelation equal to it.
79	Fiery trial	πύρωσις	pyrōsis	Ujian yang bagaikan api	Medium	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	4:12	Consistent with 1:6-7 refining-fire imagery.
80	Sharing Christ’s sufferings	κοινωνέω τοῖς παθήμασιν	koinōneō tois pathēmasin	Turut ambil bahagian dalam penderitaan Kristus	High	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	4:13	Distinct, weightier sense than ordinary Persekutuan/fellowship (baseline Low); must not imply addition to Christ’s finished atonement.
81	Spirit of glory and of God rests on you	τὸ τῆς δόξης καὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ πνεῦμα	to tēs doxēs kai to tou theou pneuma	Roh kemuliaan, iaitu Roh Allah, tinggal padamu	High	NEW-extension	Suffering; Holy Spirit (baseline)	4:14	Reinforces Holy Spirit’s full deity; guard against folk-animist “spirit” reading.
82	As a Christian	ὡς Χριστιανός	hōs Christianos	Sebagai orang Kristian	Medium	NEW	Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake	4:16	Costly public identity-claim; resonant with Malaysian conversion-law realities.
83	Judgment begins at the household of God	κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ	krima apo tou oikou tou theou	Penghakiman bermula daripada keluarga Allah	Medium	NEW	Holiness in Conduct	4:17	Disambiguate “house” as covenant family, not a literal building.
84	Faithful Creator	πιστὸς κτίστης	pistos ktistēs	Pencipta yang setia	Medium	NEW	Providence (baseline)	4:19	Legitimate divine title here, distinct from baseline’s caution against Pencipta as a Father-substitute.
85	Elders	πρεσβύτεροι	presbyteroi	Penatua	High	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:1,5	Core curriculum doctrine; distinguish local-church office from Islamic ustaz/imam/mufti/murshid titles.
86	Shepherd the flock, exercising oversight	ποιμαίνω τὸ ποίμνιον, ἐπισκοπέω	poimainō to poimnion, episkopeō	Gembalakanlah kawanan domba Allah, sambil menyelia	Medium-High	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:2	Root-consistency with 2:25’s Shepherd-Overseer of Christ.
87	Not domineering, but examples	κατακυριεύω / τύποι γινόμενοι	katakyrieuō / typoi ginomenoi	Bukan berkuasa sewenang-wenangnya, tetapi menjadi teladan	High	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:3	Ironic negative use of kyrios-root for human leaders; only Christ holds true Lordship.
88	Chief Shepherd	ἀρχιποίμην	archipoimēn	Gembala Agung	Medium-High	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:4	Title for Christ alone; guard against confusion with any single human supreme religious-authority figure.
89	Unfading crown of glory	ἀμαράντινος στέφανος τῆς δόξης	amarantinos stephanos tēs doxēs	Mahkota kemuliaan yang tidak akan pudar	Low-Medium	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:4	Reuses ἀμάραντος (1:4) + Kemuliaan (baseline).
90	Younger, submit to elders	ὑποτάγητε πρεσβυτέροις	hypotagēte presbyterois	Tunduklah kepada penatua-penatua	High	NEW	Elders and Humility; Submission	5:5	Church-governance-specific submission; keep distinct from civil (2:13) and marital (3:1) submission contexts.
91	Clothe yourselves with humility	ἐγκομβώσασθε τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην	enkombōsasthe tēn tapeinophrosynēn	Kenakanlah kerendahan hati	High	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:5	Core curriculum doctrine; partial bridge with Malay merendah diri and Sufi fana’, but distinct Christ-grounded basis (Prov 3:34 citation, Christ’s own example).
92	Humble yourselves under God’s mighty hand, that he may exalt you	ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ	tapeinōthēte hypo tēn krataian cheira tou theou	Rendahkanlah dirimu di bawah tangan Allah yang kuat	Medium	NEW	Elders and Humility; Providence	5:6	Personal fatherly discipline, not fatalistic takdir.
93	Casting all your anxiety on him	πᾶσαν τὴν μέριμναν ἐπιρίψαντες	pasan tēn merimnan epiripsantes	Serahkanlah segala kebimbanganmu kepada-Nya	Low	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:7	Low ambiguity comfort passage.
94	Adversary the devil, roaring lion	ἀντίδικος διάβολος, λέων ὠρυόμενος	antidikos diabolos, leōn ōryomenos	Musuhmu, Iblis, seperti singa yang mengaum	High	NEW	Elders and Humility (context of steadfastness)	5:8	Iblis = shared Qur’anic proper name for Satan; teach fuller Christian narrative of Satan’s certain defeat through Christ, not assumed identical common ground.
95	Firm in the faith	στερεὸς τῇ πίστει	stereos tē pistei	Teguh dalam iman	Medium	REUSE-adjacent	Elders and Humility	5:9	Reuses Iman (baseline High); object-of-faith clarity applies.
96	God of all grace	ὁ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος	ho theos pasēs charitos	Allah, sumber segala kasih kurnia	Medium	NEW	Elders and Humility	5:10	Reuses Kasih kurnia (baseline High).
97	Restore, confirm, strengthen, establish	καταρτίζω, στηρίζω, σθενόω, θεμελιόω	katartizō, stērizō, sthenoō, themelioō	Menyempurnakan, meneguhkan, menguatkan, mengukuhkan	Low-Medium	NEW	Elders and Humility; Assurance (baseline echo)	5:10	Positive closing assurance; light cross-reference to baseline Assurance of Salvation theme.

Notes for Phase 2 Translation Memory Integration

All REUSE entries above must be enforced exactly as recorded in the baseline translation_memory.json; no deviation is permitted under any circumstances.
All NEW entries marked Critical or High require mandatory human theologian review and sign-off before being written into translation memory, per the baseline’s escalation rules.
Entries #19, #41, #55, #58, #63, #66-70 form a cluster of Critical substitutionary-atonement and proclamation-to-spirits terms unique to 1 Peter’s distinctive contribution to this curriculum; these should be reviewed together as a set given their shared collision points with Qur’anic crucifixion-denial (4:157) and no-vicarious-atonement (6:164) doctrines.
Entry #46 (Holy/Royal Priesthood) and entry #50 (Submission to civil/marital/church authority) are flagged as the two single highest-attention terms in this curriculum given their direct intersection with, respectively, Islamic clerical-office vocabulary (imam) and Malaysia’s operative Islamic legal-governance and family-law structures — both should receive dedicated translator briefing sessions before Phase 2 translation begins.
This glossary extends, and in no place contradicts, the baseline Romans translation_memory.json and bible_term_registry.json. Any future Romans-package update to the shared terms above (God, Lord, Jesus, Christ, Holy Spirit, Faith, Grace, Salvation, Righteousness, Sin, Glory, Gospel, Apostle, Election, Sanctification) must be mirrored here to preserve cross-curriculum consistency.

Critical Risk Terms

Righteousness

Approved rendering: Kebenaran
Transliteration: keh-beh-NAH-rahn
Doctrine: Salvation / Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Rejected alternatives: amal soleh (righteous deeds, as the ground itself)

Inherited from Romans package. Central to 1 Peter 2:24, 3:14, 3:18. Must retain forensic/moral weight; never collapse into ‘correctness.’ The cause of suffering in 3:14/3:17 must be genuinely righteous conduct specifically, not general minority-community hardship.

Salvation

Approved rendering: Keselamatan
Transliteration: keh-seh-lah-MAH-tahn
Doctrine: Salvation as a Present, Guarded Reality
Rejected alternatives: masuk syurga (entering paradise, as the whole content)
Original: σωτηρία
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. In 1 Peter 1:5, 1:9-10, 3:21, keselamatan is already prepared and actively guarded by Kuasa Allah, awaiting only unveiling — never an outcome deferred to Allah’s undisclosed Judgment-Day verdict.

Resurrection

Approved rendering: Kebangkitan
Transliteration: keh-bahng-KIT-ahn
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: diangkat naik ke syurga (being raised up to heaven, without dying)
Original: ἀνάστασις
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. The curriculum’s anchor doctrine (1:3; 3:21). Presupposes a real, historical death, directly countering Qur’an 4:157; reinforced by 3:18’s ‘put to death in the flesh but made alive in the spirit.‘

Lord

Approved rendering: Tuhan
Transliteration: TOO-hahn
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: tuan (master/sir, non-divine)
Original: κύριος
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1:3,25; 2:3,13; 3:6,12,15,22. 3:15’s ‘sanctify Christ as Lord’ fuses this with Kudus in a single unqualified command. Never confuse with tuan (2:18’s human household master).

Son Of God

Approved rendering: Anak Allah
Transliteration: AH-nahk ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Sonship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: kekasih Allah (God’s beloved one), wakil Allah (God’s representative)

Inherited from Romans package. No explicit ‘Son of God’ title occurs in 1 Peter’s Greek text, but Christ’s full, co-equal deity underlies 1:11’s pre-existent ‘Spirit of Christ’ and 4:14’s ‘Spirit of glory and of God’; teach consistently with the baseline entry wherever Christ’s deity is discussed.

Messiah

Approved rendering: Kristus
Transliteration: KRIS-toos
Doctrine: Messianic Promise
Rejected alternatives: Al-Masih (the Qur’anic title, deliberately avoided per established Alkitab convention)

Inherited from Romans package. Pervasive throughout 1 Peter (1:1,2,3,7,11,13,19; 2:5,21; 3:15,16,18,21; 4:1,11,13,14; 5:1,10,14).

Intercession

Approved rendering: Perantaraan
Transliteration: peh-rahn-tah-RAH-ahn
Doctrine: Prayer and Intercession
Rejected alternatives: syafaat (the mainstream Sunni doctrine of Muhammad’s Judgment-Day intercession)

Inherited from Romans package. Not directly narrated in 1 Peter as Romans 8:34 narrates Christ’s intercession, but essential as the CONTRAST TERM for teaching 3:19’s ‘proclamation to the spirits’ — that passage is Christ’s proclamation of triumph, never syafaat-style intercession for salvation.

Jesus

Approved rendering: Yesus
Transliteration: YEH-soos
Doctrine: Lordship of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Isa (the Qur’anic name, deliberately avoided)
Original: Ἰησοῦς
Category: Christology

Inherited from Romans package. Pervasive throughout 1 Peter; never Isa.

God

Approved rendering: Allah
Transliteration: ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: Tuhan (reserved for ‘Lord’ in this Language Package)
Original: θεός
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Legally and politically the single most sensitive term in Malaysia (see analysis/04_comparative_theology.md). Identified specifically as ‘God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ’ in 1:3, a Trinitarian relational claim, not a bare creator-title.

Holy Spirit

Approved rendering: Roh Kudus
Transliteration: ROHKH KOO-doos
Doctrine: Sanctification / Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings
Rejected alternatives: Jibril (the archangel Gabriel), roh halus (a generic nature/subtle spirit in traditional Malay animist belief)
Original: πνεῦμα ἅγιον
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Extended in 1 Peter by ‘Spirit of Christ’ (1:11, pre-existence claim) and ‘Spirit of glory and of God’ (4:14, tight identification reinforcing full deity) — both must be taught as the same Roh Kudus, never a separate inspiring spirit-being, roh halus, or Jibril.

Father

Approved rendering: Bapa
Transliteration: BAH-pah
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: Pencipta (Creator, as a substitute to avoid relational language)
Original: πατήρ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:2,3 (relational, ground of new birth) and 1:17 (impartial judge) — both senses must be held together; do not retreat to Pencipta in the relational verses. Note 4:19’s ‘faithful Creator’ (Pencipta yang setia) is a legitimate complementary divine title in this book, not a substitute for Bapa.

Sprinkling Of Blood

Approved rendering: Percikan darah
Transliteration: per-CHEE-kahn DAH-rah
Doctrine: Covenant Blood and Atonement Imagery
Original: ῥαντισμὸς αἵματος
Category: Christology

1 Peter 1:2, echoing Exodus 24:8 and Ezekiel 36:25. Must be taught against Malaysia’s dominant Hari Raya Qurban association, which carries no substitutionary-atonement or sin-cleansing function in Islamic theology.

Born Again Regeneration

Approved rendering: Dilahirkan semula
Transliteration: dee-lah-HIR-kahn seh-MOO-lah
Doctrine: Mercy and the New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: bertaubat (repentance, moral reformation only), kembali kepada fitrah (returning to an already-pure inborn state)
Original: ἀναγεννάω
Category: Salvation

1 Peter 1:3, 1:23. Direct collision with Islamic fitrah anthropology (humans born spiritually pure, needing no rebirth). Must be taught as supernatural, once-for-all re-creation tied to Christ’s resurrection and the imperishable seed of God’s living word — not moral reform.

Redeemed

Approved rendering: Ditebus
Transliteration: dee-TEH-boos
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: dibebaskan/ditolong (released/helped, losing the price-paid content)
Original: λυτρόω
Category: Christology

1 Peter 1:18-19. Core ransom/price-paid atonement vocabulary; never soften to mere release or help.

Precious Blood Lamb Without Blemish

Approved rendering: Darah yang mahal / anak domba yang tidak bercacat cela dan tidak bernoda
Transliteration: DAH-rah yahng MAH-hahl / AH-nahk DOM-bah yahng TEE-dahk ber-chah-CHAHT CHEH-lah dahn TEE-dahk ber-NOH-dah
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: τίμιον αἷμα … ἀμνὸς ἄμωμος καὶ ἄσπιλος
Category: Christology

1 Peter 1:19. Must be distinguished from Hari Raya Qurban’s commemorative, non-atoning sacrificial-lamb imagery; connects to Passover/Isaiah 53 vicarious sacrifice, with no Islamic parallel to substitutionary atonement.

Living And Abiding Word Of God

Approved rendering: Firman Allah yang hidup dan yang kekal
Transliteration: FEER-mahn ahl-LAHH yahng HEE-doop dahn yahng keh-KAHL
Doctrine: The Living and Enduring Word of God
Rejected alternatives: kalam/wahyu (Arabic-loan Islamic revelation vocabulary)
Original: λόγου ζῶντος θεοῦ καὶ μένοντος
Category: Faith

1 Peter 1:23,25. Uses the established Alkitab Firman term. The Isaiah 40 citation on God’s word enduring forever directly intersects the baseline’s Critical Inspiration of Scripture doctrine and active Malaysian tahrif claims; mandatory human theologian review whenever taught.

Holy Royal Priesthood

Approved rendering: Keimamatan yang kudus / keimamatan diraja
Transliteration: keh-ee-mah-MAH-tahn yahng KOO-doos / keh-ee-mah-MAH-tahn dee-RAH-jah
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: ἱεράτευμα ἅγιον / βασίλειον ἱεράτευμα
Category: Church

1 Peter 2:5,9. The imam root is one of the most religiously and socially significant words in Malay-Muslim life (mosque prayer-leader office; Shi’a Imamate). Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence, teaching explicitly: (1) direct NT priestly access through Christ, no human clergy caste; (2) not an Islamic imam office or ordination; (3) ‘royal’ reflects shared kingly-priestly identity in Christ, not an earthly monarchy.

Submission To Authority

Approved rendering: Tunduk
Transliteration: TOON-dook
Doctrine: Submission to Civil Authority
Original: ὑποτάσσω
Category: Authority

1 Peter 2:13,18; 3:1,5,22; 5:5. Intersects Malaysia’s state Islamic administration enactments, the Sultans’/Yang di-Pertuan Agong’s constitutionally protected religious headship, and ulil amri obedience theology. Mandatory human theologian review at every occurrence; teach as voluntary, gospel-shaped submission by disciples secure in Christ, never as commentary on which religious authority should govern the state.

Bore Sins In Body On Tree

Approved rendering: Menanggung dosa dalam tubuh-Nya di kayu salib
Transliteration: meh-NAHNG-goong DOH-sah dah-lahm TOO-booh-nyah dee KAH-yoo SAH-lib
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἀνήνεγκεν … ἐν τῷ σώματι αὐτοῦ ἐπὶ τὸ ξύλον
Category: Christology

1 Peter 2:24. The epistle’s central atonement claim; directly, unavoidably collides with Qur’an 4:157’s denial of the crucifixion. Mandatory human theologian review on every occurrence.

Wives Submission To Husbands

Approved rendering: Isteri-isteri, tunduklah kepada suami masing-masing
Transliteration: is-TEH-ree is-TEH-ree, toon-DOOK-lah keh-PAH-dah SOO-ah-mee mah-SING mah-SING
Doctrine: Submission and Honor in Household Relationships
Original: γυναῖκες ὑποτασσόμεναι τοῖς ἰδίοις ἀνδράσιν
Category: Authority

1 Peter 3:1. Intersects Malaysian Syariah family-law spousal-obedience fiqh frameworks. Mandatory human theologian review; must be paired with 3:7’s husband’s-honor/co-heirship command to prevent domination-justifying misreadings.

Sanctify Christ As Lord

Approved rendering: Kuduskanlah Kristus sebagai Tuhan
Transliteration: koo-doos-KAHN-lah KRIS-toos seh-BAH-gai TOO-hahn
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering / Lordship of Christ
Original: Κύριον δὲ τὸν Χριστὸν ἁγιάσατε ἐν ταῖς καρδίαις ὑμῶν
Category: Christology

1 Peter 3:15. Fuses two baseline Critical terms (Kudus + Tuhan) in a direct, unqualified command applied to Christ, echoing Romans 10:9. Mandatory human theologian review; never soften.

Suffered Once For Sins Righteous For Unrighteous

Approved rendering: Menderita sekali sahaja kerana dosa, orang benar bagi orang tidak benar
Transliteration: men-deh-REE-tah seh-KAH-lee sah-HAH-jah keh-RAH-nah DOH-sah, OH-rahng beh-NAHR bah-gee OH-rahng TEE-dahk beh-NAHR
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: ἅπαξ περὶ ἁμαρτιῶν ἔπαθεν, δίκαιος ὑπὲρ ἀδίκων
Category: Christology

1 Peter 3:18. The sharpest single collision point in the letter with the mainstream Islamic no-vicarious-atonement principle (Qur’an 6:164, 17:15, 35:18, 53:38). Mandatory human theologian review, with teaching material explicitly naming the Qur’anic principle it contradicts.

Put To Death In Flesh Made Alive In Spirit

Approved rendering: Dimatikan dalam daging, dihidupkan dalam roh
Transliteration: dee-mah-TEE-kahn dah-lahm DAH-ging, dee-hee-DOOP-kahn dah-lahm rohkh
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Original: θανατωθεὶς μὲν σαρκὶ ζῳοποιηθεὶς δὲ πνεύματι
Category: Christology

1 Peter 3:18. Presupposes a real, historical death; directly counters Qur’an 4:157. Teach alongside the baseline Resurrection of Christ entry.

Proclaimed To Spirits In Prison

Approved rendering: Berkhutbah kepada roh-roh di dalam penjara
Transliteration: ber-KHOOT-bah keh-PAH-dah rohkh rohkh dee dah-lahm pen-JAH-rah
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: πνεύμασιν ἐν φυλακῇ … ἐκήρυξεν
Category: Christology

1 Peter 3:19-20. Triple-layered risk: (1) roh is the shared root for folk-animist ancestor/nature spirits and jin beneath official Islam; (2) risks confusion with Islamic barzakh intermediate-state doctrine; (3) must be sharply distinguished from syafaat (Muhammad’s Judgment-Day intercession) — this is Christ’s proclamation of triumph, not intercession for salvation. Mandatory human theologian review, with translator notes recording the interpretive option chosen given genuine scholarly ambiguity.

Baptism Now Saves

Approved rendering: Baptisan … rayuan kepada Allah untuk hati nurani yang baik
Transliteration: bap-TEE-sahn … rah-YOO-ahn keh-PAH-dah ahl-LAHH oon-took HAH-tee noo-RAH-nee yahng BAH-eek
Doctrine: Baptism as an Appeal for a Good Conscience
Original: βάπτισμα … νῦν σῴζει … ἐπερώτημα συνειδήσεως ἀγαθῆς
Category: Salvation

1 Peter 3:21. Risks a baptismal-regeneration misreading or assimilation to Islamic wudu’ ablution ritual-purity logic. Must be taught as an outward sign of an inward reality grounded entirely in Christ’s resurrection, not the water rite itself.

Gospel Preached To Dead

Approved rendering: Injil telah diberitakan kepada orang yang telah mati
Transliteration: IN-jeel teh-LAH dee-beh-ree-TAH-kahn keh-PAH-dah OH-rahng yahng teh-LAH MAH-tee
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: νεκροῖς εὐηγγελίσθη
Category: Eschatology

1 Peter 4:6. Shares the same folk-animist/Islamic-eschatology collision risks as 3:19-20; mandatory human theologian review, presenting the range of scholarly interpretive options rather than a single confident claim.

High Risk Terms

Gospel

Approved rendering: Injil
Transliteration: IN-jeel
Doctrine: Gospel / The Living and Enduring Word of God
Rejected alternatives: berita baik (generic ‘good news’, without the proclamation weight)
Original: εὐαγγέλιον / εὐαγγελίζω
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Injil is the established Alkitab term; in 1 Peter it also names the proclamation searched out by OT prophets (1:12), identified with the living/abiding word of God (1:23-25), and said to have been ‘preached even to those who are dead’ (4:6) — this last use intersects the Critical Inspiration of Scripture doctrine and requires human theologian review.

Grace

Approved rendering: Kasih kurnia
Transliteration: KAH-sih KOOR-nee-ah
Doctrine: Grace
Rejected alternatives: rahmat (mercy, an Arabic-loan term operating within a deeds-and-mercy Islamic judgment framework)
Original: χάρις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Distinct from rahmat and, in this book, distinct also from the new belas kasihan (mercy/eleos) entry. IMPORTANT 1 Peter-specific disambiguation: in 2:19-20, charis is used in a non-soteriological ‘commendable/praiseworthy thing’ sense and must NOT be rendered Kasih kurnia there — see commendable_thing_this_is_grace below.

Faith

Approved rendering: Iman
Transliteration: ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Faith
Rejected alternatives: kepercayaan (generic belief/trust)
Original: πίστις
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Object of faith (Christ) must remain explicit at every 1 Peter occurrence (1:5,7,9,21; 5:9’s ‘firm in the faith’).

Apostle

Approved rendering: Rasul
Transliteration: RAH-sool
Doctrine: Apostleship
Rejected alternatives: utusan (a lower-weight, purely secular ‘envoy/messenger’)
Original: ἀπόστολος
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1, Peter’s self-identification, grounding his authority to write to scattered believers; teach as Spirit-authorized eyewitness of the risen Christ, not a scripture-bearing prophet in the Islamic sense.

Called

Approved rendering: Dipanggil
Transliteration: dee-PAHNG-gil
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: dijemput (invited, as to a social event)

Inherited from Romans package. Occurs at 1 Peter 2:9,21; 3:9; 5:10 in the sense of effectual, sovereign summons — never merely optional invitation.

Calling

Approved rendering: Panggilan
Transliteration: pahng-GIL-ahn
Doctrine: Divine Calling
Rejected alternatives: jemputan

Inherited from Romans package. Noun form; supports the same doctrine as ‘called’ above throughout 1 Peter.

Holy

Approved rendering: Kudus
Transliteration: KOO-doos
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: suci (ritually/physically clean)
Original: ἅγιος
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Anchors 1 Peter 1:15-16’s direct citation of Leviticus 11:44 (‘Be holy, for I am holy’), foundational to the curriculum’s Holiness in Conduct doctrine, and to 2:5,9’s holy priesthood/nation.

Saints

Approved rendering: Orang kudus
Transliteration: OH-rahng KOO-doos
Doctrine: Sainthood
Rejected alternatives: wali (Sufi saints venerated at keramat sites in traditional Malay Islam)

Inherited from Romans package. Not textually prominent as a standalone label in 1 Peter, but the corporate-holiness concept it protects underlies 2:9’s ‘holy nation’ language; retain the same caution against wali/keramat associations if the term is used in teaching material.

Sanctification

Approved rendering: Pengudusan
Transliteration: peng-goo-DOO-sahn
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: penyucian (ritual purification)
Original: ἁγιασμός
Category: Sanctification

Inherited from Romans package. Part of 1 Peter 1:2’s compressed Trinitarian salutation formula (Father’s foreknowledge, Spirit’s sanctification, Christ’s sprinkled blood) — teach as one unified saving act.

Sin

Approved rendering: Dosa
Transliteration: DOH-sah
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Rejected alternatives: kesilapan (mistake/error)
Original: ἁμαρτία
Category: Sin

Inherited from Romans package. Central to 2:22,24; 3:18; 4:1,8. Islamic fitrah anthropology (humans born sinless) resists both universal sinfulness and Christ’s bearing of others’ sin.

Glory

Approved rendering: Kemuliaan
Transliteration: keh-moo-lee-AH-ahn
Doctrine: Deity of Christ
Rejected alternatives: nur (divine light, associated with Nur Muhammad devotion in the historic Malay Sufi tradition)
Original: δόξα
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. Pervasive across 1 Peter (1:7,8,11,21,24; 4:11,13,14; 5:1,4,10). Never nur; 2:9’s ‘marvelous light’ must use cahaya, not nur.

Obedience Of Faith

Approved rendering: Ketaatan iman
Transliteration: keh-tah-AH-tahn ee-MAHN
Doctrine: Obedience of Faith
Rejected alternatives: ketaatan agama (generic religious dutifulness/submission)

Inherited from Romans package. Directly related to 1 Peter’s own new ‘obedience’ (Ketaatan) entry below — taat is a prominent Islamic virtue-word; teach obedience throughout 1 Peter as fruit of grace and new birth, never merit-earning duty.

Power Of God

Approved rendering: Kuasa Allah
Transliteration: KOO-ah-sah ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Salvation as a Present, Guarded Reality
Rejected alternatives: kuasa ghaib (occult/supernatural power, associated with traditional Malay bomoh shamanic practice)
Original: δύναμις θεοῦ
Category: God

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:5: believers are actively guarded (phroureo, military-strength ongoing protection) by God’s own power. Never kuasa ghaib.

Prophet

Approved rendering: Nabi
Transliteration: NAH-bee
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ahli nujum (fortune-teller/astrologer)
Original: προφῆται
Category: Faith

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:10-12: OT prophets who searched out and prophesied Christ’s sufferings and subsequent glories; distinguish their role from Christ’s own identity as more than prophetic.

Election

Approved rendering: Pilihan Allah
Transliteration: pee-LEE-hahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: takdir (fate/predetermined decree)
Original: ἐκλεκτός / ἐκλεκτόν
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 1:1 (‘elect exiles’); 2:6,9 (Christ and the church as chosen). Never takdir; election grounds identity and comfort amid suffering.

Providence

Approved rendering: Pemeliharaan Allah
Transliteration: peh-meh-lee-hah-RAH-ahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: takdir (fate/decree)

Inherited from Romans package. Underlies 1 Peter 4:19’s ‘faithful Creator’ and 5:6-7’s ‘God’s mighty hand’ / casting anxiety on him. Never takdir; personal, purposive, Father-hearted care.

Mission

Approved rendering: Penyebaran Injil
Transliteration: peh-nyeh-BAH-rahn IN-jeel
Doctrine: Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: misi (colonial-era connotations), dakwah-style framing (the specifically Islamic outreach term)

Inherited from Romans package. Relevant to 1 Peter 3:15’s ‘reason for hope’ teaching, which must be routed to human theologian review for the same pastoral/legal-safety reasons given proselytizing restrictions in Malaysia.

Mercy

Approved rendering: Belas kasihan
Transliteration: BEH-las kah-SEE-hahn
Doctrine: Mercy and the New Birth (Regeneration)
Rejected alternatives: rahmat (one of the two central names of Allah in Islam, operating within a deeds-and-judgment framework)
Original: ἔλεος
Category: God

God’s compassionate initiative toward the helpless, the effective cause of new birth (1:3) and of Gentile inclusion (2:10). Deliberately kept distinct from both rahmat and Kasih kurnia (grace), following the same logic already applied to distinguish grace from rahmat in the baseline.

Spirit Of Christ

Approved rendering: Roh Kristus
Transliteration: ROHKH KRIS-toos
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: an unnamed generic ‘inspiring spirit’ distinct from Roh Kudus
Original: Πνεῦμα Χριστοῦ
Category: God

1 Peter 1:11: the Spirit inspiring OT prophets identified as Christ’s own Spirit — a striking pre-existence and Trinitarian claim. Must be taught as the same divine Spirit as Roh Kudus, reinforcing, not competing with, the baseline Holy Spirit entry.

Foreknowledge

Approved rendering: Pengetahuan Allah yang terlebih dahulu
Transliteration: peng-eh-TAH-hoo-ahn ahl-LAHH yahng ter-leh-BEEH dah-HOO-loo
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: takdir (fatalistic, impersonal decree)
Original: πρόγνωσις
Category: God

1 Peter 1:2 (grounding election) and 1:20 (grounding Christ’s redemptive role). Personal, relational foreknowing, not impersonal fate.

Living Hope

Approved rendering: Pengharapan yang hidup
Transliteration: peng-hah-RAH-pahn yahng HEE-doop
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: harapan (bare hope, everyday uncertain-wishing register)
Original: ἐλπὶς ζῶσα
Category: Salvation

1 Peter 1:3, the curriculum’s title doctrine. Always pair with ‘yang hidup’ and anchor to the completed, past-tense resurrection; must not be read as the deferred, Judgment-Day-undetermined hope of Islamic soteriology.

Inheritance

Approved rendering: Warisan
Transliteration: wah-REE-sahn
Doctrine: The Believer’s Imperishable Inheritance
Original: κληρονομία
Category: Salvation

1 Peter 1:4; 3:7 (‘fellow-heirs of the grace of life’). Legally loaded in Malaysia via hukum faraid (fixed-share Islamic inheritance law, Syariah courts); teach as a heavenly, grace-secured inheritance, not an earthly legal-estate claim.

Trial Testing

Approved rendering: Pelbagai pencubaan
Transliteration: pel-BAH-gai pen-choo-BAH-ahn
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πειρασμός
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 1:6; 4:12. Pencubaan is the same Malay word used for ‘temptation’ (cf. Lord’s Prayer tradition); must be explicitly disambiguated on first use in each lesson as external hardship testing faith, not internal enticement to sin.

Revelation Of Jesus Christ

Approved rendering: Penyataan / dinyatakan
Transliteration: peh-nyah-TAH-ahn / dee-nyah-TAH-kahn
Doctrine: The Revelation (Unveiling) of Jesus Christ
Rejected alternatives: wahyu (the specific Arabic-loan Islamic technical term for prophetic revelation culminating in the Qur’an)
Original: ἀποκάλυψις Ἰησοῦ Χριστοῦ
Category: Eschatology

1 Peter 1:5,7,13; 4:13; 5:1. Built on the native root nyata. Never wahyu, which would suggest a new prophetic-scripture event rather than the disclosure of an already-accomplished salvation. Render consistently across all five occurrences.

Sufferings Of Christ And Glories To Follow

Approved rendering: Penderitaan Kristus … kemuliaan yang menyusul
Transliteration: pen-deh-ree-TAH-ahn KRIS-toos … keh-moo-lee-AH-ahn yahng meh-NYOO-sool
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: παθήματα … δόξαι
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 1:11. The structural sufferings-then-glory pattern underlying the entire epistle.

Sojourners Exiles

Approved rendering: Perantau
Transliteration: peh-RAHN-tow
Doctrine: Christian Identity as Sojourners and Exiles
Rejected alternatives: pendatang (politically loaded, bumiputera-contrast term in Malaysian constitutional/public discourse)
Original: παρεπίδημοι / παροικία
Category: Church

1 Peter 1:1,17; 2:11. 1 Peter’s central self-identity metaphor for the whole church. Perantau resonates positively with the Malay diaspora merantau tradition without importing the bumiputera/pendatang political binary.

Obedience

Approved rendering: Ketaatan
Transliteration: keh-tah-AH-tahn
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: ketaatan agama (generic religious dutifulness)
Original: ὑπακοή
Category: Faith

1 Peter 1:2,14,22; 4:17. Related to the baseline Ketaatan iman entry; must be taught as fruit of grace and new birth, not merit-earning duty, since taat is a prominent Islamic virtue-word. Includes ‘children of obedience’ (1:14) idiom.

Conduct Way Of Life

Approved rendering: Cara hidup
Transliteration: CHAH-rah HEE-doop
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Rejected alternatives: kelakuan (narrower, behavior-only register)
Original: ἀναστροφή
Category: Sanctification

1 Peter 1:15,18; 2:12; 3:1-2,16. The recurring structural term carrying this doctrine across the whole book; must render consistently and stay in the moral-relational Kudus register, not the ritual-conformity suci register.

Foreknown Before Foundation Of World

Approved rendering: Telah ditentukan/diketahui sebelum dunia dijadikan
Transliteration: teh-lah dee-ten-TOO-kahn/dee-keh-TAH-hoo-ee seh-BEH-loom DOO-nee-ah dee-jah-DEE-kahn
Doctrine: Divine Election and Foreknowledge
Rejected alternatives: takdir (fatalistic decree)

1 Peter 1:20, of Christ’s redemptive role. Personal, purposive, relational plan revealed ‘for your sake’ — not abstract fatalism.

Chosen Race Holy Nation Peculiar People

Approved rendering: Bangsa yang terpilih / bangsa yang kudus / umat kepunyaan Allah
Transliteration: BAHNG-sah yahng ter-pee-LEEH / BAHNG-sah yahng KOO-doos / OO-maht keh-poo-NYAH-ahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: γένος ἐκλεκτόν / ἔθνος ἅγιον / λαὸς εἰς περιποίησιν
Category: Church

1 Peter 2:9. Umat echoes Arabic ummah, Malaysia’s constitutionally significant Islamic community category (Article 160). Teach as a faith-constituted, multi-ethnic people, not a competing ethnic-political community.

Healed By His Wounds

Approved rendering: Sembuh oleh bilur-Nya
Transliteration: SEHM-booh oh-LEH bee-LOOR-nyah
Doctrine: Christ’s Substitutionary Suffering
Original: μώλωπι … ἰάθητε
Category: Christology

1 Peter 2:24, quoting Isaiah 53:5. Guard against prosperity-gospel-style over-literalization into guaranteed physical healing; primary sense is spiritual healing from sin’s guilt and power.

Shepherd And Overseer Of Souls

Approved rendering: Gembala dan Penyelia jiwa
Transliteration: gem-BAH-lah dahn peh-nyeh-LEE-ah JEE-wah
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμὴν καὶ ἐπίσκοπος τῶν ψυχῶν
Category: Christology

1 Peter 2:25. Christ as the true Shepherd-Overseer; must be rendered with a root consistent with 5:1-2’s elder-oversight language, so readers see human elders serving under Christ’s own authority.

Suffer For Righteousness Sake

Approved rendering: Menderita kerana kebenaran
Transliteration: men-deh-REE-tah keh-RAH-nah keh-beh-NAH-rahn
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: πάσχειν διὰ δικαιοσύνην
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 3:14. The curriculum’s title-doctrine phrase; preserve Kebenaran’s forensic/moral weight; clarify this is suffering for genuinely righteous conduct specifically, not general minority-community hardship.

Defense Reason For Hope

Approved rendering: Jawapan/pembelaan tentang pengharapan yang ada padamu
Transliteration: jah-WAH-pahn/pem-beh-LAH-ahn ten-TAHNG peng-hah-RAH-pahn yahng AH-dah PAH-dah-moo
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection / Mission to the Nations
Rejected alternatives: apologia (unglossed transliteration, too specialist for target reading level)
Original: ἀπολογία … περὶ τῆς ἐν ὑμῖν ἐλπίδος
Category: Faith

1 Peter 3:15. Assumes gentle, respectful response to genuine inquiry, not unsolicited proclamation; route to human theologian review for the same pastoral/legal-safety reasons as the baseline Evangelism entry.

Angels Authorities Powers Subjected

Approved rendering: Malaikat, penguasa-penguasa, dan kuasa-kuasa telah tunduk kepada-Nya
Transliteration: mah-LIE-kaht, peng-GOO-ah-sah peng-GOO-ah-sah, dahn KOO-ah-sah KOO-ah-sah teh-LAH TOON-dook keh-PAH-dah-nyah
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits
Original: ἀγγέλων καὶ ἐξουσιῶν καὶ δυνάμεων ὑποταγέντων αὐτῷ
Category: Christology

1 Peter 3:22. Reinforces Christ’s unique supremacy over every spiritual power/hierarchy, without exception; ties directly to the baseline Deity/Lordship of Christ doctrines.

Approved rendering: Turut ambil bahagian dalam penderitaan Kristus
Transliteration: TOO-root AHM-bil bah-HAH-gee-ahn dah-lahm pen-deh-ree-TAH-ahn KRIS-toos
Doctrine: Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings
Rejected alternatives: bersekutu dalam penderitaan Kristus (risks conflating with the ordinary Low-risk Persekutuan/fellowship term)
Original: κοινωνεῖτε τοῖς τοῦ Χριστοῦ παθήμασιν
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 4:13. Weightier than ordinary Persekutuan; must not trivialize suffering as mere social hardship or imply believers add to Christ’s own unique, finished atoning suffering (2:24; 3:18).

Spirit Of Glory And Of God

Approved rendering: Roh kemuliaan, iaitu Roh Allah
Transliteration: rohkh keh-moo-lee-AH-ahn, ee-AH-too rohkh ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Sharing in Christ’s Sufferings

1 Peter 4:14. Tight identification of ‘Spirit of glory’ with ‘Spirit of God’ reinforces the Holy Spirit’s full deity; guard against any folk-animist or generic-blessing reading of ‘spirit’ here.

Elders

Approved rendering: Penatua
Transliteration: peh-nah-TOO-ah
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: πρεσβύτεροι
Category: Church

1 Peter 5:1,5. Standard established Malay Protestant term. Must be clearly distinguished from Islamic religious-authority titles carrying real legal/social standing in Malaysia (ustaz, imam, mufti, tok guru) and Sufi murshid figures; 1 Peter’s model is notably anti-hierarchical and servant-shaped.

Shepherd The Flock Exercising Oversight

Approved rendering: Gembalakanlah kawanan domba Allah, sambil menyelia
Transliteration: gem-bah-lah-KAHN-lah kah-WAH-nahn DOM-bah ahl-LAHH, SAHM-bil meh-NYEH-lee-ah
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ποιμάνατε τὸ ποίμνιον τοῦ θεοῦ, ἐπισκοποῦντες
Category: Church

1 Peter 5:2. Root must stay consistent with 2:25’s Shepherd-Overseer of Christ, so elders are seen serving under Christ’s own authority.

Not Domineering But Examples

Approved rendering: Bukan berkuasa sewenang-wenangnya, tetapi menjadi teladan
Transliteration: BOO-kahn ber-KOO-ah-sah seh-weh-nahng-weh-NAHNG-nyah, teh-TAH-pee men-JAH-dee teh-LAH-dahn
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: κατακυριεύοντες … τύποι γινόμενοι
Category: Church

1 Peter 5:3. The Greek verb shares the kyrios/Tuhan root in an ironic negative use applied to human leaders who must NOT lord it over others — reinforcing that only Christ holds true, absolute Lordship.

Chief Shepherd

Approved rendering: Gembala Agung
Transliteration: gem-BAH-lah AH-goong
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἀρχιποίμην
Category: Christology

1 Peter 5:4. Must be taught as a title for Christ alone, guarding against confusion with a single supreme human religious-authority figure analogous to a Grand Mufti or Sultan-as-Head-of-Islam figure.

Submit To Elders

Approved rendering: Tunduklah kepada penatua-penatua
Transliteration: toon-DOOK-lah keh-PAH-dah peh-nah-TOO-ah peh-nah-TOO-ah
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ὑποτάγητε πρεσβυτέροις
Category: Authority

1 Peter 5:5. Same hypotasso-family caution as the civil (2:13) and marital (3:1) submission commands; keep the domain of application (local-church governance) explicit to avoid conflation.

Clothe Yourselves With Humility

Approved rendering: Kenakanlah kerendahan hati
Transliteration: keh-nah-kahn-LAH keh-ren-DAH-hahn HAH-tee
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: ἐγκομβώσασθε τὴν ταπεινοφροσύνην
Category: Church

1 Peter 5:5. Partial cultural bridge with Malay merendah diri and Sufi fana’ (self-annihilation before God); ground explicitly in God’s grace to the humble (Prov 3:34, quoted in v.5b) and Christ’s own self-giving example, not Sufi mysticism or generic social courtesy.

Adversary Devil Roaring Lion

Approved rendering: Iblis (musuhmu, seperti singa yang mengaum)
Transliteration: ib-LEES (MOO-soo-moo, seh-PEHR-tee SING-ah yahng meng-OW-oom)
Doctrine: Resisting the Adversary
Original: ὁ ἀντίδικος ὑμῶν διάβολος ὡς λέων ὠρυόμενος
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 5:8. Iblis is the specific proper name for Satan in the Qur’an, already used in established Malay Bible tradition. Teaching must present 1 Peter’s fuller picture — Satan’s predatory activity and certain ultimate defeat through Christ — as going beyond, not identical to, the Qur’anic Iblis narrative.

Medium Risk Terms

Peace

Approved rendering: Damai sejahtera
Transliteration: DAH-mai seh-jah-TEH-rah
Doctrine: Peace with God
Rejected alternatives: ketenangan (inner calm)
Original: εἰρήνη
Category: Salvation

Inherited from Romans package. Opens (1:2) and closes (5:14) the epistle; relational, whole-life peace, not mere psychological calm.

Spiritual Gifts

Approved rendering: Karunia rohani
Transliteration: kah-ROO-nee-ah roh-HAH-nee
Doctrine: Spiritual Gifts and Stewardship of Grace
Rejected alternatives: keramat (a miraculous power or site associated with a venerated wali in traditional Malay Islam)
Original: χάρισμα / ποικίλη χάρις θεοῦ
Category: Church

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 4:10-11: believers as stewards of God’s varied grace-gifts. Never keramat.

Gentiles

Approved rendering: Bangsa bukan Yahudi
Transliteration: BAHNG-sah BOO-kahn yah-HOO-dee
Doctrine: Unity of Jews and Gentiles
Rejected alternatives: kafir (unbeliever/infidel, an actively contested pejorative Islamic-legal category)

Inherited from Romans package. CAUTION specific to 1 Peter 4:3: here ethne (‘Gentiles’) denotes pagan Gentile vice-society generally, a moral-behavioral category, NOT the ethnic Jew/Gentile theological distinction; retain the same Malay phrase for consistency but flag the differing sense in teaching notes to avoid reader confusion.

Prophecy

Approved rendering: Nubuat
Transliteration: noo-boo-AHT
Doctrine: Fulfillment of Prophecy
Rejected alternatives: ramalan (fortune-telling/prediction)

Inherited from Romans package. Implicit throughout 1:10-12’s account of prophetic searching; never ramalan.

Covenant

Approved rendering: Perjanjian
Transliteration: per-jahn-jee-AHN
Doctrine: Covenant Blood and Atonement Imagery
Rejected alternatives: kontrak (bare commercial contract)

Inherited from Romans package. Underlies the covenant-ratification background of 1:2’s ‘sprinkling of blood’ (Exodus 24:8) — a relational-promise concept, not a bare commercial contract.

Church

Approved rendering: Gereja
Transliteration: geh-REH-jah
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: jemaah (also used broadly for a mosque congregation or generic religious assembly)

Inherited from Romans package. Ekklesia is not textually used in 1 Peter, but the doctrine of the church as God’s holy/royal priesthood and people (2:4-10) is this book’s central ecclesiology; use Gereja in surrounding teaching material for the corporate concept, distinct from masjid and jemaah.

Imperishable Undefiled Unfading

Approved rendering: Tidak akan binasa / tidak bernoda / tidak akan layu
Transliteration: TEE-dahk ahkan bee-NAH-sah / TEE-dahk ber-NOH-dah / TEE-dahk ahkan LAH-yoo
Doctrine: The Believer’s Imperishable Inheritance
Rejected alternatives: abadi (generic secular ‘eternal’)
Original: ἄφθαρτον καὶ ἀμίαντον καὶ ἀμάραντον
Category: Salvation

1 Peter 1:4 (inheritance), 1:23 (imperishable seed), 5:4 (unfading crown). Keep in the moral-relational register of Kudus, not the ritual-purity register of suci or the flattened secular abadi.

Guarded By Gods Power

Approved rendering: Dikawal (oleh Kuasa Allah)
Transliteration: dee-KAH-wahl (oh-LEH KOO-ah-sah ahl-LAHH)
Doctrine: Salvation as a Present, Guarded Reality
Rejected alternatives: dilindungi oleh kuasa ghaib (protected by occult power)

1 Peter 1:5. Present-tense, ongoing military-strength protection. Never conflate with kuasa ghaib / bomoh protective-power concepts.

Tested Genuineness Of Faith

Approved rendering: Iman yang teruji
Transliteration: ee-MAHN yahng teh-roo-JEE
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: δοκίμιον τῆς πίστεως
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 1:7. Must not be flattened to ‘the trial itself’ — emphasis is on the proven, refined quality of faith that results, like gold tested by fire.

Joy Inexpressible And Glorified

Approved rendering: Sukacita yang tidak terkata dan penuh kemuliaan
Transliteration: soo-kah-CHEE-tah yahng TEE-dahk ter-KAH-tah dahn PEH-nooh keh-moo-lee-AH-ahn
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection

1 Peter 1:8. Shares the Kemuliaan root; more than ordinary happiness — present joy proleptically sharing in God’s own glory.

Outcome Of Faith

Approved rendering: Kesudahan iman / hasil akhir iman
Transliteration: keh-soo-DAH-hahn ee-MAHN / HAH-sil AH-khir ee-MAHN
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection
Rejected alternatives: bila iman berakhir (when faith ends, temporal-cessation misreading)

1 Peter 1:9. Faith’s intended goal/fulfillment, not merely its temporal end.

Salvation Of Souls

Approved rendering: Keselamatan jiwa
Transliteration: keh-seh-lah-MAH-tahn JEE-wah
Doctrine: Salvation as a Present, Guarded Reality
Original: σωτηρία ψυχῶν
Category: Salvation

1 Peter 1:9. Jiwa carries strong soul/body dualism in Malay; must be taught as whole-person salvation consistent with 1 Peter’s bodily-resurrection emphasis, guarding against a Platonic/docetic misreading that would ironically converge with the Qur’anic non-bodily-death framework.

Futile Ancestral Way Of Life

Approved rendering: Cara hidup yang sia-sia yang diwarisi daripada nenek moyang
Transliteration: CHAH-rah HEE-doop yahng SEE-ah SEE-ah yahng dee-wah-REE-see dah-ree-PAH-dah NEH-nek moh-YAHNG
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct

1 Peter 1:18. Critiques specific pagan Gentile custom; must be handled pastorally regarding adat and ancestor-honoring practices without appearing to broadly disparage all inherited Malay culture — keep the critique’s original scope precise.

Sincere Brotherly Love

Approved rendering: Kasih persaudaraan yang tulus/ikhlas
Transliteration: KAH-sih per-sow-dah-RAH-ahn yahng TOO-loos/ikh-LAHS
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct

1 Peter 1:22. Persaudaraan can read as ethnic/bumiputera solidarity (cf. baseline fellowship caution); make explicit this is love among believers specifically.

Living Stone Cornerstone

Approved rendering: Batu yang hidup / batu penjuru
Transliteration: BAH-too yahng HEE-doop / BAH-too pen-JOO-roo
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: λίθον ζῶντα / λίθον ἀκρογωνιαῖον
Category: Church

1 Peter 2:4,6-8. Architectural/foundational metaphor for Christ’s person, not a literal object; note the distant echo-risk with venerated-stone/keramat folk devotion.

Spiritual House

Approved rendering: Rumah rohani
Transliteration: ROO-mah roh-HAH-nee
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Original: οἶκος πνευματικός
Category: Church

1 Peter 2:5. The corporate people of God, not a literal building.

Marvelous Light

Approved rendering: Cahaya yang ajaib
Transliteration: chah-HAH-yah yahng AH-jah-ib
Doctrine: Church as a Holy and Royal Priesthood
Rejected alternatives: nur (Sufi Nur Muhammad associations)

1 Peter 2:9. Use cahaya, never nur, consistent with the baseline Glory entry’s caution.

Fleshly Lusts

Approved rendering: Hawa nafsu duniawi
Transliteration: HAH-wah NAHF-soo doo-nee-AH-wee
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: σαρκικαὶ ἐπιθυμίαι
Category: Sin

1 Peter 2:11. Nafsu resonates with the shared Islamic anthropological term for the lower self; genuine point of resonance, but should not be over-identified with the specific tripartite nafs doctrine (nafs ammarah, lawwamah, mutmainnah).

Day Of Visitation

Approved rendering: Hari lawatan Allah
Transliteration: HAH-ree lah-WAH-tahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct

1 Peter 2:12. Eschatological term sharing a root with ‘overseer’ (episkopos), relevant for ch.5’s elder-oversight vocabulary; flag for translator consistency.

Freedom

Approved rendering: Bebas / kebebasan
Transliteration: BEH-bahs / keh-beh-BAH-sahn
Doctrine: Submission to Civil Authority

1 Peter 2:16. Spiritual-ethical freedom from sin’s dominion, not a claim about Malaysia’s Article 11 civil religious-freedom law.

Servant Of God

Approved rendering: Hamba Allah
Transliteration: HAHM-bah ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Submission to Civil Authority
Original: δοῦλοι θεοῦ
Category: Authority

1 Peter 2:16. Genuine bridge with the common Islamic self-descriptor hamba Allah; distinguish 1 Peter’s specific sense (bondservant freed from sin through the cross) from the general Islamic creaturely-servant relationship.

Household Servants And Masters

Approved rendering: Hamba (dalam rumah tangga) … tuan
Transliteration: HAHM-bah (dah-lahm ROO-mah TAHNG-gah) … TOO-ahn
Doctrine: Submission and Honor in Household Relationships

1 Peter 2:18. Tuan here correctly renders a human master; must never be confused with Tuhan (divine Lord). Explain the ancient household-slavery context is historical, not a present-day institution.

Commendable Thing This Is Grace

Approved rendering: Kerana inilah yang berkenan (di hati Allah)
Transliteration: keh-RAH-nah ee-nee-LAH yahng ber-KEH-nahn (dee HAH-tee ahl-LAHH)
Doctrine: Grace (non-soteriological disambiguation)
Rejected alternatives: Kasih kurnia (would wrongly conflate this everyday sense of charis with the soteriological Grace doctrine)

1 Peter 2:19-20. Charis here means ‘a commendable/praiseworthy thing,’ not saving grace. Must NOT be rendered Kasih kurnia in this verse; record this as a translation-memory disambiguation flag for translators.

Won Without A Word

Approved rendering: Mereka akan dimenangi
Transliteration: meh-REH-kah ah-kahn dee-meh-NAHNG-ee
Doctrine: Submission and Honor in Household Relationships

1 Peter 3:1. Evangelistic hope through quiet conduct within existing family relationships, not active verbal proselytizing; keep the same legal-safety caution as the baseline Evangelism entry.

Hidden Person Of Heart Gentle Quiet Spirit

Approved rendering: Peribadi batin hati / roh yang lemah lembut dan tenang
Transliteration: peh-ree-BAH-dee BAH-tin HAH-tee / rohkh yahng LEH-mah LEHM-boot dahn teh-NAHNG
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct

1 Peter 3:4. Christlike inner strength (echoing 2:23’s non-retaliation), not passivity or a culturally-loaded expectation of female silence.

Weaker Vessel

Approved rendering: Bekas yang lebih lemah
Transliteration: BEH-kahs yahng LEH-bih LEH-mah
Doctrine: Submission and Honor in Household Relationships
Original: ὡς ἀσθενεστέρῳ σκεύει
Category: Authority

1 Peter 3:7. Calls husbands to honor and equal co-heirship, not a statement of spiritual/moral inferiority; guard against misreadings justifying domestic domination.

Fellow Heirs Of Grace Of Life

Approved rendering: Waris bersama kasih kurnia hidup
Transliteration: WAH-ris ber-SAH-mah KAH-sih KOOR-nee-ah HEE-doop
Doctrine: Submission and Honor in Household Relationships

1 Peter 3:7. Combines the Kasih kurnia (grace) and inheritance cautions; explicit mutuality claim balancing the wives’ submission command.

Days Of Noah Ark

Approved rendering: Zaman Nabi Nuh / bahtera
Transliteration: ZAH-mahn NAH-bee NOOH / bah-TEH-rah
Doctrine: Christ’s Proclamation to the Spirits

1 Peter 3:20. Genuine Qur’anic-Noah bridge (Surah 11, 71), but the baptismal typology (eight persons saved through water) is distinctively Christian and should not be assumed as shared common ground.

Ceased From Sin

Approved rendering: Telah berhenti berbuat dosa
Transliteration: teh-LAH ber-HEHN-tee ber-boo-AHT DOH-sah
Doctrine: Christlike Endurance in Suffering
Original: πέπαυται ἁμαρτίας
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 4:1. Not sinless perfectionism; sin’s dominion decisively broken through union with Christ’s death, consistent with the baseline Christian Identity in Christ doctrine.

Pagan Vice Will Of Gentiles

Approved rendering: Kehendak orang bukan Yahudi
Transliteration: keh-HEHN-dahk OH-rahng BOO-kahn yah-HOO-dee
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct

1 Peter 4:3. Same Greek word (ethne) as the baseline Gentiles entry but a different referent (pagan moral vice, not the ethnic Jew/Gentile category); disambiguate explicitly in teaching notes.

Former Ignorance

Approved rendering: Kejahilan dahulu
Transliteration: keh-jah-HEE-lahn dah-HOO-loo
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct

1 Peter 1:14. Partial cultural bridge with Islamic jahiliyyah (‘age of ignorance’); clarify this ignorance is remedied specifically by the gospel of Christ’s death and resurrection, not by the coming of a final prophet-messenger.

Love Covers Multitude Of Sins

Approved rendering: Kasih menudungi banyak dosa
Transliteration: KAH-sih meh-NOO-doong-ee BAH-nyahk DOH-sah
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: ἡ ἀγάπη καλύπτει πλῆθος ἁμαρτιῶν
Category: Faith

1 Peter 4:8, quoting Proverbs 10:12. Relational forbearance and forgiveness within community, never a competing atonement mechanism to Christ’s own unique work (2:24, 3:18).

Oracles Of God

Approved rendering: Firman-firman Allah
Transliteration: FEER-mahn FEER-mahn ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: The Living and Enduring Word of God
Original: λόγια θεοῦ
Category: Faith

1 Peter 4:11. Spirit-enabled Christian speech consistent with, not additional to, Scripture — not a claim to ongoing new prophetic revelation.

Fiery Trial

Approved rendering: Ujian yang bagaikan api
Transliteration: oo-JEE-ahn yahng bah-GAI-kahn AH-pee
Doctrine: Suffering for Righteousness’ Sake
Original: ἡ ἐν ὑμῖν πύρωσις
Category: Suffering

1 Peter 4:12. Must be rendered consistently with 1:6-7’s pencubaan/iman yang teruji refining-fire terminology.

As A Christian

Approved rendering: Sebagai orang Kristian
Transliteration: seh-BAH-gai OH-rahng kris-tee-AHN
Doctrine: Judgment Beginning at the Household of God
Original: ὡς Χριστιανός
Category: Sanctification

1 Peter 4:16. Socially significant in Malaysia, where Kristian is an official religious-identity category with legal weight in conversion-law contexts; resonant with costly public identity-claims for Malaysian believers, especially converts from Muslim families.

Judgment Begins At Household Of God

Approved rendering: Penghakiman bermula daripada keluarga Allah
Transliteration: peng-hah-KEE-mahn ber-MOO-lah dah-ree-PAH-dah keh-loo-AHR-gah ahl-LAHH
Doctrine: Judgment Beginning at the Household of God
Original: ἄρξασθαι τὸ κρίμα ἀπὸ τοῦ οἴκου τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Eschatology

1 Peter 4:17. ‘House/household’ must be disambiguated as the covenant community/family, not a literal building (rumah ibadat).

Faithful Creator

Approved rendering: Pencipta yang setia
Transliteration: pen-CHIP-tah yahng seh-TEE-ah
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Assurance
Original: πιστὸς κτίστης
Category: God

1 Peter 4:19. Legitimate complementary divine title here, distinct from the baseline’s caution against Pencipta as a euphemistic Father-substitute; the two uses must not be conflated in translator guidance.

Humble Yourselves Under Gods Mighty Hand

Approved rendering: Rendahkanlah dirimu di bawah tangan Allah yang kuat
Transliteration: ren-dah-KAHN-lah DEE-ree-moo dee BAH-wah TAH-ngahn ahl-LAHH yahng KOO-aht
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Assurance
Rejected alternatives: takdir (fatalistic decree)
Original: ταπεινώθητε ὑπὸ τὴν κραταιὰν χεῖρα τοῦ θεοῦ
Category: Authority

1 Peter 5:6. Echoes the baseline Providence entry; teach as personal, purposive fatherly discipline, not fatalistic takdir.

God Of All Grace

Approved rendering: Allah, sumber segala kasih kurnia
Transliteration: ahl-LAHH, SOOM-ber seh-GAH-lah KAH-sih KOOR-nee-ah
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Assurance
Original: ὁ θεὸς πάσης χάριτος
Category: God

1 Peter 5:10. Reuses the baseline High-risk Kasih kurnia; keep distinct from rahmat per the Grace entry’s rationale.

Low Risk Terms

Fellowship

Approved rendering: Persekutuan
Transliteration: per-seh-koo-TOO-ahn
Doctrine: Christian Fellowship
Rejected alternatives: persaudaraan (brotherhood, generic/ethnic)

Inherited from Romans package. Do not use for 4:13’s weightier ‘sharing Christ’s sufferings’ (koinoneo), which requires the separate, High-risk sharing_christs_sufferings entry below.

Exhort

Approved rendering: Menasihati
Transliteration: meh-NAH-see-HAH-tee
Doctrine: Mutual Edification

Inherited from Romans package. 1 Peter 5:1, Peter’s exhortation to elders; context-sensitive per baseline (merayu for pleading, menasihati for building up).

Good Conscience

Approved rendering: Hati nurani yang baik
Transliteration: HAH-tee noo-RAH-nee yahng BAH-eek
Doctrine: Holiness in Conduct
Original: συνείδησις ἀγαθή
Category: Sanctification

1 Peter 3:16,21. Religiously neutral Malay term; low collision risk.

Unfading Crown Of Glory

Approved rendering: Mahkota kemuliaan yang tidak akan pudar
Transliteration: mah-KOH-tah keh-moo-lee-AH-ahn yahng TEE-dahk ah-kahn POO-dahr
Doctrine: Elders and Humility
Original: τὸν ἀμαράντινον τῆς δόξης στέφανον
Category: Church

1 Peter 5:4. Reuses amarantos (1:4) and Kemuliaan; low-ambiguity eschatological reward image for faithful elders.

Casting All Your Anxiety

Approved rendering: Serahkanlah segala kebimbanganmu kepada-Nya
Transliteration: seh-rah-KAHN-lah seh-GAH-lah keh-bim-BAHNG-ahn-moo keh-PAH-dah-nyah
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Assurance

1 Peter 5:7, echoing Psalm 55:22. Low-ambiguity comfort passage.

Blessed Doxology

Approved rendering: Terpujilah
Transliteration: ter-poo-JEE-lah
Doctrine: The Living Hope of the Resurrection (opening doxology)

1 Peter 1:3, opening doxology (eulogetos), standard Jewish-Christian berakah form; low risk, already established doxological form in Alkitab tradition.

Kiss Of Love

Approved rendering: Ciuman kasih
Transliteration: chee-OO-mahn KAH-sih
Doctrine: (closing cultural greeting, 1 Peter 5:14)

1 Peter 5:14. Culturally-specific early-church greeting custom; render for the affection/unity it expressed rather than a call to imitate the exact physical gesture out of context, per baseline idiom-handling guidance.

Babylon Coded Reference

Approved rendering: Babel/Babilon
Transliteration: BAH-bel/bah-bee-LON
Doctrine: (closing, 1 Peter 5:13)

1 Peter 5:13. Widely understood as a coded reference to Rome; a brief explanatory footnote is recommended, not a doctrinal flag.

Low-Medium Risk Terms

Example And Footsteps

Approved rendering: Teladan … jejak langkah
Transliteration: teh-LAH-dahn … JEH-jahk LAHNG-kah
Doctrine: Christlike Endurance in Suffering

1 Peter 2:21. Christ’s suffering as a copy-book pattern (hypogrammos) believers trace exactly, not merely a loose inspiration.

Arm Yourselves With Same Mindset

Approved rendering: Perlengkapilah dirimu dengan fikiran yang sama
Transliteration: per-leng-kah-PEE-lah DEE-ree-moo deng-AHN fee-KEE-rahn yahng SAH-mah
Doctrine: Christlike Endurance in Suffering

1 Peter 4:1. Military metaphor; adopting Christ’s own attitude toward suffering as armor.

Restore Confirm Strengthen Establish

Approved rendering: Menyempurnakan, meneguhkan, menguatkan, dan mengukuhkan
Transliteration: meh-nyem-poor-NAH-kahn, meh-neh-GOOH-kahn, meng-GOO-aht-kahn, dahn meh-ngoo-KOOH-kahn
Doctrine: God’s Sustaining Grace and Assurance

1 Peter 5:10. Positive closing four-fold assurance; light cross-reference to the baseline’s Critical Assurance of Salvation doctrine in tone, though distinct vocabulary.

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